A074878 -id:A074878 - cp's OEIS frontend

A175654 Eight bishops and one elephant on a 3 X 3 chessboard. G.f.: (1 - x - x^2)/(1 - 3x - x^2 + 6x^3).

1, 2, 6, 14, 36, 86, 210, 500, 1194, 2822, 6660, 15638, 36642, 85604, 199626, 464630, 1079892, 2506550, 5811762, 13462484, 31159914, 72071654, 166599972, 384912086, 888906306, 2052031172, 4735527306, 10925175254, 25198866036, 58108609526, 133973643090

Offset: 0

Johannes W. Meijer, Aug 06 2010; edited Jun 21 2013

a(n) represents the number of n-move routes of a fairy chess piece starting in a given corner square (m = 1, 3, 7 or 9) on a 3 X 3 chessboard. This fairy chess piece behaves like a bishop on the eight side and corner squares but on the center square the bishop flies into a rage and turns into a raging elephant.
In chaturanga, the old Indian version of chess, one of the pieces was called gaja, elephant in Sanskrit. The Arabs called the game shatranj and the elephant became el fil in Arabic. In Spain chess became chess as we know it today but surprisingly in Spanish a bishop isn't a Christian bishop but a Moorish elephant and it still goes by its original name of el alfil.
On a 3 X 3 chessboard there are 2^9 = 512 ways for an elephant to fly into a rage on the central square (off the center the piece behaves like a normal bishop). The elephant is represented by the A[5] vector in the fifth row of the adjacency matrix A, see the Maple program and A180140. For the corner squares the 512 elephants lead to 46 different elephant sequences, see the overview of elephant sequences and the crossreferences.
The sequence above corresponds to 16 A[5] vectors with decimal values 71, 77, 101, 197, 263, 269, 293, 323, 326, 329, 332, 353, 356, 389, 449 and 452. These vectors lead for the side squares to A000079 and for the central square to A175655.

Gary Chartrand, Introductory Graph Theory, pp. 217-221, 1984.
David Hooper and Kenneth Whyld, The Oxford Companion to Chess, pp. 74, 366, 1992.

Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1000
Viswanathan Anand, The Indian Defense, Time, Jun 19 2008.
Vladimir Kruchinin, Composition of ordinary generating functions, arXiv:1009.2565 [math.CO], 2010.
Johannes W. Meijer, The elephant sequences.
Wikipedia, War Elephant.
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (3,1,-6).

Cf. Elephant sequences corner squares [decimal value A[5]]: A040000 [0], A000027 [16], A000045 [1], A094373 [2], A000079 [3], A083329 [42], A027934 [11], A172481 [7], A006138 [69], A000325 [26], A045623 [19], A000129 [21], A095121 [170], A074878 [43], A059570 [15], A175654 [71, this sequence], A026597 [325], A097813 [58], A057711 [27], 2*A094723 [23; n>=-1], A002605 [85], A175660 [171], A123203 [186], A066373 [59], A015518 [341], A134401 [187], A093833 [343].

Cf. A000244, A006130, A006138, A075188, A175655, A180140.

[n le 3 select Factorial(n) else 3*Self(n-1) +Self(n-2) -6*Self(n-3): n in [1..41]]; // G. C. Greubel, Dec 08 2021

nmax:=28; m:=1; A[1]:=[0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1]: A[2]:=[0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0]: A[3]:=[0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0]: A[4]:=[0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0]: A[5]:=[0,0,1,0,0,0,1,1,1]: A[6]:=[0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0]: A[7]:=[0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0]: A[8]:=[0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0]: A[9]:=[1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0]: A:=Matrix([A[1], A[2], A[3], A[4], A[5], A[6], A[7], A[8], A[9]]): for n from 0 to nmax do B(n):=A^n: a(n):= add(B(n)[m,k],k=1..9): od: seq(a(n), n=0..nmax);

LinearRecurrence[{3,1,-6}, {1,2,6}, 80] (* Vladimir Joseph Stephan Orlovsky, Feb 21 2012 *)

a(n)=([0,1,0; 0,0,1; -6,1,3]^n*[1;2;6])[1,1] \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Oct 03 2016

[( (1-x-x^2)/((1-2*x)*(1-x-3*x^2)) ).series(x,n+1).list()[n] for n in (0..40)] # G. C. Greubel, Dec 08 2021

G.f.: (1 - x - x^2)/(1 - 3*x - x^2 + 6*x^3).
a(n) = 3*a(n-1) + a(n-2) - 6*a(n-3) with a(0)=1, a(1)=2 and a(2)=6.
a(n) = ((6+10*A)*A^(-n-1) + (6+10*B)*B^(-n-1))/13 - 2^n with A = (-1+sqrt(13))/6 and B = (-1-sqrt(13))/6.
Limit_{k->oo} a(n+k)/a(k) = (-1)^(n)*2*A000244(n)/(A075118(n) - A006130(n-1)*sqrt(13)).
a(n) = b(n) - b(n-1) - b(n-2), where b(n) = Sum_{k=1..n} Sum_{j=0..k} binomial(j,n-3*k+2*j)*(-6)^(k-j)*binomial(k,j)*3^(3*k-n-j), n>0, b(0)=1, with a(0) = b(0), a(1) = b(1) - b(0). - Vladimir Kruchinin, Aug 20 2010
a(n) = 2*A006138(n) - 2^n = 2*(A006130(n) + A006130(n-1)) - 2^n. - G. C. Greubel, Dec 08 2021
E.g.f.: 2*exp(x/2)*(13*cosh(sqrt(13)*x/2) + 3*sqrt(13)*sinh(sqrt(13)*x/2))/13 - cosh(2*x) - sinh(2*x). - Stefano Spezia, Feb 12 2023

A074829 Triangle formed by Pascal's rule, except that the n-th row begins and ends with the n-th Fibonacci number.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4, 4, 3, 5, 7, 8, 7, 5, 8, 12, 15, 15, 12, 8, 13, 20, 27, 30, 27, 20, 13, 21, 33, 47, 57, 57, 47, 33, 21, 34, 54, 80, 104, 114, 104, 80, 54, 34, 55, 88, 134, 184, 218, 218, 184, 134, 88, 55, 89, 143, 222, 318, 402, 436, 402, 318, 222, 143, 89

Offset: 1

Joseph L. Pe, Sep 30 2002

			The first and second Fibonacci numbers are 1, 1, so the first and second rows of the triangle are 1; 1 1; respectively. The third row of the triangle begins and ends with the third Fibonacci number, 2 and the middle term is the sum of the contiguous two terms in the second row, i.e., 1 + 1 = 2, so the third row is 2 2 2.
Triangle begins:
   1;
   1,  1;
   2,  2,  2;
   3,  4,  4,   3;
   5,  7,  8,   7,   5;
   8, 12, 15,  15,  12,   8;
  13, 20, 27,  30,  27,  20, 13;
  21, 33, 47,  57,  57,  47, 33, 21;
  34, 54, 80, 104, 114, 104, 80, 54, 34;
  ...
Formatted as a symmetric triangle:
                           1;
                        1,    1;
                     2,    2,    2;
                  3,    4,    4,    3;
               5,    7,    8,    7,    5;
            8,   12,   15,   15,   12,    8;
        13,   20,   27,   30,   27,   20,   13;
     21,   33,   47,   57,   57,   47,   33,   21;
  34,   54,   80,  104,  114,  104,   80,   54,   34;

Reinhard Zumkeller, Rows n = 1..120 of table, flattened
Hebert Pérez-Rosés, Asymptotic Analysis of Central Binomiacci Numbers, arXiv:2503.17462 [math.CO], 2025.
Index entries for triangles and arrays related to Pascal's triangle

Some other Fibonacci-Pascal triangles: A027926, A036355, A037027, A105809, A108617, A109906, A111006, A114197, A162741, A228074.

Cf. A074878 (row sums).

T:= function(n,k)
    if k=1 then return Fibonacci(n);
    elif k=n then return Fibonacci(n);
    else return T(n-1,k-1) + T(n-1,k);
    fi;
  end;
Flat(List([1..15], n-> List([1..n], k-> T(n,k) ))); # G. C. Greubel, Jul 12 2019

a074829 n k = a074829_tabl !! (n-1) !! (k-1)
a074829_row n = a074829_tabl !! (n-1)
a074829_tabl = map fst $ iterate
   (\(u:_, vs) -> (vs, zipWith (+) ([u] ++ vs) (vs ++ [u]))) ([1], [1,1])
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Aug 15 2013

A074829 := proc(n,k)
    option remember ;
    if k=1 or k=n then
        combinat[fibonacci](n) ;
    else
        procname(n-1,k-1)+procname(n-1,k) ;
    end if;
end proc:
seq(seq(A074829(n,k),k=1..n),n=1..12) ; # R. J. Mathar, Mar 31 2025

T[n_, 1]:= Fibonacci[n]; T[n_, n_]:= Fibonacci[n]; T[n_, k_]:= T[n-1, k-1] + T[n-1, k]; Table[T[n, k], {n, 1, 12}, {k, 1, n}]//Flatten (* G. C. Greubel, Jul 12 2019 *)

T(n,k) = if(k==1 || k==n, fibonacci(n), T(n-1,k-1) + T(n-1,k));
for(n=1,12, for(k=1,n, print1(T(n,k), ", "))) \\ G. C. Greubel, Jul 12 2019

def T(n, k):
    if (k==1 or k==n): return fibonacci(n)
    else: return T(n-1, k-1) + T(n-1, k)
[[T(n, k) for k in (1..n)] for n in (1..12)] # G. C. Greubel, Jul 12 2019

More terms from Philippe Deléham, Sep 20 2006

Data error in 7th row fixed by Reinhard Zumkeller, Aug 15 2013

A011794 Triangle defined by T(n+1, k) = T(n, k-1) + T(n-1, k), T(n,1) = 1, T(1,k) = 1, T(2,k) = min(2,k).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 3, 1, 3, 4, 5, 1, 3, 6, 7, 8, 1, 4, 7, 11, 12, 13, 1, 4, 10, 14, 19, 20, 21, 1, 5, 11, 21, 26, 32, 33, 34, 1, 5, 15, 25, 40, 46, 53, 54, 55, 1, 6, 16, 36, 51, 72, 79, 87, 88, 89, 1, 6, 21, 41, 76, 97, 125, 133, 142, 143, 144, 1, 7, 22, 57, 92, 148, 176, 212, 221, 231, 232, 233

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane and David Broadhurst

			matrix(10,10,n,k,a(n-1,k-1))
  [ 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ]
  [ 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ]
  [ 0 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 ]
  [ 0 1 2 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 ]
  [ 0 1 3 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 ]
  [ 0 1 3 6 7 8 8 8 8 8 ]
Triangle begins as:
  1;
  1, 2;
  1, 2,  3;
  1, 3,  4,  5;
  1, 3,  6,  7,  8;
  1, 4,  7, 11, 12, 13;
  1, 4, 10, 14, 19, 20, 21;
  1, 5, 11, 21, 26, 32, 33, 34;
  1, 5, 15, 25, 40, 46, 53, 54, 55;
  1, 6, 16, 36, 51, 72, 79, 87, 88, 89;

G. C. Greubel, Rows n = 1..100 of the triangle, flattened
D. J. Broadhurst, On the enumeration of irreducible k-fold Euler sums and their roles in knot theory and field theory, arXiv:hep-th/9604128, 1996.

Columns include A008619 and (essentially) A055802, A055803, A055804, A055805, A055806.
Right-hand columns 1-14 are A000045, A000071, A001911, A001924, A001891, A014162, A053808, A014166, A053809, A053739, A054469, A053295, A054470, A053296.
Essentially a reflected version of A055801.
Sums include: A039834 (signed row), A131913 (row).
Cf. A008466, A074878, A103609.

function T(n,k) // T = A011794(n,k)
  if k eq 1 or n eq 1 then return 1;
  elif n eq 2 then return Min(2, k);
  else return T(n-1,k-1) + T(n-2,k);
  end if;
end function;
[T(n,k): k in [1..n], n in [1..15]]; // G. C. Greubel, Oct 21 2024

T[n_, k_]:= T[n, k]= T[n-1, k-1] + T[n-2, k]; T[n_, 1] = 1; T[1, k_] = 1; T[2, k_] := Min[2, k]; Table[T[n, k], {n,15}, {k,n}]//Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Feb 26 2013 *)

T(n,k)=if(n<=0 || k<=0,0, if(n<=2 || k==1, min(n,k), T(n-1,k-1)+T(n-2,k)))

def T(n, k): # T = A011794
    if (k==1 or n==1): return 1
    elif (n==2): return min(2,k)
    else: return T(n-1, k-1) + T(n-2, k)
flatten([[T(n, k) for k in range(1,n+1)] for n in range(1,16)]) # G. C. Greubel, Oct 21 2024

T(n,n) = Fibonacci(n+1). - Jean-François Alcover, Feb 26 2013
From G. C. Greubel, Oct 21 2024: (Start)
Sum_{k=1..n} T(n, k) = A131913(n-1).
Sum_{k=1..n} (-1)^(k-1)*T(n, k) = A039834(n).
Sum_{k=1..floor((n+1)/2)} T(n-k+1,k) = (1/2)*((1-(-1)^n)*A074878((n+3)/2) + (1+(-1)^n)*A008466((n+6)/2)) (diagonal row sums).
Sum_{k=1..floor((n+1)/2)} (-1)^(k-1)*T(n-k+1,k) = (-1)^floor((n-1)/2)*A103609(n) + [n=1] (signed diagonal row sums). (End)

Entry improved by comments from Michael Somos

More terms added by G. C. Greubel, Oct 21 2024

A175657 Eight bishops and one elephant on a 3 X 3 chessboard: a(n) = 32^n - 2F(n+1), with F(n) = A000045(n).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 4, 8, 18, 38, 80, 166, 342, 700, 1426, 2894, 5856, 11822, 23822, 47932, 96330, 193414, 388048, 778070, 1559334, 3123836, 6256034, 12525598, 25073088, 50181598, 100420510, 200933756, 402017562, 804277910, 1608948656, 3218532934

Offset: 0

Johannes W. Meijer, Aug 06 2010

The a(n) represent the number of n-move routes of a fairy chess piece starting in the central square (m = 5) on a 3 X 3 chessboard. This fairy chess piece behaves like a bishop on the eight side and corner squares but on the central square the bishop turns into a raging elephant, see A175654.

The sequence above corresponds to 16 A[5] vectors with decimal values 43, 46, 106, 139, 142, 163, 166, 169, 172, 202, 226, 232, 298, 394, 418 and 424. These vectors lead for the side squares to A000079 and for the corner squares to A074878 (a(n)=3*2^n-2*F(n+2)).

Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1000
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (3,-1,-2).

Cf. A000045, A000079, A074878, A175654, A175655 (central square).

I:=[1,4,8]; [n le 3 select I[n] else 3*Self(n-1)-Self(n-2)-2*Self(n-3): n in [1..35]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Jul 21 2013

with(LinearAlgebra): nmax:=30; m:=5; A[5]:= [0,0,0,1,0,1,0,1,1]: A:=Matrix([[0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1], [0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0], [0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0], [0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0], A[5], [0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0], [0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0], [0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0], [1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0]]): for n from 0 to nmax do B(n):=A^n: a(n):= add(B(n)[m,k],k=1..9): od: seq(a(n), n=0..nmax);

LinearRecurrence[{3,-1,-2},{1,4,8},40] (* Harvey P. Dale, Aug 12 2012 *)
CoefficientList[Series[(1 + x - 3 x^2) / (1 - 3 x + x^2 + 2 x^3), {x, 0, 40}], x] (* Vincenzo Librandi, Jul 21 2013 *)

G.f.: (1+x-3*x^2)/(1-3*x+x^2+2*x^3).

a(n) = 3*a(n-1)-a(n-2)-2*a(n-3) with a(0)=1, a(1)=4 and a(2)=8.

A175660 Eight bishops and one elephant on a 3 X 3 chessboard. a(n) = 2^(n+2) - 3*F(n+2).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 7, 17, 40, 89, 193, 410, 859, 1781, 3664, 7493, 15253, 30938, 62575, 126281, 254392, 511745, 1028281, 2064314, 4141171, 8302637, 16638112, 33329357, 66744685, 133628474, 267482023, 535328225, 1071245704, 2143444841

Offset: 0

Johannes W. Meijer, Aug 06 2010, Aug 10 2010

The a(n) represent the number of n-move routes of a fairy chess piece starting in a given corner square (m = 1, 3, 7, 9) on a 3 X 3 chessboard. This fairy chess piece behaves like a bishop on the eight side and corner squares but on the central square the bishop turns into a raging elephant, see A175654.

The sequence above corresponds to four A[5] vectors with decimal values 171, 174, 234 and 426. These vectors lead for the side squares to A000079 and for the central square to A175661 (a(n) = 2^(n+2) - 3*F(n+1)).

Harvey P. Dale, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1000
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (3, -1, -2).

Cf. A008466 (2^n-F(n+2)), A027934 (2^n-F(n+1)), A027974 (2^(n+3)-F(n+5)-F(n+3)), A074878 (3*2^n-2*F(n+2)), A142585 ((-1)^(n+1)*(2^(n-1)-F(n+1)-F(n-1))), A175661 (2^(n+2)-3*F(n+1)), A179610 (convolution of (-4)^n and F(n+1)).

nmax:=29; m:=1; A[5]:= [0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,1]: A:=Matrix([[0,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,1], [0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0], [0,0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0], [0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0], A[5], [0,1,0,0,0,0,0,1,0], [0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0,0], [0,0,0,1,0,1,0,0,0], [1,0,0,0,1,0,0,0,0]]): for n from 0 to nmax do B(n):=A^n: a(n):= add(B(n)[m,k],k=1..9): od: seq(a(n), n=0..nmax);

Table[2^(n+2)-3Fibonacci[n+2],{n,0,30}] (* or *) LinearRecurrence[ {3,-1,-2},{1,2,7},30] (* Harvey P. Dale, Dec 28 2012 *)

G.f.: (1 - x + 2*x^2)/(1 - 3*x + x^2 + 2*x^3).
a(n) = 3*a(n-1) - a(n-2) - 2*a(n-3) with a(0)=1, a(1)=2 and a(2)=7.
a(n) = 2^(n+2) - 3*F(n+2) with F(n)=A000045(n).

A131239 Triangle, T(n,k) = 3A007318(n,k) - 2A046854(n,k), read by rows.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 1, 4, 1, 1, 5, 7, 1, 1, 8, 12, 10, 1, 1, 9, 24, 22, 13, 1, 1, 12, 33, 52, 35, 16, 1, 1, 13, 51, 85, 95, 51, 19, 1, 1, 16, 64, 148, 180, 156, 70, 22, 1, 1, 17, 88, 212, 348, 336, 238, 92, 25, 1, 1, 20, 105, 320, 560, 714, 574, 344, 117, 28, 1, 1, 21, 135, 425, 920, 1274, 1330, 918, 477, 145, 31, 1

Offset: 0

Gary W. Adamson, Jun 21 2007

Row sums = A074878: (1, 2, 6, 14, 32, 70, 239, ...).

A131238 = 2*A007318 - A046854.

			First few rows of the triangle:
  1;
  1,  1;
  1,  4,  1;
  1,  5,  7,  1;
  1,  8, 12, 10,  1;
  1,  9, 24, 22, 13,  1;
  1, 12, 33, 52, 35, 16, 1;
  ...

G. C. Greubel, Rows n = 0..100 of triangle, flattened

Cf. A007318, A046854, A131238, A074878.

B:=Binomial;; Flat(List([0..12], n-> List([0..n], k-> 3*B(n,k) - 2*B(Int((n+k)/2), k) ))); # G. C. Greubel, Jul 12 2019

B:=Binomial; [3*B(n,k) - 2*B(Floor((n+k)/2), k): k in [0..n], n in [0..12]]; // G. C. Greubel, Jul 12 2019

With[{B=Binomial}, Table[3*B[n,k] - 2*B[Floor[(n+k)/2], k], {n,0,12}, {k,0,n}]]//Flatten (* G. C. Greubel, Jul 12 2019 *)

b=binomial; T(n,k) = 3*b(n,k) - 2*b((n+k)\2, k);
for(n=0,12, for(k=0,n, print1(T(n,k), ", "))) \\ G. C. Greubel, Jul 12 2019

b=binomial; [[3*b(n,k) - 2*b(floor((n+k)/2), k) for k in (0..n)] for n in (0..12)] # G. C. Greubel, Jul 12 2019

T(n,k) = 3*A007318(n,k) - 2*A046854(n,k) as infinite lower triangular matrices.

T(n,k) = 3*binomial(n,k) - 2*binomial(floor((n+k)/2), k). - G. C. Greubel, Jul 12 2019

More terms added by G. C. Greubel, Jul 12 2019

cp's OEIS Frontend

A175654 Eight bishops and one elephant on a 3 X 3 chessboard. G.f.: (1 - x - x^2)/(1 - 3*x - x^2 + 6*x^3).

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A074829 Triangle formed by Pascal's rule, except that the n-th row begins and ends with the n-th Fibonacci number.

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A011794 Triangle defined by T(n+1, k) = T(n, k-1) + T(n-1, k), T(n,1) = 1, T(1,k) = 1, T(2,k) = min(2,k).

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A175657 Eight bishops and one elephant on a 3 X 3 chessboard: a(n) = 3*2^n - 2*F(n+1), with F(n) = A000045(n).

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A175660 Eight bishops and one elephant on a 3 X 3 chessboard. a(n) = 2^(n+2) - 3*F(n+2).

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A131239 Triangle, T(n,k) = 3*A007318(n,k) - 2*A046854(n,k), read by rows.

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A175654 Eight bishops and one elephant on a 3 X 3 chessboard. G.f.: (1 - x - x^2)/(1 - 3x - x^2 + 6x^3).

A175657 Eight bishops and one elephant on a 3 X 3 chessboard: a(n) = 32^n - 2F(n+1), with F(n) = A000045(n).

A131239 Triangle, T(n,k) = 3A007318(n,k) - 2A046854(n,k), read by rows.