A086308 -id:A086308 - cp's OEIS frontend

A000055 Number of trees with n unlabeled nodes.

1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 6, 11, 23, 47, 106, 235, 551, 1301, 3159, 7741, 19320, 48629, 123867, 317955, 823065, 2144505, 5623756, 14828074, 39299897, 104636890, 279793450, 751065460, 2023443032, 5469566585, 14830871802, 40330829030, 109972410221, 300628862480, 823779631721, 2262366343746, 6226306037178

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane

Also, number of unlabeled 2-gonal 2-trees with n-1 2-gons, for n>0. [Corrected by Andrei Zabolotskii, Jul 29 2025]
Main diagonal of A054924.
Left border of A157905. - Gary W. Adamson, Mar 08 2009
From Robert Munafo, Jan 24 2010: (Start)
Also counts classifications of n items that require exactly n-1 binary partitions; see Munafo link at A005646, also A171871 and A171872.
The 11 trees for n = 7 are illustrated at the Munafo web link.
Link to A171871/A171872 conjectured by Robert Munafo, then proved by Andrew Weimholt and Franklin T. Adams-Watters on Dec 29 2009. (End)
This is also "Number of tree perfect graphs on n nodes" [see Hougardy]. - N. J. A. Sloane, Dec 04 2015
For n > 0, a(n) is the number of ways to arrange n-1 unlabeled non-intersecting circles on a sphere. - Vladimir Reshetnikov, Aug 25 2016
All trees for n=1 through n=12 are depicted in Chapter 1 of the Steinbach reference. On p. 6 appear encircled two trees (with n=10) which seem inequivalent only when considered as ordered (planar) trees. Earlier instances of such possibly (in)equivalent trees could appear from n=6 on (and from n=9 on without equivalence modulo plane symmetry) but are not drawn separately there. - M. F. Hasler, Aug 29 2017

			a(1) = 1 [o]; a(2) = 1 [o-o]; a(3) = 1 [o-o-o];
a(4) = 2 [o-o-o and o-o-o-o]
            |
            o
G.f. = 1 + x + x^2 + x^3 + 2*x^4 + 3*x^5 + 6*x^6 + 11*x^7 + 23*x^8 + ...

F. Bergeron, G. Labelle and P. Leroux, Combinatorial Species and Tree-Like Structures, Camb. 1998, p. 279.
Miklos Bona, editor, Handbook of Enumerative Combinatorics, CRC Press, 2015, page 55.
N. L. Biggs et al., Graph Theory 1736-1936, Oxford, 1976, p. 49.
A. Cayley, On the analytical forms called trees, with application to the theory of chemical combinations, Reports British Assoc. Advance. Sci. 45 (1875), 257-305 = Math. Papers, Vol. 9, 427-460 (see p. 459).
S. R. Finch, Mathematical Constants, Cambridge, 2003, pp. 295-316.
J. L. Gross and J. Yellen, eds., Handbook of Graph Theory, CRC Press, 2004; p. 526.
F. Harary, Graph Theory. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1969, p. 232.
F. Harary and E. M. Palmer, Graphical Enumeration, Academic Press, NY, 1973, p. 58 and 244.
D. E. Knuth, Fundamental Algorithms, 3d Ed. 1997, pp. 386-88.
R. C. Read and R. J. Wilson, An Atlas of Graphs, Oxford, 1998.
J. Riordan, An Introduction to Combinatorial Analysis, Wiley, 1958, p. 138.
N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

R. J. Mathar and Robert G. Wilson v, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1000
Jeremy C. Adcock, Sam Morley-Short, Joshua W. Silverstone, and Mark G. Thompson, Hard limits on the postselectability of optical graph states, arXiv:1806.03263 [quant-ph], 2018.
H. R. Afshar, E. A. Bergshoeff, and W. Merbis, Interacting spin-2 fields in three dimensions, arXiv preprint arXiv:1410.6164 [hep-th], 2014-2015.
Ruggero Bandiera and Florian Schaetz, Eulerian idempotent, pre-Lie logarithm and combinatorics of trees, arXiv:1702.08907 [math.CO], 2017. Mentions this sequence.
Madeleine Burkhart and Joel Foisy, Enumerating spherical n-links, Involve, Vol. 11 (2018), No. 2, 195-206.
P. J. Cameron, Sequences realized by oligomorphic permutation groups, J. Integ. Seqs. Vol. 3 (2000), #00.1.5.
A. Cayley, On the analytical forms called trees, Amer. J. Math., 4 (1881), 266-268.
CombOS - Combinatorial Object Server, Generate graphs
Benjamin Côté, Hélène Cossette, and Etienne Marceau, Centrality and topology properties in a tree-structured Markov random field, arXiv:2410.20240 [math.ST], 2024. See p. 18.
Antoine Dailly and Tuomo Lehtilä, Reconstructing graphs with subgraph compositions, arXiv:2504.00169 [math.CO], 2025. See p. 28.
R. Ferrer-i-Cancho, Non-crossing dependencies: least effort, not grammar, arXiv preprint arXiv:1411.2645 [cs.CL], 2014.
S. R. Finch, Otter's Tree Enumeration Constants
P. Flajolet and R. Sedgewick, Analytic Combinatorics, 2009; see page 481.
Andrew Gainer-Dewar, Gamma-Species and the Enumeration of k-Trees, Electronic Journal of Combinatorics, Volume 19 (2012), #P45 and arXiv:1208.5993 [math.CO], 2012.
Xiangrui Gao, Song He, and Yong Zhang, Labelled tree graphs, Feynman diagrams and disk integrals arxiv:1708.08701 [hep-th], 2017, see p. 4.
Ira M. Gessel, Good Will Hunting's Problem: Counting Homeomorphically Irreducible Trees, arXiv:2305.03157 [math.CO], 2023.
D. D. Grant, The stability index of graphs, pp. 29-52 of Combinatorial Mathematics (Proceedings 2nd Australian Conf.), Lect. Notes Math. 403, 1974. Gives first 45 terms.
Paul E. Gunnells, Generalized Catalan numbers from hypergraphs, arXiv:2102.05121 [math.CO], 2021. Mentions this sequence p. 3.
T. Hoppe and A. Petrone, Integer sequence discovery from small graphs, arXiv preprint arXiv:1408.3644 [math.CO], 2014.
S. Hougardy, Classes of perfect graphs, Discr. Math. 306 (2006), 2529-2571.
House of Graphs, Trees
Andrew Jobbings, Enumerating nets, Preprint 2015.
Mithra Karamchedu and Lucas Bang, Generating the Spanning Trees of Series-Parallel Graphs up to Graph Automorphism, arXiv:2508.13480 [cs.DS], 2025. See p. 4.
Elena V. Konstantinova and Maxim V. Vidyuk, Discriminating tests of information and topological indices. Animals and trees, J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 43 (2003), 1860-1871. See Table 15, column 1 on page 1868.
G. Labelle, C. Lamathe and P. Leroux, Labeled and unlabeled enumeration of k-gonal 2-trees, arXiv:math/0312424 [math.CO], 2003.
Steve Lawford and Yll Mehmeti, Cliques and a new measure of clustering: with application to U.S. domestic airlines, arXiv:1806.05866 [cs.SI], 2018.
P. Leroux and B. Miloudi, Généralisations de la formule d'Otter, Ann. Sci. Math. Québec, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 53-80, 1992. (Annotated scanned copy)
Gang Li, Generation of Rooted Trees and Free Trees, Comp. Sci. MSc thesis paper, 1996.
R. J. Mathar, Topologically Distinct Sets of Non-intersecting Circles in the Plane, arXiv:1603.00077 [math.CO], 2016.
Richard J. Mathar, Counting Connected Graphs without Overlapping Cycles, arXiv:1808.06264 [math.CO], 2018.
Robert Munafo, Relation to Tree Graphs
R. Otter, The number of trees, Ann. of Math. (2) 49 (1948), 583-599.
Igor Pak, Complexity problems in enumerative combinatorics, arXiv:1803.06636 [math.CO], 2018.
E. M. Palmer and A. J. Schwenk, On the number of trees in a random forest, J. Combin. Theory, B 27 (1979), 109-121.
Sebastian Piec, Krzysztof Malarz and Krzysztof Kulakowski. How to count trees?, arXiv:cond-mat/0501594 [cond-mat.stat-mech], 2005; Int. J. Modern Phys., C16 (2005) 1527-1534.
N. Pippenger, Enumeration of equicolorable trees, SIAM J. Discrete Math., 14 (2001), 93-115.
J. M. Plotkin and J. W. Rosenthal, How to obtain an asymptotic expansion of a sequence from an analytic identity satisfied by its generating function, J. Austral. Math. Soc. (Series A), Vol. 56 (1994), 131-143.
E. M. Rains and N. J. A. Sloane, On Cayley's Enumeration of Alkanes (or 4-Valent Trees), J. Integer Sequences, Vol. 2 (1999), Article 99.1.1.
R. W. Robinson, Letter to N. J. A. Sloane, Jul 29 1980
Yaniv Sadeh, Haim Kaplan, and Uri Zwick, Search Trees on Trees via LP, arXiv:2501.17563 [cs.DS], 2025. See p. 12.
Sage, Common Graphs
A. J. Schwenk, Letter to N. J. A. Sloane, Aug 1972
N. J. A. Sloane, Illustration of initial terms
Peter Steinbach, Field Guide to Simple Graphs, Volume 3, Overview of the following parts: Cover, Front matter, Chapter 1: Trees, Trees (cont'd: pt.2), Trees (cont'd: pt.3), Chapter 2: Centers and Centroids, Chap.2 (cont'd), Chapter 3: Random Trees, Chapter 4: Rooted Trees, Chapter 5: Homeomorphically Irreducible Trees, Chapter 6: Tables (For Volumes 1, 2, 3, 4 of this book see A000088, A008406, A000055, A000664, respectively.)
Ivan Stošić and Ivan Damnjanović, An efficient algorithm for generating transmission irregular trees, arXiv:2502.15453 [cs.DM], 2025. See p. 11.
Tanay Wakhare, Eric Wityk, and Charles R. Johnson. The proportion of trees that are linear, Discrete Mathematics 343.10 (2020): 112008. Also arXiv:1901.08502 [math.CO], 2019-2020. See Tables 1 and 2 (but beware errors).
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Tree
Pascal Welke, Tamás Horváth, and Stefan Wrobel, Probabilistic and exact frequent subtree mining in graphs beyond forests, Machine Learning (2019), 1-28.
Robert Alan Wright, Bruce Richmond, Andrew Odlyzko, and Brendan D. McKay, Constant Time Generation of Free Trees, SIAM Journal of Computing, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 540-548, (1986) [preprint].
Index entries for sequences related to trees
Index entries for "core" sequences

Cf. A000676 (centered trees), A000677 (bicentered trees), A027416 (trees with a centroid), A102011 (trees with a bicentroid), A034853 (refined by diameter), A238414 (refined by maximum vertex degree).
Cf. A000081 (rooted trees), A000272 (labeled trees), A000169 (labeled rooted trees), A212809 (radius of convergence).
Cf. A036361 (labeled 2-trees), A036362 (labeled 3-trees), A036506 (labeled 4-trees), A054581 (unlabeled 2-trees).
Cf. A157904, A157905, A005195 (Euler transform = forests), A095133 (multisets).
Column 0 of A335362 and A034799.
Related to A005646; see A171871 and A171872.
Cf. also A000088, A008406, A051491, A086308.

import Data.List (generic_index)
import Math.OEIS (getSequenceByID)
triangle x = (x * x + x) `div` 2
a000055 n = let {r = genericIndex (fromJust (getSequenceByID "A000081")); (m, nEO) = divMod n 2}
            in  r n - sum (zipWith (*) (map r [0..m]) (map r [n, n-1..]))
                + (1-nEO) * (triangle (r m + 1))
-- Walt Rorie-Baety, Jun 12 2021

N := 30; P := PowerSeriesRing(Rationals(),N+1); f := func< A | x*&*[Exp(Evaluate(A,x^k)/k) : k in [1..N]]>; G := x; for i in [1..N] do G := f(G); end for; G000081 := G; G000055 := 1 + G - G^2/2 + Evaluate(G,x^2)/2; A000055 := Eltseq(G000055); // Geoff Baileu (geoff(AT)maths.usyd.edu.au), Nov 30 2009

G000055 := series(1+G000081-G000081^2/2+subs(x=x^2,G000081)/2,x,31); A000055 := n->coeff(G000055,x,n); # where G000081 is g.f. for A000081 starting with n=1 term
with(numtheory): b:= proc(n) option remember; `if`(n<=1, n, (add(add(d*b(d), d=divisors(j)) *b(n-j), j=1..n-1))/ (n-1)) end: a:= n-> `if`(n=0, 1, b(n) -(add(b(k) *b(n-k), k=0..n) -`if`(irem(n, 2)=0, b(n/2), 0))/2):
seq(a(n), n=0..50);
# Alois P. Heinz, Aug 21 2008
# Program to create b-file b000055.txt:
A000081 := proc(n) option remember; local d, j;
if n <= 1 then n else
    add(add(d*procname(d),d=numtheory[divisors](j))*procname(n-j),j=1..n-1)/(n-1);
fi end:
A000055 := proc(nmax) local a81, n, t, a, j, i ;
a81 := [seq(A000081(i), i=0..nmax)] ; a := [] ;
for n from 0 to nmax do
    if n = 0 then
        t := 1+op(n+1, a81) ;
    else
        t := op(n+1, a81) ;
    fi;
    if type(n, even) then
        t := t-op(1+n/2, a81)^2/2 ;
        t := t+op(1+n/2, a81)/2 ;
    fi;
    for j from 0 to (n-1)/2 do
        t := t-op(j+1, a81)*op(n-j+1, a81) ;
    od:
    a := [op(a), t] ;
od:
a end:
L := A000055(1000) ;
#  R. J. Mathar, Mar 06 2009

s[n_, k_] := s[n, k] = a[n + 1 - k] + If[n < 2k, 0, s[n - k, k]]; a[1] = 1; a[n_] := a[n] = Sum[a[i] s[n-1, i] i, {i, 1, n-1}] / (n-1); Table[a[i] - Sum[a[j] a[i-j], {j, 1, i/2}] + If[OddQ[i], 0, a[i/2] (a[i/2] + 1)/2], {i, 1, 50}] (* Robert A. Russell *)
b[0] = 0; b[1] = 1; b[n_] := b[n] = Sum[d*b[d]*b[n-j], {j, 1, n-1}, {d, Divisors[j]}]/(n-1); a[0] = 1; a[n_] := b[n] - (Sum[b[k]*b[n-k], {k, 0, n}] - If[Mod[n, 2] == 0, b[n/2], 0])/2; Table[a[n], {n, 0, 50}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Apr 09 2014, after Alois P. Heinz *)

{a(n) = local(A, A1, an, i, t); if( n<2, n>=0, an = Vec(A = A1 = 1 + O('x^n)); for(m=2, n, i=m\2; an[m] = sum(k=1, i, an[k] * an[m-k]) + (t = polcoeff( if( m%2, A *= (A1 - 'x^i)^-an[i], A), m-1))); t + if( n%2==0, binomial( -polcoeff(A, i-1), 2)))}; /* Michael Somos */

N=66;  A=vector(N+1, j, 1);
for (n=1, N, A[n+1] = 1/n * sum(k=1, n, sumdiv(k, d, d * A[d]) * A[n-k+1] ) );
A000081=concat([0], A);
H(t)=subst(Ser(A000081, 't), 't, t);
x='x+O('x^N);
Vec( 1 + H(x) - 1/2*( H(x)^2 - H(x^2) ) )
\\ Joerg Arndt, Jul 10 2014

# uses function from A000081
def A000055(n): return 1 if n == 0 else A000081(n)-sum(A000081(i)*A000081(n-i) for i in range(1,n//2+1)) + (0 if n % 2 else (A000081(n//2)+1)*A000081(n//2)//2) # Chai Wah Wu, Feb 03 2022

[len(list(graphs.trees(n))) for n in range(16)] # Peter Luschny, Mar 01 2020

G.f.: A(x) = 1 + T(x) - T^2(x)/2 + T(x^2)/2, where T(x) = x + x^2 + 2*x^3 + ... is the g.f. for A000081.
a(n) ~ A086308 * A051491^n * n^(-5/2). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Jan 04 2013
a(n) = A000081(n) - A217420(n+1), n > 0. - R. J. Mathar, Sep 19 2016
a(n) = A000676(n) + A000677(n). - R. J. Mathar, Aug 13 2018
a(n) = A000081(n) - (Sum_{1<=i<=j, i+j=n} A000081(i)*A000081(j)) + (1-(-1)^(n-1)) * binomial(A000081(n/2)+1,2) / 2 [Li, equation 4.2]. - Walt Rorie-Baety, Jul 05 2021

A051491 Decimal expansion of Otter's rooted tree constant: lim_{n->inf} A000081(n+1)/A000081(n).

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 9, 5, 5, 7, 6, 5, 2, 8, 5, 6, 5, 1, 9, 9, 4, 9, 7, 4, 7, 1, 4, 8, 1, 7, 5, 2, 4, 1, 2, 3, 1, 9, 4, 5, 8, 8, 3, 7, 5, 4, 9, 2, 3, 0, 4, 6, 6, 3, 5, 9, 6, 5, 9, 5, 3, 5, 0, 4, 7, 2, 4, 7, 8, 9, 0, 5, 9, 6, 4, 7, 3, 3, 1, 3, 9, 5, 7, 4, 9, 5, 1, 0, 8, 6, 6, 6, 8, 2, 8, 3, 6, 7, 6, 5, 8, 1, 3, 5, 2, 5, 3

Offset: 1

David Broadhurst

A000055(n) ~ A086308 * A051491^n * n^(-5/2), A000081(n) ~ A187770 * A051491^n * n^(-3/2). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Jan 04 2013

Analytic Combinatorics (Flajolet and Sedgewick, 2009, p. 481) has a wrong value of this constant (2.9955765856). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Jan 04 2013

			2.95576528565199497471481752412319458837549230466359659535...

S. R. Finch, Mathematical Constants, Cambridge, 2003, pp. 295-316.

David Broadhurst, Resurgent Integer Sequences, Rutgers Experimental Math Seminar, Feb 06 2025; Slides.
Amirmohammad Farzaneh, Mihai-Alin Badiu, and Justin P. Coon, On Random Tree Structures, Their Entropy, and Compression, arXiv:2309.09779 [cs.IT], 2023.
S. R. Finch, Otter's Tree Enumeration Constants [Broken link]
S. R. Finch, Otter's Tree Enumeration Constants [Wayback Machine]
P. Flajolet and R. Sedgewick, Analytic Combinatorics, 2009, p. 481
Simon Plouffe, Tree-growth constant to 1800 digits
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Rooted Tree
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Tree
Index entries for sequences related to trees
Index entries for sequences related to rooted trees

Cf. A000081, A051492, A187770, A000055, A086308, A215978, A274082.

digits = 99; max = 250; s[n_, k_] := s[n, k] = a[n+1-k] + If[n < 2*k, 0, s[n-k, k]]; a[1] = 1; a[n_] := a[n] = Sum[a[k]*s[n-1, k]*k, {k, 1, n-1}]/(n-1); A[x_] := Sum[a[k]*x^k, {k, 0, max}]; eq = Log[c] == 1+Sum[A[c^-k]/k, {k, 2, max}]; alpha = c /. FindRoot[eq, {c, 3}, WorkingPrecision -> digits+5]; RealDigits[alpha, 10, digits] // First (* Jean-François Alcover, Sep 24 2014 *)

A187770 Decimal expansion of Otter's asymptotic constant beta for the number of rooted trees.

Original entry on oeis.org

4, 3, 9, 9, 2, 4, 0, 1, 2, 5, 7, 1, 0, 2, 5, 3, 0, 4, 0, 4, 0, 9, 0, 3, 3, 9, 1, 4, 3, 4, 5, 4, 4, 7, 6, 4, 7, 9, 8, 0, 8, 5, 4, 0, 7, 9, 4, 0, 1, 1, 9, 8, 5, 7, 6, 5, 3, 4, 9, 3, 5, 4, 5, 0, 2, 2, 6, 3, 5, 4, 0, 0, 4, 2, 0, 4, 7, 6, 4, 6, 0, 5, 3, 7, 9, 8, 6

Offset: 0

Vaclav Kotesovec, Jan 04 2013

A000081(n) ~ 0.439924012571 * alpha^n * n^(-3/2), alpha = 2.95576528565199497... (see A051491)

			0.43992401257102530404090339143454476479808540794...

Steven R. Finch, Mathematical Constants, Cambridge, 2003, Section 5.6., p.296
D. E. Knuth, Fundamental Algorithms, 3d Ed. 1997, p. 396.

Vaclav Kotesovec, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1799, (this constant was computed by David Broadhurst in November 1999)
David Broadhurst, Resurgent Integer Sequences, Rutgers Experimental Math Seminar, Feb 06 2025; Slides.
Amirmohammad Farzaneh, Mihai-Alin Badiu, and Justin P. Coon, On Random Tree Structures, Their Entropy, and Compression, arXiv:2309.09779 [cs.IT], 2023.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Rooted Tree

Cf. A000081, A051491, A000055, A086308.

digits = 87; max = 250; s[n_, k_] := s[n, k] = a[n+1-k] + If[n < 2*k, 0, s[n-k, k]]; a[1] = 1; a[n_] := a[n] = Sum[a[k]*s[n-1, k]*k, {k, 1, n-1}]/(n-1); A[x_] := Sum[a[k]*x^k, {k, 0, max}]; APrime[x_] := Sum[k*a[k]*x^(k-1), {k, 0, max}]; eq = Log[c] == 1 + Sum[A[c^(-k)]/k, {k, 2, max}]; alpha = c /. FindRoot[eq, {c, 3}, WorkingPrecision -> digits+5]; b = Sqrt[(1 + Sum[APrime[alpha^-k]/alpha^k, {k, 2, max}])/(2*Pi)]; RealDigits[b, 10, digits] // First (* Jean-François Alcover, Sep 24 2014 *)

A035054 Number of forests of identical trees.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 4, 9, 12, 27, 49, 111, 236, 562, 1302, 3172, 7746, 19347, 48630, 123923, 317956, 823178, 2144518, 5623993, 14828075, 39300482, 104636894, 279794753, 751065509, 2023446206, 5469566586, 14830879661, 40330829031, 109972429568, 300628862717

Offset: 0

Christian G. Bower, Oct 15 1998

nonn

Alois P. Heinz, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..750
N. J. A. Sloane, Transforms

Cf. A005195.

with(numtheory):
b:= proc(n) option remember; `if`(n<=1, n,
      (add(add(d*b(d), d=divisors(j))*b(n-j), j=1..n-1))/(n-1))
    end:
g:= proc(n) option remember; local k; `if`(n=0, 1, b(n)-
      (add(b(k)*b(n-k), k=0..n) -`if`(irem(n, 2)=0, b(n/2), 0))/2)
    end:
a:= n-> `if`(n=0, 1, add(g(d), d=divisors(n))):
seq(a(n), n=0..35);  # Alois P. Heinz, May 18 2013

b[n_] := b[n] = If[n <= 1, n, Sum[Sum[d*b[d], {d, Divisors[j]}]*b[n - j], {j, 1, n-1}]/(n-1)]; g[n_] := g[n] = If[n==0, 1, b[n] - (Sum[b[k]*b[n-k], {k, 0, n}] - If[Mod[n, 2]==0, b[n/2], 0])/2]; a[n_] := If[n==0, 1, Sum[ g[d], {d, Divisors[n]}]]; Table[a[n], {n, 0, 35}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Feb 19 2016, after Alois P. Heinz *)

Inverse Moebius transform of A000055.

a(n) ~ c * d^n / n^(5/2), where d = A051491 = 2.9557652856519949747148..., c = A086308 = 0.53494960614230701455... . - Vaclav Kotesovec, Aug 25 2014

A245652 Decimal expansion of a coefficient associated with the asymptotics of the average distance between a vertex and the root of a random rooted tree.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 3, 6, 5, 5, 9, 9, 1, 8, 7, 8, 6, 6, 0, 0, 6, 4, 3, 2, 3, 6, 0, 3, 4, 3, 6, 6, 1, 4, 0, 9, 5, 3, 4, 4, 7, 3, 4, 3, 8, 2, 2, 8, 7, 5, 0, 3, 4, 3, 8, 3, 3, 2, 6, 1, 6, 7, 2, 6, 3, 8, 1, 5, 6, 8, 4, 3, 1, 1, 4, 7, 2, 4, 7, 9, 4, 4, 7, 9, 4, 8, 7, 4, 8

Offset: 1

Jean-François Alcover, Jul 28 2014

			1.1365599187866006432360343661409534473438228750343833261672638156843...

Steven R. Finch, Mathematical Constants, Cambridge University Press, 2003, Section 5.6 Otter's Tree Enumeration Constants, pp. 304, 308.

Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Tree.

Cf. A086308, A245653.

beta = 0.53494960614230701455037971105206839814311651405699009397707681023752321788064067239783; (* after A086308 and Vaclav Kotesovec's computation *) RealDigits[(1/2)*(2*Pi/beta)^(1/3), 10, 85] // First

Average distance for n vertices ~ (1/2)*(2*Pi/beta)^(1/3)*n^(1/2).

A245653 Decimal expansion of a coefficient associated with the asymptotics of the variance of the distance between a vertex and the root of a random rooted tree.

Original entry on oeis.org

3, 5, 2, 9, 6, 2, 2, 2, 2, 9, 0, 5, 8, 7, 7, 1, 1, 1, 6, 0, 8, 0, 3, 4, 8, 7, 4, 4, 0, 4, 9, 9, 6, 1, 2, 9, 2, 9, 2, 7, 5, 2, 5, 3, 9, 5, 3, 0, 6, 2, 3, 2, 2, 3, 3, 8, 9, 5, 6, 7, 2, 5, 5, 8, 1, 9, 7, 6, 2, 7, 4, 0, 5, 8, 3, 3, 4, 8, 6, 4, 6, 1, 0, 4, 1

Offset: 0

Jean-François Alcover, Jul 28 2014

			0.35296222290587711160803487440499612929275253953062322338956725581976274...

Steven R. Finch, Mathematical Constants, Cambridge University Press, 2003, Section 5.6 Otter's Tree Enumeration Constants, p. 304.

Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Tree.

Cf. A086308, A245652.

beta = 0.53494960614230701455037971105206839814311651405699009397707681023752321788064067239783; (* after A086308 and Vaclav Kotesovec's computation *) RealDigits[((4-Pi)/(4*Pi))*(2*Pi/beta)^(2/3), 10, 85] // First

Variance of distance for n vertices ~ ((4-Pi)/(4*Pi))*(2*Pi/beta)^(2/3)*n.

A261875 Decimal expansion of the coefficient 'gamma' (see formula) appearing in Otter's result concerning the asymptotics of T_n, the number of non-isomorphic rooted trees of order n.

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 6, 8, 1, 1, 2, 8, 1, 4, 7, 2, 6, 7, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 8, 5, 7, 7, 3, 2, 8, 7, 8, 3, 7, 0, 3, 9, 3, 7, 0, 9, 3, 5, 4, 1, 7, 5, 3, 4, 7, 2, 0, 1, 1, 6, 1, 6, 6, 3, 5, 2, 7, 4, 9, 7, 0, 2, 5, 8, 8, 6, 4, 0, 2, 8, 4, 0, 3, 6, 5, 1, 6, 5, 3, 4, 5, 0, 6, 7, 2, 3, 9, 2, 0, 8, 5, 5, 8, 7, 7, 5, 9, 9, 1, 1

Offset: 1

Jean-François Alcover, Sep 04 2015

			2.68112814726711223857732878370393709354175347201161663527497...

Steven R. Finch, Mathematical Constants, Cambridge University Press, 2003, Section 5.6 Otter's tree enumeration constants, p. 296.

Cf. A000055, A000081, A051491, A086308, A187770.

digits = 100; max = 250; Clear[s, a]; s[n_, k_] := s[n, k] = a[n + 1 - k] + If[n < 2*k, 0, s[n-k, k]]; a[1] = 1; a[n_] := a[n] = Sum[a[k]*s[n-1, k]*k, {k, 1, n-1}]/(n-1); A[x_] := Sum[a[k]*x^k, {k, 0, max}]; APrime[x_] := Sum[k*a[k]*x^(k-1), {k, 0, max}]; eq = Log[c] == 1 + Sum[A[c^-k]/k, {k, 2, max}]; alpha = c /. FindRoot[eq, {c, 3}, WorkingPrecision -> digits+5]; beta = (1+Sum[APrime[alpha^(-k)]/alpha^k, {k, 2, max}])^(3/2)/Sqrt[2*Pi]; gamma = 2^(2/3)*Pi^(1/6)*beta^(1/3) * Sqrt[alpha]; RealDigits[gamma, 10, digits] // First

Lim_{n->infinity} T_n*n^(3/2)/alpha^n = (beta/(2 Pi))^(1/3) = (1/(4 Pi alpha))^(1/2)*gamma, where alpha is A051491 and beta is A086308.

gamma = 2^(2/3)*Pi^(1/6)*beta^(1/3)*sqrt(alpha).

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A000055 Number of trees with n unlabeled nodes.

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A051491 Decimal expansion of Otter's rooted tree constant: lim_{n->inf} A000081(n+1)/A000081(n).

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A187770 Decimal expansion of Otter's asymptotic constant beta for the number of rooted trees.

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A035054 Number of forests of identical trees.

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A245652 Decimal expansion of a coefficient associated with the asymptotics of the average distance between a vertex and the root of a random rooted tree.

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A245653 Decimal expansion of a coefficient associated with the asymptotics of the variance of the distance between a vertex and the root of a random rooted tree.

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A261875 Decimal expansion of the coefficient 'gamma' (see formula) appearing in Otter's result concerning the asymptotics of T_n, the number of non-isomorphic rooted trees of order n.

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