cp's OEIS Frontend

Discriminant = -132.

Consider the quadratic form f(x,y) = ax^2 + bxy + cy^2. When the discriminant d=b^2-4ac is -4 times an idoneal number (A000926), there is exactly one class for each genus. As a result, the primes generated by f(x,y) are the same as the primes congruent to S (mod -d), where S is a set of numbers less than -d. The table on page 60 of Cox shows that there are exactly 331 quadratic forms having this property. The 217 sequences starting with this one complete the collection in the OEIS.

When a=1 and b=0, f(x,y) is a quadratic form whose congruences are discussed in A139642. Let N be an idoneal number. Then there are 2^r reduced quadratic forms whose discriminant is -4N, where r=1,2,3, or 4. By collecting the residuals p (mod 4N) for primes p generated by the i-th reduced quadratic form, we can empirically find a set Si. To show that the 2^r sets Si are complete, we only need to show that the union of the Si is equal to the set of numbers k such that the Jacobi symbol (-k/4N)=1.

There are many equivalent definitions of these numbers. Based on Cox, Theorem 3.22 and Proposition 3.24 and a comment by Eric Rains (rains(AT)caltech.edu), we can say that a positive number n belongs to this sequence if and only if any of the following equivalent statements is true:

(1) Let m > 1 be an odd number relatively prime to n which can be written in the form x^2 + n*y^2 with x, y relatively prime. If the equation m = x^2 + n*y^2 has only one solution with x, y >= 0, then m is a prime number. [Euler]

(2) Every genus of quadratic forms of discriminant -4n consists of a single class. [Gauss]

(3) If a*x^2 + b*x*y + c*y^2 is a reduced quadratic form of discriminant -4n, then either b=0, a=b or a = c. [Cox]

(4) Two quadratic forms of discriminant -4n are equivalent if and only if they are properly equivalent. [Cox]

(5) The class group C(-4n) is isomorphic to (Z/2Z)^m for some integer m. [Cox]

(6) n is not of the form ab+ac+bc with 0 < a < b < c. (See proof in link below.) [Rains]

It is conjectured that the list given here is complete. Chowla showed that the list is finite and Weinberger showed that there is at most one further term.

If an additional term exists it is > 100000000. - Jud McCranie, Jun 27 2005

The terms shown are the union of {1,2,3,4,7}, A033266, A033267, A033268 and A033269 (corresponding to class numbers 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 respectively).

Note that for n in this sequence, n+1 is either a prime, twice a prime, the square of a prime, 8 or 16. - T. D. Noe, Apr 08 2004. [This is a general theorem that is not hard to prove using genus theory. The "32" in the original comment was an error. - Tom Hagedorn (hagedorn(AT)tcnj.edu), Dec 29 2008]

Also numbers n such that for all primes p such that p is a quadratic residue (mod 4*n) and p-n is a quadratic residue (mod 4*n), p can be uniquely written into the form as x^2+n*y^2. - V. Raman, Nov 25 2013

Discriminant=-408. N is an idoneal number (A000926), which means that the quadratic form's genus consists of a single class, which means that the primes of this form are identical to the primes that are congruent to c (mod 4N), where c is a set of numbers less than 4N. The sequence A139642 lists the set c for each idoneal number. That sequence also cross references the sequences for the quadratic forms with N equal to the first 36 idoneal numbers. The remaining quadratic forms are this sequence and the 28 listed in order below. Note that the sequences for N=120 and 240 are the same.

The primes are congruent to {1, 25, 49, 55, 103, 121, 127, 145, 151, 169, 217, 223, 247, 271, 319, 361} (mod 408).

Presumably this is the same as primes congruent to 1 mod 24, so a(n) = 24*A111174(n) + 1. - N. J. A. Sloane, Jul 11 2008. Checked for all terms up to 2 million. - Vladimir Joseph Stephan Orlovsky, May 18 2011.

Discriminant = -96.

Also primes of the forms x^2 + 48*y^2 and x^2 + 72*y^2. See A140633. - T. D. Noe, May 19 2008

Primes of the quadratic form are a subset of the primes congruent to 1 (mod 24). [Proof. For 0 <= x, y <= 23, the only values mod 24 that x^2 + 24*y^2 can take are 0, 1, 4, 9, 12 or 16. All of these r except 1 have gcd(r, 24) > 1 so if x^2 + 24*y^2 is prime its remainder mod 24 must be 1.] - David A. Corneth, Jun 08 2020

More advanced mathematics seems to be needed to determine whether this sequence lists all primes congruent to 1 (mod 24). Note the significance of 24 being a convenient number, as described in A000926. See also Sloane et al., Binary Quadratic Forms and OEIS, which explains how the table in A139642 may be used for this determination. - Peter Munn, Jun 21 2020

Primes == 1 (mod 2^3*3) are the intersection of the primes == 1 (mod 2^3) in A007519 and the primes == 1 (mod 3) in A002476, by the Chinese remainder theorem. - R. J. Mathar, Jun 11 2020