cp's OEIS Frontend

This is a front-end for the Online Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, made by Christian Perfect. The idea is to provide OEIS entries in non-ancient HTML, and then to think about how they're presented visually. The source code is on GitHub.

Showing 1-6 of 6 results.

A002182 Highly composite numbers: numbers n where d(n), the number of divisors of n (A000005), increases to a record.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 120, 180, 240, 360, 720, 840, 1260, 1680, 2520, 5040, 7560, 10080, 15120, 20160, 25200, 27720, 45360, 50400, 55440, 83160, 110880, 166320, 221760, 277200, 332640, 498960, 554400, 665280, 720720, 1081080, 1441440, 2162160
Offset: 1

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Author

Keywords

Comments

Where record values of d(n) occur: d(n) > d(k) for all k < n.
A002183 is the RECORDS transform of A000005, i.e., lists the corresponding values d(n) for n in A002182.
Flammenkamp's page also has a copy of the missing Siano paper.
Highly composite numbers are the product of primorials, A002110. See A112779 for the number of primorial terms in the product of a highly composite number. - Jud McCranie, Jun 12 2005
Sigma and tau for highly composite numbers through the 146th entry conform to a power fit as follows: log(sigma)=A*log(tau)^B where (A,B) =~ (1.45,1.38). - Bill McEachen, May 24 2006
a(n) often corresponds to P(n,m) = number of permutations of n things taken m at a time. Specifically, if start=1, pointers 1-6, 9, 10, 13-15, 17-19, 22, 23, 28, 34, 37, 43, 52, ... An example is a(37)=665280, which is P(12,6)=12!/(12-6)!. - Bill McEachen, Feb 09 2009
Concerning the previous comment, if m=1, then P(n,m) can represent any number. So let's assume m > 1. Searching the first 1000 terms, the only indices of terms of the form P(n,m) are 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 22, 23, 27, 28, 31, 34, 37, 41, 43, 44, 47, 50, 52, and 54. Note that a(44) = 4324320 = P(2079,2). See A163264. - T. D. Noe, Jun 10 2009
A large number of highly composite numbers have 9 as their digit root. - Parthasarathy Nambi, Jun 07 2009
Because 9 divides all highly composite numbers greater than 1680, those numbers have digital root 9. - T. D. Noe, Jul 24 2009
See A181309 for highly composite numbers that are not highly abundant.
a(n) is also defined by the recurrence: a(1) = 1, a(n+1)/sigma(a(n+1)) < a(n) / sigma(a(n)). - Michel Lagneau, Jan 02 2012 [NOTE: This "definition" is wrong (a(20)=7560 does not satisfy this inequality) and incomplete: It does not determine a sequence uniquely, e.g., any subsequence would satisfy the same relation. The intended meaning is probably the definition of the (different) sequence A004394. - M. F. Hasler, Sep 13 2012]
Up to a(1000), the terms beyond a(5) = 12 resp. beyond a(9) = 60 are a multiples of these. Is this true for all subsequent terms? - M. F. Hasler, Sep 13 2012 [Yes: see EXAMPLE in A199337! - M. F. Hasler, Jan 03 2020]
Differs from the superabundant numbers from a(20)=7560 on, which is not in A004394. The latter is not a subsequence of A002182, as might appear from considering the displayed terms: The two sequences have only 449 terms in common, the largest of which is A002182(2567) = A004394(1023). See A166735 for superabundant numbers that are not highly composite, and A004394 for further information. - M. F. Hasler, Sep 13 2012
Subset of A067128 and of A025487. - David A. Corneth, May 16 2016, Jan 03 2020
It seems that a(n) +- 1 is often prime. For n <= 1000 there are 210 individual primes and 17 pairs of twin primes. See link to Lim's paper below. - Dmitry Kamenetsky, Mar 02 2019
There are infinitely many numbers in this sequence and a(n+1) <= 2*a(n), because it is sufficient to multiply a(n) by 2 to get a number having more divisors. (This proves Guess 0 in the Lim paper.) For n = (1, 2, 4, 5, 9, 13, 18, ...) one has equality in this bound, but asymptotically a(n+1)/a(n) goes to 1, cf. formula due to Erdős. See A068507 for the terms such that a(n)+-1 are twin primes. - M. F. Hasler, Jun 23 2019
Conjecture: For n > 7, a(n) is a Zumkeller number (A083207). Verified for n up to and including 48. If this conjecture is true, one may base on it an alternative proof of the fact that for n>7 a(n) is not a perfect square (see Fact 5, Rao/Peng arXiv link at A083207). - Ivan N. Ianakiev, Jun 29 2019
The conjecture above is true (see the proof in the "Links" section). - Ivan N. Ianakiev, Jan 31 2020
The first instance of omega(a(n)) < omega(a(n-1)) (omega = A001221: number of prime divisors) is at a(26) = 45360. Up to n = 10^4, 1759 terms have this property, but omega decreases by 2 only at indices n = 5857, 5914 and 5971. - M. F. Hasler, Jan 02 2020
Inequality (54) in Ramanujan (1915) implies that for any m there is n* such that m | a(n) for all n > n*: see A199337 for the proof. - M. F. Hasler, Jan 03 2020

Examples

			a(5) = 12 is in the sequence because A000005(12) is larger than any earlier value in A000005. - _M. F. Hasler_, Jan 03 2020
		

References

  • CRC Press Standard Mathematical Tables, 28th Ed, p. 61.
  • J.-M. De Koninck, Ces nombres qui nous fascinent, Entry 180, p. 56, Ellipses, Paris 2008.
  • L. E. Dickson, History of Theory of Numbers, I, p. 323.
  • Ross Honsberger, An introduction to Ramanujan's Highly Composite Numbers, Chap. 14 pp. 193-200 Mathematical Gems III, DME no. 9 MAA 1985
  • Jean-Louis Nicolas, On highly composite numbers, pp. 215-244 in Ramanujan Revisited, Editors G. E. Andrews et al., Academic Press 1988
  • N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
  • N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).
  • James J. Tattersall, Elementary Number Theory in Nine Chapters, Cambridge University Press, 1999, page 88.
  • David Wells, The Penguin Dictionary of Curious and Interesting Numbers. Penguin Books, NY, 1986, 128.

Crossrefs

Cf. A261100 (a left inverse).
Cf. A002808. - Peter J. Marko, Aug 16 2018
Cf. A279930 (highly composite and highly Brazilian).
Cf. A068507 (terms such that a(n)+-1 are twin primes).
Cf. A199337 (number of terms not divisible by n).

Programs

  • Mathematica
    a = 0; Do[b = DivisorSigma[0, n]; If[b > a, a = b; Print[n]], {n, 1, 10^7}]
    (* Convert A. Flammenkamp's 779674-term dataset; first, decompress, rename "HCN.txt": *)
    a = Times @@ {Times @@ Prime@ Range@ ToExpression@ First@ #1, If[# == {}, 1, Times @@ MapIndexed[Prime[First@ #2]^#1 &, #]] &@ DeleteCases[-1 + Flatten@ Map[If[StringFreeQ[#, "^"], ToExpression@ #, ConstantArray[#1, #2] & @@ ToExpression@ StringSplit[#, "^"]] &, #2], 0]} & @@ TakeDrop[StringSplit@ #, 1] & /@ Import["HCN.txt", "Data"] (* Michael De Vlieger, May 08 2018 *)
    DeleteDuplicates[Table[{n,DivisorSigma[0,n]},{n,2163000}],GreaterEqual[ #1[[2]],#2[[2]]]&] [[All,1]] (* Harvey P. Dale, May 13 2022 *)
    NestList[Function[last,
      Module[{d = DivisorSigma[0, last]},
       NestWhile[# + 1 &, last, DivisorSigma[0, #] <= d &]]], 1, 40] (* Steven Lu, Mar 30 2023 *)
  • PARI
    print1(r=1); forstep(n=2,1e5,2, if(numdiv(n)>r, r=numdiv(n); print1(", "n))) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Jun 10 2011
    
  • PARI
    v002182 = [1]/*vector for memoization*/; A002182(n, i = #v002182) ={ if(n > i, v002182 = Vec(v002182, n); my(k = v002182[i], d, s=1); until(i == n, d = numdiv(k); s<60 && k>=60 && s=60; until(numdiv(k += s) > d,); v002182[i++] = k); k, v002182[n])} \\ Antti Karttunen, Jun 06 2017; edited by M. F. Hasler, Jan 03 2020 and Jun 20 2022
    
  • PARI
    is_A002182(n, a=1, b=1)={while(n>A002182(b*=2), a*=2); until(a>b, my(m=(a+b)\2, t=A002182(m)); if(tn, b=m-1, return(m)))} \\ Also used in other sequences. - M. F. Hasler, Jun 20 2022
    
  • Python
    from sympy import divisor_count
    A002182_list, r = [], 0
    for i in range(1,10**4):
        d = divisor_count(i)
        if d > r:
            r = d
            A002182_list.append(i) # Chai Wah Wu, Mar 23 2015

Formula

Also, for n >= 2, smallest values of p for which A006218(p)-A006318(p-1) = A002183(n). - Philippe LALLOUET (philip.lallouet(AT)wanadoo.fr), Jun 23 2007
a(n+1) < a(n) * (1+log(a(n))^-c) for some positive c (see Erdős). - David A. Corneth, May 16 2016
a(n) = A108951(A329902(n)). - Antti Karttunen, Jan 08 2020
a(n+1) <= 2*a(n). For cases where the equal sign holds, see A072938. - A.H.M. Smeets, Jul 10 2021
Sum_{n>=1} 1/a(n) = A352418. - Amiram Eldar, Mar 24 2022

Extensions

Jun 19 1996: Changed beginning to start at 1.
Jul 10 1996: Matthew Conroy points out that these are different from the super-abundant numbers - see A004394. Last 8 terms sent by J. Lowell; checked by Jud McCranie.
Description corrected by Gerard Schildberger and N. J. A. Sloane, Apr 04 2001
Additional references from Lekraj Beedassy, Jul 24 2001

A004394 Superabundant [or super-abundant] numbers: n such that sigma(n)/n > sigma(m)/m for all m < n, sigma(n) being A000203(n), the sum of the divisors of n.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 120, 180, 240, 360, 720, 840, 1260, 1680, 2520, 5040, 10080, 15120, 25200, 27720, 55440, 110880, 166320, 277200, 332640, 554400, 665280, 720720, 1441440, 2162160, 3603600, 4324320, 7207200, 8648640, 10810800, 21621600
Offset: 1

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Keywords

Comments

Matthew Conroy points out that these are different from the highly composite numbers - see A002182. Jul 10 1996
With respect to the comment above, neither sequence is subsequence of the other. - Ivan N. Ianakiev, Feb 11 2020
Also n such that sigma_{-1}(n) > sigma_{-1}(m) for all m < n, where sigma_{-1}(n) is the sum of the reciprocals of the divisors of n. - Matthew Vandermast, Jun 09 2004
Ramanujan (1997, Section 59; written in 1915) called these numbers "generalized highly composite." Alaoglu and Erdős (1944) changed the terminology to "superabundant." - Jonathan Sondow, Jul 11 2011
Alaoglu and Erdős show that: (1) n is superabundant => n=2^{e_2} * 3^{e_3} * ...* p^{e_p}, with e_2 >= e_3 >= ... >= e_p (and e_p is 1 unless n=4 or n=36); (2) if q < r are primes, then | e_r - floor(e_q*log(q)/log(r)) | <= 1; (3) q^{e_q} < 2^{e_2+2} for primes q, 2 < q <= p. - Keith Briggs, Apr 26 2005
It follows from Alaoglu and Erdős finding 1 (above) that, for n > 7, a(n) is a Zumkeller Number (A083207); for details, see Proposition 9 and Corollary 5 at Rao/Peng link (below). - Ivan N. Ianakiev, Feb 11 2020
See A166735 for superabundant numbers that are not highly composite, and A189228 for superabundant numbers that are not colossally abundant.
Pillai called these numbers "highly abundant numbers of the 1st order". - Amiram Eldar, Jun 30 2019

References

  • R. Honsberger, Mathematical Gems, M.A.A., 1973, p. 112.
  • J. Sandor, "Abundant numbers", In: M. Hazewinkel, Encyclopedia of Mathematics, Supplement III, Kluwer Acad. Publ., 2002 (see pp. 19-21).
  • James J. Tattersall, Elementary Number Theory in Nine Chapters, Cambridge University Press, 1999, page 147.
  • David Wells, The Penguin Dictionary of Curious and Interesting Numbers. Penguin Books, NY, 1986, 128.

Crossrefs

Almost the same as A077006.
The colossally abundant numbers A004490 are a subsequence, as are A023199.
Subsequence of A025487; apart from a(3) = 4 and a(7) = 36, a subsequence of A102750.
Cf. A112974 (number of superabundant numbers between colossally abundant numbers).
Cf. A091901 (Robin's inequality), A189686 (superabundant and the reverse of Robin's inequality), A192884 (non-superabundant and the reverse of Robin's inequality).

Programs

Formula

a(n+1) <= 2*a(n). - A.H.M. Smeets, Jul 10 2021

Extensions

Name edited by Peter Munn, Mar 13 2019

A166981 Superabundant numbers (A004394) that are highly composite (A002182).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 120, 180, 240, 360, 720, 840, 1260, 1680, 2520, 5040, 10080, 15120, 25200, 27720, 55440, 110880, 166320, 277200, 332640, 554400, 665280, 720720, 1441440, 2162160, 3603600, 4324320, 7207200, 8648640, 10810800
Offset: 1

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Author

T. D. Noe, Oct 26 2009

Keywords

Comments

The intersection of superabundant and highly composite numbers has exactly 449 terms, the largest of which is 2^10 * 3^6 * 5^4 * 7^3 * 11^3 * 13^2 * 17^2 * 19^2 * 23^2 * 29 * 31 * 37*...*347.
The argument showing that this is a finite sequence seems to be given in A166735. - N. J. A. Sloane, Jan 04 2019
Pillai proved that this sequence is finite and asked for its number of terms (he used the term "highly abundant" for superabundant numbers). - Amiram Eldar, Jun 30 2019
From Michael De Vlieger, Dec 29 2020: (Start)
All terms are products of primorials (numbers in A002110), thus, all terms are also in A025487, itself a subsequence of A055932.
Since the colossally abundant numbers (CA, A004490) are also superabundant, and since the superior highly composite (SHC A002201) numbers are also highly composite, the finite sequence A224078 containing numbers both CA and SHC is a subsequence of this sequence. Likewise, A304234 (numbers that are SA, HC, & SHC but not CA) and A304235 (numbers that are SA, HC, & CA but not SHC), and A338786 (SA and HC, but neither CA nor SHC) are mutually exclusive finite subsequences of this sequence. (End)

Crossrefs

Cf. A002110, A002182, A004394, A025487, A055932, A166735 (SA numbers that are not HC numbers), A224078, A304234, A304235, A308913, A338786.

A189228 Superabundant numbers (A004394) that are not colossally abundant (A004490).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 4, 24, 36, 48, 180, 240, 720, 840, 1260, 1680, 10080, 15120, 25200, 27720, 110880, 166320, 277200, 332640, 554400, 665280, 2162160, 3603600, 7207200, 8648640, 10810800, 36756720, 61261200, 73513440, 122522400, 147026880, 183783600, 698377680, 735134400
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Jonathan Sondow, Jun 07 2011

Keywords

Comments

All colossally abundant (CA) numbers are also superabundant (SA). (Proof. If n is CA and k < n, then sigma(n)/n = n^{epsilon}*sigma(n)/n^{1+epsilon} >= n^{epsilon}*sigma(k)/k^{1+epsilon} > k^{epsilon}*sigma(k)/k^{1+epsilon} = sigma(k)/k, and so n is SA.)

Crossrefs

Cf. A112974 (Number of superabundant numbers between two consecutive colossally abundant numbers) and A166735 (Superabundant numbers that are not highly composite).

A308913 Highly composite numbers (A002182) that are not superabundant numbers (A004394).

Original entry on oeis.org

7560, 20160, 45360, 50400, 83160, 221760, 498960, 1081080, 2882880, 6486480, 14414400, 17297280, 32432400, 43243200, 110270160, 245044800, 294053760, 551350800, 2095133040, 2205403200, 4655851200, 5587021440, 10475665200, 64250746560, 73329656400, 97772875200
Offset: 1

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Author

Amiram Eldar, Jun 30 2019

Keywords

Comments

Pillai noted in 1941 that 7560 is the first term of this sequence. He also asked for the opposite sequence and wondered whether its first term (A166735(1) = 1163962800) is within the reach of modern computation.
Since the sequence of superabundant numbers that are also highly composite, A166981, is finite, this sequence contains all the highly composite numbers above A002182(2567) = A004394(1023).

Crossrefs

Programs

  • Mathematica
    seq = {}; dm = 0; sm = 0; Do[d = DivisorSigma[0, n]; s = DivisorSigma[1, n]; If[d > dm, dm = d]; If[s > s, sm = s, AppendTo[seq, n]], {n, 1, 3000000}]; seq

Formula

a(2118+i) = A002182(2567+i) for i > 0.

A340840 Union of the highly composite and superabundant numbers.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 120, 180, 240, 360, 720, 840, 1260, 1680, 2520, 5040, 7560, 10080, 15120, 20160, 25200, 27720, 45360, 50400, 55440, 83160, 110880, 166320, 221760, 277200, 332640, 498960, 554400, 665280, 720720, 1081080, 1441440, 2162160, 2882880
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Michael De Vlieger, Jan 27 2021

Keywords

Comments

Numbers m that set records in A000005 and numbers k that set records for the ratio A000203(k)/k, sorted, with duplicates removed.
All terms are in A025487, since all terms in A002182 and A004394 are products of primorials P in A002110.
For numbers that are highly composite but not superabundant, see A308913; for numbers that are superabundant but not highly composite, see A166735. - Jon E. Schoenfield, Jun 14 2021

Crossrefs

Programs

  • Mathematica
    (* Load the function f[] at A025487, then: *) Block[{t = Union@ Flatten@ f[15], a = {}, b = {}, d = 0, s = 0}, Do[(If[#2 > d, d = #2; AppendTo[a, #1]]; If[#3/#1 > s, s = #3/#1; AppendTo[b, #1]]) & @@ Flatten@ {t[[i]], DivisorSigma[{0, 1}, t[[i]]]}, {i, Length@ t}]; Union[a, b]]
Showing 1-6 of 6 results.