A227302 -id:A227302 - cp's OEIS frontend

A007691 Multiply-perfect numbers: n divides sigma(n).

1, 6, 28, 120, 496, 672, 8128, 30240, 32760, 523776, 2178540, 23569920, 33550336, 45532800, 142990848, 459818240, 1379454720, 1476304896, 8589869056, 14182439040, 31998395520, 43861478400, 51001180160, 66433720320, 137438691328, 153003540480, 403031236608

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane, Robert G. Wilson v

sigma(n)/n is in A054030.
Also numbers such that the sum of the reciprocals of the divisors is an integer. - Harvey P. Dale, Jul 24 2001
Luca's solution of problem 11090, which proves that for k>1 there are an infinite number of n such that n divides sigma_k(n), does not apply to this sequence. However, it is conjectured that this sequence is also infinite. - T. D. Noe, Nov 04 2007
Numbers k such that sigma(k) is divisible by all divisors of k, subsequence of A166070. - Jaroslav Krizek, Oct 06 2009
A017666(a(n)) = 1. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Apr 06 2012
Bach, Miller, & Shallit show that this sequence can be recognized in polynomial time with arbitrarily small error by a probabilistic Turing machine; that is, this sequence is in BPP. - Charles R Greathouse IV, Jun 21 2013
Conjecture: If n is such that 2^n-1 is in A066175 then a(n) is a triangular number. - Ivan N. Ianakiev, Aug 26 2013
Conjecture: Every multiply-perfect number is practical (A005153). I've verified this conjecture for the first 5261 terms with abundancy > 2 using Achim Flammenkamp's data. The even perfect numbers are easily shown to be practical, but every practical number > 1 is even, so a weak form says every even multiply-perfect number is practical. - Jaycob Coleman, Oct 15 2013
Numbers such that A054024(n) = 0. - Michel Marcus, Nov 16 2013
Numbers n such that k(n) = A229110(n) = antisigma(n) mod n = A024816(n) mod n = A000217(n) mod n = (n(n+1)/2) mod n = A142150(n). k(n) = n/2 for even n; k(n) = 0 for odd n (for number 1 and eventually odd multiply-perfect numbers n > 1). - Jaroslav Krizek, May 28 2014
The only terms m > 1 of this sequence that are not in A145551 are m for which sigma(m)/m is not a divisor of m. Conjecture: after 1, A323653 lists all such m (and no other numbers). - Antti Karttunen, Mar 19 2021

			120 is OK because divisors of 120 are {1,2,3,4,5,6,8,10,12,15,20,24,30,40,60,120}, the sum of which is 360=120*3.

A. H. Beiler, Recreations in the Theory of Numbers, Dover, NY, 1964, p. 22.
J. Roberts, Lure of the Integers, Math. Assoc. America, 1992, p. 176.
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).
I. Stewart, L'univers des nombres, "Les nombres multiparfaits", Chapter 15, pp. 82-88, Belin-Pour La Science, Paris 2000.
James J. Tattersall, Elementary Number Theory in Nine Chapters, Cambridge University Press, 1999, pages 141-148.
David Wells, The Penguin Dictionary of Curious and Interesting Numbers, Penguin Books, 1987, pp. 135-136.

T. D. Noe, Table of n, a(n) for n=1..1600 (using Flammenkamp's data)
Abiodun E. Adeyemi, A Study of @-numbers, arXiv:1906.05798 [math.NT], 2019.
Anonymous, Multiply Perfect Numbers [broken link]
Eric Bach, Gary Miller, and Jeffrey Shallit, Sums of divisors perfect numbers and factoring, SIAM J. Comput. 15:4 (1986), pp. 1143-1154.
Robert D. Carmichael, A table of multiply perfect numbers, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 13 (1907), 383-386.
Farideh Firoozbakht and Maximilian F. Hasler, Variations on Euclid's formula for Perfect Numbers, JIS 13 (2010) #10.3.1.
Achim Flammenkamp, The Multiply Perfect Numbers Page
Luis H. Gallardo and Olivier Rahavandrainy, On (unitary) perfect polynomials over F_2 with only Mersenne primes as odd divisors, arXiv:1908.00106 [math.NT], 2019.
Shyam Sunder Gupta, Perfect, Multiply Perfect, and Sociable Numbers, Exploring the Beauty of Fascinating Numbers, Springer (2025) Ch. 6, 185-207.
Florian Luca and John Ferdinands, Problem 11090: Sometimes n divides sigma_k(n), Amer. Math. Monthly 113:4 (2006), pp. 372-373.
Walter Nissen, Abundancy : Some Resources
Kaitlin Rafferty and Judy Holdener, On the form of perfect and multiperfect numbers, Pi Mu Epsilon Journal, Vol. 13, No. 5 (Fall 2011), pp. 291-298.
Maxie D. Schmidt, Exact Formulas for the Generalized Sum-of-Divisors Functions, arXiv:1705.03488 [math.NT], 2017. See p. 11.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Abundancy
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Hyperperfect Number.
Index entries for sequences where any odd perfect numbers must occur

Complement is A054027. Cf. A000203, A054030.
Cf. A000396, A005820, A027687, A046060, A046061, for subsequences of terms with quotient sigma(n)/n = 2..6.
Other subsequences: A046985, A046986, A046987, A047728, A065997, A066289, (A076231, A076233, A076234), A088844, A088845, A088846, A091443, A114887, A166069, A245782, A260508, A306667, (A325021 U A325022), (A325023 U A325024), (A325025 U A325026), A325637, A323653, A330532, (A330533 U A331724), A336702, A341045.
Subsequence of the following sequences: A011775, A071707, A083865, A089748 (after the initial 1), A102783, A166070, A175200, A225110, A226476, A237719, A245774, A246454, A259307, A263928, A282775, A323652, A336745, A340864. Also conjectured to be a subsequence of A005153, of A307740, and after 1 also of A295078.
Various number-theoretical functions applied to these numbers: A088843 [tau], A098203 [phi], A098204 [gcd(a(n),phi(a(n)))], A134665 [2-adic valuation], A307741 [sigma], A308423 [product of divisors], A320024 [the odd part], A134740 [omega], A342658 [bigomega], A342659 [smallest prime not dividing], A342660 [largest prime divisor].
Positions of ones in A017666, A019294, A094701, A227470, of zeros in A054024, A082901, A173438, A272008, A318996, A326194, A341524. Fixed points of A009194.
Cf. A069926, A330746 (left inverses, when applied to a(n) give n).
Cf. A007358, A189000, A327158, A332318/A332319 (for analogs) and A046762, A046763, A046764, A055715, A056006, A081756, A214842, A227302, A227306, A245775, A300906, A325639 (other variants).
Cf. (other related sequences) A007539, A066135, A066961, A093034, A094467, A134639, A145551, A019278, A194771 [= 2*a(n)], A219545, A229110, A262432, A335830, A336849, A341608.

a007691 n = a007691_list !! (n-1)
a007691_list = filter ((== 1) . a017666) [1..]
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Apr 06 2012

Do[If[Mod[DivisorSigma[1, n], n] == 0, Print[n]], {n, 2, 2*10^11}] (* or *)
Transpose[Select[Table[{n, DivisorSigma[-1, n]}, {n, 100000}], IntegerQ[ #[[2]] ]& ] ][[1]]
(* Third program: *)
Select[Range[10^6], IntegerQ@ DivisorSigma[-1, #] &] (* Michael De Vlieger, Mar 19 2021 *)

for(n=1,1e6,if(sigma(n)%n==0, print1(n", ")))

from sympy import divisor_sigma as sigma
def ok(n): return sigma(n, 1)%n == 0
print([n for n in range(1, 10**4) if ok(n)]) # Michael S. Branicky, Jan 06 2021

More terms from Jud McCranie and then from David W. Wilson.

Incorrect comment removed and the crossrefs-section reorganized by Antti Karttunen, Mar 20 2021

A227470 Least k such that n divides sigma(n*k).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 3, 2, 3, 8, 1, 4, 7, 10, 4, 43, 2, 9, 2, 8, 21, 67, 5, 37, 6, 20, 43, 137, 5, 149, 9, 34, 1, 173, 4, 16, 21, 27, 64, 76, 22, 73, 37, 6, 3, 163, 10, 257, 43, 6, 137, 281, 11, 52, 76, 67, 45, 211, 17, 109, 4, 49, 173, 353, 2, 169, 8, 32, 93, 72, 27, 401, 67

Offset: 1

Alex Ratushnyak, Jul 12 2013

nonn

Theorem: a(n) always exists.

Proof: If n is a power of a prime, say n = p^a, then, by Euler's generalization of Fermat's little theorem and the multiplicative property of sigma, one can take k = x^(p^a-p^(a-1)-1) where x is a different prime from p. Similarly. if n = p^a*q^b, then take k = x^(p^a-p^(a-1)-1)*y^(q^b-q^(b-1)-1) where {x,y} are primes different from {p,q}. And so on. These k's have the desired property, and so there is always at least one candidate for the minimal k. - N. J. A. Sloane, May 01 2016

			Least k such that 9 divides sigma(9*k) is k = 10: sigma(90) = 234 = 9*26. So a(9) = 10.
Least k such that 89 divides sigma(89*k) is k = 1024: sigma(89*1024) = 184230 = 89*2070. So a(89) = 1024.

R. J. Mathar, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..1000

Indices of 1's: A007691.
Cf. A000203, A227302, A227303, A097018.
See A272349 for the sequence [n*a(n)]. - N. J. A. Sloane, May 01 2016

A227470 := proc(n)
    local k;
    for k from 1 do
        if modp(numtheory[sigma](k*n),n) =0 then
            return k;
        end if;
    end do:
end proc: # R. J. Mathar, May 06 2016

lknds[n_]:=Module[{k=1},While[!Divisible[DivisorSigma[1,k*n],n],k++];k]; Array[lknds,70] (* Harvey P. Dale, Jul 10 2014 *)

a227470(n) = {k=1; while(sigma(n*k)%n != 0, k++); k} \\ Michael B. Porter, Jul 15 2013

a(n) = A272349(n)/n. - R. J. Mathar, May 06 2016

A227303 Numbers k such that k divides sigma(3*k).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 4, 28, 40, 78, 90, 224, 360, 496, 546, 2016, 2184, 8128, 10080, 10920, 11880, 66528, 145236, 174592, 714240, 726180, 1571328, 4333056, 6168960, 7856640, 12065760, 15177600, 33550336, 47663616, 69521760, 80196480, 91963648, 99993600, 156854880, 459818240, 492101632

Offset: 1

Alex Ratushnyak, Jul 05 2013

nonn

If k belongs to the sequence, then sigma(3*k)/k is an integer, so sigma(3*k)/(3*k) is either an integer or a third of an integer, so 3*k is either multiperfect or belongs to A160320 or A160321. - Michel Marcus, Jul 09 2013

Jud McCranie, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..65

Cf. A000203, A007691, A227302.

Cf. A160320, A160321.

k = 0; lst = {}; While[k < 10^11, If[ Mod[ DivisorSigma[1, 3 k], k] == 0, AppendTo[lst, k]]; k++]; lst (* Robert G. Wilson v, Mar 07 2021 *)

isok(k) = !(sigma(3*k) % k); \\ Michel Marcus, Mar 07 2021

A232354 Numbers k that divide sigma(k^2) where sigma is the sum of divisors function (A000203).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 39, 793, 2379, 7137, 13167, 76921, 78507, 230763, 238887, 549549, 692289, 863577, 1491633, 1672209, 2076867, 4317885, 7615179, 8329831, 10441431, 23402223, 24989493, 37776123, 53306253, 53695813, 55871145, 74968479, 83766969, 133854435, 144688401, 161087439, 189437391

Offset: 1

Alex Ratushnyak, Nov 22 2013

nonn

Squarefree terms are: 1, 39, 793, 2379, 76921, 230763, 8329831, 24989493, 53695813, 161087439, ... Quotients are: 1, 61, 873, 3783, 11737, 26543, 85563, 141911, 370773, 417263, 1155561, ... - Michel Marcus, Nov 23 2013

Many terms are also in sequence A069520, cf. A232067 for the intersection of these two sequences. - M. F. Hasler, Nov 24 2013

Donovan Johnson, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..200
Jose Arnaldo Bebita Dris, A new approach to odd perfect numbers via GCDs, arXiv:2202.08116 [math.NT], 2022.

Cf. A000203, A007691, A065764, A069520, A227302, A232067, A232703, A232704.

Select[Range[10^5], Divisible[DivisorSigma[1, #^2], #] &] (* Alonso del Arte, Dec 06 2013 *)

isok(n) = (sigma(n^2) % n) == 0; \\ Michel Marcus, Nov 23 2013

A065764(a(n)) mod a(n) = 0.

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A232702 Sigma(2*m)/m for m such that sigma(2*m) is divisible by m (these m are in A227302).

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A007691 Multiply-perfect numbers: n divides sigma(n).

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A227470 Least k such that n divides sigma(n*k).

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A227303 Numbers k such that k divides sigma(3*k).

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A232354 Numbers k that divide sigma(k^2) where sigma is the sum of divisors function (A000203).

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A232702 Sigma(2m)/m for m such that sigma(2m) is divisible by m (these m are in A227302).