cp's OEIS Frontend

This is a front-end for the Online Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, made by Christian Perfect. The idea is to provide OEIS entries in non-ancient HTML, and then to think about how they're presented visually. The source code is on GitHub.

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A327071 Number of labeled simple connected graphs with n vertices and at least one bridge, or graphs with spanning edge-connectivity 1.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 1, 3, 28, 475, 14736, 818643, 82367552, 15278576679, 5316021393280, 3519977478407687, 4487518206535452672, 11116767463976825779115, 53887635281876408097483776, 513758302006787897939587736715, 9668884580476067306398361085853696
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Gus Wiseman, Aug 24 2019

Keywords

Comments

A bridge is an edge that, if removed without removing any incident vertices, disconnects the graph. Connected graphs with no bridges are counted by A095983 (2-edge-connected graphs).
The spanning edge-connectivity of a graph is the minimum number of edges that must be removed (without removing incident vertices) to obtain a disconnected or empty graph.

Crossrefs

Column k = 1 of A327069.
The unlabeled version is A052446.
Connected graphs without bridges are A007146.
The enumeration of labeled connected graphs by number of bridges is A327072.
Connected graphs with exactly one bridge are A327073.
Graphs with non-spanning edge-connectivity 1 are A327079.
BII-numbers of set-systems with spanning edge-connectivity 1 are A327111.
Covering set-systems with spanning edge-connectivity 1 are A327145.
Graphs with spanning edge-connectivity 2 are A327146.

Programs

  • Mathematica
    csm[s_]:=With[{c=Select[Tuples[Range[Length[s]],2],And[OrderedQ[#],UnsameQ@@#,Length[Intersection@@s[[#]]]>0]&]},If[c=={},s,csm[Sort[Append[Delete[s,List/@c[[1]]],Union@@s[[c[[1]]]]]]]]];
    spanEdgeConn[vts_,eds_]:=Length[eds]-Max@@Length/@Select[Subsets[eds],Union@@#!=vts||Length[csm[#]]!=1&];
    Table[Length[Select[Subsets[Subsets[Range[n],{2}]],spanEdgeConn[Range[n],#]==1&]],{n,0,4}]

Formula

a(1) = 0; a(n > 1) = A001187(n) - A095983(n).

A052446 Number of unlabeled simple connected bridged graphs on n nodes.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 1, 3, 10, 52, 351, 3714, 63638, 1912203, 103882478, 10338614868, 1892863194064, 639799762452639, 400857034314325045, 467526363203064793081, 1019286659457016864347582, 4170114225096278323394128049, 32130213534058019378134295287305
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Eric W. Weisstein, May 08 2000

Keywords

Comments

These are unlabeled connected graphs with spanning edge-connectivity 1, where the spanning edge-connectivity of a graph is the minimum number of edges that must be removed (without removing incident vertices) to obtain a disconnected or empty graph. - Gus Wiseman, Sep 02 2019

Crossrefs

Cf. other k-edge-connected unlabeled graph sequences A052446, A052447, A052448, A241703, A241704, A241705.
Cf. A001349 (number of simple connected graphs).
Cf. A007146 (number of simple connected bridgeless graphs).
Cf. A263914 (number of simple bridgeless graphs).
Cf. A263915 (number of simple bridged graphs).
Column k = 1 of A263296.
Row sums of A327077 if the first column is removed.
BII-numbers of set-systems with spanning edge-connectivity 1 are A327111.
The labeled version is A327071.

Programs

Formula

a(n) = A001349(n) - A007146(n).

Extensions

a(8) and a(9) and better description by Eric W. Weisstein, Nov 07 2010
a(10) from the Encyclopedia of Finite Graphs by Travis Hoppe and Anna Petrone, Apr 22 2014
Additional terms from A001349 and A007146 by Eric W. Weisstein, Oct 29 2015
a(18)-a(22) from A001349 and A007146 by Jean-François Alcover, Nov 09 2019

A263296 Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) is the number of graphs with n vertices with edge connectivity k.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 5, 3, 2, 1, 13, 10, 8, 2, 1, 44, 52, 41, 15, 3, 1, 191, 351, 352, 121, 25, 3, 1, 1229, 3714, 4820, 2159, 378, 41, 4, 1, 13588, 63638, 113256, 68715, 14306, 1095, 65, 4, 1, 288597, 1912203, 4602039, 3952378, 1141575, 104829, 3441, 100, 5, 1
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Christian Stump, Oct 13 2015

Keywords

Comments

This is spanning edge-connectivity. The spanning edge-connectivity of a graph is the minimum number of edges that must be removed (without removing incident vertices) to obtain a graph that is disconnected or covers fewer vertices. The non-spanning edge-connectivity of a graph (A327236) is the minimum number of edges that must be removed to obtain a graph whose edge-set is disconnected or empty. Compare to vertex-connectivity (A259862). - Gus Wiseman, Sep 03 2019

Examples

			Triangle begins:
     1;
     1,    1;
     2,    1,    1;
     5,    3,    2,    1;
    13,   10,    8,    2,   1;
    44,   52,   41,   15,   3,  1;
   191,  351,  352,  121,  25,  3, 1;
  1229, 3714, 4820, 2159, 378, 41, 4, 1;
  ...
		

Crossrefs

Row sums give A000088, n >= 1.
Number of graphs with edge connectivity at least k for k=1..10 are A001349, A007146, A324226, A324227, A324228, A324229, A324230, A324231, A324232, A324233.
The labeled version is A327069.

Extensions

a(22)-a(55) added by Andrew Howroyd, Aug 11 2019

A054923 Triangle read by rows: number of connected graphs with k >= 0 edges and n nodes (1<=n<=k+1).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 2, 3, 0, 0, 0, 1, 5, 6, 0, 0, 0, 1, 5, 13, 11, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 19, 33, 23, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 22, 67, 89, 47, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 20, 107, 236, 240, 106, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 14, 132, 486, 797, 657, 235, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 138, 814, 2075, 2678, 1806, 551, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 126, 1169, 4495, 8548, 8833, 5026, 1301
Offset: 0

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Author

Keywords

Comments

The diagonal n = k+1 is A000055(n). - Jonathan Vos Post, Aug 10 2008

Examples

			Triangle begins:
  1;
  0, 1;
  0, 0, 1;
  0, 0, 1, 2;
  0, 0, 0, 2, 3;
  0, 0, 0, 1, 5   6;
  0, 0, 0, 1, 5, 13,  11;
  0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 19,  33,  23;
  0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 22,  67,  89,  47;
  0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 20, 107, 236, 240, 106;
  ... (so with 5 edges there's 1 graph with 4 nodes, 5 with 5 nodes and 6 with 6 nodes). [Typo corrected by Anders Haglund, Jul 08 2008]
		

References

  • F. Harary and E. M. Palmer, Graphical Enumeration, Academic Press, NY, 1973, p. 93, Table 4.2.2; p. 241, Table A2.

Crossrefs

Main diagonal is A000055.
Subsequent diagonals give the number of connected unlabeled graphs with n nodes and n+k edges for k=0..2: A001429, A001435, A001436.
Cf. A002905 (row sums), A001349 (column sums), A008406, A046751 (transpose), A054924 (transpose), A046742 (w/o left column), A343088 (labeled).

Programs

  • PARI
    InvEulerMT(u)={my(n=#u, p=log(1+x*Ser(u)), vars=variables(p)); Vec(serchop( sum(i=1, n, moebius(i)*substvec(p + O(x*x^(n\i)), vars, apply(v->v^i,vars))/i), 1))}
    permcount(v) = {my(m=1,s=0,k=0,t); for(i=1,#v,t=v[i]; k=if(i>1&&t==v[i-1],k+1,1); m*=t*k;s+=t); s!/m}
    edges(v,t) = {prod(i=2, #v, prod(j=1, i-1, my(g=gcd(v[i],v[j])); t(v[i]*v[j]/g)^g )) * prod(i=1, #v, my(c=v[i]); t(c)^((c-1)\2)*if(c%2, 1, t(c/2)))}
    G(n, x)={my(s=0); forpart(p=n, s+=permcount(p)*edges(p,i->1+x^i)); s/n!}
    T(n)={Mat([Col(p+O(y^n), -n) | p<-InvEulerMT(vector(n, k, G(k, y + O(y^n))))])}
    {my(A=T(10)); for(n=1, #A, print(A[n,1..n]))} \\ Andrew Howroyd, Oct 23 2019

Extensions

a(83)-a(89) corrected by Andrew Howroyd, Oct 24 2019

A055290 Triangle of trees with n nodes and k leaves, 2 <= k <= n.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 2, 2, 1, 0, 1, 3, 4, 2, 1, 0, 1, 4, 8, 6, 3, 1, 0, 1, 5, 14, 14, 9, 3, 1, 0, 1, 7, 23, 32, 26, 12, 4, 1, 0, 1, 8, 36, 64, 66, 39, 16, 4, 1, 0, 1, 10, 54, 123, 158, 119, 60, 20, 5, 1, 0, 1, 12, 78, 219, 350, 325, 202, 83, 25, 5, 1, 0
Offset: 2

Views

Author

Christian G. Bower, May 09 2000

Keywords

Examples

			Triangle begins:
  n=2:  1
  n=3:  1   0
  n=4:  1   1   0
  n=5:  1   1   1   0
  n=6:  1   2   2   1   0
  n=7:  1   3   4   2   1   0
  n=8:  1   4   8   6   3   1   0
  n=9:  1   5  14  14   9   3   1   0
  n=10: 1   7  23  32  26  12   4   1   0
  n=11: 1   8  36  64  66  39  16   4   1   0
  n=12: 1  10  54 123 158 119  60  20   5   1   0
  n=13: 1  12  78 219 350 325 202  83  25   5   1   0
		

References

  • F. Harary and E. M. Palmer, Graphical Enumeration, Academic Press, NY, 1973, p. 80, Problem 3.9.

Crossrefs

Row sums give A000055, row sums with weight k give A003228.
The labeled version is A055314.
Central column is A358107.
Left of central column is A359398.

Programs

  • PARI
    EulerMT(u)={my(n=#u, p=x*Ser(u), vars=variables(p)); Vec(exp( sum(i=1, n, substvec(p + O(x*x^(n\i)), vars, apply(v->v^i,vars))/i ))-1)}
    T(n)={my(u=[y]); for(n=2, n, u=concat([y], EulerMT(u))); my(r=x*Ser(u), v=Vec(r*(1-x+x*y) + (substvec(r,[x,y],[x^2,y^2]) - r^2)/2)); vector(n-1, k, Vecrev(v[1+k]/y^2, k))}
    { my(A=T(10)); for(n=1, #A, print(A[n])) }

Formula

G.f.: A(x, y)=(1-x+x*y)*B(x, y)+(1/2)*(B(x^2, y^2)-B(x, y)^2), where B(x, y) is g.f. of A055277.

A054924 Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) = number of nonisomorphic unlabeled connected graphs with n nodes and k edges (n >= 1, 0 <= k <= n(n-1)/2).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 2, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 3, 5, 5, 4, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 6, 13, 19, 22, 20, 14, 9, 5, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 11, 33, 67, 107, 132, 138, 126, 95, 64, 40, 21, 10, 5, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 23, 89, 236, 486, 814, 1169, 1454, 1579, 1515, 1290, 970, 658, 400, 220, 114
Offset: 1

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Author

Keywords

Examples

			Triangle begins:
1;
0,1;
0,0,1,1;
0,0,0,2,2,1,1;
0,0,0,0,3,5,5,4,2,1,1;
0,0,0,0,0,6,13,19,22,20,14,9,5,2,1,1;
the last batch giving the numbers of connected graphs with 6 nodes and from 0 to 15 edges.
		

References

  • R. W. Robinson, Numerical implementation of graph counting algorithms, AGRC Grant, Math. Dept., Univ. Newcastle, Australia, 1976.

Crossrefs

Other versions of this triangle: A046751, A076263, A054923, A046742.
Row sums give A001349, column sums give A002905. A046751 is essentially the same triangle. A054923 and A046742 give same triangle but read by columns.
Main diagonal is A000055. Next diagonal is A001429. Largest entry in each row gives A001437.

Programs

  • Mathematica
    A076263 gives a Mathematica program which produces the nonzero entries in each row.
    Needs["Combinatorica`"]; Table[Print[row = Join[Array[0&, n-1], Table[ Count[ Combinatorica`ListGraphs[n, k], g_ /; Combinatorica`ConnectedQ[g]], {k, n-1, n*(n-1)/2}]]]; row, {n, 1, 8}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Jan 15 2015 *)

A369197 Number of labeled connected loop-graphs with n vertices, none isolated, and at most n edges.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 3, 13, 95, 972, 12732, 202751, 3795864, 81609030, 1980107840, 53497226337, 1592294308992, 51758060711792, 1824081614046720, 69272000503031475, 2819906639193992192, 122488526636380368714, 5654657850859704139776, 276462849597009068108405, 14270030377126199463936000
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Gus Wiseman, Jan 17 2024

Keywords

Examples

			The a(0) = 0 through a(3) = 13 loop-graphs (loops shown as singletons):
  .  {{1}}  {{1,2}}      {{1,2},{1,3}}
            {{1},{1,2}}  {{1,2},{2,3}}
            {{2},{1,2}}  {{1,3},{2,3}}
                         {{1},{1,2},{1,3}}
                         {{1},{1,2},{2,3}}
                         {{1},{1,3},{2,3}}
                         {{2},{1,2},{1,3}}
                         {{2},{1,2},{2,3}}
                         {{2},{1,3},{2,3}}
                         {{3},{1,2},{1,3}}
                         {{3},{1,2},{2,3}}
                         {{3},{1,3},{2,3}}
                         {{1,2},{1,3},{2,3}}
		

Crossrefs

The minimal case is A000272.
Connected case of A066383 and A369196, loopless A369192 and A369193.
The loopless case is A129271, connected case of A369191.
The case of equality is A368951, connected case of A368597.
This is the connected case of A369194.
A000085, A100861, A111924 count set partitions into singletons or pairs.
A001187 counts connected graphs, unlabeled A001349.
A006125 counts (simple) graphs, unlabeled A000088.
A006129 counts covering graphs, unlabeled A002494.
A054548 counts graphs covering n vertices with k edges, with loops A369199.
A062740 counts connected loop-graphs.
A322661 counts covering loop-graphs, unlabeled A322700.
A368927 counts choosable loop-graphs, covering A369140.
A369141 counts non-choosable loop-graphs, covering A369142.

Programs

  • PARI
    seq(n)={my(t=-lambertw(-x + O(x*x^n))); Vec(serlaplace(log(1/(1-t))/2 + 3*t/2 - 3*t^2/4 + 1 - x))} \\ Andrew Howroyd, Feb 02 2024

Formula

Logarithmic transform of A368927.
From Andrew Howroyd, Feb 02 2024: (Start)
a(n) = A000169(n) + A129271(n).
E.g.f.: log(1/(1-T(x)))/2 + 3*T(x)/2 - 3*T(x)^2/4 + 1 - x, where T(x) is the e.g.f. of A000169. (End)

Extensions

a(0) changed to 1 and a(7) onwards from Andrew Howroyd, Feb 02 2024

A001434 Number of graphs with n nodes and n edges.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 0, 1, 2, 6, 21, 65, 221, 771, 2769, 10250, 39243, 154658, 628635, 2632420, 11353457, 50411413, 230341716, 1082481189, 5228952960, 25945377057, 132140242356, 690238318754, 3694876952577, 20252697246580, 113578669178222, 651178533855913, 3813856010041981
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Keywords

Comments

The labeled version is A116508. - Gus Wiseman, Feb 22 2024

Examples

			From _Gus Wiseman_, Feb 22 2024: (Start)
Representatives of the a(0) = 1 through a(5) = 6 graphs:
  {}  .  .  {12,13,23}  {12,13,14,23}  {12,13,14,15,23}
                        {12,13,24,34}  {12,13,14,23,24}
                                       {12,13,14,23,25}
                                       {12,13,14,23,45}
                                       {12,13,14,25,35}
                                       {12,13,24,35,45}
(End)
		

References

  • J. Riordan, An Introduction to Combinatorial Analysis, Wiley, 1958, p. 146.
  • N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
  • N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Crossrefs

The connected case is A001429, labeled A057500.
The covering case is A006649, labeled A367863.
Diagonal n = k of A008406.
The labeled version is A116508.
The version with loops is A368598, connected A368983.
Allowing up to n edges gives A370315, labeled A369192.
A000088 counts unlabeled graphs, labeled A006125.
A001349 counts unlabeled connected graphs, labeled A001187.
A002494 counts unlabeled covering graphs, labeled A006129.

Programs

  • Mathematica
    (* first do *) Needs["Combinatorica`"] (* then *) Table[ NumberOfGraphs[n, n], {n, 24}] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Mar 22 2011 *)
    brute[m_]:=First[Sort[Table[Sort[Sort /@ (m/.Rule@@@Table[{(Union@@m)[[i]],p[[i]]},{i,Length[p]}])], {p,Permutations[Range[Length[Union@@m]]]}]]];
    Table[Length[Union[brute /@ Subsets[Subsets[Range[n],{2}],{n}]]],{n,0,5}] (* Gus Wiseman, Feb 22 2024 *)
  • PARI
    a(n) = polcoef(G(n, O(x*x^n)), n) \\ G defined in A008406. - Andrew Howroyd, Feb 02 2024

Extensions

More terms from Vladeta Jovovic, Jan 07 2000
a(0)=1 prepended by Andrew Howroyd, Feb 02 2024

A006290 Number of 3-connected graphs with n nodes.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 3, 17, 136, 2388, 80890, 5114079, 573273505, 113095167034, 39582550575765, 24908445793058442, 28560405143495819079, 60364410130177223014724, 237403933018799958309530349, 1750323137355778190158082029500, 24333358813699371350715221107464003, 640811613278752754485012443963579501421
Offset: 4

Views

Author

Keywords

Comments

Robinson and Walsh list first 25 terms.

References

  • R. C. Read and R. J. Wilson, An Atlas of Graphs, Oxford, 1998.
  • N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Crossrefs

Extensions

More terms from Ronald C. Read.

A000719 Number of disconnected graphs with n nodes.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 1, 2, 5, 13, 44, 191, 1229, 13588, 288597, 12297299, 1031342116, 166123498733, 50668194387427, 29104827043066808, 31455591302381718651, 64032471448906164191208, 245999896712611657677614268, 1787823725136869060356731751124
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Keywords

Comments

a(n) is also the number of simple unlabeled graphs on n+1 nodes with diameter 2 and connectivity 1. - Geoffrey Critzer, Oct 23 2016

References

  • R. C. Read and R. J. Wilson, An Atlas of Graphs, Oxford, 1998.
  • N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
  • N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Crossrefs

Equals (A000088) minus (A001349).

Programs

  • Mathematica
    << "Combinatorica`"; max = 18; A000088 = Table[ NumberOfGraphs[n], {n, 0, max}]; f[x_] = 1 - Product[ 1/(1 - x^k)^b[k], {k, 1, max}]; b[0] = b[1] = b[2] = 1; coes = CoefficientList[ Series[ f[x], {x, 0, max}], x]; sol = First[ Solve[ Thread[ Rest[ coes + A000088 ] == 0]]]; a[n_] := a[n] = A000088[[n+1]] - b[n] /. sol; a[0] = a[1] = 0; Table[a[n], {n, 0, max}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Nov 24 2011 *)
  • Python
    from functools import lru_cache
    from itertools import combinations
    from fractions import Fraction
    from math import prod, gcd, factorial
    from sympy import mobius, divisors
    from sympy.utilities.iterables import partitions
    def A000719(n):
        if n == 0: return 0
        @lru_cache(maxsize=None)
        def b(n): return int(sum(Fraction(1<>1)*r+(q*r*(r-1)>>1) for q, r in p.items()),prod(q**r*factorial(r) for q, r in p.items())) for p in partitions(n)))
        @lru_cache(maxsize=None)
        def c(n): return n*b(n)-sum(c(k)*b(n-k) for k in range(1,n))
        return b(n)-sum(mobius(n//d)*c(d) for d in divisors(n,generator=True))//n # Chai Wah Wu, Jul 03 2024

Extensions

More terms from Christian G. Bower
Further terms from Vladeta Jovovic, Apr 14 2000
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