A046987 -id:A046987 - cp's OEIS frontend

A007691 Multiply-perfect numbers: n divides sigma(n).

1, 6, 28, 120, 496, 672, 8128, 30240, 32760, 523776, 2178540, 23569920, 33550336, 45532800, 142990848, 459818240, 1379454720, 1476304896, 8589869056, 14182439040, 31998395520, 43861478400, 51001180160, 66433720320, 137438691328, 153003540480, 403031236608

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane, Robert G. Wilson v

sigma(n)/n is in A054030.
Also numbers such that the sum of the reciprocals of the divisors is an integer. - Harvey P. Dale, Jul 24 2001
Luca's solution of problem 11090, which proves that for k>1 there are an infinite number of n such that n divides sigma_k(n), does not apply to this sequence. However, it is conjectured that this sequence is also infinite. - T. D. Noe, Nov 04 2007
Numbers k such that sigma(k) is divisible by all divisors of k, subsequence of A166070. - Jaroslav Krizek, Oct 06 2009
A017666(a(n)) = 1. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Apr 06 2012
Bach, Miller, & Shallit show that this sequence can be recognized in polynomial time with arbitrarily small error by a probabilistic Turing machine; that is, this sequence is in BPP. - Charles R Greathouse IV, Jun 21 2013
Conjecture: If n is such that 2^n-1 is in A066175 then a(n) is a triangular number. - Ivan N. Ianakiev, Aug 26 2013
Conjecture: Every multiply-perfect number is practical (A005153). I've verified this conjecture for the first 5261 terms with abundancy > 2 using Achim Flammenkamp's data. The even perfect numbers are easily shown to be practical, but every practical number > 1 is even, so a weak form says every even multiply-perfect number is practical. - Jaycob Coleman, Oct 15 2013
Numbers such that A054024(n) = 0. - Michel Marcus, Nov 16 2013
Numbers n such that k(n) = A229110(n) = antisigma(n) mod n = A024816(n) mod n = A000217(n) mod n = (n(n+1)/2) mod n = A142150(n). k(n) = n/2 for even n; k(n) = 0 for odd n (for number 1 and eventually odd multiply-perfect numbers n > 1). - Jaroslav Krizek, May 28 2014
The only terms m > 1 of this sequence that are not in A145551 are m for which sigma(m)/m is not a divisor of m. Conjecture: after 1, A323653 lists all such m (and no other numbers). - Antti Karttunen, Mar 19 2021

			120 is OK because divisors of 120 are {1,2,3,4,5,6,8,10,12,15,20,24,30,40,60,120}, the sum of which is 360=120*3.

A. H. Beiler, Recreations in the Theory of Numbers, Dover, NY, 1964, p. 22.
J. Roberts, Lure of the Integers, Math. Assoc. America, 1992, p. 176.
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).
I. Stewart, L'univers des nombres, "Les nombres multiparfaits", Chapter 15, pp. 82-88, Belin-Pour La Science, Paris 2000.
James J. Tattersall, Elementary Number Theory in Nine Chapters, Cambridge University Press, 1999, pages 141-148.
David Wells, The Penguin Dictionary of Curious and Interesting Numbers, Penguin Books, 1987, pp. 135-136.

T. D. Noe, Table of n, a(n) for n=1..1600 (using Flammenkamp's data)
Abiodun E. Adeyemi, A Study of @-numbers, arXiv:1906.05798 [math.NT], 2019.
Anonymous, Multiply Perfect Numbers [broken link]
Eric Bach, Gary Miller, and Jeffrey Shallit, Sums of divisors perfect numbers and factoring, SIAM J. Comput. 15:4 (1986), pp. 1143-1154.
Robert D. Carmichael, A table of multiply perfect numbers, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 13 (1907), 383-386.
Farideh Firoozbakht and Maximilian F. Hasler, Variations on Euclid's formula for Perfect Numbers, JIS 13 (2010) #10.3.1.
Achim Flammenkamp, The Multiply Perfect Numbers Page
Luis H. Gallardo and Olivier Rahavandrainy, On (unitary) perfect polynomials over F_2 with only Mersenne primes as odd divisors, arXiv:1908.00106 [math.NT], 2019.
Shyam Sunder Gupta, Perfect, Multiply Perfect, and Sociable Numbers, Exploring the Beauty of Fascinating Numbers, Springer (2025) Ch. 6, 185-207.
Florian Luca and John Ferdinands, Problem 11090: Sometimes n divides sigma_k(n), Amer. Math. Monthly 113:4 (2006), pp. 372-373.
Walter Nissen, Abundancy : Some Resources
Kaitlin Rafferty and Judy Holdener, On the form of perfect and multiperfect numbers, Pi Mu Epsilon Journal, Vol. 13, No. 5 (Fall 2011), pp. 291-298.
Maxie D. Schmidt, Exact Formulas for the Generalized Sum-of-Divisors Functions, arXiv:1705.03488 [math.NT], 2017. See p. 11.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Abundancy
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Hyperperfect Number.
Index entries for sequences where any odd perfect numbers must occur

Complement is A054027. Cf. A000203, A054030.
Cf. A000396, A005820, A027687, A046060, A046061, for subsequences of terms with quotient sigma(n)/n = 2..6.
Other subsequences: A046985, A046986, A046987, A047728, A065997, A066289, (A076231, A076233, A076234), A088844, A088845, A088846, A091443, A114887, A166069, A245782, A260508, A306667, (A325021 U A325022), (A325023 U A325024), (A325025 U A325026), A325637, A323653, A330532, (A330533 U A331724), A336702, A341045.
Subsequence of the following sequences: A011775, A071707, A083865, A089748 (after the initial 1), A102783, A166070, A175200, A225110, A226476, A237719, A245774, A246454, A259307, A263928, A282775, A323652, A336745, A340864. Also conjectured to be a subsequence of A005153, of A307740, and after 1 also of A295078.
Various number-theoretical functions applied to these numbers: A088843 [tau], A098203 [phi], A098204 [gcd(a(n),phi(a(n)))], A134665 [2-adic valuation], A307741 [sigma], A308423 [product of divisors], A320024 [the odd part], A134740 [omega], A342658 [bigomega], A342659 [smallest prime not dividing], A342660 [largest prime divisor].
Positions of ones in A017666, A019294, A094701, A227470, of zeros in A054024, A082901, A173438, A272008, A318996, A326194, A341524. Fixed points of A009194.
Cf. A069926, A330746 (left inverses, when applied to a(n) give n).
Cf. A007358, A189000, A327158, A332318/A332319 (for analogs) and A046762, A046763, A046764, A055715, A056006, A081756, A214842, A227302, A227306, A245775, A300906, A325639 (other variants).
Cf. (other related sequences) A007539, A066135, A066961, A093034, A094467, A134639, A145551, A019278, A194771 [= 2*a(n)], A219545, A229110, A262432, A335830, A336849, A341608.

a007691 n = a007691_list !! (n-1)
a007691_list = filter ((== 1) . a017666) [1..]
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Apr 06 2012

Do[If[Mod[DivisorSigma[1, n], n] == 0, Print[n]], {n, 2, 2*10^11}] (* or *)
Transpose[Select[Table[{n, DivisorSigma[-1, n]}, {n, 100000}], IntegerQ[ #[[2]] ]& ] ][[1]]
(* Third program: *)
Select[Range[10^6], IntegerQ@ DivisorSigma[-1, #] &] (* Michael De Vlieger, Mar 19 2021 *)

for(n=1,1e6,if(sigma(n)%n==0, print1(n", ")))

from sympy import divisor_sigma as sigma
def ok(n): return sigma(n, 1)%n == 0
print([n for n in range(1, 10**4) if ok(n)]) # Michael S. Branicky, Jan 06 2021

More terms from Jud McCranie and then from David W. Wilson.

Incorrect comment removed and the crossrefs-section reorganized by Antti Karttunen, Mar 20 2021

A007340 Numbers whose divisors' harmonic and arithmetic means are both integers.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 6, 140, 270, 672, 1638, 2970, 6200, 8190, 18600, 18620, 27846, 30240, 32760, 55860, 105664, 117800, 167400, 173600, 237510, 242060, 332640, 360360, 539400, 695520, 726180, 753480, 1089270, 1421280, 1539720, 2229500, 2290260, 2457000

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane

Intersection of A001599 and A003601.
The following are also in A046985: 1, 6, 672, 30240, 32760. Also contains multiply perfect (A007691) numbers. - Labos Elemer
The numbers whose average divisor is also a divisor. Ore's harmonic numbers A001599 without the numbers A046999. - Thomas Ordowski, Oct 26 2014, Apr 17 2022
Harmonic numbers k whose harmonic mean of divisors (A001600) is also a divisor of k. - Amiram Eldar, Apr 19 2022

			x = 270: Sigma(0, 270) = 16, Sigma(1, 270) = 720; average divisor a = 720/16 = 45 and integer 45 divides x, x/a = 270/45 = 6, but 270 is not in A007691.

G. L. Cohen, personal communication.
Richard K. Guy, Unsolved Problems in Number Theory, 3rd Edition, Springer, 2004, Section B2, pp. 74-84.
N. J. A. Sloane, Illustration for sequence M4299 (=A007340) in The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences (with Simon Plouffe), Academic Press, 1995.
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).
D. Wells, Curious and interesting numbers, Penguin Books, p. 124.

Donovan Johnson, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..847
G. L. Cohen, Email to N. J. A. Sloane, Apr. 1994
T. Goto and S. Shibata, All numbers whose positive divisors have integral harmonic mean up to 300, Math. Comput. 73 (2004), 475-491.
Hisanori Mishima, Factorizations of many number sequences
Oystein Ore, On the averages of the divisors of a number, Amer. Math. Monthly, 55 (1948), 615-619.

Intersection of A003601 and A001599.
Different from A090945.
Cf. A001600, A007691, A046985-A046987, A046999, A054025.

a007340 n = a007340_list !! (n-1)
a007340_list = filter ((== 0) . a054025) a001599_list
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Dec 31 2013

filter:= proc(n)
uses numtheory;
local a;
a:= sigma(n)/sigma[0](n);
type(a,integer) and type(n/a,integer);
end proc:
select(filter, [$1..2500000]); # Robert Israel, Oct 26 2014

Do[ a = DivisorSigma[0, n]/ DivisorSigma[1, n]; If[IntegerQ[n*a] && IntegerQ[1/a], Print[n]], {n, 1, 2500000}] (* Labos Elemer *)
ahmQ[n_] := Module[{dn = Divisors[n]}, IntegerQ[Mean[dn]] && IntegerQ[HarmonicMean[dn]]]; Select[Range[2500000], ahmQ] (* Harvey P. Dale, Nov 16 2011 *)

is(n)=my(d=divisors(n),s=vecsum(d)); s%#d==0 && #d*n%s==0 \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Feb 07 2017

a = Sigma(1, x)/Sigma(0, x) integer and b = x/a also.

More terms from Robert G. Wilson v, Oct 03 2002

Edited by N. J. A. Sloane, Oct 05 2008 at the suggestion of R. J. Mathar

A046985 Multiply perfect numbers whose average divisor is an integer and divides the number itself.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 6, 672, 30240, 32760, 23569920, 45532800, 14182439040, 51001180160, 153003540480, 403031236608, 13661860101120, 154345556085770649600, 9186050031556349952000, 143573364313605309726720, 352338107624535891640320, 680489641226538823680000, 34384125938411324962897920

Offset: 1

Labos Elemer

nonn

			k = 45532800 is a term since, s0 = 384, s1 = 182131200, and the three quotients s1/k = 182131200/45532800 = 4, (k * s0)/s1 = (45532800 * 384)/182131200 = 96, and s1/s0 = 182131200/384 = 474300 are all integers.

Amiram Eldar, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..321

Intersection of A003601, A007691 and A001599.

Cf. A000005, A000203, A046986, A046987.

q[n_] := Module[{d = DivisorSigma[0, n], s = DivisorSigma[1, n]}, Divisible[s, n] && Divisible[n * d, s] && Divisible[s, d]]; Select[Range[33000], q] (* Amiram Eldar, May 09 2024 *)

isok(n) = s1 = sigma(n); s0 = numdiv(n); !(s1 % n) && !(s1 % s0) && !((n*s0) % s1); \\ Michel Marcus, Dec 10 2013

is(k) = {my(f = factor(k), s = sigma(f), d = numdiv(f)); !(s % k) && !((k * d) % s) && !(s % d);} \\ Amiram Eldar, May 09 2024

Let s1 = sigma(k) = A000203(k) be the sum of divisors of k and s0 = d(k) = A000005(k) be the number of divisors of k. Then, k is a term if s1/k, (k * s0)/s1, and s1/s0 are all integers.

a(10)-a(15) from Donovan Johnson, Nov 30 2008

Edited and a(16)-a(18) added by Amiram Eldar, May 09 2024

A046986 Multiply perfect numbers that are also harmonic numbers but are not arithmetic numbers.

Original entry on oeis.org

28, 496, 8128, 2178540, 33550336, 142990848, 459818240, 1379454720, 8589869056, 43861478400, 66433720320, 137438691328, 704575228896, 181742883469056, 6088728021160320, 14942123276641920, 20158185857531904, 275502900594021408, 622286506811515392, 2305843008139952128

Offset: 1

Labos Elemer

nonn

			k = 2178540 is a term since s0 = d(k) = 216 and s1 = sigma(k) = 8714160, s1/s0 = 8714160/216 = 121030/3 is not an integer, and (k * s0)/s1 = (2178540 * 216)/8714160 = 54 and s1/k = 8714160/2178540 = 4 are integers.

Amiram Eldar, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..207

In A007691 and A001599 but not in A003601.

Cf. A000005, A000203, A046985, A046987.

Let s1 be the sum of divisors of k and s0 be the number of divisors of k. Then, k is a term if k | s1, s1 | (k * s0), but s1 is not divisible by s0.

a(12)-a(17) from Donovan Johnson, Nov 30 2008

Edited and a(18)-a(21) added by Amiram Eldar, May 09 2024

A046999 Numbers k whose average divisor is nonintegral and divides k.

Original entry on oeis.org

28, 496, 8128, 950976, 2178540, 33550336, 142990848, 301953024, 459818240, 675347400, 714954240, 995248800, 1379454720, 2701389600, 3288789504, 6720569856, 8589869056, 10200236032, 14254365440, 30600708096, 42763096320, 43861478400, 66433720320, 71271827200

Offset: 1

Labos Elemer

nonn

The sequence contains perfect numbers (A000396) and others. Most of them have only small prime factors.
The first three terms are in A007691 (multiply perfect numbers) but 950976 is not since sigma_1/k is not an integer.
sigma_0(k) is the number of divisors of k (A000005).
sigma_1(k) is the sum of the divisors of k [same as sigma(k)] (A000203).
Harmonic numbers that are not arithmetic numbers. Of the 937 harmonic numbers below 10^14 there are just 90 such terms, of them 13 are multiply perfect numbers. - Amiram Eldar, Jun 08 2020

			k=28, sigma_0=6, sigma_1=56, m=sigma_1/sigma_0=9.333... is not an integer, but k/m=3 is;
k=950976, m=2958592/84=3521.333... but k/m=27 is integral.

Amiram Eldar, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..90 (terms below 10^14)

In A001599 but not in A003601.

Cf. A007691, A046985, A046986, A046987, A000396.

Average divisor = m = sigma_1(k)/sigma_0(k) is not an integer but k/m is.

More terms from Jud McCranie, Dec 25 2000

a(16)-a(24) from Donovan Johnson, Apr 22 2008

A325026 Multi-perfect numbers from A007691 that are not harmonic (A001599).

Original entry on oeis.org

120, 523776, 1476304896, 31998395520, 518666803200, 30823866178560, 740344994887680, 796928461056000, 212517062615531520, 69357059049509038080, 87934476737668055040, 170206605192656148480, 1161492388333469337600, 1802582780370364661760, 1940351499647188992000

Offset: 1

Jaroslav Krizek, Mar 24 2019

nonn

Multi-perfect numbers m such that m*tau(m)/sigma(m) is not an integer, where tau(k) is the number of the divisors of k (A000005) and sigma(k) is the sum of the divisors of k (A000203).
Supersequence of A046987.
Complement of A325025 with respect to A007691.

			120 is a term because 120*tau(120)/sigma(120) = 120*16/360 = 16/3.

Amiram Eldar, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..202

Cf. A000005, A000203, A001599, A007691, A325025.

Cf. A140798 (harmonic numbers that are not multi-perfect).

[n: n in [1..1000000] | not IsIntegral((NumberOfDivisors(n)) * n / SumOfDivisors(n)) and IsIntegral(SumOfDivisors(n)/n)]

isok(n) = my(s=sigma(n)); !frac(s/n) && frac(n*numdiv(n)/s); \\ Michel Marcus, Mar 24 2019

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A007691 Multiply-perfect numbers: n divides sigma(n).

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A007340 Numbers whose divisors' harmonic and arithmetic means are both integers.

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A046985 Multiply perfect numbers whose average divisor is an integer and divides the number itself.

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A046986 Multiply perfect numbers that are also harmonic numbers but are not arithmetic numbers.

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A046999 Numbers k whose average divisor is nonintegral and divides k.

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A325026 Multi-perfect numbers from A007691 that are not harmonic (A001599).

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A330533 Multiply-perfect numbers m whose average divisor is not an integer.

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