cp's OEIS Frontend

a(n) is also the sum of the positions of the right-to-left minima in all permutations of [n]. Example: a(3)=26 because the positions of the right-to-left minima in the permutations 123,132,213,231,312 and 321 are 123, 13, 23, 3, 23 and 3, respectively and 1 + 2 + 3 + 1 + 3 + 2 + 3 + 3 + 2 + 3 + 3 = 26. - Emeric Deutsch, Sep 22 2008

The asymptotic expansion of the higher order exponential integral E(x,m=2,n=2) ~ exp(-x)/x^2*(1 - 5/x + 26/x^2 - 154/x^3 + 1044/x^4 - 8028/x^5 + 69264/x^6 - ...) leads to the sequence given above. See A163931 and A028421 for more information. - Johannes W. Meijer, Oct 20 2009

a(n) is the total number of cycles (excluding fixed points) in all permutations of [n+1]. - Olivier Gérard, Oct 23 2012; Dec 31 2012

A length n sequence is formed by randomly selecting (one-by-one) n real numbers in (0,1). a(n)/(n+1)! is the expected value of the sum of the new maximums in such a sequence. For example for n=3: If we select (in this order): 0.591996, 0.646474, 0.163659 we would add 0.591996 + 0.646474 which would be a bit above the average of a(3)/4! = 26/24. - Geoffrey Critzer, Oct 17 2013

Previous name was: Number triangle f(n, k) from n-th differences of the sequence {1/m^2}{m >= 1}, for n >= 0; the n-th difference sequence is {(-1)^n*n!*P(n, m)/D(n, m)^2}{m >= 1} where P(n, x) is the row polynomial P(n, x) = Sum_{k=0..n} f(n,k)*x^k and D(n, x) = x*(x+1)*...*(x+n).

From Johannes W. Meijer, Oct 07 2009: (Start)

The higher-order exponential integrals E(x,m,n) are defined in A163931 and the general formula of the asymptotic expansion of E(x,m,n) can be found in A163932.

We used the general formula and the asymptotic expansion of E(x,m=1,n), see A130534, to determine that E(x,m=2,n) ~ (exp(-x)/x^2)*(1 - (1+2*n)/x + (2 + 6*n + 3*n^2)/x^2 - (6 + 22*n + 18*n^2 + 4*n^3)/x^3 + ...) which can be verified with the EA(x,2,n) formula, see A163932. The coefficients in the denominators of this expansion lead to the sequence given above.

The asymptotic expansion of E(x,m=2,n) leads for n from one to ten to known sequences, see the cross-references. With these sequences one can form the triangles A165674 (left hand columns) and A093905 (right hand columns).

(End)

For connections to an operator relation between log(x) and x^n(d/dx)^n, see A238363. - Tom Copeland, Feb 28 2014

From Wolfdieter Lang, Nov 25 2018: (Start)

The signed triangle t(n, k) := (-1)^{n-k}*f(n, k) gives (n+1)*N(-1;n,x) = Sum_{k=0..n} t(n, k)*x^k, where N(-1;n,x) are the Narumi polynomials with parameter a = -1 (see the Weisstein link).

The members of the n-th difference sequence of the sequence {1/m^2}_{m>=1} mentioned above satisfies the recurrence delta(n, m) = delta(n-1, m+1) - delta(n-1, m), for n >= 1, m >= 1, with input delta(0, m) = 1/m^2. The solution is delta(n, m) = (n+1)!*N(-1;n,-m)/risefac(m, n+1)^2, with Narumi polynomials N(-1;n,x) and the rising factorials risefac(x, n+1) = D(n, x) = x*(x+1)*...*(x+n).

The above mentioned row polynomials P satisfy P(n, x) = (-1)^n*(n + 1)*N(-1;n,-x), for n >= 0. The recurrence is P(n, x) = (-x^2*P(n-1, x+1) + (n+x)^2*P(n-1, x))/n, for n >= 1, and P(0, x) = 1. (End)

The triangle is the exponential Riordan square (cf. A321620) of -log(1-x) with an additional main diagonal of zeros. - Peter Luschny, Jan 03 2019

The asymptotic expansion of the higher order exponential integral E(x,m=2,n=3) ~ exp(-x)/x^2*(1 - 7/x + 47/x^2 - 342/x^3 + 2754/x^4 - 24552/x^5 + 241128/x^6 - ...) leads to the sequence given above. See A163931 and A028421 for more information. - Johannes W. Meijer, Oct 20 2009

For n > 4, a(n) mod n = 0 for n composite, = n-3 for n prime. - Gary Detlefs, Jul 18 2011

From Petros Hadjicostas, Jun 11 2020: (Start)

For nonnegative integers n, m and complex numbers a, b (with b <> 0), the numbers R_n^m(a,b) were introduced by Mitrinovic (1961) using slightly different notation. They were further examined by Mitrinovic and Mitrinovic (1962).

These numbers are defined via the g.f. Product_{r=0..n-1} (x - (a + b*r)) = Sum_{m=0..n} R_n^m(a,b)*x^m for n >= 0.

As a result, R_n^m(a,b) = R_{n-1}^{m-1}(a,b) - (a + b*(n-1))*R_{n-1}^m(a,b) for n >= m >= 1 with R_1^0(a,b) = a, R_1^1(a,b) = 1, and R_n^m(a,b) = 0 for n < m. (Because an empty product is by definition 1, we may let R_0^0(a,b) = 1.)

With a = 0 and b = 1, we get the Stirling numbers of the first kind S1(n,m) = R_n^m(a=0, b=1) = A048994(n,m). (Array A008275 is the same as array A048994 but with no zero row and no zero column.)

We have R_n^m(a,b) = Sum_{k=0}^{n-m} (-1)^k * a^k * b^(n-m-k) * binomial(m+k, k) * S1(n, m+k) for n >= m >= 0.

For the current sequence, a(n) = R_{n+1}^1(a=-3, b=-1) for n >= 0. (End)

The asymptotic expansion of the higher order exponential integral E(x,m=2,n=4) ~ exp(-x)/x^2*(1 - 9/x + 74/x^2 - 638/x^3 + 5944/x^4 - 60216/x^5 + 662640/x^6 - ...) leads to the sequence given above. See A163931 and A028421 for more information. - Johannes W. Meijer, Oct 20 2009

From Petros Hadjicostas, Jun 23 2020: (Start)

For nonnegative integers n, m and complex numbers a, b (with b <> 0), the numbers R_n^m(a,b) were introduced by Mitrinovic (1961) and Mitrinovic and Mitrinovic (1962) using slightly different notation.

These numbers are defined via the g.f. Product_{r=0..n-1} (x - (a + b*r)) = Sum_{m=0..n} R_n^m(a,b)*x^m for n >= 0.

As a result, R_n^m(a,b) = R_{n-1}^{m-1}(a,b) - (a + b*(n-1))*R_{n-1}^m(a,b) for n >= m >= 1 with R_0^0(a,b) = 1, R_1^0(a,b) = a, R_1^1(a,b) = 1, and R_n^m(a,b) = 0 for n < m.

With a = 0 and b = 1, we get the Stirling numbers of the first kind S1(n,m) = R_n^m(a=0, b=1) = A048994(n,m) for n, m >= 0.

We have R_n^m(a,b) = Sum_{k=0}^{n-m} (-1)^k * a^k * b^(n-m-k) * binomial(m+k, k) * S1(n, m+k) for n >= m >= 0.

For the current sequence, a(n) = R_{n+1}^1(a=-4, b=-1) for n >= 0. (End)

The asymptotic expansion of the higher order exponential integral E(x,m=2,n=5) ~ exp(-x)/x^2*(1 - 11/x + 107/x^2 - 1066/x^3 + 11274/x^4 - 127860/x^5 + 1557660/x^6 - ... ) leads to the sequence given above. See A163931 and A028421 for more information. - Johannes W. Meijer, Oct 20 2009

The asymptotic expansion of the higher order exponential integral E(x,m=2,n=7) ~ exp(-x)/x^2*(1 - 15/x + 191/x^2 - 2414/x^3 + 31594/x^4 - 434568/x^5 + 6314664/x^6 - ...) leads to the sequence given above. See A163931 and A028421 for more information. - Johannes W. Meijer, Oct 20 2009

The asymptotic expansion of the higher order exponential integral E(x,m=2,n=8) ~ exp(-x)/x^2*(1 - 17/x + 242/x^2 - 3382/x^3 + 48504/x^4 - 725592/x^5 + 11393808/x^6 - ...) leads to the sequence given above. See A163931 and A028421 for more information. - Johannes W. Meijer, Oct 20 2009

The asymptotic expansion of the higher order exponential integral E(x,m=2,n=9) ~ exp(-x)/x^2*(1 - 19/x + 299/x^2 - 4578/x^3 + 71394/x^4 - 1153956/x^5 + 19471500/x^6 - ...) leads to the sequence given above. See A163931 and A028421 for more information. - Johannes W. Meijer, Oct 20 2009

The asymptotic expansion of the higher order exponential integral E(x,m=2,n=10) ~ exp(-x)/x^2*(1 - 21/x + 362/x^2 - 6026/x^3 + 101524/x^4 - 1763100/x^5 + 31813200/x^6 - ...) leads to the sequence given above. See A163931 and A028421 for more information. - Johannes W. Meijer, Oct 20 2009

The higher order exponential integrals E(x,m,n) are defined in A163931. The asymptotic expansion of the E(x,m=2,n) ~ (exp(-x)/x^2)*(1 - (1+2*n)/x + (2+6*n+3*n^2)/x^2 - (6+22*n+18*n^2+ 4*n^3)/x^3 + ... ) is discussed in A028421. The formula for the asymptotic expansion leads for n = 1, 2, 3, .., to the left hand columns of the triangle given above.

The recurrence relations of the right hand columns of this triangle lead to Pascal's triangle A007318, their a(n) formulas lead to Wiggen's triangle A028421 and their o.g.f.s lead to Wood's polynomials A126671; cf. A080663, A165676, A165677, A165678 and A165679.

The row sums of this triangle lead to A093344. Surprisingly the e.g.f. of the row sums Egf(x) = (exp(1)*Ei(1,1-x) - exp(1)*Ei(1,1))/(1-x) leads to the exponential integrals in view of the fact that E(x,m=1,n=1) = Ei(n=1,x). We point out that exp(1)*Ei(1,1) = A073003.

The Maple programs generate the coefficients of the triangle given above. The first one makes use of a relation between the triangle coefficients, see the formulas, and the second one makes use of the asymptotic expansions of the E(x,m=2,n).

Amarnath Murthy discovered triangle A093905 which is the reversal of our triangle.

A165675 is an extended version of this triangle. Its reversal is A105954.

Triangle A094587 is generated by the asymptotic expansions of E(x,m=1,n).