A163782 -id:A163782 - cp's OEIS frontend

A001122 Primes with primitive root 2.

3, 5, 11, 13, 19, 29, 37, 53, 59, 61, 67, 83, 101, 107, 131, 139, 149, 163, 173, 179, 181, 197, 211, 227, 269, 293, 317, 347, 349, 373, 379, 389, 419, 421, 443, 461, 467, 491, 509, 523, 541, 547, 557, 563, 587, 613, 619, 653, 659, 661, 677, 701, 709, 757, 773, 787, 797

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane

Artin conjectured that this sequence is infinite.
Conjecture: sequence contains infinitely many pairs of twin primes. - Benoit Cloitre, May 08 2003
Pieter Moree writes (Oct 20 2004): Assuming the Generalized Riemann Hypothesis, it can be shown that the density of primes p such that a prescribed integer g has order (p-1)/t, with t fixed, exists and, moreover, it can be computed. This density will be a rational number times the so-called Artin constant. For 2 and 10 the density of primitive roots is A, the Artin constant itself.
It seems that this sequence consists of A050229 \ {1,2}.
Primes p such that 1/p, when written in base 2, has period p-1, which is the greatest period possible for any integer.
Positive integer 2*m-1 is in the sequence iff A179382(m)=m-1. - Vladimir Shevelev, Jul 14 2010
These are the odd primes p for which the polynomial 1+x+x^2+...+x^(p-1) is irreducible over GF(2). - V. Raman, Sep 17 2012 [Corrected by N. J. A. Sloane, Oct 17 2012]
Prime(n) is in the sequence if (and conjecturally only if) A133954(n) = prime(n). - Vladimir Shevelev, Aug 30 2013
Pollack shows that, on the GRH, that there is some C such that a(n+1) - a(n) < C infinitely often (in fact, 1 can be replaced by any positive integer). Further, for any m, a(n), a(n+1), ..., a(n+m) are consecutive primes infinitely often. - Charles R Greathouse IV, Jan 05 2015
From Jianing Song, Apr 27 2019: (Start)
All terms are congruent to 3 or 5 modulo 8. If we define
  Pi(N,b) = # {p prime, p <= N, p == b (mod 8)};
     Q(N) = # {p prime, p <= N, p in this sequence},
then by Artin's conjecture, Q(N) ~ C*N/log(N) ~ 2*C*(Pi(N,3) + Pi(N,5)), where C = A005596 is Artin's constant.
Conjecture: if we further define
   Q(N,b) = # {p prime, p <= N, p == b (mod 8), p in this sequence},
then we have:
   Q(N,3) ~ (1/2)*Q(N) ~ C*Pi(N,3);
   Q(N,5) ~ (1/2)*Q(N) ~ C*Pi(N,5). (End)
Conjecture: for a prime p > 5, p has primitive root 2 iff p == +-3 (mod 8) divides 2^k + 3 for some k < p - 1 and divides 2^m + 5 for some m < p - 1. It seems that all primes of the form 2^k + 3 for k <> 2 (A057732) have primitive root 2. - Thomas Ordowski, Nov 27 2023

M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions, National Bureau of Standards Applied Math. Series 55, 1964 (and various reprintings), p. 864.
E. Bach and Jeffrey Shallit, Algorithmic Number Theory, I; see p. 221.
J. H. Conway and R. K. Guy, The Book of Numbers, Copernicus Press, New York, 1996; see p. 169.
M. Kraitchik, Recherches sur la Théorie des Nombres. Gauthiers-Villars, Paris, Vol. 1, 1924, Vol. 2, 1929, see Vol. 1, p. 56.
Lehmer, D. H. and Lehmer, Emma; Heuristics, anyone? in Studies in mathematical analysis and related topics, pp. 202-210, Stanford Univ. Press, Stanford, Calif., 1962.
Paulo Ribenboim, The Little Book of Bigger Primes, Springer-Verlag NY 2004. See p. 20.
D. Shanks, Solved and Unsolved Problems in Number Theory, 2nd. ed., Chelsea, 1978, p. 81.
N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Antti Karttunen, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000 (first 1000 terms from T. D. Noe)
M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions, National Bureau of Standards, Applied Math. Series 55, Tenth Printing, 1972 [alternative scanned copy].
Joerg Arndt, Matters Computational (The Fxtbook), pp. 876-878.
Richard Bartels, Generalized Loewy Length of Cohen-Macaulay Local and Graded Rings, arXiv:2308.14932 [math.AC], 2023. See p. 10.
J. Conde, M. Miller, J. M. Miret, and K. Saurav, On the Nonexistence of Almost Moore Digraphs of Degree Four and Five, Mathematics in Computer Science, 9(2) (2015), 145-149.
Jonathan Detchart and Jérôme Lacan, Improving the coding speed of erasure codes with polynomial ring transforms, arXiv:1709.00178 [cs.IT], 2017.
K. Dilcher and L. Ericksen, Reducibility and irreducibility of Stern (0, 1)-polynomials, Communications in Mathematics, 22 (2014), 77-102.
Gabriele Fici and Estéban Gabory, Generalized De Bruijn Words, Invertible Necklaces, and the Burrows-Wheeler Transform, arXiv:2502.12844 [math.CO], 2025. See p. 12.
R. Gupta and M. R. Murty, A remark on Artin's conjecture, Invent. Math. 78 (1984), 127-230.
C. Hooley, On Artin's conjecture, J. Reine Angewandte Math., 225 (1967), 209-220.
Florian Ingels, Anaïs Denis, and Bastien Cazaux, Decomposing Words for Enhanced Compression: Exploring the Number of Runs in the Extended Burrows-Wheeler Transform, arXiv:2506.04926 [cs.DS], 2025. See p. 15.
Robert Jackson, Dmitriy Rumynin and Oleg V. Zaboronski, An approach to RAID-6 based on cyclic groups, Applied Mathematics & Information Sciences, 5(2) (2011), 148-170.
Jonas Kaiser, On the relationship between the Collatz conjecture and Mersenne prime numbers, arXiv:1608.00862 [math.GM], 2016.
Sihem Mesnager and Jean-Pierre Flori, A note on hyper-bent functions via Dillon-like exponents, IACR, Report 2012/033, 2012.
F. Pillichshammer, Bounds for the quality parameter of digital shift nets over Z_2, Finite Fields Applic., 8 (2002), 444-454.
Pieter Moree, Artin's primitive root conjecture-a survey, arXiv:math/0412262 [math.NT], 2004-2012.
Paul Pollack, Bounded gaps between primes with a given primitive root, arXiv:1404.4007 [math.NT], 2014.
Vladimir Shevelev, On the Newman sum over multiples of a prime with a primitive or semiprimitive root 2, arXiv:0710.1354 [math.NT], 2007.
Stephan Tornier, Groups Acting on Trees With Prescribed Local Action, arXiv:2002.09876 [math.GR], 2020.
Qifu Tyler Sun, Hanqi Tang, Zongpeng Li, Xiaolong Yang, and Keping Long, Circular-shift Linear Network Codes with Arbitrary Odd Block Lengths, arXiv:1806.04635 [cs.IT], 2018.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Artin's constant.
Wikipedia, Artin's conjecture on primitive roots.
Index entries for sequences related to Artin's conjecture
Index entries for primes by primitive root

Cf. A001123, A001913, A001917, A005596 (Artin's constant), A050229, A071642, A127209, A163782, A292270.
Cf. A002326 for the multiplicative order of 2 mod 2n+1. (Alternatively, the least positive value of m such that 2n+1 divides 2^m-1).
Cf. A216838 (Odd primes for which 2 is not a primitive root).

Select[ Prime@Range@200, PrimitiveRoot@# == 2 &] (* Robert G. Wilson v, May 11 2001 *)
pr = 2; Select[Prime[Range[200]], MultiplicativeOrder[pr, # ] == # - 1 &] (* N. J. A. Sloane, Jun 01 2010 *)

forprime(p=3, 1000, if(znorder(Mod(2, p))==(p-1), print1(p,", "))); \\ [corrected by Michel Marcus, Oct 08 2014]

from itertools import islice
from sympy import nextprime, is_primitive_root
def A001122_gen(): # generator of terms
    p = 2
    while (p:=nextprime(p)):
        if is_primitive_root(2,p):
            yield p
A001122_list = list(islice(A001122_gen(),30)) # Chai Wah Wu, Feb 13 2023

Delta(a(n),2^a(n)*x) = a(n)*Delta(a(n),2*x), where Delta(k,x) is the difference between numbers of evil(A001969) and odious(A000069) integers divisible by k in interval [0,x). - Vladimir Shevelev, Aug 30 2013

For n >= 2, a(n) = 1 + 2*A163782(n-1). - Antti Karttunen, Oct 07 2017

A071642 Numbers n such that x^n + x^(n-1) + x^(n-2) + ... + x + 1 is irreducible over GF(2).

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 2, 4, 10, 12, 18, 28, 36, 52, 58, 60, 66, 82, 100, 106, 130, 138, 148, 162, 172, 178, 180, 196, 210, 226, 268, 292, 316, 346, 348, 372, 378, 388, 418, 420, 442, 460, 466, 490, 508, 522, 540, 546, 556, 562, 586, 612, 618, 652, 658, 660, 676, 700, 708, 756, 772

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane, Jun 22 2002

All such polynomials of odd degree > 1 are reducible over GF(2).
For n >= 2, a(n) = A001122(n-2) - 1 due to the relationship between cycles and irreducibility. - T. D. Noe, Sep 09 2003
n such that a type-1 optimal normal basis of GF(2^n) (over GF(2)) exists. The corresponding field polynomial is the all-ones polynomial x^n+x^(n-1)+...+1. - Joerg Arndt, Feb 25 2008
From Peter R. J. Asveld, Aug 13 2009: (Start)
a(n) is also the n-th S-prime (Shuffle prime)
For N>=2, the family of shuffle permutations is defined by
p(m,N) = 2m (mod N+1) if N is even,
p(m,N) = 2m (mod N) if N is odd and 1<=mp(N,N) = N if N is odd.
N is S-prime if p(m,N) consists of a single cycle of length N.
So all S-primes are even.
N is S-prime iff p=N+1 is an odd prime number and +2 generates Z_p^* (the multiplicative group of Z_p).
a(n)/2 results in the Josephus_2-primes (A163782). Considered as sets a(n)/2 is the union of A163777 and A163779. If b(n) denotes the dual shuffle primes (A163776), then the union of a(n)/2 and b(n)/2 is equal to the Twist-primes or Queneau numbers (A054639); their intersection is equal to the Archimedes_0-primes (A163777). (End)
Conjecture: Terms >= 2 are numbers n such that P^n + P^(n-1) + P^(n-2) + ... + P + 1 is irreducible over GF(2), where P=x^2+x+1. - Luis H. Gallardo, Dec 23 2019

			For n=4 and n=6 we obtain the permutations (1 2 4 3) and (1 2 4)(3 6 5): 4 is S-prime, but 6 is not. [_Peter R. J. Asveld_, Aug 13 2009]

P. R. J. Asveld, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..3605
Joerg Arndt, Matters Computational (The Fxtbook), section 42.9 "Gaussian normal bases", pp.914-920
P. R. J. Asveld, Permuting operations on strings and their relation to prime numbers, Discrete Applied Mathematics 159 (2011) 1915-1932.
P. R. J. Asveld, Permuting operations on strings and the distribution of their prime numbers, (2011), TR-CTIT-11-24, Dept. of CS, Twente University of Technology, Enschede, The Netherlands.
P. R. J. Asveld, Some Families of Permutations and Their Primes (2009), TR-CTIT-09-27, Dept. of CS, Twente University of Technology, Enschede, The Netherlands.
P. R. J. Asveld, Permuting Operations on Strings-Their Permutations and Their Primes, Twente University of Technology, 2014.
Hélianthe Caure, Canons rythmiques et pavages modulaires, Thesis Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2016. See page 108. In French.
H. Caure, C. Agon, and M. Andreatta, Modulus p Rhythmic Tiling Canons and some implementations in Open Music visual programming language, in Proceedings ICMC|SMC|2014 14-20 September 2014, Athens, Greece.
M. Olofsson, VLSI Aspects on Inversion in Finite Fields, Dissertation No. 731, Dept. Elect. Engin., Linkoping, Sweden, 2002.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Irreducible Polynomial
Index entries for sequences related to the Josephus Problem

Cf. A001122 (primes with primitive root 2).

Join[{0, 1}, Reap[For[p = 2, p < 10^3, p = NextPrime[p], If[ MultiplicativeOrder[2, p] == p-1, Sow[p-1]]]][[2, 1]]] (* Jean-François Alcover, Dec 10 2015, adapted from PARI *)

forprime(p=3,1000,if(znorder(Mod(2,p))==p-1,print1(p-1,", "))) /* Joerg Arndt, Jul 05 2011 */

Extended by Robert G. Wilson v, Jun 24 2002

Initial terms of b-file corrected by N. J. A. Sloane, Aug 31 2009

A054639 Queneau numbers: numbers n such that the Queneau-Daniel permutation {1, 2, 3, ..., n} -> {n, 1, n-1, 2, n-2, 3, ...} is of order n.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 9, 11, 14, 18, 23, 26, 29, 30, 33, 35, 39, 41, 50, 51, 53, 65, 69, 74, 81, 83, 86, 89, 90, 95, 98, 99, 105, 113, 119, 131, 134, 135, 146, 155, 158, 173, 174, 179, 183, 186, 189, 191, 194, 209, 210, 221, 230, 231, 233, 239

Offset: 1

Gilles Esposito-Farese (gef(AT)cpt.univ-mrs.fr), May 17 2000

nonn

The troubadour Arnaut Daniel composed sestinas based on the permutation 123456 -> 615243, which cycles after 6 iterations.
Roubaud quotes the number 141, but the corresponding Queneau-Daniel permutation is only of order 47 = 141/3.
This appears to coincide with the numbers n such that a type-2 optimal normal basis exists for GF(2^n) over GF(2). But are these two sequences really the same? - Joerg Arndt, Feb 11 2008
The answer is Yes - see Theorem 2 of the Dumas reference. [Jean-Guillaume Dumas (Jean-Guillaume.Dumas(AT)imag.fr), Mar 20 2008]
From Peter R. J. Asveld, Aug 17 2009: (Start)
a(n) is the n-th T-prime (Twist prime). For N >= 2, the family of twist permutations is defined by
p(m,N) == +2m (mod 2N+1) if 1 <= m < k = ceiling((N+1)/2),
p(m,N) == -2m (mod 2N+1) if k <= m < N.
N is T-prime if p(m,N) consists of a single cycle of length N.
The twist permutation is the inverse of the Queneau-Daniel permutation.
N is T-prime iff p=2N+1 is a prime number and exactly one of the following three conditions holds;
(1) N == 1 (mod 4) and +2 generates Z_p^* (the multiplicative group of Z_p) but -2 does not,
(2) N == 2 (mod 4) and both +2 and -2 generate Z_p^*,
(3) N == 3 (mod 4) and -2 generate Z_p^* but +2 does not. (End)
The sequence name says the permutation is of order n, but P. R. J. Asveld's comment says it's an n-cycle. Is there a proof that those conditions are equivalent for the Queneau-Daniel permutation? (They are not equivalent for any arbitrary permutation; e.g., (123)(45)(6) has order 6 but isn't a 6-cycle.) More generally, I have found that for all n <= 9450, (order of Queneau-Daniel permutation) = (length of orbit of 1) = A003558(n). Does this hold for all n? - David Wasserman, Aug 30 2011

			For N=6 and N=7 we obtain the permutations (1 2 4 5 3 6) and (1 2 4 7)(3 6)(5): 6 is T-prime, but 7 is not. - _Peter R. J. Asveld_, Aug 17 2009

Raymond Queneau, Note complémentaire sur la Sextaine, Subsidia Pataphysica 1 (1963), pp. 79-80.
Jacques Roubaud, Bibliothèque Oulipienne No 65 (1992) and 66 (1993).

P. R. J. Asveld, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10085
Jean-Paul Allouche, Manon Stipulanti, and Jia-Yan Yao, Doubling modulo odd integers, generalizations, and unexpected occurrences, arXiv:2504.17564 [math.NT], 2025.
Joerg Arndt, Matters Computational (The Fxtbook), section 42.9 "Gaussian normal bases", pp. 914-920
P. R. J. Asveld, Permuting operations on strings and their relation to prime numbers, Discrete Applied Mathematics 159 (2011) 1915-1932.
P. R. J. Asveld, Permuting operations on strings and the distribution of their prime numbers, TR-CTIT-11-24, Dept. of CS, Twente University of Technology, Enschede, The Netherlands.
P. R. J. Asveld, Some families of permutations and their primes (2009), TR-CTIT-09-27, Dept. of CS, Twente University of Technology, Enschede, The Netherlands.
P. R. J. Asveld, Queneau Numbers--Recent Results and a Bibliography, University of Twente, 2013.
P. R. J. Asveld, Permuting Operations on Strings-Their Permutations and Their Primes, Twente University of Technology, 2014.
Michèle Audin, Poésie, Spirales, et Battements de Cartes, Images des Mathématiques, CNRS, 2019 (in French).
M. Bringer, Sur un problème de R. Queneau, Math. Sci. Humaines No. 25 (1969) 13-20.
Jean-Guillaume Dumas, Caractérisation des Quenines et leur représentation spirale, Mathématiques et Sciences Humaines, Centre de Mathématique Sociale et de statistique, EPHE, 2008, 184 (4), pp. 9-23, hal-00188240.
G. Esposito-Farese, C program
Index entries for sequences related to the Josephus Problem

Not to be confused with Queneau's "s-additive sequences", see A003044.
A005384 is a subsequence.
Union of A163782 (Josephus_2-primes) and A163781 (dual Josephus_2-primes); also the union of A163777 (Archimedes_0-primes) and A163778 (Archimedes_1-primes); also the union of A071642/2 (shuffle primes) and A163776/2 (dual shuffle primes). - Peter R. J. Asveld, Aug 17 2009
Cf. A216371, A003558 (for which a(n) == n).

QD:= proc(n) local i;
  if n::even then map(op,[seq([n-i,i+1],i=0..n/2-1)])
  else map(op, [seq([n-i,i+1],i=0..(n-1)/2-1),[(n+1)/2]])
  fi
end proc:
select(n -> GroupTheory:-PermOrder(Perm(QD(n)))=n, [$1..1000]); # Robert Israel, May 01 2016

a[p_] := Sum[Cos[2^n Pi/((2 p + 1) )], {n, 1, p}];
Select[Range[500],Reduce[a[#] == -1/2, Rationals] &] (* Gerry Martens, May 01 2016 *)

is(n)=
{
    if (n==1, return(1));
    my( m=n%4 );
    if ( m==4, return(0) );
    my(p=2*n+1, r=znorder(Mod(2,p)));
    if ( !isprime(p), return(0) );
    if ( m==3 && r==n, return(1) );
    if ( r==2*n, return(1) ); \\ r == 1 or 2
    return(0);
}
for(n=1,10^3, if(is(n),print1(n,", ")) );
\\ Joerg Arndt, May 02 2016

a(n) = (A216371(n)-1)/2. - L. Edson Jeffery, Dec 18 2012

a(n) >> n log n, and on the Bateman-Horn-Stemmler conjecture a(n) << n log^2 n. I imagine a(n) ≍ n log n, and numerics suggest that perhaps a(n) ~ kn log n for some constant k (which seems to be around 1.122). - Charles R Greathouse IV, Aug 02 2023

A051732 Number of rounds of shuffling required to restore a deck of n cards to its original order: shuffling is done by keeping first card, putting second at end of deck, keeping next, putting next at end and so on.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 5, 6, 6, 4, 9, 4, 28, 10, 9, 14, 12, 5, 70, 18, 24, 10, 7, 210, 126, 110, 60, 26, 120, 9, 29, 30, 60, 6, 33, 308, 42, 60, 990, 30, 374, 27, 41, 60, 2618, 840, 840, 420, 1386, 24, 15, 50, 644, 840, 53, 18, 1386, 14, 13300, 2520, 1260, 55, 6930, 50, 60, 7

Offset: 1

Marie-Christine Haton (Marie-Christine.Haton(AT)loria.fr)

From Andrew Howroyd, Nov 11 2017:(Start)
The shuffling process is the same as the 'deal one, skip one' method described in A289386 except that dealt cards are placed face up. With this variation the first card always remains the first card.
Equivalently, place the numbers 1..n-1 on a circle and cyclically mark the 2nd unmarked number until all numbers are marked. The sequence in which the numbers are marked defines a permutation. The order of this permutation is a(n). The numbers 1..n can also be used, but in that case the number 1 should be marked first.
(End)

			From _Andrew Howroyd_, Nov 11 2017: (Start)
a(6) = 5 because it takes 5 rounds of shuffling to return the cards to their original order as illustrated below:
1 2 3 4 5 6
1 3 5 2 6 4
1 5 6 3 4 2
1 6 4 5 2 3
1 4 2 6 3 5
1 2 3 4 5 6
(End)

Andrew Howroyd, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..2000
Gary Antonick, The Polka Dot Puzzle, NY Times Wordplay blog.

Cf. A163782, A289386.

P(n,i)={my(d=2*n+1-2*i); while(ds, k++; t=f(t)); if(s==t, k, 0)}
CyclePoly(n,x)={my(q=0); for(i=1, n, my(l=Follow(i,j->P(n,j))); if(l,q+=x^l)); q}
a(n)={my(q=CyclePoly(n,x), m=1); for(i=1,poldegree(q),if(polcoeff(q,i), m=lcm(m,i))); m} \\ Andrew Howroyd, Nov 11 2017

a(2^n+1) = n+1. - Ripatti A. (ripatti(AT)inbox.ru), Feb 04 2010

a(A163782(n)+1) = A163782(n). - Andrew Howroyd, Nov 11 2017

Name clarified by Andrew Howroyd, Nov 11 2017

A163777 Even terms in the sequence of Queneau numbers A054639.

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 6, 14, 18, 26, 30, 50, 74, 86, 90, 98, 134, 146, 158, 174, 186, 194, 210, 230, 254, 270, 278, 306, 326, 330, 338, 350, 354, 378, 386, 398, 410, 414, 426, 438, 470, 530, 554, 558, 606, 614, 618, 638, 650, 686, 690, 726, 746, 774, 810, 818, 834, 846, 866, 870

Offset: 1

Peter R. J. Asveld, Aug 11 2009

nonn

Previous name was: a(n) is the n-th A_0-prime (Archimedes_0 prime).

We have: (1) N is A_0-prime if and only if N is even, p = 2N + 1 is a prime number and both +2 and -2 generate Z_p^* (the multiplicative group of Z_p); (2) N is A_0-prime if and only if N = 2 (mod 4), p = 2N + 1 is a prime number and both +2 and -2 generate Z_p^*.

P. R. J. Asveld, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..3378.
P. R. J. Asveld, Permuting operations on strings and their relation to prime numbers, Discrete Applied Mathematics 159 (2011), 1915-1932.
P. R. J. Asveld, Permuting operations on strings and the distribution of their prime numbers (2011), TR-CTIT-11-24, Dept. of CS, Twente University of Technology, Enschede, The Netherlands.
P. R. J. Asveld, Some Families of Permutations and Their Primes (2009), TR-CTIT-09-27, Dept. of CS, Twente University of Technology, Enschede, The Netherlands.
P. R. J. Asveld, Permuting Operations on Strings-Their Permutations and Their Primes, Twente University of Technology, 2014. Another link.
Index entries for sequences related to the Josephus Problem

The A_0-primes are the even T- or Twist-primes, these T-primes are equal to the Queneau-numbers (A054639). For the related A_1-, A^+_1- and A^-_1-primes, see A163778, A163779 and A163780. Considered as sets A163777 is the intersection of the Josephus_2-primes (A163782) and the dual Josephus_2-primes (A163781), it also equals the difference of A054639 and the A_1-primes (A163779).

Cf. A137310.

okQ[n_] := EvenQ[n] && PrimeQ[2n+1] && MultiplicativeOrder[2, 2n+1] == 2n;
Select[Range[1000], okQ] (* Jean-François Alcover, Sep 10 2019, from PARI *)

Follow(s, f)={my(t=f(s), k=1); while(t>s, k++; t=f(t)); if(s==t, k, 0)}
ok(n)={n>1 && n==Follow(1, j->ceil((n+1)/2) - (-1)^j*ceil((j-1)/2))}
select(ok, [1..1000]) \\ Andrew Howroyd, Nov 11 2017

ok(n)={n%2==0 && isprime(2*n+1) && znorder(Mod(2, 2*n+1)) == 2*n}
select(ok, [1..1000]) \\ Andrew Howroyd, Nov 11 2017

a(n) = 2*A137310(n). - Andrew Howroyd, Nov 11 2017

Definition simplified by Michel Marcus, May 27 2013
a(33)-a(55) from Andrew Howroyd, Nov 11 2017
New name from Joerg Arndt, Mar 23 2018, edited by M. F. Hasler, Mar 24 2018

A292270 Sum of all partial fractions in the algorithm used for calculation of A002326(n).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 4, 1, 13, 25, 36, 1, 38, 81, 12, 26, 124, 121, 196, 1, 103, 73, 324, 42, 224, 175, 91, 147, 232, 14, 676, 170, 303, 841, 900, 1, 264, 1089, 385, 364, 93, 301, 585, 563, 1093, 1681, 44, 355, 152, 118, 83, 484, 1254, 763, 2500, 1043, 156, 2809, 996, 564, 952, 931, 71, 387, 3325, 176, 3124, 1, 649, 4225, 554, 1081

Offset: 0

Vladimir Shevelev and Antti Karttunen, Oct 05 2017

nonn

This sequence gives important additional insight into the algorithm for the calculation of A002326 (see A179680 for its description). Let us estimate how many steps are required before (the first) 1 will appear. Note that all partial fractions (which are indeed, integers) are odd residues modulo 2*n+1 from the interval [1,2*n-1]. So, if there is no repetition, then the number of steps does not exceed n. Suppose then that there is a repetition before the appearance of 1. Then for an odd residue k from [1, 2*n-1], 2^m_1 == 2^m_2 == k (mod 2*n+1) such that m_2 > m_1. But then 2^(m_2-m_1) == 1 (mod 2*n+1). So, since m_2 - m_1 < m_2, it means that 1 should appear earlier than the repetition of k, which is a contradiction. So the number of steps <= n. For example, for n=9, 2*n+1 = 19, we have exactly 9 steps with all other odd residues <= 17 modulo 19 appearing before the final 1: 5, 3, 11, 15, 17, 9, 7, 13, 1.

A001122 gives the odd numbers k such that a((k-1)/2) = A000290((k-1)/2).

			Let n = 9. According to the comment, a(9) = 5 + 3 + 11 + 15 + 17 + 9 + 7 + 13 + 1 = 81.

Antti Karttunen, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..10001

Cf. A000265, A000290, A001122, A001917, A002326, A006519, A163782, A179382, A179680, A292239, A292265, A292947, A293218, A293219.

Cf. A000225 (gives the positions of ones), A292938 (of squares), A292939 (and the corresponding odd numbers), A292940 (odd numbers corresponding to squares larger than one), A292379 (odd numbers corresponding to squares less than n^2).

A000265(n) = (n >> valuation(n, 2));
A006519(n) = 2^valuation(n, 2);
A292270(n) = { my(x = n+n+1, z = ((1+x)/A006519(1+x)), m = A000265(1+x)); while(m!=1, z += ((x+m)/A006519(x+m)); m = A000265(x+m)); z; };

(define (A292270 n) (let ((x (+ n n 1))) (let loop ((z (/ (+ 1 x) (A006519 (+ 1 x)))) (k 1)) (let ((m (A000265 (+ x k)))) (if (= 1 m) z (loop (+ z (/ (+ x m) (A006519 (+ x m)))) m))))))

For all n >= 1, A000196(a((A001122(1+n)-1)/2)) = (A001122(1+n)-1)/2, in other words, a(A163782(n)) = A000290(A163782(n)).

A163779 Numbers k of the form 4j + 1 such that 2k + 1 is a prime with primitive root 2.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 5, 9, 29, 33, 41, 53, 65, 69, 81, 89, 105, 113, 173, 189, 209, 221, 233, 245, 261, 273, 281, 293, 309, 329, 393, 413, 429, 441, 453, 473, 509, 545, 561, 585, 593, 629, 641, 645, 653, 713, 725, 741, 749, 761, 765, 785, 809, 833, 873, 893, 933, 953, 965, 989, 993

Offset: 1

Peter R. J. Asveld, Aug 12 2009

nonn

Previous name was: a(n) is the n-th A^+_1-prime (Archimedes^+_1 prime).

N is A^+_1-prime iff N=1 (mod 4), p=2N+1 is a prime number and +2 generates Z_p^* (the multiplicative group of Z_p) but -2 does not.

Joerg Arndt, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000 (first 3328 from P. R. J. Asveld)
P. R. J. Asveld, Permuting operations on strings and their relation to prime numbers, Discrete Applied Mathematics 159 (2011) 1915-1932.
P. R. J. Asveld, Permuting operations on strings and the distribution of their prime numbers (2011), TR-CTIT-11-24, Dept. of CS, Twente University of Technology, Enschede, The Netherlands.
P. R. J. Asveld, Some Families of Permutations and Their Primes (2009), TR-CTIT-09-27, Dept. of CS, Twente University of Technology, Enschede, The Netherlands.
P. R. J. Asveld, Permuting Operations on Strings-Their Permutations and Their Primes, Twente University of Technology, 2014.
P. Michael Hutchins, Reworded Definition

The A^+_1-primes are the T- or Twist-primes congruent 1 (mod 4), these T-primes are equal to the Queneau-numbers (A054639). For the related A_0-, A_1- and A^-_1-primes, see A163777, A163778 and A163780. Considered as sets the union of A163779 and A163780 equals A163778, the union of A163779 and A163777 is equal to A163782 (J_2-primes).

okQ[n_] := Mod[n, 4] == 1 && PrimeQ[2n+1] && MultiplicativeOrder[2, 2n+1] == 2n;
Select[Range[1000], okQ] (* Jean-François Alcover, Jun 30 2018, after Andrew Howroyd *)

ok(n) = n%4==1 && isprime(2*n+1) && znorder(Mod(2, 2*n+1))==2*n;
select(ok, [1..1000]) \\ Andrew Howroyd, Nov 11 2017

2 * a(n) + 1 = A213051(n+1). - Joerg Arndt, Mar 23 2018

a(32)-a(55) from Andrew Howroyd, Nov 11 2017

Term 1 prepended and new name from Joerg Arndt, Mar 23 2018

A163781 a(n) is the n-th dJ_2 prime (dual Josephus_2 prime).

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 3, 6, 11, 14, 18, 23, 26, 30, 35, 39, 50, 51, 74, 83, 86, 90, 95, 98, 99, 119, 131, 134, 135, 146, 155, 158, 174, 179, 183, 186, 191, 194, 210, 230, 231, 239, 243, 251, 254, 270, 278, 299, 303, 306, 323, 326, 330, 338, 350, 354, 359, 371, 375, 378

Offset: 1

Peter R. J. Asveld, Aug 17 2009

nonn

The family of dual Josephus_2 (or dJ_2) permutations is defined by p(m,N)=(2N + 1 - F(m,2N + 1))/2 if 1<=m<=N, N>=2, where F(x,y) is the odd number such that 1<=F(x,y)=0. Note that F(2k + 1,y)=2k + 1 for 2k + 1

dJ_2 permutations can also be defined using a numbering/elimination procedure similar to the definition of the Josephus_2 permutations in [R.L. Graham et al.], or in A163782; see [P. R. J. Asveld].

No formula is known for a(n): the dJ_2 primes have been found by exhaustive search. But we have: (1) N is dJ_2 prime iff p=2N+1 is a prime number and -2 generates Z_p^* (the multiplicative group of Z_p); (2) N is dJ_2 prime iff p=2N+1 is a prime number and exactly one of the following holds:

(a) N=2 (mod 4) and both +2 and -2 generate Z_p^*,

(b) N=3 (mod 4) and -2 generates Z_p^* but +2 does not.

			For N=6 we have
  m       | 1   2   3   4   5   6
  --------+----------------------
  F(m,13) | 1   7   3  11   5   9
  t       | 0   2   0   1   0   3
  p(m,6)  | 6   3   5   1   4   2
So the permutation is (1 6 2 3 5 4) and 6 is dJ_2 prime.

R. L. Graham, D. E. Knuth & O. Patashnik, Concrete Mathematics (1989), Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA. Sections 1.3 & 3.3.

P. R. J. Asveld, Table of n, a(n) for n=1..6756
P. R. J. Asveld, Permuting operations on strings and their relation to prime numbers, Discrete Applied Mathematics 159 (2011) 1915-1932.
P. R. J. Asveld, Permuting operations on strings and the distribution of their prime numbers (2011), TR-CTIT-11-24, Dept. of CS, Twente University of Technology, Enschede, The Netherlands.
P. R. J. Asveld, Some Families of Permutations and Their Primes (2009), TR-CTIT-09-27, Dept. of CS, Twente University of Technology, Enschede, The Netherlands.
P. R. J. Asveld, Permuting Operations on Strings-Their Permutations and Their Primes, Twente University of Technology, 2014. University link.
Index entries for sequences related to the Josephus Problem

Considered as sets the union of A163781 and A163782 (J_2 primes) equals A054639 (T-primes or Queneau numbers), their intersection is equal to A163777 (Archimedes_0 primes). A163781 equals the union of A163777 and A163780 (Archimedes^-_1 primes).

okQ[n_] := Mod[n, 4] >= 2 && PrimeQ[2n+1] && MultiplicativeOrder[2, 2n+1] == If[OddQ[n], n, 2n];
Select[Range[1000], okQ] (* Jean-François Alcover, Sep 23 2019, from PARI *)

ok(n)={n%4>=2 && isprime(2*n+1) && znorder(Mod(2, 2*n+1)) == if(n%2,n,2*n)};
select(ok, [1..1000]) \\ Andrew Howroyd, Nov 11 2017

a(37)-a(55) from Andrew Howroyd, Nov 11 2017

A103579 Sophie Germain primes that are not Lucasian primes: primes p not 3 (mod 4) such that 2p + 1 is prime.

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 5, 29, 41, 53, 89, 113, 173, 233, 281, 293, 509, 593, 641, 653, 761, 809, 953, 1013, 1049, 1229, 1289, 1409, 1481, 1601, 1733, 1889, 1901, 1973, 2069, 2129, 2141, 2273, 2393, 2549, 2693, 2741, 2753, 2969, 3329, 3389, 3413, 3449, 3593, 3761, 3821, 4073, 4349, 4373, 4409, 4481, 4733, 4793, 5081

Offset: 1

Jonathan Vos Post, Mar 23 2005

For n > 1, the prime 2*a(n) + 1 is the smallest prime divisor of (2^a(n) + 1)/3. - Emmanuel Vantieghem, Aug 12 2018
Primes p such that 2*p+1 divides 2^p+1. - Hilko Koning, Sep 21 2021
Subset of Josephus_2 primes {A163782} that are themselves also prime. - Joe Nellis, Dec 27 2022

Harvey P. Dale, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..1000
Luis Henri Gallardo, Bell Numbers Modulo p, Appl. Math. E-Notes (2023) Vol. 23, 40-48. See p. 43.

Cf. A002144, A002515, A005384, A163782.

select(t -> isprime(t) and isprime(2*t+1),[2,seq(4*k+1,k=1..10000)]); # Robert Israel, May 20 2015

Select[Prime[Range[500]], PrimeQ[2#+ 1 ] && Mod[#, 4] != 3 &] (* Harvey P. Dale, Jun 15 2013 *)
Select[4Range[100] + 1, PrimeQ[#] && PrimeQ[2# + 1] &] (* Alonso del Arte, Jun 01 2019 *)

forprime(p=2,10^4,if((p%4!=3)&&isprime(2*p+1),print1(p,", "))); \\ Joerg Arndt, Nov 18 2014

More terms from Vladimir Joseph Stephan Orlovsky, Jul 07 2009

Showing 1-10 of 30 results. Next

Place the numbers 1..N (N>=2) on a circle and cyclicly mark the 20th unmarked number until all N numbers are marked. The order in which the N numbers are marked defines a permutation; N is a J_20-prime if this permutation consists of a single cycle of length N.

There are 16 J_20-primes in the interval 2..1000000 only. No formula is known; the J_20-primes were found by exhaustive search.

cp's OEIS Frontend

A001122 Primes with primitive root 2.

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A163800 a(n) is the n-th J_20-prime (Josephus_20 prime).

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A071642 Numbers n such that x^n + x^(n-1) + x^(n-2) + ... + x + 1 is irreducible over GF(2).

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A054639 Queneau numbers: numbers n such that the Queneau-Daniel permutation {1, 2, 3, ..., n} -> {n, 1, n-1, 2, n-2, 3, ...} is of order n.

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A051732 Number of rounds of shuffling required to restore a deck of n cards to its original order: shuffling is done by keeping first card, putting second at end of deck, keeping next, putting next at end and so on.

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A163777 Even terms in the sequence of Queneau numbers A054639.

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A292270 Sum of all partial fractions in the algorithm used for calculation of A002326(n).

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A163779 Numbers k of the form 4j + 1 such that 2k + 1 is a prime with primitive root 2.