A048854 -id:A048854 - cp's OEIS frontend

A060081 Exponential Riordan array (sech(x), tanh(x)).

1, 0, 1, -1, 0, 1, 0, -5, 0, 1, 5, 0, -14, 0, 1, 0, 61, 0, -30, 0, 1, -61, 0, 331, 0, -55, 0, 1, 0, -1385, 0, 1211, 0, -91, 0, 1, 1385, 0, -12284, 0, 3486, 0, -140, 0, 1, 0, 50521, 0, -68060, 0, 8526, 0, -204, 0, 1, -50521, 0, 663061

Offset: 0

Wolfdieter Lang, Mar 29 2001

Previous name was: "Triangle of coefficients (lower triangular matrix) of certain (binomial) convolution polynomials related to 1/cosh(x) and tanh(x). Use trigonometric functions for the unsigned version".
Row sums give A009265(n) (signed); A009244(n) (unsigned). Column sequences without interspersed zeros and unsigned: A000364 (Euler), A000364, A060075-8 for m=0,...,5.
a(n,m) = ((-1)^((n-m)/2))*ay(m+1,(n-m)/2) if n-m is even, else 0; where the rectangular array ay(n,m) is defined in A060058 Formula.
The row polynomials p(n,x) appear in a problem of thermo field dynamics (Bogoliubov transformation for the harmonic Bose oscillator). See the link to a .ps.gz file where they are called R_{n}(x).
The inverse of this Sheffer matrix with elements a(n,m) is the Sheffer matrix A060524. This Sheffer triangle appears in the Moyal star product of the harmonic Bose oscillator: x^{*n} = Sum_{m=0..n} a(n,m) x^m with x = 2 (bar a) a/hbar. See the Th. Spernat link, pp. 28, 29, where the unsigned version is used for y=-ix. - Wolfdieter Lang, Jul 22 2005
In the umbral calculus (see Roman reference under A048854) the p(n,x) are called Sheffer for (g(t)=1/cosh(arctanh(t)) = 1/sqrt(1-t^2), f(t)=arctanh(t)).
p(n,x) := Sum_{m=0..n} a(n,m)*x^m, n >= 0, are monic polynomials satisfying p(n,x+y) = Sum_{k=0..n} binomial(n,k)*p(k,x)*q(n-k,y) (binomial, also called exponential, convolution polynomials) with the row polynomials of the associated triangle q(n,x) := Sum_{m=0..n} A111593(n,m)*x^m. E.g.f. for p(n,x) is exp(x*tanh(z))*cosh(z)(signed). [Corrected by Wolfdieter Lang, Sep 12 2005]
Exponential Riordan array [sech(x), tanh(x)]. Unsigned triangle is [sec(x), tan(x)]. - Paul Barry, Jan 10 2011

			p(3,x) = -5*x + x^3.
Exponential convolution together with A111593 for row polynomials q(n,x), case n=2: -1+(x+y)^2 = p(2,x+y) = 1*p(0,x)*q(2,y) + 2*p(1,x)*q(1,y) + 1*p(2,x)*q(0,y) = 1*1*y^2 + 2*x*y + 1*(-1+x^2)*1.
Triangle begins:
  1,
  0, 1,
  -1, 0, 1,
  0, -5, 0, 1,
  5, 0, -14, 0, 1,
  0, 61, 0, -30, 0, 1,
  -61, 0, 331, 0, -55, 0, 1,
  0, -1385, 0, 1211, 0, -91, 0, 1,
  1385, 0, -12284, 0, 3486, 0, -140, 0, 1,
  0, 50521, 0, -68060, 0, 8526, 0, -204, 0, 1,
  -50521, 0, 663061, 0, -281210, 0, 18522, 0, -285, 0, 1,
  ...
As a right-aligned triangle:
                                                       1;
                                                    0, 1;
                                                -1, 0, 1;
                                           0,   -5, 0, 1;
                                        5, 0,  -14, 0, 1;
                                 0,    61, 0,  -30, 0, 1;
                            -61, 0,   331, 0,  -55, 0, 1;
                     0,   -1385, 0,  1211, 0,  -91, 0, 1;
               1385, 0,  -12284, 0,  3486, 0, -140, 0, 1;
          0,  50521, 0,  -68060, 0,  8526, 0, -204, 0, 1;
  -50521, 0, 663061, 0, -281210, 0, 18522, 0, -285, 0, 1;
  ...
Production matrix begins
   0,   1;
  -1,   0,   1;
   0,  -4,   0,   1;
   0,   0,  -9,   0,   1;
   0,   0,   0, -16,   0,   1;
   0,   0,   0,   0, -25,   0,   1;
   0,   0,   0,   0,   0, -36,   0,   1;
   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0, -49,   0,   1;
   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0, -64,   0,   1;
- _Paul Barry_, Jan 10 2011

W. Lang, Two normal ordering problems and certain Sheffer polynomials, in Difference Equations, Special Functions and Orthogonal Polynomials, edts. S. Elaydi et al., World Scientific, 2007, pages 354-368. [From Wolfdieter Lang, Feb 06 2009]

Paul Barry, Exponential Riordan arrays and permutation enumeration,Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 13 (2010)
Wolfdieter Lang, Thermo field dynamics, exercise 29. WS 2008/2009 (in German)
Th. Spernat, Diplomarbeit 2004 (in German) (with permission)

riordan := (d,h,n,k) -> coeftayl(d*h^k,x=0,n)*n!/k!:
A060081 := (n,k) -> riordan(sech(x),tanh(x),n,k):
seq(print(seq(A060081(n,k),k=0..n)),n=0..5); # Peter Luschny, Apr 15 2015

max = 12; t = Transpose[ Table[ PadRight[ CoefficientList[ Series[ Tanh[x]^m/m!/Cosh[x], {x, 0, max}], x], max + 1, 0]*Table[k!, {k, 0, max}], {m, 0, max}]]; Flatten[ Table[t[[n, k]], {n, 1, max}, {k, 1, n}]] (* Jean-François Alcover, Sep 29 2011 *)

def A060081_triangle(dim): # computes unsigned T(n, k).
    M = matrix(ZZ,dim,dim)
    for n in (0..dim-1): M[n,n] = 1
    for n in (1..dim-1):
        for k in (0..n-1):
            M[n,k] = M[n-1,k-1]+(k+1)^2*M[n-1,k+1]
    return M
A060081_triangle(9) # Peter Luschny, Sep 19 2012

E.g.f. for column m: (((tanh(x))^m)/m!)/cosh(x), m >= 0. Use trigonometric functions for unsigned case.
a(n, m) = a(n-1, m-1)-((m+1)^2)*a(n-1, m+1); a(0, 0)=1; a(n, -1) := 0, a(n, m)=0 if n < m. Use sum of the two recursion terms for unsigned case.
a(n, k) = (1/(k+1)!)*Sum_{q=0..n} C(n,q)*((-1)^(n-q)+1)*((-1)^(q-k)+1)*Sum_{j=0..q-k} C(j+k,k)*(j+k+1)!*2^(q-j-k-2)*(-1)^j*Stirling2(q+1,j+k+1). - Vladimir Kruchinin, Feb 12 2019

New name (using a comment from Paul Barry) from Peter Luschny, Apr 15 2015

A067147 Triangle of coefficients for expressing x^n in terms of Hermite polynomials.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 0, 6, 0, 1, 12, 0, 12, 0, 1, 0, 60, 0, 20, 0, 1, 120, 0, 180, 0, 30, 0, 1, 0, 840, 0, 420, 0, 42, 0, 1, 1680, 0, 3360, 0, 840, 0, 56, 0, 1, 0, 15120, 0, 10080, 0, 1512, 0, 72, 0, 1, 30240, 0, 75600, 0, 25200, 0, 2520, 0, 90, 0, 1

Offset: 0

Christian G. Bower, Jan 03 2002

x^n = (1/2^n) * Sum_{k=0..n} a(n,k)*H_k(x).

These polynomials, H_n(x), are an Appell sequence, whose umbral compositional inverse sequence HI_n(x) consists of the same polynomials signed with the e.g.f. e^{-t^2} e^{xt}. Consequently, under umbral composition H_n(HI.(x)) = x^n = HI_n(H.(x)). Other differently scaled families of Hermite polynomials are A066325, A099174, and A060821. See Griffin et al. for a relation to the Catalan numbers and matrix integration. - Tom Copeland, Dec 27 2020

			Triangle begins with:
    1;
    0,   1;
    2,   0,   1;
    0,   6,   0,   1;
   12,   0,  12,   0,   1;
    0,  60,   0,  20,   0,   1;
  120,   0, 180,   0,  30,   0,   1;

M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions, National Bureau of Standards Applied Math. Series 55, 1964 (and various reprintings), p. 801. (Table 22.12)

G. C. Greubel, Rows n = 0..100 of triangle, flattened
M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions, National Bureau of Standards, Applied Math. Series 55, Tenth Printing, 1972 [alternative scanned copy].
M. Griffin, K. Ono, L. Rolen, and D. Zagier, Jensen polynomials for the Riemann zeta function and other sequences, arXiv:1902.07321 [math.NT], 2019.
Index entries for sequences related to Hermite polynomials

Row sums give A047974. Columns 0-2: A001813, A000407, A001814. Cf. A048854, A060821.

Cf. A060821, A066325, and A099174.

[[Round(Factorial(n)*(1+(-1)^(n+k))/(2*Factorial(k)*Gamma((n-k+2)/2))): k in [0..n]]: n in [0..10]]; // G. C. Greubel, Jun 09 2018

T := proc(n, k) (n - k)/2; `if`(%::integer, (n!/k!)/%!, 0) end:
for n from 0 to 11 do seq(T(n, k), k=0..n) od; # Peter Luschny, Jan 05 2021

Table[n!*(1+(-1)^(n+k))/(2*k!*Gamma[(n-k+2)/2]), {n,0,20}, {k,0,n}]// Flatten (* G. C. Greubel, Jun 09 2018 *)

T(n, k) = round(n!*(1+(-1)^(n+k))/(2*k! *gamma((n-k+2)/2)))
for(n=0,20, for(k=0,n, print1(T(n, k), ", "))) \\ G. C. Greubel, Jun 09 2018

{T(n,k) = if(k<0 || nMichael Somos, Jan 15 2020 */

E.g.f. (rel to x): A(x, y) = exp(x*y + x^2).
Sum_{ k>=0 } 2^k*k!*T(m, k)*T(n, k) = T(m+n, 0) = |A067994(m+n)|. - Philippe Deléham, Jul 02 2005
T(n, k) = 0 if n-k is odd; T(n, k) = n!/(k!*((n-k)/2)!) if n-k is even. - Philippe Deléham, Jul 02 2005
T(n, k) = n!/(k!*2^((n-k)/2)*((n-k)/2)!)*2^((n+k)/2)*(1+(-1)^(n+k))/2^(k+1).
T(n, k) = A001498((n+k)/2, (n-k)/2)2^((n+k)/2)(1+(-1)^(n+k))/2^(k+1). - Paul Barry, Aug 28 2005
Exponential Riordan array (e^(x^2),x). - Paul Barry, Sep 12 2006
G.f.: 1/(1-x*y-2*x^2/(1-x*y-4*x^2/(1-x*y-6*x^2/(1-x*y-8*x^2/(1-... (continued fraction). - Paul Barry, Apr 10 2009
The n-th row entries may be obtained from D^n(exp(x*t)) evaluated at x = 0, where D is the operator sqrt(1+4*x)*d/dx. - Peter Bala, Dec 07 2011
As noted in the comments this is an Appell sequence of polynomials, so the lowering and raising operators defined by L H_n(x) = n H_{n-1}(x) and R H_{n}(x) = H_{n+1}(x) are L = D_x, the derivative, and R = D_t log[e^{t^2} e^{xt}] |{t = D_x} = x + 2 D_x, and the polynomials may also be generated by e^{-D^2} x^n = H_n(x). - _Tom Copeland, Dec 27 2020

A111593 Triangle of tanh numbers.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, -2, 0, 1, 0, 0, -8, 0, 1, 0, 16, 0, -20, 0, 1, 0, 0, 136, 0, -40, 0, 1, 0, -272, 0, 616, 0, -70, 0, 1, 0, 0, -3968, 0, 2016, 0, -112, 0, 1, 0, 7936, 0, -28160, 0, 5376, 0, -168, 0, 1, 0, 0, 176896, 0, -135680, 0, 12432, 0, -240, 0, 1, 0, -353792, 0, 1805056, 0, -508640, 0, 25872

Offset: 0

Wolfdieter Lang, Aug 23 2005

Sheffer triangle associated to Sheffer triangle A060081.
For Sheffer triangles (matrices) see the explanation and S. Roman reference given under A048854.
In the umbral calculus (see the S. Roman reference) this triangle would be called associated for (1,arctanh(y)).
Without the n=0 row and m=0 column and unsigned, this is the Jabotinsky triangle A059419.
The inverse matrix of A with elements a(n,m), n,m>=0, is A111594.
The row polynomials p(n,x):=sum(a(n,m)*x^m,m=0..n), together with the row polynomials s(n,x) of A060081, satisfy the exponential (or binomial) convolution identity s(n,x+y) = sum(binomial(n,k)*s(k,x)*p(n-k,y),k=0..n), n>=0.
The row polynomials p(n,x) (defined above) have e.g.f. exp(x*tanh(y)).
Exponential Riordan array [1, tanh(x)], inverse of [1, arctanh(x)] which is A111594. - Paul Barry, May 30 2010
Also the Bell transform of A155585(n+1). For the definition of the Bell transform see A264428. - Peter Luschny, Jan 26 2016

			Binomial convolution of row polynomials: p(3,x)= -2*x+x^3; p(2,x)=x^2, p(1,x)= x, p(0,x)= 1, together with those from A060081:
s(3,x)= -5*x+x^3; s(2,x)= -1+x^2, s(1,x)= x, s(0,x)= 1;
therefore -5*(x+y)+(x+y)^3 = s(3,x+y) = 1*s(0,x)*p(3,y) + 3*s(1,x)*p(2,y) + 3*s(2,x)*p(1,y) +1*s(3,x)*p(0,y) = -2*y+y^3 + 3*x*y^2 + 3*(-1+x^2)*y + (-5*x+x^3).
From _Paul Barry_, May 30 2010: (Start)
Triangle begins:
  1;
  0,     1;
  0,     0,     1;
  0,    -2,     0,     1;
  0,     0,    -8,     0,     1;
  0,    16,     0,   -20,     0,     1;
  0,     0,   136,     0,   -40,     0,     1;
  0,  -272,     0,   616,     0,   -70,     0,     1;
  0,     0, -3968,     0,  2016,     0,  -112,     0,     1;
Production matrix begins:
  0,   1;
  0,   0,   1;
  0,  -2,   0,   1;
  0,   0,  -6,   0,   1;
  0,   0,   0, -12,   0,   1;
  0,   0,   0,   0, -20,   0,   1;
  0,   0,   0,   0,   0, -30,   0,   1;
  0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0, -42,   0,   1;
  0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0,   0, -56,   0,   1; (End)

W. Lang, First 10 rows.

Row sums: A003723. Unsigned row sums: A006229.
Cf. A059419, A060081, A111594.
Cf. A002378.

# The function BellMatrix is defined in A264428.
BellMatrix(n -> 2^(n+1)*euler(n+1, 1), 9); # Peter Luschny, Jan 26 2016

t[0, 0] = 1; t[n_, m_] := Sum[ Binomial[k+m-1, m-1]*(k+m)!*(-1)^(k)*2^(n-k-m)*StirlingS2[n, k+m], {k, 0, n-m}]/m!; Table[t[n, m], {n, 0, 11}, {m, 0, n}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Jul 05 2013, after Vladimir Kruchinin *)
BellMatrix[f_Function, len_] := With[{t = Array[f, len, 0]}, Table[BellY[n, k, t], {n, 0, len - 1}, {k, 0, len - 1}]];
rows = 12;
M = BellMatrix[2^(#+1)*EulerE[#+1, 1]&, rows];
Table[M[[n, k]], {n, 1, rows}, {k, 1, n}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Jun 23 2018, after Peter Luschny *)

T(n,m):=if n=0 and m=0 then 1 else sum(binomial(k+m-1,m-1)*(k+m)!*(-1)^(k)*2^(n-k-m)*stirling2(n,k+m),k,0,n-m)/m!; /* Vladimir Kruchinin, Jun 09 2011 */

# uses[riordan_array from A256893]
riordan_array(1, tanh(x), 9, exp=true) # Peter Luschny, Apr 19 2015

E.g.f. for column m>=0: ((tanh(x))^m)/m!.
a(n, m) = coefficient of x^n of ((tanh(x))^m)/m!, n>=m>=0, else 0.
a(n, m) = a(n-1, m-1) - (m+1)*m*a(n-1, m+1), a(n, -1):=0, a(0, 0)=1, a(n, m)=0 for nT(n,m) = (Sum_{k=0..n-m} binomial(k+m-1,m-1)*(k+m)!*(-1)^k*2^(n-k-m)*stirling2(n,k+m))/m!, T(0,0)=1. - Vladimir Kruchinin, Jun 09 2011
With e.g.f. exp(x*tanh(t)) = sum(n>= 0, P(n,x)*t^n/n!), the lowering operator is L = arctanh(d/dx) = d/dx + (1/3)(d/dx)^3 + (1/5)(d/dx)^5 + ..., and the raising operator is R = x [1 - (d/dx)^2], where L P(n,x) = n P(n-1,x) and R P(n,x) = P(n+1,x), since the sequence is a binomial Sheffer sequence. - Tom Copeland, Oct 01 2015
The raising operator R = x - x D^2 in matrix form acting on an o.g.f. (formal power series) is the transpose of the production matrix M below. The linear term x is the diagonal of ones after transposition. The other transposed diagonal (A002378) comes from -x D^2 x^n = -n * (n-1) x^(n-1). Then P(n,x) = (1,x,x^2,..) M^n (1,0,0,..)^T. - Tom Copeland, Aug 17 2016

A304334 T(n, k) = Sum_{j=0..k} (-1)^jbinomial(2k, j)(k - j)^(2n)/k!, triangle read by rows, n >= 0 and 0 <= k <= n.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 6, 0, 1, 30, 60, 0, 1, 126, 840, 840, 0, 1, 510, 8820, 25200, 15120, 0, 1, 2046, 84480, 526680, 831600, 332640, 0, 1, 8190, 780780, 9609600, 30270240, 30270240, 8648640, 0, 1, 32766, 7108920, 164684520, 929728800, 1755673920, 1210809600, 259459200

Offset: 0

Peter Luschny, May 11 2018

			Triangle starts:
[0] 1
[1] 0, 1
[2] 0, 1,     6
[3] 0, 1,    30,      60
[4] 0, 1,   126,     840,       840
[5] 0, 1,   510,    8820,     25200,     15120
[6] 0, 1,  2046,   84480,    526680,    831600,     332640
[7] 0, 1,  8190,  780780,   9609600,  30270240,   30270240,    8648640
[8] 0, 1, 32766, 7108920, 164684520, 929728800, 1755673920, 1210809600, 259459200

Row sums are bisection of A081562, T(n,n) ~ A000407, T(n,n-1) ~ A048854(n,2), T(n,2) ~ A002446.

Cf. A304330, A304336.

A304334 := (n, k) -> add((-1)^j*binomial(2*k,j)*(k-j)^(2*n), j=0..k)/k!:
for n from 0 to 8 do seq(A304334(n, k), k=0..n) od;

T(n, k) = sum(j=0, k, (-1)^j*binomial(2*k, j)*(k - j)^(2*n))/k!;
tabl(nn) = for (n=0, nn, for (k=0, n, print1(T(n,k), ", ")); print); \\ Michel Marcus, May 11 2018

T(n, k) = A304330(n, k) / k!.

A051523 Generalized Stirling number triangle of first kind.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, -10, 1, 110, -21, 1, -1320, 362, -33, 1, 17160, -6026, 791, -46, 1, -240240, 101524, -17100, 1435, -60, 1, 3603600, -1763100, 358024, -38625, 2335, -75, 1, -57657600, 31813200, -7491484, 976024, -75985, 3535, -91, 1, 980179200, -598482000, 159168428, -24083892, 2267769, -136080, 5082, -108, 1

Offset: 0

Wolfdieter Lang

a(n,m)= ^10P_n^m in the notation of the given reference with a(0,0) := 1. The monic row polynomials s(n,x) := sum(a(n,m)*x^m,m=0..n) which are s(n,x)= product(x-(10+k),k=0..n-1), n >= 1 and s(0,x)=1 satisfy s(n,x+y) = sum(binomial(n,k)*s(k,x)*S1(n-k,y),k=0..n), with the Stirling1 polynomials S1(n,x)=sum(A008275(n,m)*x^m, m=1..n) and S1(0,x)=1. In the umbral calculus (see the S. Roman reference given in A048854) the s(n,x) polynomials are called Sheffer for (exp(10*t),exp(t)-1).

			{1}; {-10,1}; {110,-21,1}; {-1320,362,-331}; ... s(2,x)= 110-21*x+x^2; S1(2,x)= -x+x^2 (Stirling1).

Reinhard Zumkeller, Rows n = 0..125 of triangle, flattened
D. S. Mitrinovic, M. S. Mitrinovic, Tableaux d'une classe de nombres reliés aux nombres de Stirling, Univ. Beograd. Pubi. Elektrotehn. Fak. Ser. Mat. Fiz. 77 (1962).

The first (m=0) unsigned column sequence is A049398. Row sums (signed triangle): A049389(n)*(-1)^n. Row sums (unsigned triangle): A051431(n).
See also A049444 A049458 A049459 A049460 A051338 A051339 A051379 A051380
Cf. A000035 A084938.

a051523 n k = a051523_tabl !! n !! k
a051523_row n = a051523_tabl !! n
a051523_tabl = map fst $ iterate (\(row, i) ->
   (zipWith (-) ([0] ++ row) $ map (* i) (row ++ [0]), i + 1)) ([1], 10)
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Mar 12 2014

a[n_, m_] := Pochhammer[m + 1, n - m] SeriesCoefficient[Log[1 + x]^m/(1 + x)^10, {x, 0, n}];
Table[a[n, m], {n, 0, 8}, {m, 0, n}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Oct 29 2019 *)

a(n, m)= a(n-1, m-1) - (n+9)*a(n-1, m), n >= m >= 0; a(n, m) := 0, n

E.g.f. for m-th column of signed triangle: ((log(1+x))^m)/(m!*(1+x)^10).

Triangle (signed) = [ -10, -1, -11, -2, -12, -3, -13, -14, -4, ...] DELTA A000035; triangle (unsigned) = [10, 1, 11, 2, 12, 3, 13, 4, 14, 5, 15, ...] DELTA A000035; where DELTA is Deléham's operator defined in A084938.

If we define f(n,i,a)=sum(binomial(n,k)*stirling1(n-k,i)*product(-a-j,j=0..k-1),k=0..n-i), then T(n,i) = f(n,i,10), for n=1,2,...;i=0...n. - Milan Janjic, Dec 21 2008

A292219 Triangle read by rows. A generalization of unsigned Lah numbers, called L[4,3].

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 6, 1, 60, 20, 1, 840, 420, 42, 1, 15120, 10080, 1512, 72, 1, 332640, 277200, 55440, 3960, 110, 1, 8648640, 8648640, 2162160, 205920, 8580, 156, 1, 259459200, 302702400, 90810720, 10810800, 600600, 16380, 210, 1, 8821612800, 11762150400, 4116752640, 588107520, 40840800, 1485120, 28560, 272, 1

Offset: 0

Wolfdieter Lang, Sep 23 2017

For the general L[d,a] triangles see A286724, also for references.
This is the generalized signless Lah number triangle L[4,3], the Sheffer triangle ((1 - 4*t)^(-3/2), t/(1 - 4*t)). It is defined as transition matrix
risefac[4,3](x, n) = Sum_{m=0..n} L[4,3](n, m)*fallfac[4,3](x, m), where risefac[4,3](x, n) := Product_{0..n-1} (x  + (3 + 4*j)) for n >= 1 and risefac[4,3](x, 0) := 1, and fallfac[4,3](x, n):= Product_{0..n-1} (x - (3 + 4*j)) for n >= 1 and fallfac[4,3](x, 0) := 1.
In matrix notation: L[4,3] = S1phat[4,3]*S2hat[4,3] with the unsigned scaled Stirling1 and the scaled Stirling2 generalizations A225471 and A225469, respectively.
The a- and z-sequences for this Sheffer matrix have e.g.f.s Ea(t) = 1 + 4*t and Ez(t) = (1 + 4*t)*(1 - (1 + 4*t)^(-3/2))/t, respectively. That is, a = {1, 4, repeat(0)} and z(n) = 2*A292221(n). See the W. Lang link on a- and z-sequences there.
The inverse matrix T^(-1) = L^(-1)[4,3] is Sheffer ((1 + 4*t)^(-3/2), t/(1 + 4*t)). This means that T^(-1)(n, m) = (-1)^(n-m)*T(n, m).
  fallfac[4,3](x, n) = Sum_{m=0..n} (-1)^(n-m)*T(n, m)*risefac[4,3](x, m), n >= 0.
Diagonal sequences have o.g.f. G(d, x) = A001813(d)*Sum_{m=0..d} A103327(d, m)*x^m/(1 - x)^(2*d + 1), for d >= 0 (d=0 main diagonal). G(d, x) generates {A001813(d)*binomial(2*(m + d) + 1, 2*d)}{m >= 0}. See the second W. Lang link on how to compute o.g.f.s of diagonal sequences of general Sheffer triangles. - _Wolfdieter Lang, Oct 12 2017

			The triangle T(n, m) begins:
  n\m          0           1          2         3        4       5     6   7  8
  0:           1
  1:           6           1
  2:          60          20          1
  3:         840         420         42         1
  4:       15120       10080       1512        72        1
  5:      332640      277200      55440      3960      110       1
  6:     8648640     8648640    2162160    205920     8580     156     1
  7:   259459200   302702400   90810720  10810800   600600   16380   210   1
  8:  8821612800 11762150400 4116752640 588107520 40840800 1485120 28560 272  1
  ...
Recurrence from a-sequence: T(4, 2) = (4/2)*T(3, 1) + 4*4*T(3, 2) = 2*420 + 16*42 = 1512.
Recurrence from z-sequence: T(4, 0) = 4*(z(0)*T(3, 0) + z(1)*T(3, 1) + z(2)*T(3, 2)+ z(3)*T(3, 3)) = 4*(6*840 - 6*420 + 40*42 -420*1) = 15120.
Meixner type identity for n = 2: (D_x - 4*(D_x)^2)*(60 + 20*x + 1*x^2 ) = (20 + 2*x) - 4*2 = 2*(6 + x).
Sheffer recurrence for R(3, x): [(6 + x) + 8*(3 + x)*D_x + 16*x*(D_x)^2] (60 + 20*x + 1*x^2) = (6 + x)*(60 + 20*x + x^2) + 8*(3 + x)*(20 + 2*x) + 16*2*x = 840 + 420*x + 42*x^2 + x^3 = R(3, x).
Boas-Buck recurrence for column m = 2 with n = 4: T(4, 2) = (2*4!/2)*(3 + 2*2)*(1*42/3! + 4*1/2!) = 1512.
Diagonal sequence d = 2: {60, 420, 1512, ...} has o.g.f. 12*(5 + 10*x + x^2)/(1 - x)^5 (see A001813(2) and row n=2 of A103327) generating {12*binomial(2*(m + 2) + 1, 4)}_{m >= 0}. - _Wolfdieter Lang_, Oct 12 2017

Steven Roman, The Umbral Calculus, Academic press, Orlando, London, 1984, p. 50.

Wolfdieter Lang, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1325
Wolfdieter Lang, On Sums of Powers of Arithmetic Progressions, and Generalized Stirling, Eulerian and Bernoulli Numbers, arXiv:math/1707.04451 [math.NT], July 2017, section C) 4.
Wolfdieter Lang, On Generating functions of Diagonal Sequences of Sheffer and Riordan Number Triangles, arXiv:1708.01421 [math.NT], August 2017.

Cf. A225469, A225471, A271703 L[1,0], A286724 L[2,1], A290596 L[3,1], A290597 L[3,2], A048854 L[4,1], A292221, A103327,

Diagonal sequences: A000012, 2*A014105(m+1), 12*A053126(m+4), 120*A053128(m+6), A053130(n+8), ... - Wolfdieter Lang, Oct 12 2017

T(n, m) = L[4,3](n,m) = Sum_{k=m..n} A225471(n, k)*A225469(k, m), 0 <= m <= n.
E.g.f. of row polynomials R(n, x) := Sum_{m=0..n} T(n, m)*x^m:
(1 - 4*t)^(-3/2)*exp(x*t/(1 - 4*t)) (this is the e.g.f. for the triangle).
E.g.f. of column m: (1 - 4*t)^(-3/2)*(t/(1 - 4*t))^m/m!, m >= 0.
Three term recurrence for column entries k >= 1: T(n, m) = (n/m)*T(n-1, m-1) + 4*n*T(n-1, m) with T(n, m) = 0 for n < m, and for the column m = 0: T(n, 0) = n*Sum_{j=0}^(n-1) z(j)*T(n-1, j), n >= 1, T(0, 0) = 0, from the a-sequence {1, 4 repeat(0)} and z(j) = 2*A292221(j) (see above).
Four term recurrence: T(n, m) = T(n-1, m-1) + 2*(4*n - 1)*T(n-1, m) - 8*(n-1)*(2*n - 1)*T(n-2, m), n >= m >= 0, with T(0, 0) =1, T(-1, m) = 0, T(n, -1) = 0 and T(n, m) = 0 if n < m.
Meixner type identity for (monic) row polynomials: (D_x/(1 + 4*D_x)) * R(n, x) = n * R(n-1, x), n >= 1, with R(0, x) = 1 and D_x = d/dx. That is, Sum_{k=0..n-1} (-4)^k*{D_x)^(k+1)*R(n, x) = n*R(n-1, x), n >= 1.
General recurrence for Sheffer row polynomials (see the Roman reference, p. 50, Corollary 3.7.2, rewritten for the present Sheffer notation):
R(n, x) = [(6 + x)*1 + 8*(3 + x)*D_x + 16*x*(D_x)^2]*R(n-1, x), n >= 1, with R(0, x) = 1.
Boas-Buck recurrence for column m (see a comment in A286724 with references): T(n, m) = (2*n!/(n-m))*(3 + 2*m)*Sum_{p=0..n-1-m} 4^p*T(n-1-p, m)/(n-1-p)!, for n > m >= 0, with input T(m, m) = 1.
Explicit form (from the o.g.f.s of diagonal sequences): ((2*(n-m))!/(n-m)!)*binomial(2*n + 1, 2*(n-m)), n >= m >= 0, and vanishing for n < m. - Wolfdieter Lang, Oct 12 2017

A292220 Expansion of the exponential generating function (1/2)(1 + 4x)(1 - (1 + 4x)^(-1/2))/x.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, -4, 30, -336, 5040, -95040, 2162160, -57657600, 1764322560, -60949324800, 2346549004800, -99638080819200, 4626053752320000, -233153109116928000, 12677700308232960000, -739781100339240960000, 46113021921146019840000, -3058021453718104473600000

Offset: 0

Wolfdieter Lang, Sep 13 2017

This gives one half of the z-sequence entries for the generalized unsigned Lah number Sheffer matrix Lah[4,1] = A048854.

For Sheffer a- and z-sequences see a W. Lang link under A006232 with the references for the Riordan case, and also the present link for a proof.

			The sequence z(4,1;n) = 2*a(n) begins: {2,2,-8,60,-672,10080,-190080,4324320,-115315200,3528645120,-121898649600,...}.

Robert Israel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..366
Wolfdieter Lang, Note on a- and z-sequences of Sheffer number triangles for certain generalized Lah numbers.

Cf. A001147, A006232 (link), A048854, A292221 (z[4,3]/2).

f:= gfun:-rectoproc({a(n+1) = -2*(1 + 2*n)*(1 + n)*a(n)/(2 + n),a(0)=1,a(1)=1},a(n),remember):
map(f, [$0..30]); # Robert Israel, May 10 2020

With[{nn=20},CoefficientList[Series[1/2 (1+4x) (1-(1+4x)^(-1/2))/x,{x,0,nn}],x] Range[ 0,nn]!] (* Harvey P. Dale, Aug 01 2021 *)

a(n) = [x^n/n!] (1/2)*(1 + 4*x)*(1 - (1 + 4*x)^(-1/2))/x.
a(0) = 1, a(n) = -(-2)^n*Product_{j=1..n} (2*j - 1)/(n+1) =  -((-2)^n/(n+1))*A001147(n), n >= 1.
a(n) ~ -(-1)^n * n^(n-1) * 2^(2*n + 1/2) / exp(n). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Sep 18 2017
a(n+1) = -2*(1 + 2*n)*(1 + n)*a(n)/(2 + n) for n >= 1. - Robert Israel, May 10 2020

A113216 Triangle of polynomials P(n,x) of degree n related to Pi (see comment) and derived from Padé approximation to exp(x).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 2, 1, -6, -12, 1, 12, -60, -120, 1, -20, -180, 840, 1680, 1, 30, -420, -3360, 15120, 30240, 1, -42, -840, 10080, 75600, -332640, -665280, 1, 56, -1512, -25200, 277200, 1995840, -8648640, -17297280, 1, -72, -2520, 55440, 831600, -8648640, -60540480, 259459200, 518918400, 1, 90, -3960, -110880

Offset: 0

Benoit Cloitre, Jan 07 2006

P(n,x) is a sequence of polynomials of degree n with integer coefficients, having exactly n real roots, such that r(n) the smallest root (in absolute value) converges quickly to Pi/2. e.g. the appropriate root for P(5,x) is r(5)=1.5707963(4026....) . To see the rapidity of convergence it is relevant noting that (r(n)-Pi/2)(2n)! -->0 as n grows.

			P(5,x) = x^5 + 30*x^4 - 420*x^3 - 3360*x^2 + 15120*x + 30240.
Triangle begins:
1;
1,2;
1,-6,-12;
1,12,-60,-120;
1,-20,-180,840,1680;
1,30,-420,-3360,15120,30240;
1,-42,-840,10080,75600,-332640,-665280;
...

Cf. A113025 (unsigned variant), A048854, A059344, A119274.

P(n,x)=if(n<2,if(n%2,x+2,1),(4*n-2)*P(n-1,x)-x^2*P(n-2,x))

P(n,x)=sum(i=0,n,x^i*(-1)^floor(i/2)/(n-i)!/i!*(2*n-i)!)

P(0, x) = 1, P(1, x) = x+2, P(n, x) = (4*n-2)*P(n-1, x)-x^2*P(n-2, x).

P(n, x) = Sum_{0<=i<=n} (-1)^floor(i/2)*(2n-i)!/i!/(n-i)!*x^i.

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A060081 Exponential Riordan array (sech(x), tanh(x)).

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A067147 Triangle of coefficients for expressing x^n in terms of Hermite polynomials.

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A111593 Triangle of tanh numbers.

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A304334 T(n, k) = Sum_{j=0..k} (-1)^j*binomial(2*k, j)*(k - j)^(2*n)/k!, triangle read by rows, n >= 0 and 0 <= k <= n.

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A051523 Generalized Stirling number triangle of first kind.

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A304334 T(n, k) = Sum_{j=0..k} (-1)^jbinomial(2k, j)(k - j)^(2n)/k!, triangle read by rows, n >= 0 and 0 <= k <= n.

A292220 Expansion of the exponential generating function (1/2)(1 + 4x)(1 - (1 + 4x)^(-1/2))/x.