A056455 -id:A056455 - cp's OEIS frontend

A056450 a(n) = (3*2^n - (-2)^n)/2.

1, 4, 4, 16, 16, 64, 64, 256, 256, 1024, 1024, 4096, 4096, 16384, 16384, 65536, 65536, 262144, 262144, 1048576, 1048576, 4194304, 4194304, 16777216, 16777216, 67108864, 67108864, 268435456, 268435456, 1073741824, 1073741824, 4294967296

Offset: 0

Marks R. Nester

Number of palindromes of length n using a maximum of four different symbols.
Number of achiral rows of n colors using up to four colors. - Robert A. Russell, Nov 09 2018
Interleaving of A000302 and 4*A000302.
Unsigned version of A141125.
Binomial transform is A164907. Second binomial transform is A164908. Third binomial transform is A057651. Fourth binomial transform is A016129.

			At length n=1 there are a(1)=4 palindromes, A, B, C, D.
At length n=2, there are a(2)=4 palindromes, AA, BB, CC, DD.
At length n=3, there are a(3)=16 palindromes, AAA, BBB, CCC, DDD, ABA, BAB, ... , CDC, DCD.

M. R. Nester (1999). Mathematical investigations of some plant interaction designs. PhD Thesis. University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. [See A056391 for pdf file of Chap. 2]

Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..2000
Sean A. Irvine, Walks on Graphs.
Index to divisibility sequences
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (0,4).

Column k=4 of A321391.
Cf. A000302 (powers of 4), A056450, A141125, A164907, A164908, A057651, A016129.
Cf. A016116.
Essentially the same as A213173.
Cf. A000302 (oriented), A032121 (unoriented), A032087(n>1) (chiral).

Magma
```
[ (3*2^n-(-2)^n)/2: n in [0..31] ];
```

[4^Floor((n+1)/2): n in [0..40]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Aug 16 2011

Table[4^Ceiling[n/2], {n,0,40}] (* or *)
CoefficientList[Series[(1 + 4 x)/((1 + 2 x) (1 - 2 x)), {x, 0, 31}], x] (* or *)
LinearRecurrence[{0, 4}, {1, 4}, 40] (* Robert A. Russell, Nov 07 2018 *)

a(n)=4^((n+1)\2) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Apr 08 2012

a(n)=(3*2^n-(-2)^n)/2 \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Oct 03 2016

a(n) = 4^floor((n+1)/2).
a(n) = 4*a(n-2) for n > 1; a(0) = 1, a(1) = 4.
G.f.: (1+4*x) / (1-4*x^2). - R. J. Mathar, Jan 19 2011 [Adapted to offset 0 by Robert A. Russell, Nov 07 2018]
a(n+3) = a(n+2)*a(n+1)/a(n). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Mar 04 2011
a(n) = 4*abs(A164111(n-1)). - R. J. Mathar, Jan 19 2011
a(n) = C(4,0)*A000007(n) + C(4,1)*A057427(n) + C(4,2)*A056453(n) + C(4,3)*A056454(n) + C(4,4)*A056455(n). - Robert A. Russell, Nov 08 2018

a(0)=1 prepended by Robert A. Russell, Nov 07 2018

Edited by N. J. A. Sloane, Sep 29 2019

A056451 Number of palindromes using a maximum of five different symbols.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 5, 5, 25, 25, 125, 125, 625, 625, 3125, 3125, 15625, 15625, 78125, 78125, 390625, 390625, 1953125, 1953125, 9765625, 9765625, 48828125, 48828125, 244140625, 244140625, 1220703125, 1220703125, 6103515625, 6103515625, 30517578125, 30517578125, 152587890625, 152587890625

Offset: 0

Marks R. Nester

Number of achiral rows of n colors using up to five colors. For a(3) = 25, the rows are AAA, ABA, ACA, ADA, AEA, BAB, BBB, BCB, BDB, BEB, CAC, CBC, CCC, CDC, CEC, DAD, DBD, DCD, DDD, DED, EAE, EBE, ECE, EDE, and EEE. - Robert A. Russell, Nov 09 2018

M. R. Nester (1999). Mathematical investigations of some plant interaction designs. PhD Thesis. University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. [See A056391 for pdf file of Chap. 2]

Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..2000
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (0,5).

Column k=5 of A321391.
Cf. A000007, A016116, A056391, A056453, A056454, A056455, A056456, A057427,
Cf. A000351 (oriented), A032122 (unoriented), A032088(n>1) (chiral).

[5^Floor((n+1)/2): n in [0..40]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Aug 16 2011

LinearRecurrence[{0,5},{1,5},30] (* or *) Riffle[5^Range[0, 20], 5^Range[20]] (* Harvey P. Dale, Jul 28 2018 *)
Table[5^Ceiling[n/2], {n,0,40}] (* Robert A. Russell, Nov 07 2018 *)

vector(40, n, n--; 5^floor((n+1)/2)) \\ G. C. Greubel, Nov 07 2018

a(n) = 5^floor((n+1)/2).
a(n) = 5*a(n-2). - Colin Barker, May 06 2012
G.f.: (1+5*x) / (1-5*x^2). - Colin Barker, May 06 2012 [Adapted to offset 0 by Robert A. Russell, Nov 07 2018]
a(n) = C(5,0)*A000007(n) + C(5,1)*A057427(n) + C(5,2)*A056453(n) + C(5,3)*A056454(n) + C(5,4)*A056455(n) + C(5,5)*A056456(n). - Robert A. Russell, Nov 08 2018
E.g.f.: cosh(sqrt(5)*x) + sqrt(5)*sinh(sqrt(5)*x). - Stefano Spezia, Jun 06 2023

a(0)=1 prepended by Robert A. Russell, Nov 07 2018

A056452 a(n) = 6^floor((n+1)/2).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 6, 6, 36, 36, 216, 216, 1296, 1296, 7776, 7776, 46656, 46656, 279936, 279936, 1679616, 1679616, 10077696, 10077696, 60466176, 60466176, 362797056, 362797056, 2176782336, 2176782336, 13060694016, 13060694016, 78364164096

Offset: 0

Marks R. Nester

Number of achiral rows of length n using up to six different colors. For a(3) = 36, the rows are AAA, ABA, ACA, ADA, AEA, AFA, BAB, BBB, BCB, BDB, BEB, BFB, CAC, CBC, CCC, CDC, CEC, CFC, DAD, DBD, DCD, DDD, DED, DFD, EAE, EBE, ECE, EDE, EEE, EFE, FAF, FBF, FCF, FDF, FEF, and FFF. - Robert A. Russell, Nov 08 2018

Also: a(n) is the number of palindromes with n digits using a maximum of six different symbols. - David A. Corneth, Nov 09 2018

M. R. Nester (1999). Mathematical investigations of some plant interaction designs. PhD Thesis. University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. [See A056391 for pdf file of Chap. 2]

Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..2000
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (0,6).

Column k=6 of A321391.
Cf. A016116.
Cf. A000400 (oriented), A056308 (unoriented), A320524 (chiral).

[6^Floor((n+1)/2): n in [0..40]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Aug 16 2011

Maple
```
A056452:=n->6^floor((n+1)/2);
```

Riffle[6^Range[0, 20], 6^Range[20]] (* Harvey P. Dale, Jun 18 2017 *)
Table[6^Ceiling[n/2], {n,0,40}] (* or *)
LinearRecurrence[{0, 6}, {1, 6}, 40] (* Robert A. Russell, Nov 08 2018 *)

a(n) = 6^floor((n+1)/2).
a(n) = 6*a(n-2). - Colin Barker, May 06 2012
G.f.: (1+6*x) / (1-6*x^2). - Colin Barker, May 06 2012 [Adapted to offset 0 by Robert A. Russell, Nov 08 2018]
a(n) = C(6,0)*A000007(n) + C(6,1)*A057427(n) + C(6,2)*A056453(n) + C(6,3)*A056454(n) + C(6,4)*A056455(n) + C(6,5)*A056456(n) + C(6,6)*A056457(n). - Robert A. Russell, Nov 08 2018

a(0)=1 prepended by Robert A. Russell, Nov 08 2018

Name corrected by David A. Corneth, Nov 08 2018

A056311 Number of reversible strings with n beads using exactly four different colors.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 0, 12, 120, 780, 4212, 20424, 93360, 409380, 1749780, 7338792, 30394560, 124705140, 508291812, 2061607224, 8332140720, 33585777060, 135116412660, 542785800072, 2178110589600, 8733345234900

Offset: 1

Marks R. Nester

nonn

A string and its reverse are considered to be equivalent.

			For n=4, the 12 rows are 12 permutations of ABCD that do not include any mutual reversals.  Each of the 12 chiral pairs, such as ABCD-DCBA, is then counted just once. - _Robert A. Russell_, Sep 25 2018

M. R. Nester (1999). Mathematical investigations of some plant interaction designs. PhD Thesis. University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. [See A056391 for pdf file of Chap. 2]

Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..1000

Cf. A032121.
Column 4 of A305621.
Equals (A000919 + A056455) / 2 = A000919 - A305624 = A305624 + A056455.

k=4; Table[(StirlingS2[i,k]+StirlingS2[Ceiling[i/2],k])k!/2,{i,k,30}] (* Robert A. Russell, Nov 25 2017 *)
CoefficientList[Series[12 x^3 (3 x + 1) (8 x^4 - 3 x^3 - 2 x^2 - x + 1) / ((x - 1) (4 x - 1) (3 x - 1) (2 x + 1) (2 x - 1) (3 x^2 - 1) (2 x^2 - 1)), {x, 0, 33}], x] (* Vincenzo Librandi, Sep 26 2018 *)

Equals A032121(n) - 4*A032120(n) + 6*A005418(n+1) - 4.
G.f.: 12*x^4*(3*x+1)*(8*x^4-3*x^3-2*x^2-x+1)/ ((x-1) * (4*x-1) * (3*x-1) * (2*x+1) * (2*x -1) * (3*x^2-1) * (2*x^2-1)). - Maksym Voznyy (voznyy(AT)mail.ru), Jul 27 2009 [Corrected by R. J. Mathar, Sep 16 2009]
a(n) = k! (S2(n,k) + S2(ceiling(n/2),k)) / 2, where k=4 is the number of colors and S2 is the Stirling subset number. - Robert A. Russell, Sep 25 2018

A056490 Number of periodic palindromes using exactly four different symbols.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 12, 24, 132, 240, 900, 1560, 4980, 8400, 24612, 40824, 113652, 186480, 502500, 818520, 2158260, 3498000, 9087012, 14676024, 37728372, 60780720, 155091300, 249401880, 632972340, 1016542800, 2569858212, 4123173624, 10393634292, 16664094960

Offset: 1

Marks R. Nester

			For example, aaabbb is not a (finite) palindrome but it is a periodic palindrome.
For n=6, the 12 arrangements are ABACDC, ABADCD, ACABDB, ACADBD, ADABCB, ADACBC, ABCDCB, ABDCDB, ACBDBC, ACDBDC, ADBCBD, and ADCBCD.

M. R. Nester (1999). Mathematical investigations of some plant interaction designs. PhD Thesis. University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. [See A056391 for pdf file of Chap. 2]

Muniru A Asiru, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..700
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (1,9,-9,-26,26,24,-24).

Cf. A056284, A056344, A056455.

Column 4 of A305540.

a:=[0,0,0,0,0,12,24];; for n in [8..35] do a[n]:=a[n-1]+9*a[n-2]-9*a[n-3]-26*a[n-4]+26*a[n-5]+24*a[n-6]-24*a[n-7]; od; a; # Muniru A Asiru, Sep 26 2018

m:=50; R:=PowerSeriesRing(Integers(), m); [0, 0, 0, 0, 0] cat Coefficients(R!(12*x^6*(1+x)/((1-x)*(1-2*x)*(1+2*x)*(1-2*x^2)*(1-3*x^2)))); // G. C. Greubel, Oct 13 2018

a:=n->(factorial(4)/2)*(Stirling2(floor((n+1)/2),4)+Stirling2(ceil((n+1)/2),4)): seq(a(n),n=1..35); # Muniru A Asiru, Sep 26 2018

k = 4; Table[(k!/2) (StirlingS2[Floor[(n + 1)/2], k] +
StirlingS2[Ceiling[(n + 1)/2], k]), {n, 1, 40}] (* Robert A. Russell, Jun 05 2018 *)
LinearRecurrence[{1,9,-9,-26,26,24,-24}, {0,0,0,0,0,12,24}, 40] (* Robert A. Russell, Sep 29 2018 *)

a(n) = my(k=4); (k!/2)*(stirling(floor((n+1)/2), k, 2) + stirling(ceil((n+1)/2), k, 2)); \\ Michel Marcus, Jun 05 2018

a(n) = 2*A056344(n) - A056284(n).
G.f.: 12*x^6*(1+x)/((1-x)*(1-2*x)*(1+2*x)*(1-2*x^2)*(1-3*x^2)). - Colin Barker, May 06 2012
a(n) = (k!/2)*(S2(floor((n+1)/2),k) + S2(ceiling((n+1)/2),k)), with k=4 different colors used and where S2(n,k) is the Stirling subset number A008277. - Robert A. Russell, Jun 05 2018

A056465 Number of primitive (aperiodic) palindromes using exactly four different symbols.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 24, 24, 240, 240, 1560, 1560, 8400, 8376, 40824, 40800, 186480, 186240, 818520, 818280, 3497976, 3496440, 14676024, 14674440, 60780720, 60772320, 249401640, 249393480, 1016542800, 1016501736, 4123173624, 4123132800, 16664093400, 16663908480

Offset: 1

Marks R. Nester

nonn

M. R. Nester (1999). Mathematical investigations of some plant interaction designs. PhD Thesis. University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. [See A056391 for pdf file of Chap. 2]

Andrew Howroyd, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..200

Column 4 of A327873.

Cf. A056455, A056460.

a(n) = Sum_{d|n} mu(d)*A056455(n/d).

Terms a(31) and beyond from Andrew Howroyd, Sep 28 2019

A305624 Number of chiral pairs of rows of n colors with exactly 4 different colors.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 0, 12, 120, 780, 4188, 20400, 93120, 409140, 1748220, 7337232, 30386160, 124696740, 508250988, 2061566400, 8331954240, 33585590580, 135115594140, 542784981552, 2178107091600, 8733341736900, 34996103558988, 140172672276000, 561255446475360, 2246716252964820, 8991948337723260, 35983044114659472, 143977928423467440, 576048972752188260, 2304607666801990188, 9219666007300387200, 36882370043723748480

Offset: 1

Robert A. Russell, Jun 06 2018

If the row is achiral, i.e., the same as its reverse, we ignore it. If different from its reverse, we count it and its reverse as a chiral pair.

			For a(4) = 12, the chiral pairs are the 4! = 24 permutations of ABCD, each paired with its reverse.

Fourth column of A305622.
A056455(n) is number of achiral rows of n colors with exactly 4 different colors.
Cf. A000919, A056311.

k=4; Table[(k!/2) (StirlingS2[n,k] - StirlingS2[Ceiling[n/2],k]), {n, 1, 40}]

a(n) = my(k=4); (k!/2) * (stirling(n,k,2) - stirling(ceil(n/2),k,2)); \\ Michel Marcus, Jun 07 2018

a(n) = (k!/2) * (S2(n,k) - S2(ceiling(n/2),k)), with k=4 colors used and where S2(n,k) is the Stirling subset number A008277.
a(n) = (A000919(n) - A056455(n)) / 2.
a(n) = A000919(n) - A056311(n) = A056311(n) - A056455(n).
G.f.: -(k!/2) * (x^(2k-1) + x^(2k)) / Product_{j=1..k} (1 - j*x^2) + (k!/2) * x^k / Product_{j=1..k} (1 - j*x) with k=4 colors used.

A321434 Triangle read by rows; T(n,k) is the number of achiral rows of n colors using exactly k colors.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 6, 6, 0, 1, 6, 6, 0, 1, 14, 36, 24, 0, 1, 14, 36, 24, 0, 1, 30, 150, 240, 120, 0, 1, 30, 150, 240, 120, 0, 1, 62, 540, 1560, 1800, 720, 0, 1, 62, 540, 1560, 1800, 720, 0, 1, 126, 1806, 8400, 16800, 15120, 5040, 0, 1, 126, 1806, 8400, 16800, 15120, 5040

Offset: 0

Robert A. Russell, Nov 09 2018

Each zero in the data is the beginning of a new row.

Same as A131689, with rows (except for the first) repeated. - Joerg Arndt, Sep 08 2019

			The triangle begins with T(0,0):
1
0 1
0 1
0 1   2
0 1   2
0 1   6     6
0 1   6     6
0 1  14    36     24
0 1  14    36     24
0 1  30   150    240    120
0 1  30   150    240    120
0 1  62   540   1560   1800    720
0 1  62   540   1560   1800    720
0 1 126  1806   8400  16800   15120    5040
0 1 126  1806   8400  16800   15120    5040
0 1 254  5796  40824 126000  191520  141120   40320
0 1 254  5796  40824 126000  191520  141120   40320
0 1 510 18150 186480 834120 1905120 2328480 1451520 362880
For T(7,2)=14, the rows are AAABAAA, AABABAA, AABBBAA, ABAAABA, ABABABA, ABBABBA, ABBBBBA, BAAAAAB, BAABAAB, BABABAB, BABBBAB, BBAAABB, BBABABB, and BBBABBB.

Columns 0-6 are A000007, A057427, A056453, A056454, A056455, A056456, A056457.
Cf. A019538 (oriented), A305621 (unoriented), A305622 (chiral).
Cf. A131689.

Table[k! StirlingS2[Ceiling[n/2], k], {n, 0, 18}, {k, 0, (n+1)/2}] // Flatten

T(n,k) = k!*S2(ceiling(n/2),k), where S2 is the Stirling subset number A008277.

cp's OEIS Frontend

A056450 a(n) = (3*2^n - (-2)^n)/2.

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A056451 Number of palindromes using a maximum of five different symbols.

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A056452 a(n) = 6^floor((n+1)/2).

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A056311 Number of reversible strings with n beads using exactly four different colors.

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A056490 Number of periodic palindromes using exactly four different symbols.

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A056465 Number of primitive (aperiodic) palindromes using exactly four different symbols.

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