A060313 -id:A060313 - cp's OEIS frontend

A060356 Expansion of e.g.f.: -LambertW(-x/(1+x)).

0, 1, 0, 3, 4, 65, 306, 4207, 38424, 573057, 7753510, 134046671, 2353898196, 47602871329, 1013794852266, 23751106404495, 590663769125296, 15806094859299329, 448284980183376078, 13515502344669830287

Offset: 0

Vladeta Jovovic, Apr 01 2001

Also the number of labeled lone-child-avoiding rooted trees with n nodes. A rooted tree is lone-child-avoiding if it has no unary branchings, meaning every non-leaf node covers at least two other nodes. The unlabeled version is A001678(n + 1). - Gus Wiseman, Jan 20 2020

			From _Gus Wiseman_, Dec 31 2019: (Start)
Non-isomorphic representatives of the a(7) = 4207 trees, written as root[branches], are:
  1[2,3[4,5[6,7]]]
  1[2,3[4,5,6,7]]
  1[2[3,4],5[6,7]]
  1[2,3,4[5,6,7]]
  1[2,3,4,5[6,7]]
  1[2,3,4,5,6,7]
(End)

Harry J. Smith, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..100
David Callan, A sign-reversing involution to count labeled lone-child-avoiding trees, arXiv:1406.7784 [math.CO], (30-June-2014).
Gus Wiseman, Sequences counting series-reduced and lone-child-avoiding trees by number of vertices.

Cf. A052871, A060313.
Cf. A008297.
Column k=0 of A231602.
The unlabeled version is A001678(n + 1).
The case where the root is fixed is A108919.
Unlabeled rooted trees are counted by A000081.
Lone-child-avoiding rooted trees with labeled leaves are A000311.
Matula-Goebel numbers of lone-child-avoiding rooted trees are A291636.
Singleton-reduced rooted trees are counted by A330951.
Cf. A000669, A004111, A005121, A048816, A292504, A316651, A316652, A318231, A318813, A330465, A330624.

List([0..20],n->Sum([1..n],k->(-1)^(n-k)*Factorial(n)/Factorial(k) *Binomial(n-1,k-1)*k^(k-1))); # Muniru A Asiru, Feb 19 2018

seq(coeff(series( -LambertW(-x/(1+x)), x, n+1), x, n)*n!, n = 0..20); # G. C. Greubel, Mar 16 2020

CoefficientList[Series[-LambertW[-x/(1+x)], {x, 0, 20}], x]* Range[0, 20]! (* Vaclav Kotesovec, Nov 27 2012 *)
sps[{}]:={{}};sps[set:{i_,_}]:=Join@@Function[s,Prepend[#,s]&/@sps[Complement[set,s]]]/@Cases[Subsets[set],{i,_}];
a[n_]:=If[n==1,1,n*Sum[Times@@a/@Length/@stn,{stn,Select[sps[Range[n-1]],Length[#]>1&]}]];
Array[a,10] (* Gus Wiseman, Dec 31 2019 *)

{ for (n=0, 100, f=n!; a=sum(k=1, n, (-1)^(n - k)*f/k!*binomial(n - 1, k - 1)*k^(k - 1)); write("b060356.txt", n, " ", a); ) } \\ Harry J. Smith, Jul 04 2009

my(x='x+O('x^20)); concat([0], Vec(serlaplace(-lambertw(-x/(1+x))))) \\ G. C. Greubel, Feb 19 2018

a(n) = Sum_{k=1..n} (-1)^(n-k)*n!/k!*binomial(n-1, k-1)*k^(k-1). a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} Stirling1(n, k)*A058863(k). - Vladeta Jovovic, Sep 17 2003
a(n) ~ n^(n-1) * (1-exp(-1))^(n+1/2). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Nov 27 2012
a(n) = n * A108919(n). - Gus Wiseman, Dec 31 2019

A001679 Number of series-reduced rooted trees with n nodes.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 0, 2, 2, 4, 6, 12, 20, 39, 71, 137, 261, 511, 995, 1974, 3915, 7841, 15749, 31835, 64540, 131453, 268498, 550324, 1130899, 2330381, 4813031, 9963288, 20665781, 42947715, 89410092, 186447559, 389397778, 814447067, 1705775653, 3577169927

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane

nonn

Also known as homeomorphically irreducible rooted trees, or rooted trees without nodes of degree 2.

A rooted tree is lone-child-avoiding if no vertex has exactly one child, and topologically series-reduced if no vertex has degree 2. This sequence counts unlabeled topologically series-reduced rooted trees with n vertices. Lone-child-avoiding rooted trees with n - 1 vertices are counted by A001678. - Gus Wiseman, Jan 21 2020

			G.f. = 1 + x + x^2 + 2*x^4 + 2*x^5 + 4*x^6 + 6*x^7 + 12*x^8 + 20*x^9 + ...
From _Gus Wiseman_, Jan 21 2020: (Start)
The a(1) = 1 through a(8) = 12 unlabeled topologically series-reduced rooted trees with n nodes (empty n = 3 column shown as dot) are:
  o  (o)  .  (ooo)   (oooo)   (ooooo)    (oooooo)    (ooooooo)
             ((oo))  ((ooo))  ((oooo))   ((ooooo))   ((oooooo))
                              (oo(oo))   (oo(ooo))   (oo(oooo))
                              ((o(oo)))  (ooo(oo))   (ooo(ooo))
                                         ((o(ooo)))  (oooo(oo))
                                         ((oo(oo)))  ((o(oooo)))
                                                     ((oo(ooo)))
                                                     ((ooo(oo)))
                                                     (o(oo)(oo))
                                                     (oo(o(oo)))
                                                     (((oo)(oo)))
                                                     ((o(o(oo))))
(End)

D. G. Cantor, personal communication.
F. Harary and E. M. Palmer, Graphical Enumeration, Academic Press, NY, 1973, p. 62, Eq. (3.3.9).
N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

N. J. A. Sloane, Alois P. Heinz and Vaclav Kotesovec, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1000
P. J. Cameron, Some treelike objects, Quart. J. Math. Oxford, 38 (1987), 155-183. MR0891613 (89a:05009). See p. 155. - _N. J. A. Sloane_, Apr 18 2014
F. Harary, G. Prins, The number of homeomorphically irreducible trees and other species, Acta Math. 101 (1959) 141-162, W(x,y) equation (9a).
N. J. A. Sloane, Illustration of initial terms
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Series-Reduced Tree.
Gus Wiseman, Sequences counting series-reduced and lone-child-avoiding trees by number of vertices.
Index entries for sequences related to rooted trees
Index entries for sequences related to trees

Apart from initial term, same as A059123.
Cf. A000055 (trees by nodes), A000014 (homeomorphically irreducible trees by nodes), A000669 (homeomorphically irreducible planted trees by leaves), A000081 (rooted trees by nodes).
Cf. A246403.
The labeled version is A060313, with unrooted case A005512.
Matula-Goebel numbers of these trees are given by A331489.
Lone-child-avoiding rooted trees are counted by A001678(n + 1).
Cf. A004111, A060356, A198518, A254382, A291636, A330951, A331488, A331578.

with(powseries): with(combstruct): n := 30: Order := n+3: sys := {B = Prod(C,Z), S = Set(B,1 <= card), C = Union(Z,S)}:
G001678 := (convert(gfseries(sys,unlabeled,x)[S(x)], polynom)) * x^2: G0temp := G001678 + x^2:
G001679 := G0temp / x + G0temp - (G0temp^2+eval(G0temp,x=x^2))/(2*x): A001679 := 0,seq(coeff(G001679,x^i),i=1..n); # Ulrich Schimke (ulrschimke(AT)aol.com)
# adapted for Maple 16 or higher version by Vaclav Kotesovec, Jun 26 2014

terms = 37; (* F = G001678 *) F[] = 0; Do[F[x] = (x^2/(1 + x))*Exp[Sum[ F[x^k]/(k*x^k), {k, 1, j}]] + O[x]^j // Normal, {j, 1, terms + 1}];
G[x_] = 1 + ((1 + x)/x)*F[x] - (F[x]^2 + F[x^2])/(2*x) + O[x]^terms;
CoefficientList[G[x], x] (* Jean-François Alcover, Jan 12 2018 *)
urt[n_]:=Join@@Table[Union[Sort/@Tuples[urt/@ptn]],{ptn,IntegerPartitions[n-1]}];
Table[Length[Select[urt[n],Length[#]!=2&&FreeQ[Z@@#,{}]&]],{n,15}] (* _Gus Wiseman, Jan 21 2020 *)

{a(n) = local(A); if( n<3, n>0, A = x / (1 - x^2) + x * O(x^n); for(k=3, n-1, A /= (1 - x^k + x * O(x^n))^polcoeff(A, k)); polcoeff( (1 + x)*A - x*(A^2 + subst(A, x, x^2)) / 2, n))};

G.f. = 1 + ((1+x)*f(x) - (f(x)^2+f(x^2))/2)/x where f(x) is g.f. for A001678 (homeomorphically irreducible planted trees by nodes).
a(n) ~ c * d^n / n^(3/2), where d = A246403 = 2.18946198566085056388702757711... and c = 0.4213018528699249210965028... . - Vaclav Kotesovec, Jun 26 2014
For n > 1, this sequence counts lone-child-avoiding rooted trees with n nodes and more than two branches, plus lone-child-avoiding rooted trees with n - 1 nodes. So for n > 1, a(n) = A331488(n) + A001678(n). - Gus Wiseman, Jan 21 2020

Additional comments from Michael Somos, Oct 10 2003

A005512 Number of series-reduced labeled trees with n nodes.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 0, 4, 5, 96, 427, 6448, 56961, 892720, 11905091, 211153944, 3692964145, 75701219608, 1613086090995, 38084386700896, 949168254452993, 25524123909350112, 725717102391257347, 21955114496683796680

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane, Simon Plouffe

			a(6) = 96 because there are two unlabeled series-reduced trees on six vertices, the star and the tree with two vertices of degree three and four leaves; the first of these can be labeled in 6 ways and the second in 90, for a total of 96. - Isabel C. Lugo (izzycat(AT)gmail.com), Aug 19 2004

F. Bergeron, G. Labelle and P. Leroux, Combinatorial Species and Tree-Like Structures, Cambridge, 1998, p. 188 (3.1.94)
F. Harary and E. M. Palmer, Graphical Enumeration. New York: Academic Press, 1973. (gives g.f. for unlabeled series-reduced trees)
R. C. Read, personal communication.
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

T. D. Noe, Table of n, a(n) for n=1..100
David Callan, A sign-reversing involution to count labeled lone-child-avoiding trees, arXiv:1406.7784 [math.CO], (30-June-2014)
D. M. Jackson, Letter to N. J. A. Sloane, May 1975
P. Leroux and B. Miloudi, Généralisations de la formule d'Otter, Ann. Sci. Math. Quebec 16 (1992), no 1, 53-80.
P. Leroux and B. Miloudi, Généralisations de la formule d'Otter, Ann. Sci. Math. Québec, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 53-80, 1992. (Annotated scanned copy)
A. Meir and J. W. Moon, On nodes of degree two in random trees, Mathematika 15 1968 188-192.
R. C. Read, Some Unusual Enumeration Problems, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol. 175, 1970, 314-326.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Series-reduced Tree
Index entries for sequences related to trees

Cf. A000014 (unlabeled analog), A060313.

[1] cat [Factorial(n-2)*(&+[(-1)^k*Binomial(n,k)*(n-k)^(n-k-2)/Factorial(n-k-2): k in [0..n-2]]): n in [2..20]]

A005512 := proc(n)
    if n = 1 then
        1;
    else
        add( (-1)^(n-r)*binomial(n,r)*r^(r-2)/(r-2)!,r=2..n) ;
        %*(n-2)! ;
    end if;
end proc: # R. J. Mathar, Sep 09 2014

a[1] = a[2] = 1; a[3] = 0; a[n_] := n!*(n-2)!*Sum[ (-1)^k*(n-k)^(n-k-3) / (k!*(n-k-2)!^2*(n-k-1)), {k, 0, n-2}]; Table[a[n], {n, 1, 20}](* Jean-François Alcover, Feb 16 2012, after given formula *)
u[1, 1] = 1; u[2, 1] = 0; u[2, 2] = 1; u[3, k_] := 0;
u[n_, k_] /; k <= 0 := 0;
u[n_, k_] /; k >= 1 :=
u[n, k] = (n (n - k) u[n - 1, k - 1] + n (n - 1) (n - 3) u[n - 2, k - 1])/k;
Table[Sum[u[n, m], {m, 1, n}], {n, 50}] (* David Callan, Jun 25 2014, fast generation, after R. C. Read link *)

a(n) = if(n<=1, n==1, sum(k=0, n-2, (-1)^k*(n-k)^(n-k-2)*binomial(n, k)*(n-2)!/(n-k-2)!)) \\ Andrew Howroyd, Dec 18 2017

[1]+[factorial(n-2)*sum((-1)^k*binomial(n,k)*(n-k)^(n-k-2)/factorial( n-k-2) for k in (0..n-2)) for n in (2..20)] # G. C. Greubel, Mar 07 2020

a(n) = A060313(n)/n.
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n-2} (-1)^k*(n-k)^(n-k-2)*binomial(n, k)*(n-2)!/(n-k-2)!, n>=2.
E.g.f.: (1+x)*B(x)*(1-B(x)/2), where B(x) is e.g.f. for A060356. - Vladeta Jovovic, Dec 17 2004
a(n) ~ (1-exp(-1))^(n+1/2)*n^(n-2). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Aug 07 2013

Formula from Christian G. Bower, Jan 16 2004

A331488 Number of unlabeled lone-child-avoiding rooted trees with n vertices and more than two branches (of the root).

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 6, 10, 20, 36, 70, 134, 263, 513, 1022, 2030, 4076, 8203, 16614, 33738, 68833, 140796, 288989, 594621, 1226781, 2536532, 5256303, 10913196, 22700682, 47299699, 98714362, 206323140, 431847121, 905074333, 1899247187, 3990145833, 8392281473

Offset: 1

Gus Wiseman, Jan 20 2020

nonn

Also the number of lone-child-avoiding rooted trees with n vertices and more than two branches.

			The a(4) = 1 through a(9) = 10 trees:
  (ooo)  (oooo)  (ooooo)   (oooooo)   (ooooooo)    (oooooooo)
                 (oo(oo))  (oo(ooo))  (oo(oooo))   (oo(ooooo))
                           (ooo(oo))  (ooo(ooo))   (ooo(oooo))
                                      (oooo(oo))   (oooo(ooo))
                                      (o(oo)(oo))  (ooooo(oo))
                                      (oo(o(oo)))  (o(oo)(ooo))
                                                   (oo(o(ooo)))
                                                   (oo(oo)(oo))
                                                   (oo(oo(oo)))
                                                   (ooo(o(oo)))

David Callan, A sign-reversing involution to count labeled lone-child-avoiding trees, arXiv:1406.7784 [math.CO], (30-June-2014)
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Series-reduced tree.
Gus Wiseman, Sequences counting series-reduced and lone-child-avoiding trees by number of vertices.

The not necessarily lone-child-avoiding version is A331233.
The Matula-Goebel numbers of these trees are listed by A331490.
A000081 counts unlabeled rooted trees.
A001678 counts lone-child-avoiding rooted trees.
A001679 counts topologically series-reduced rooted trees.
A291636 lists Matula-Goebel numbers of lone-child-avoiding rooted trees.
A331489 lists Matula-Goebel numbers of series-reduced rooted trees.
Cf. A000014, A000669, A004250, A007097, A007821, A033942, A060313, A060356, A061775, A109082, A109129, A196050, A276625, A330943.

urt[n_]:=Join@@Table[Union[Sort/@Tuples[urt/@ptn]],{ptn,IntegerPartitions[n-1]}];
Table[Length[Select[urt[n],Length[#]>2&&FreeQ[#,{_}]&]],{n,10}]

For n > 1, a(n) = A001679(n) - A001678(n).

a(37)-a(38) from Jinyuan Wang, Jun 26 2020

Terminology corrected (lone-child-avoiding, not series-reduced) by Gus Wiseman, May 10 2021

A331490 Matula-Goebel numbers of series-reduced rooted trees with more than two branches (of the root).

Original entry on oeis.org

8, 16, 28, 32, 56, 64, 76, 98, 112, 128, 152, 172, 196, 212, 224, 256, 266, 304, 343, 344, 392, 424, 428, 448, 512, 524, 532, 602, 608, 652, 686, 688, 722, 742, 784, 848, 856, 896, 908, 931, 1024, 1048, 1052, 1064, 1204, 1216, 1244, 1304, 1372, 1376, 1444

Offset: 1

Gus Wiseman, Jan 20 2020

nonn

We say that a rooted tree is (topologically) series-reduced if no vertex has degree 2.
The Matula-Goebel number of a rooted tree is the product of primes indexed by the Matula-Goebel numbers of its branches. This gives a bijective correspondence between positive integers and unlabeled rooted trees.
Also Matula-Goebel numbers of lone-child-avoiding rooted trees with more than two branches.

			The sequence of all series-reduced rooted trees with more than two branches together with their Matula-Goebel numbers begins:
    8: (ooo)
   16: (oooo)
   28: (oo(oo))
   32: (ooooo)
   56: (ooo(oo))
   64: (oooooo)
   76: (oo(ooo))
   98: (o(oo)(oo))
  112: (oooo(oo))
  128: (ooooooo)
  152: (ooo(ooo))
  172: (oo(o(oo)))
  196: (oo(oo)(oo))
  212: (oo(oooo))
  224: (ooooo(oo))
  256: (oooooooo)
  266: (o(oo)(ooo))
  304: (oooo(ooo))
  343: ((oo)(oo)(oo))
  344: (ooo(o(oo)))

David Callan, A sign-reversing involution to count labeled lone-child-avoiding trees, arXiv:1406.7784 [math.CO], (30-June-2014)
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Series-reduced tree.
Gus Wiseman, Sequences counting series-reduced and lone-child-avoiding trees by number of vertices.

These trees are counted by A331488.
Unlabeled rooted trees are counted by A000081.
Lone-child-avoiding rooted trees are counted by A001678.
Topologically series-reduced rooted trees are counted by A001679.
Matula-Goebel numbers of lone-child-avoiding rooted trees are A291636.
Matula-Goebel numbers of series-reduced rooted trees are A331489.
Cf. A000014, A000669, A004250, A007097, A007821, A033942, A060313, A060356, A061775, A109082, A109129, A196050, A276625, A330943.

primeMS[n_]:=If[n==1,{},Flatten[Cases[FactorInteger[n],{p_,k_}:>Table[PrimePi[p],{k}]]]];
srQ[n_]:=Or[n==1,With[{m=primeMS[n]},And[Length[m]>1,And@@srQ/@m]]];
Select[Range[1000],PrimeOmega[#]>2&&srQ[#]&]

A254382 Number of rooted labeled trees on n nodes such that every nonroot node is the child of a branching node or of the root.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 2, 3, 16, 85, 696, 6349, 72080, 918873, 13484080, 219335281, 3962458248, 78203547877, 1680235050872, 38958029188485, 970681471597216, 25847378934429361, 732794687650764000, 22032916968153975769, 700360446794528578520

Offset: 0

Geoffrey Critzer, Jan 29 2015

nonn

Here, a branching node is a node with at least two children.
In other words, a(n) is the number of labeled rooted trees on n nodes such that the path from every node towards the root reaches a branching node (or the root) in one step.
Also labeled rooted trees that are lone-child-avoiding except possibly for the root. The unlabeled version is A198518. - Gus Wiseman, Jan 22 2020

			a(5) = 85:
...0................0...............0-o...
...|.............../ \............ /|\....
...o..............o   o...........o o o...
../|\............/ \   ...................
.o o o..........o   o   ..................
These trees have 20 + 60 + 5 = 85 labelings.
From _Gus Wiseman_, Jan 22 2020: (Start)
The a(1) = 1 through a(4) = 16 trees (in the format root[branches]) are:
  1  1[2]  1[2,3]  1[2,3,4]
     2[1]  2[1,3]  1[2[3,4]]
           3[1,2]  1[3[2,4]]
                   1[4[2,3]]
                   2[1,3,4]
                   2[1[3,4]]
                   2[3[1,4]]
                   2[4[1,3]]
                   3[1,2,4]
                   3[1[2,4]]
                   3[2[1,4]]
                   3[4[1,2]]
                   4[1,2,3]
                   4[1[2,3]]
                   4[2[1,3]]
                   4[3[1,2]]
(End)

Vaclav Kotesovec, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..200
David Callan, A sign-reversing involution to count labeled lone-child-avoiding trees, arXiv:1406.7784 [math.CO], (30-June-2014).
Gus Wiseman, Sequences counting series-reduced and lone-child-avoiding trees by number of vertices.

Cf. A231797, A052318 (condition is applied only to leaf nodes).
The unlabeled version is A198518
The non-planted case is A060356.
Labeled rooted trees are A000169.
Lone-child-avoiding rooted trees are A001678(n + 1).
Labeled topologically series-reduced rooted trees are A060313.
Labeled lone-child-avoiding unrooted trees are A108919.
Cf. A000014, A000669, A001679, A005512, A291636, A331488, A331578.

nn = 20; b = 1 + Sum[nn = n; n! Coefficient[Series[(Exp[x] - x)^n, {x, 0, nn}], x^n]*x^n/n!, {n,1, nn}]; c = Sum[a[n] x^n/n!, {n, 0, nn}]; sol = SolveAlways[b == Series[1/(1 - (c - x)), {x, 0, nn}], x]; Flatten[Table[a[n], {n, 0, nn}] /. sol]
nn = 30; CoefficientList[Series[1+x-1/Sum[SeriesCoefficient[(E^x-x)^n,{x,0,n}]*x^n,{n,0,nn}],{x,0,nn}],x] * Range[0,nn]! (* Vaclav Kotesovec, Jan 30 2015 *)
sps[{}]:={{}};sps[set:{i_,_}]:=Join@@Function[s,Prepend[#,s]&/@sps[Complement[set,s]]]/@Cases[Subsets[set],{i,_}];
lrt[set_]:=If[Length[set]==0,{},Join@@Table[Apply[root,#]&/@Join@@Table[Tuples[lrt/@stn],{stn,sps[DeleteCases[set,root]]}],{root,set}]];
Table[Length[Select[lrt[Range[n]],FreeQ[Z@@#,Integer[]]&]],{n,6}] (* Gus Wiseman, Jan 22 2020 *)

E.g.f.: A(x) satisfies 1/(1 - (A(x) - x)) = B(x) where B(x) is the e.g.f. for A231797.

a(n) ~ (1-exp(-1))^(n-1/2) * n^(n-1). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Jan 30 2015

A331489 Matula-Goebel numbers of topologically series-reduced rooted trees.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 7, 8, 16, 19, 28, 32, 43, 53, 56, 64, 76, 98, 107, 112, 128, 131, 152, 163, 172, 196, 212, 224, 227, 256, 263, 266, 304, 311, 343, 344, 383, 392, 424, 428, 443, 448, 512, 521, 524, 532, 577, 602, 608, 613, 652, 686, 688, 719, 722, 742, 751, 784, 848, 856

Offset: 1

Gus Wiseman, Jan 20 2020

nonn

We say that a rooted tree is topologically series-reduced if no vertex (including the root) has degree 2.

The Matula-Goebel number of a rooted tree is the product of primes indexed by the Matula-Goebel numbers of its branches. This gives a bijective correspondence between positive integers and unlabeled rooted trees.

			The sequence of all topologically series-reduced rooted trees together with their Matula-Goebel numbers begins:
    1: o
    2: (o)
    7: ((oo))
    8: (ooo)
   16: (oooo)
   19: ((ooo))
   28: (oo(oo))
   32: (ooooo)
   43: ((o(oo)))
   53: ((oooo))
   56: (ooo(oo))
   64: (oooooo)
   76: (oo(ooo))
   98: (o(oo)(oo))
  107: ((oo(oo)))
  112: (oooo(oo))
  128: (ooooooo)
  131: ((ooooo))
  152: (ooo(ooo))
  163: ((o(ooo)))

Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Series-reduced tree.
Gus Wiseman, Sequences counting series-reduced and lone-child-avoiding trees by number of vertices.

Unlabeled rooted trees are counted by A000081.
Topologically series-reduced trees are counted by A000014.
Topologically series-reduced rooted trees are counted by A001679.
Labeled topologically series-reduced trees are counted by A005512.
Labeled topologically series-reduced rooted trees are counted by A060313.
Matula-Goebel numbers of lone-child-avoiding rooted trees are A291636.
Cf. A000669, A001678, A007097, A007821, A060356, A061775, A109082, A109129, A196050, A254382, A276625, A330943, A331490.

nn=1000;
primeMS[n_]:=If[n==1,{},Flatten[Cases[FactorInteger[n],{p_,k_}:>Table[PrimePi[p],{k}]]]];
srQ[n_]:=Or[n==1,With[{m=primeMS[n]},And[Length[m]>1,And@@srQ/@m]]];
Select[Range[nn],PrimeOmega[#]!=2&&And@@srQ/@primeMS[#]&]

A331578 Number of labeled series-reduced rooted trees with n vertices and more than two branches of the root.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 0, 4, 5, 186, 847, 17928, 166833, 3196630, 45667391, 925287276, 17407857337, 393376875906, 8989368580935, 229332484742416, 6094576250570849, 174924522900914094, 5271210321949744111, 168792243040279327860, 5674164658298121248361, 200870558472768096534490

Offset: 1

Gus Wiseman, Jan 21 2020

nonn

A rooted tree is series-reduced if no vertex (including the root) has degree 2.

Also labeled lone-child-avoiding rooted trees with n vertices and more than two branches, where a rooted tree is lone-child-avoiding if no vertex has exactly one child.

			Non-isomorphic representatives of the a(7) = 847 trees (in the format root[branches]) are:
  1[2,3,4[5,6,7]]
  1[2,3,4,5[6,7]]
  1[2,3,4,5,6,7]

Andrew Howroyd, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..200

The non-series-reduced version is A331577.
The unlabeled version is A331488.
Lone-child-avoiding rooted trees are counted by A001678.
Topologically series-reduced rooted trees are counted by A001679.
Labeled topologically series-reduced rooted trees are counted by A060313.
Labeled lone-child-avoiding rooted trees are counted by A060356.
Matula-Goebel numbers of lone-child-avoiding rooted trees are A291636.
Matula-Goebel numbers of series-reduced rooted trees are A331489.
Cf. A000014, A000169, A000669, A005512, A108919, A206429, A331233, A331490.

lrt[set_]:=If[Length[set]==0,{},Join@@Table[Apply[root,#]&/@Join@@Table[Tuples[lrt/@stn],{stn,sps[DeleteCases[set,root]]}],{root,set}]];
Table[Length[Select[lrt[Range[n]],Length[#]>2&&FreeQ[#,[]]&]],{n,6}]

a(n) = {if(n<=1, 0, sum(k=1, n, (-1)^(n-k)*k^(k-2)*n*(n-2)!*binomial(n-1,k-1)*(2*k*n - n - k^2)/k!))} \\ Andrew Howroyd, Dec 09 2020

seq(n)={my(w=lambertw(-x/(1+x) + O(x*x^n))); Vec(serlaplace(-x - w - (x/2)*w^2), -n)} \\ Andrew Howroyd, Dec 09 2020

From Andrew Howroyd, Dec 09 2020: (Start)
a(n) = A060313(n) - n*A060356(n-1) for n > 1.
a(n) = Sum_{k=1..n} (-1)^(n-k)*k^(k-2)*n*(n-2)!*binomial(n-1,k-1)*(2*k*n - n - k^2)/k! for n > 1.
E.g.f.: -x - LambertW(-x/(1+x)) - (x/2)*LambertW(-x/(1+x))^2.
(End)

Terms a(9) and beyond from Andrew Howroyd, Dec 09 2020

A331233 Number of unlabeled rooted trees with n vertices and more than two branches of the root.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 0, 1, 2, 5, 12, 30, 75, 194, 501, 1317, 3485, 9302, 24976, 67500, 183290, 500094, 1369939, 3766831, 10391722, 28756022, 79794407, 221987348, 619019808, 1729924110, 4844242273, 13590663071, 38195831829, 107523305566, 303148601795, 855922155734, 2419923253795

Offset: 1

Gus Wiseman, Jan 21 2020

nonn

			The a(4) = 1 through a(7) = 12 rooted trees:
  (ooo)  (oooo)   (ooooo)    (oooooo)
         (oo(o))  (oo(oo))   (oo(ooo))
                  (ooo(o))   (ooo(oo))
                  (o(o)(o))  (oooo(o))
                  (oo((o)))  (o(o)(oo))
                             (oo((oo)))
                             (oo(o)(o))
                             (oo(o(o)))
                             (ooo((o)))
                             ((o)(o)(o))
                             (o(o)((o)))
                             (oo(((o))))

Alois P. Heinz, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..1000 (first 500 terms from Andrew Howroyd)

The Matula-Goebel numbers of these trees are given by A033942.
The series-reduced case is A331488.
The lone-child-avoiding case is (also) A331488.
The labeled version is A331577.
Unlabeled rooted trees are counted by A000081.
Cf. A001678, A001679, A004111, A033185, A060313, A206429, A331490, A331578.

g:= proc(n, i, t) option remember; `if`(n=0, `if`(t=0, 1, 0),
      `if`(i<1, 0, add(binomial(g(i-1$2, 0)+j-1, j)*
         g(n-i*j, i-1, max(0, t-j)), j=0..n/i)))
    end:
a:= n-> g(n-1$2, 3):
seq(a(n), n=1..40);  # Alois P. Heinz, Jan 22 2020

urt[n_]:=Join@@Table[Union[Sort/@Tuples[urt/@ptn]],{ptn,IntegerPartitions[n-1]}];
Table[Length[Select[urt[n],Length[#]>2&]],{n,10}]
(* Second program: *)
g[n_, i_, t_] := g[n, i, t] = If[n == 0, If[t == 0, 1, 0],
     If[i < 1, 0, Sum[Binomial[g[i - 1, i - 1, 0] + j - 1, j]*
     g[n - i*j, i - 1, Max[0, t - j]], {j, 0, n/i}]]];
a[n_] := g[n-1, n-1, 3];
Array[a, 40] (* Jean-François Alcover, May 20 2021, after Alois P. Heinz *)

\\ TreeGf gives gf of A000081.
TreeGf(N)={my(A=vector(N, j, 1)); for (n=1, N-1, A[n+1] = 1/n * sum(k=1, n, sumdiv(k, d, d*A[d]) * A[n-k+1] ) ); x*Ser(A)}
seq(n)={my(g=TreeGf(n)); Vec(g - x*(1 + g + (g^2 + subst(g, x, x^2))/2), -n)} \\ Andrew Howroyd, Jan 22 2020

For n > 1, a(n) = Sum_{k > 2} A033185(n - 1, k).

G.f.: f(x) - x*(1 + f(x) + (f(x)^2 + f(x^2))/2) where f(x) is the g.f. of A000081. - Andrew Howroyd, Jan 22 2020

A331577 Number of labeled rooted trees with n vertices and more than two branches of the root.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 0, 4, 65, 1026, 17857, 349224, 7657281, 186895270, 5037424601, 148805552556, 4784793219505, 166458635341194, 6231891513395745, 249886992888096976, 10686839817678846209, 485632267141865950926, 23370062118676064101801, 1187393725239246382405140

Offset: 1

Gus Wiseman, Jan 21 2020

nonn

			Non-isomorphic representatives of the a(6) = 1026 trees (in the format root[branches]) are:
  1[2,3,4[5[6]]]
  1[2,3[4],5[6]]
  1[2,3,4[5,6]]
  1[2,3,4,5[6]]
  1[2,3,4,5,6]

Andrew Howroyd, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..200

The series-reduced version is A331578.
The unlabeled version is A331233.
Labeled rooted trees are counted by A000169.
Cf. A000081, A033185, A060313, A060356, A206429, A331488, A331490.

lrt[set_]:=If[Length[set]==0,{},Join@@Table[Apply[root,#]&/@Join@@Table[Tuples[lrt/@stn],{stn,sps[DeleteCases[set,root]]}],{root,set}]];
Table[Length[Select[lrt[Range[n]],Length[#]>2&]],{n,6}]

seq(n)={my(f=serreverse(x*exp(O(x^n) -x ))); Vec(serlaplace(f - x*(1 + f + f^2/2)), -n)} \\ Andrew Howroyd, Jan 23 2020

For n > 1, a(n) = Sum_{k > 2} A206429(n, k).

E.g.f.: f(x) - x*(1 + f(x) + f(x)^2/2), where f(x) is the e.g.f. of A000169. - Andrew Howroyd, Jan 23 2020

cp's OEIS Frontend

A060356 Expansion of e.g.f.: -LambertW(-x/(1+x)).

Views

Author

Keywords

Comments

Examples

Links

Crossrefs

Programs

GAP

Maple

Mathematica

PARI

PARI

Formula

A001679 Number of series-reduced rooted trees with n nodes.

Views

Author

Keywords

Comments

Examples

References

Links

Crossrefs

Programs

Maple

Mathematica

PARI

Formula

Extensions

A005512 Number of series-reduced labeled trees with n nodes.

Views

Author

Keywords

Examples

References

Links

Crossrefs

Programs

Magma

Maple

Mathematica

PARI

Sage

Formula

Extensions

A331488 Number of unlabeled lone-child-avoiding rooted trees with n vertices and more than two branches (of the root).

Views

Author

Keywords

Comments

Examples

Links

Crossrefs

Programs

Mathematica

Formula

Extensions

A331490 Matula-Goebel numbers of series-reduced rooted trees with more than two branches (of the root).

Views

Author

Keywords

Comments

Examples

Links

Crossrefs

Programs

Mathematica

A254382 Number of rooted labeled trees on n nodes such that every nonroot node is the child of a branching node or of the root.

Views

Author

Keywords

Comments

Examples

Links

Crossrefs

Programs

Mathematica

Formula