A076864 -id:A076864 - cp's OEIS frontend

A050535 Number of loopless multigraphs on infinite set of nodes with n edges.

1, 1, 3, 8, 23, 66, 212, 686, 2389, 8682, 33160, 132277, 550835, 2384411, 10709827, 49782637, 238998910, 1182772364, 6023860266, 31525780044, 169316000494, 932078457785, 5253664040426, 30290320077851, 178480713438362, 1073918172017297

Offset: 0

Vladeta Jovovic, Dec 29 1999

nonn

Also, a(n) is the number of n-rowed binary matrices with all row sums equal to 2, up to row and column permutation (see Jovovic's formula). Also, a(n) is the limit of A192517(m,n) as m grows. - Max Alekseyev, Oct 18 2017
Row sums of the triangle defined by the Multiset Transformation of A076864,
;
1;
2 1;
5 2 1;
12 8 2 1;
33 22 8 2 1;
103 72 26 8 2 1;
333 229 87 26 8 2 1;
1183 782 295 92 26 8 2 1;
4442 2760 1036 315 92 26 8 2 1;
17576 10270 3735 1129 321 92 26 8 2 1;
72810 39770 13976 4117 1154 321 92 26 8 2 1;
314595 160713 54132 15547 4237 1161 321 92 26 8 2 1;
- R. J. Mathar, Jul 18 2017
Also the number of non-isomorphic set multipartitions (multisets of sets) of {1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, ..., n, n}. - Gus Wiseman, Jul 18 2018

			From _Gus Wiseman_, Jul 18 2018: (Start)
Non-isomorphic representatives of the a(3) = 8 set multipartitions of {1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3}:
  (123)(123)
  (1)(23)(123)
  (12)(13)(23)
  (1)(1)(23)(23)
  (1)(2)(3)(123)
  (1)(2)(13)(23)
  (1)(1)(2)(3)(23)
  (1)(1)(2)(2)(3)(3)
(End)

Frank Harary and Edgar M. Palmer, Graphical Enumeration, Academic Press, NY, 1973, p. 88, Eq. (4.1.18).

Andrew Howroyd, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..50
George Barnes, Sanjaye Ramgoolam, and Michael Stephanou, Permutation invariant Gaussian matrix models for financial correlation matrices, arXiv:2306.04569 [q-fin.ST], 2023.
Frank Harary, The number of linear, directed, rooted, and connected graphs, Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 78 (1955) 445-463, eq. (24).
Vladeta Jovovic, Number of m-rowed binary matrices with all row sums equal to n, up to row and column permutation
Patrick T. Komiske, Eric M. Metodiev, and Jesse Thaler, Energy flow polynomials: A complete linear basis for jet substructure, arXiv:1712.07124 [hep-ph], 2017.
Tsuyoshi Miezaki, Akihiro Munemasa, Yusaku Nishimura, Tadashi Sakuma, and Shuhei Tsujie, Universal graph series, chromatic functions, and their index theory, arXiv:2403.09985 [math.CO], 2024. See p. 23.

Cf. A001399, A003082, A014395, A014396, A014397, A014398.
Cf. A058389, A050913, A058783, A058390, A058784, A058785, A058391, A058392, A001501, A058528.
Cf. A007716, A007717, A020555, A050535, A076864 (inverse Euler transf.), A076867 (Euler transform) A094574, A316974.

seq[n_] := G[2n, x+O[x]^n, {}] // CoefficientList[#, x]&;
seq[15] (* Jean-François Alcover, Dec 02 2020, using Andrew Howroyd's code for G in A339065 *)

a(n) = A192517(2*n,n) = A192517(m,n) for any m>=2*n. - Max Alekseyev, Oct 18 2017

Euler transform of A076864. - Andrew Howroyd, Oct 23 2019

More terms from Sean A. Irvine, Oct 02 2011

A191646 Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) = number of connected multigraphs with n >= 0 edges and 1 <= k <= n+1 vertices, with no loops allowed.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 2, 2, 0, 1, 3, 5, 3, 0, 1, 4, 11, 11, 6, 0, 1, 6, 22, 34, 29, 11, 0, 1, 7, 37, 85, 110, 70, 23, 0, 1, 9, 61, 193, 348, 339, 185, 47, 0, 1, 11, 95, 396, 969, 1318, 1067, 479, 106, 0, 1, 13, 141, 771, 2445, 4457, 4940, 3294, 1279, 235

Offset: 0

Alberto Tacchella, Jul 04 2011

			Triangle T(n,k) (with rows n >= 0 and columns k >= 1) begins as follows:
  1;
  0, 1;
  0, 1, 1;
  0, 1, 2,  2;
  0, 1, 3,  5,  3;
  0, 1, 4, 11, 11,  6;
  0, 1, 6, 22, 34, 29, 11;
  ...

Andrew Howroyd, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1274 (terms 0..119 from R. J. Mathar)
R. J. Mathar, Statistics on Small Graphs, arXiv:1709.09000 [math.CO], 2017; see Section 4.
Brendan McKay and Adolfo Piperno, nauty and Traces. [nauty and Traces are programs for computing automorphism groups of graphs and digraphs.]
B. D. McKay and A. Piperno, Practical Graph Isomorphism, II, J. Symbolic Computation 60 (2013), 94-112.
Gordon Royle, Small Multigraphs.
Gus Wiseman, Illustration of the 33 connected multigraphs counted in row 5.

Row sums give A076864. Diagonal is A000055.
Cf. A034253, A054923, A192517, A253186 (column k=3), A290778 (column k=4).
Cf. A000664, A007718, A036250, A050535, A191646, A191970, A275421, A317672, A322114, A322133, A322152.

EulerT(v)={my(p=exp(x*Ser(dirmul(v,vector(#v,n,1/n))))-1); Vec(p/x,-#v)}
InvEulerMT(u)={my(n=#u, p=log(1+x*Ser(u)), vars=variables(p)); Vec(serchop( sum(i=1, n, moebius(i)*substvec(p + O(x*x^(n\i)), vars, apply(v->v^i,vars))/i), 1))}
permcount(v) = {my(m=1, s=0, k=0, t); for(i=1, #v, t=v[i]; k=if(i>1&&t==v[i-1], k+1, 1); m*=t*k; s+=t); s!/m}
edges(v,x)={sum(i=2, #v, sum(j=1, i-1, my(g=gcd(v[i],v[j])); g*x^(v[i]*v[j]/g))) + sum(i=1, #v, my(t=v[i]); ((t-1)\2)*x^t + if(t%2,0,x^(t/2)))}
G(n,m)={my(s=0); forpart(p=n, s+=permcount(p)*EulerT(Vec(edges(p,x) + O(x*x^m), -m))); s/n!}
R(n)={Mat(apply(p->Col(p+O(y^n),-n), InvEulerMT(vector(n, k, 1 + y*Ser(G(k,n-1), y)))))}
{ my(A=R(10)); for(n=1, #A, for(k=1, n, print1(A[n,k], ", "));print) } \\ Andrew Howroyd, May 14 2018

T(n,k=3) = A253186(n) = A034253(n,k=2) for n >= 1. - Petros Hadjicostas, Oct 02 2019

A253186 Number of connected unlabeled loopless multigraphs with 3 vertices and n edges.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 18, 20, 23, 26, 29, 32, 36, 39, 43, 47, 51, 55, 60, 64, 69, 74, 79, 84, 90, 95, 101, 107, 113, 119, 126, 132, 139, 146, 153, 160, 168, 175, 183, 191, 199, 207, 216, 224, 233, 242, 251, 260, 270, 279, 289, 299, 309, 319, 330

Offset: 0

Danny Rorabaugh, Mar 23 2015

a(n) is also the number of ways to partition n into 2 or 3 parts.
a(n) is also the dimension of linear space of three-dimensional 2n-homogeneous polynomial vector fields, which have an octahedral symmetry (for a given representation), which are solenoidal, and which are vector fields on spheres. - Giedrius Alkauskas, Sep 30 2017
Apparently a(n) = A244239(n-6) for n > 4. - Georg Fischer, Oct 09 2018
a(n) is also the number of loopless connected n-regular multigraphs with 4 nodes. - Natan Arie Consigli, Aug 09 2019
a(n) is also the number of inequivalent linear [n, k=2] binary codes without 0 columns (see A034253 for more details). - Petros Hadjicostas, Oct 02 2019
Differs from A160138 only by the offset. - R. J. Mathar, May 15 2023
From Allan Bickle, Jul 13 2025: (Start)
a(n) is the number of theta graphs with n-2 vertices, or n-1 edges.  Equivalently, the number of 2-connected graphs with n-2 vertices and n-1 edges.
A theta graph has three paths with length at least 1 identified at their endpoints.  There can at most one path with length 1.
For instance the theta graphs with 6 vertices have paths with lengths (1,2,4), (1,3,3), or (2,2,2), so a(6-2) = 3. (End)

			On vertex set {a, b, c}, every connected multigraph with n = 5 edges is isomorphic to a multigraph with one of the following a(5) = 4 edge multisets: {ab, ab, ab, ab, ac}, {ab, ab, ab, ac, ac}, {ab, ab, ab, ac, bc}, and {ab, ab, ac, ac, bc}.

Danny Rorabaugh, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..10000
Giedrius Alkauskas, Projective and polynomial superflows. I, arxiv.org/1601.06570 [math.AG], 2017; see Section 5.3.
Harald Fripertinger, Isometry Classes of Codes.
Harald Fripertinger, Snk2: Number of the isometry classes of all binary (n,k)-codes without zero-columns. [See column k = 2.]
H. Fripertinger and A. Kerber, Isometry classes of indecomposable linear codes. In: G. Cohen, M. Giusti, T. Mora (eds), Applied Algebra, Algebraic Algorithms and Error-Correcting Codes, 11th International Symposium, AAECC 1995, Lect. Notes Comp. Sci. 948 (1995), pp. 194-204. [Here a(n) = S_{n,2,2}.]
R. J. Mathar, Statistics on Small Graphs, arXiv:1709.09000 [math.CO], 2017; see Eq. (23).
Gordon Royle, Small Multigraphs.
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (1,1,0,-1,-1,1).

Cf. A001399, A003082, A014395, A014396, A014397, A014398, A050535, A076864.
Column k = 3 of A191646 and column k = 2 of A034253.
First differences of A034198 (excepting the first term).
Cf. A213654, A213655, A213668 (theta graphs).

[Floor(n/2) + Floor((n^2 + 6)/12): n in [0..70]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Mar 24 2015

CoefficientList[Series[- x^2 (x^3 - x - 1) / ((1 - x) (1 - x^2) (1 - x^3)), {x, 0, 70}], x] (* Vincenzo Librandi, Mar 24 2015 *)
LinearRecurrence[{1, 1, 0, -1, -1, 1}, {0, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4}, 61] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Oct 11 2017 *)
a[n_]:=Floor[n/2] + Floor[(n^2 + 6)/12]; Array[a, 70, 0] (* Stefano Spezia, Oct 09 2018 *)

[floor(n/2) + floor((n^2 + 6)/12) for n in range(70)]

a(n) = A004526(n) + A069905(n).
a(n) = floor(n/2) + floor((n^2 + 6)/12).
G.f.: x^2*(x^3 - x - 1)/((x - 1)^2*(x^2 - 1)*(x^2 + x + 1)).

A007719 Number of independent polynomial invariants of symmetric matrix of order n.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 4, 11, 30, 95, 328, 1211, 4779, 19902, 86682, 393072, 1847264, 8965027, 44814034, 230232789, 1213534723, 6552995689, 36207886517, 204499421849, 1179555353219, 6942908667578, 41673453738272, 254918441681030, 1588256152307002, 10073760672179505

Offset: 0

Colin Mallows

Also, number of connected multigraphs with n edges (allowing loops) and any number of nodes.

Also the number of non-isomorphic connected multiset partitions of {1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, ..., n, n}. - Gus Wiseman, Jul 18 2018

			From _Gus Wiseman_, Jul 18 2018: (Start)
Non-isomorphic representatives of the a(3) = 11 connected multiset partitions of {1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3}:
  (112233),
  (1)(12233), (12)(1233), (112)(233), (123)(123),
  (1)(2)(1233), (1)(12)(233), (1)(23)(123), (12)(13)(23),
  (1)(2)(3)(123), (1)(2)(13)(23).
(End)

Andrew Howroyd, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..50
R. J. Mathar, Statistics on Small Graphs, arXiv:1709.09000 [math.CO] (2017) Table 63.

Row sums of A322115.

Cf. A002905, A007716, A007717, A007719, A020555, A050535, A053419, A076864, A191970, A316972, A316974.

mob[m_, n_] := If[Mod[m, n] == 0, MoebiusMu[m/n], 0];
EULERi[b_] := Module[{a, c, i, d}, c = {}; For[i = 1, i <= Length[b], i++,
  c = Append[c, i*b[[i]] - Sum[c[[d]]*b[[i - d]], {d, 1, i - 1}]]]; a = {};
  For[i = 1, i <= Length[b], i++, a = Append[a, (1/i)*Sum[mob[i, d]*c[[d]], {d, 1, i}]]]; Return[a]];
permcount[v_] := Module[{m = 1, s = 0, k = 0, t}, For[i = 1, i <= Length[v], i++, t = v[[i]]; k = If[i > 1 && t == v[[i - 1]], k + 1, 1]; m *= t k; s += t]; s!/m];
Kq[q_, t_, k_] := SeriesCoefficient[1/Product[g = GCD[t, q[[j]]]; (1 - x^(q[[j]]/g))^g, {j, 1, Length[q]}], {x, 0, k}];
RowSumMats[n_, m_, k_] := Module[{s = 0}, Do[s += permcount[q]* SeriesCoefficient[ Exp[Sum[Kq[q, t, k]/t x^t, {t, 1, n}]], {x, 0, n}], {q, IntegerPartitions[m]}]; s/m!];
A007717 = Table[Print[n]; RowSumMats[n, 2 n, 2], {n, 0, 20}];
Join[{1}, EULERi[Rest[A007717]]] (* Jean-François Alcover, Oct 29 2018, using Andrew Howroyd's code for A007717 *)

Inverse Euler transform of A007717.

a(0)=1 added by Alberto Tacchella, Jun 20 2011

a(7)-a(25) from Franklin T. Adams-Watters, Jun 21 2011

A339036 Number of unlabeled connected loopless multigraphs with n edges rooted at one distinguished vertex.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 3, 9, 30, 104, 390, 1518, 6208, 26372, 116221, 529341, 2487054, 12027502, 59778867, 304916272, 1594273763, 8535706749, 46753269749, 261771468438, 1497087288210, 8739579074131, 52045067963540, 315980654042243, 1954770128712348, 12315770916526091

Offset: 0

Andrew Howroyd, Nov 20 2020

nonn

Cf. A007717, A050535, A076864, A339037, A339038, A339039, A339042, A339043, A339065.

seq[n_] := G[2n, x+O[x]^n, {1}]/G[2n, x+O[x]^n, {}] // CoefficientList[#, x]&;
seq[15] (* Jean-François Alcover, Dec 02 2020, using Andrew Howroyd's code for G in A339065 *)

\\ See A339065 for G.
seq(n)={my(A=O(x*x^n)); Vec(G(2*n, x+A, [1])/G(2*n, x+A, []))}

G.f.: f(x)/g(x) where f(x) is the g.f. of A007717 and g(x) is the g.f. of A050535.

A339037 Number of unlabeled connected loopless multigraphs with n edges rooted at one oriented edge.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 3, 11, 41, 160, 641, 2672, 11479, 50938, 232830, 1095151, 5292990, 26257328, 133548307, 695752146, 3709509938, 20224607541, 112675185837, 641016837378, 3721624588590, 22037618432547, 133023405207408, 818085097509494, 5123460267381837, 32660335570381961, 211825198708110059

Offset: 1

Andrew Howroyd, Nov 20 2020

nonn

Cf. A050535, A076864, A339036, A339038, A339042, A339043, A339044, A339065.

seq[n_] := Module[{A = O[x]^n}, G[2n, x+A, {1, 1}]/G[2n, x+A, {}] // CoefficientList[#, x]&]; (* Jean-François Alcover, Dec 02 2020, after Andrew Howroyd's code for G in A339065 *)

\\ See A339065 for G.
seq(n)={my(A=O(x*x^n)); Vec(G(2*n, x+A, [1,1])/G(2*n, x+A, []))}

G.f.: x*f(x)/g(x) where f(x) is the g.f. of A339065 and g(x) is the g.f. of A050535.

A339042 Number of unlabeled connected loopless multigraphs with n edges rooted at two noninterchangeable vertices.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 4, 17, 73, 319, 1423, 6499, 30374, 145302, 711177, 3559690, 18212192, 95193547, 508083746, 2767835600, 15382476029, 87177582535, 503610832756, 2964300557548, 17771210411578, 108471258414870, 673836620069035, 4258727230198033, 27373904651169023, 178885471934461869

Offset: 1

Andrew Howroyd, Nov 20 2020

nonn

Cf. A050535, A076864, A339036, A339037, A339038, A339040, A339043, A339065.

seq[n_] := Module[{g}, g = G[2n, x+O[x]^n, {}]; G[2n, x+O[x]^n, {1, 1}]/g - (G[2n, x+O[x]^n, {1}]/g)^2 // CoefficientList[#, x]& // Rest];
seq[15] (* Jean-François Alcover, Dec 02 2020, using Andrew Howroyd's code for G in A339065 *)

\\ See A339065 for G.
seq(n)={my(A=O(x*x^n), g=G(2*n, x+A, [])); Vec(G(2*n, x+A, [1, 1])/g - (G(2*n, x+A, [1])/g)^2)}

G.f.: f(x) - g(x)^2 where x*f(x) is the g.f. of A339037 and g(x) is the g.f. of A339036.

A339043 Number of unlabeled connected loopless multigraphs with n edges rooted at two indistinguishable vertices.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 3, 11, 43, 178, 767, 3425, 15783, 74775, 363639, 1811808, 9239430, 48175945, 256658465, 1396152633, 7750325528, 43882706171, 253308596926, 1490040961732, 8928063141435, 54469529215562, 338236254603888, 2136952452531537, 13731571816349732, 89710429044324926

Offset: 1

Andrew Howroyd, Nov 20 2020

nonn

Cf. A050535, A076864, A339036, A339037, A339038, A339041, A339042, A339065.

seq[n_] := Module[{g, gr}, g = G[2n, x+O[x]^n, {}]; gr = G[2n, x+O[x]^n, {1}]/g; G[2n, x+O[x]^n, {1, 1}]/g - gr^2 + G[2n, x+O[x]^n, {2}]/g - (Normal[gr] /. x -> x^2) // CoefficientList[#/2, x]& // Rest];
seq[15] (* Jean-François Alcover, Dec 02 2020, after Andrew Howroyd's code for G in A339065 *)

\\ See A339065 for G.
seq(n)={my(A=O(x*x^n), g=G(2*n, x+A, []), gr=G(2*n, x+A, [1])/g); Vec(G(2*n, x+A, [1, 1])/g - gr^2 + G(2*n, x+A, [2])/g - subst(gr, x, x^2))/2}

G.f: f(g) - (g(x)^2 + g(x^2))/2 where x*f(x) is the g.f. of A339038 and g(x) is the g.f. of A339036.

A010357 Number of unlabeled nonseparable (or 2-connected) loopless multigraphs with n edges.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 2, 3, 6, 14, 32, 90, 279, 942, 3468, 13777, 57747, 254671, 1170565, 5580706, 27487418, 139477796, 727458338, 3893078684, 21346838204, 119787629215, 687200870250

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane

Original name: Multi-edge stars with n edges.

			From _Andrew Howroyd_, Nov 23 2020: (Start)
The a(1) = 1 graph is a single edge (K_2 = P_2).
The a(2) = 1 graph is a double edge.
The a(3) = 2 graphs are a triple edge and the triangle (K_3).
The a(4) = 3 graphs are a quadruple edge, a triangle with one double edge and the square (C_4).
(End)

George A. Baker Jr. and John M. Kincaid, The continuous-spin Ising model, g0:phi4:d field theory, and the renormalization group, J. Statist. Phys. 24 (1981), no. 3, 469-528.
Brendan McKay and Adolfo Piperno, nauty and Traces, programs for computing automorphism groups of graphs and digraphs.
Gus Wiseman, Non-isomorphic representatives of the a(1) = 1 through a(6) = 14 unlabeled 2-connected multigraphs.

Row sums of A339160.
Cf. A050535, A076864, A010355, A010359.
A002218 counts unlabeled 2-connected graphs.
A013922 counts labeled 2-connected graphs.
A322140 is a labeled version.
Cf. A002905, A006444, A007718, A275307, A304887.

Name changed by Andrew Howroyd, Dec 05 2020
a(11)-a(20) added using geng/multig from nauty by Andrew Howroyd, Dec 05 2020
a(21)-a(23) from Sean A. Irvine, Apr 18 2024

A339038 Number of unlabeled connected loopless multigraphs with n edges rooted at one unoriented edge.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 7, 23, 88, 339, 1396, 5915, 26080, 118539, 555678, 2678458, 13262193, 67353325, 350493424, 1866989802, 10171394388, 56631507822, 322011612423, 1868702977253, 11061267210030, 66745602611831, 410360493588788, 2569318971123439, 16374787277199728, 106180292431149021

Offset: 1

Andrew Howroyd, Nov 20 2020

nonn

Cf. A050535, A076864, A303832, A339036, A339037, A339042, A339043, A339065, A339066.

seq[n_] := (G[2n, x + O[x]^n, {1, 1}] + G[2n, x + O[x]^n, {2}])/G[2n, x + O[x]^n, {}] // CoefficientList[#/2, x]&;
seq[15] (* Jean-François Alcover, Dec 02 2020, after Andrew Howroyd's code for G in A339065 *)

\\ See A339065 for G.
seq(n)={my(A=O(x*x^n)); Vec((G(2*n, x+A, [1,1]) + G(2*n, x+A, [2]))/G(2*n, x+A, []))/2}

G.f.: x*f(x)/g(x) where f(x) is the g.f. of A339066 and g(x) is the g.f. of A050535.

cp's OEIS Frontend

A050535 Number of loopless multigraphs on infinite set of nodes with n edges.

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A191646 Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) = number of connected multigraphs with n >= 0 edges and 1 <= k <= n+1 vertices, with no loops allowed.

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PARI

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A253186 Number of connected unlabeled loopless multigraphs with 3 vertices and n edges.

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Magma

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A007719 Number of independent polynomial invariants of symmetric matrix of order n.

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A339036 Number of unlabeled connected loopless multigraphs with n edges rooted at one distinguished vertex.

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A339037 Number of unlabeled connected loopless multigraphs with n edges rooted at one oriented edge.

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A339042 Number of unlabeled connected loopless multigraphs with n edges rooted at two noninterchangeable vertices.

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PARI

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A339043 Number of unlabeled connected loopless multigraphs with n edges rooted at two indistinguishable vertices.

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