A091067 -id:A091067 - cp's OEIS frontend

A005940 The Doudna sequence: write n-1 in binary; power of prime(k) in a(n) is # of 1's that are followed by k-1 0's.

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 8, 7, 10, 15, 12, 25, 18, 27, 16, 11, 14, 21, 20, 35, 30, 45, 24, 49, 50, 75, 36, 125, 54, 81, 32, 13, 22, 33, 28, 55, 42, 63, 40, 77, 70, 105, 60, 175, 90, 135, 48, 121, 98, 147, 100, 245, 150, 225, 72, 343, 250, 375, 108, 625, 162, 243, 64, 17, 26, 39

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane and J. H. Conway

A permutation of the natural numbers. - Robert G. Wilson v, Feb 22 2005
Fixed points: A029747. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Aug 23 2006
The even bisection, when halved, gives the sequence back. - Antti Karttunen, Jun 28 2014
From Antti Karttunen, Dec 21 2014: (Start)
This irregular table can be represented as a binary tree. Each child to the left is obtained by applying A003961 to the parent, and each child to the right is obtained by doubling the parent:
                                      1
                                      |
                   ...................2...................
                  3                                       4
        5......../ \........6                   9......../ \........8
       / \                 / \                 / \                 / \
      /   \               /   \               /   \               /   \
     /     \             /     \             /     \             /     \
    7       10         15       12         25       18         27       16
  11 14   21  20     35  30   45  24     49  50   75  36    125  54   81  32
etc.
Sequence A163511 is obtained by scanning the same tree level by level, from right to left. Also in binary trees A253563 and A253565 the terms on level of the tree are some permutation of the terms present on the level n of this tree. A252464(n) gives the distance of n from 1 in all these trees.
A252737(n) gives the sum and A252738(n) the product of terms on row n (where 1 is on row 0, 2 on row 1, 3 and 4 on row 2, etc.). A252745(n) gives the number of nodes on level n whose left child is larger than the right child, A252750 the difference between left and right child for each node from node 2 onward.
(End)
-A008836(a(1+n)) gives the corresponding numerator for A323505(n). - Antti Karttunen, Jan 19 2019
(a(2n+1)-1)/2 [= A244154(n)-1, for n >= 0] is a permutation of the natural numbers. - George Beck and Antti Karttunen, Dec 08 2019
From Peter Munn, Oct 04 2020: (Start)
Each term has the same even part (equivalently, the same 2-adic valuation) as its index.
Using the tree depicted in Antti Karttunen's 2014 comment:
Numbers are on the right branch (4 and descendants) if and only if divisible by the square of their largest prime factor (cf. A070003).
Numbers on the left branch, together with 2, are listed in A102750.
(End)
According to Kutz (1981), he learned of this sequence from American mathematician Byron Leon McAllister (1929-2017) who attributed the invention of the sequence to a graduate student by the name of Doudna (first name Paul?) in the mid-1950's at the University of Wisconsin. - Amiram Eldar, Jun 17 2021
From David James Sycamore, Sep 23 2022: (Start)
Alternative (recursive) definition: If n is a power of 2 then a(n)=n. Otherwise, if 2^j is the greatest power of 2 not exceeding n, and if k = n - 2^j, then a(n) is the least m*a(k) that has not occurred previously, where m is an odd prime.
Example: Use recursion with n = 77 = 2^6 + 13. a(13) = 25 and since 11 is the smallest odd prime m such that m*a(13) has not already occurred (see a(27), a(29),a(45)), then a(77) = 11*25 = 275. (End)
The odd bisection, when transformed by replacing all prime(k)^e in a(2*n - 1) with prime(k-1)^e, returns a(n), and thus gives the sequence back. - David James Sycamore, Sep 28 2022

			From _N. J. A. Sloane_, Aug 22 2022: (Start)
Let c_i = number of 1's in binary expansion of n-1 that have i 0's to their right, and let p(j) = j-th prime.  Then a(n) = Product_i p(i+1)^c_i.
If n=9, n-1 is 1000, c_3 = 1, a(9) = p(4)^1 = 7.
If n=10, n-1 = 1001, c_0 = 1, c_2 = 1, a(10) = p(1)*p(3) = 2*5 = 10.
If n=11, n-1 = 1010, c_1 = 1, c_2 = 1, a(11) = p(2)*p(3) = 15. (End)

N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Antti Karttunen, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..8192 (terms 1..1024 from Reinhard Zumkeller)
Michael De Vlieger, 6 row Doudna Tree diagram as mentioned in Comments.
Michael De Vlieger, Annotated fan-style binary tree showing 10 levels, with a color function where 2^m is shown in medium blue in row m, k < 2^m is darker blue, and k > 2^m is brighter green, with records in each row shown in red.
Ronald E. Kutz, Two unusual sequences, Two-Year College Mathematics Journal, Vol. 12, No. 5 (1981), pp. 316-319.
Index entries for sequences that are permutations of the natural numbers

Cf. A103969. Inverse is A005941 (A156552).
Cf. A125106. [From Franklin T. Adams-Watters, Mar 06 2010]
Cf. A252737 (gives row sums), A252738 (row products), A332979 (largest on row).
Related permutations of positive integers: A163511 (via A054429), A243353 (via A006068), A244154, A253563 (via A122111), A253565, A332977, A334866 (via A225546).
A000120, A003602, A003961, A006519, A053645, A070939, A246278, A250246, A252753, A253552 are used in a formula defining this sequence.
Formulas for f(a(n)) are given for f = A000265, A003963, A007949, A055396, A056239.
Numbers that occur at notable sets of positions in the binary tree representation of the sequence: A000040, A000079, A002110, A070003, A070826, A102750.
Cf. also A000142, A001511, A002450, A112798, A252463, A252464, A252745, A252750, A324054, A324106, A323505, A323508.
Cf. A106737, A290077, A323915, A324052, A324054, A324055, A324056, A324057, A324058, A324114, A324335, A324340, A324348, A324349 for various number-theoretical sequences applied to (i.e., permuted by) this sequence.
k-adic valuation: A007814 (k=2), A337821 (k=3).
Positions of multiples of 3: A091067.
Primorial deflation: A337376 / A337377.
Sum of prime indices of a(n) is A161511, reverse version A359043.
A048793 lists binary indices, ranked by A019565.
A066099 lists standard comps, partial sums A358134 (ranked by A358170).
Cf. A001222, A029837, A059893, A241916, A242628, A253566, A359042.

a005940 n = f (n - 1) 1 1 where
   f 0 y _          = y
   f x y i | m == 0 = f x' y (i + 1)
           | m == 1 = f x' (y * a000040 i) i
           where (x',m) = divMod x 2
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Oct 03 2012
(Scheme, with memoization-macro definec from Antti Karttunen's IntSeq-library)
(define (A005940 n) (A005940off0 (- n 1))) ;; The off=1 version, utilizing any one of three different offset-0 implementations:
(definec (A005940off0 n) (cond ((< n 2) (+ 1 n)) (else (* (A000040 (- (A070939 n) (- (A000120 n) 1))) (A005940off0 (A053645 n))))))
(definec (A005940off0 n) (cond ((<= n 2) (+ 1 n)) ((even? n) (A003961 (A005940off0 (/ n 2)))) (else (* 2 (A005940off0 (/ (- n 1) 2))))))
(define (A005940off0 n) (let loop ((n n) (i 1) (x 1)) (cond ((zero? n) x) ((even? n) (loop (/ n 2) (+ i 1) x)) (else (loop (/ (- n 1) 2) i (* x (A000040 i)))))))
;; Antti Karttunen, Jun 26 2014

f := proc(n,i,x) option remember ; if n = 0 then x; elif type(n,'even') then procname(n/2,i+1,x) ; else procname((n-1)/2,i,x*ithprime(i)) ; end if; end proc:
A005940 := proc(n) f(n-1,1,1) ; end proc: # R. J. Mathar, Mar 06 2010

f[n_] := Block[{p = Partition[ Split[ Join[ IntegerDigits[n - 1, 2], {2}]], 2]}, Times @@ Flatten[ Table[q = Take[p, -i]; Prime[ Count[ Flatten[q], 0] + 1]^q[[1, 1]], {i, Length[p]}] ]]; Table[ f[n], {n, 67}] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Feb 22 2005 *)
Table[Times@@Prime/@(Join@@Position[Reverse[IntegerDigits[n,2]],1]-Range[DigitCount[n,2,1]]+1),{n,0,100}] (* Gus Wiseman, Dec 28 2022 *)

A005940(n) = { my(p=2, t=1); n--; until(!n\=2, n%2 && (t*=p) || p=nextprime(p+1)); t } \\ M. F. Hasler, Mar 07 2010; update Aug 29 2014

a(n)=my(p=2, t=1); for(i=0,exponent(n), if(bittest(n,i), t*=p, p=nextprime(p+1))); t \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Nov 11 2021

from sympy import prime
import math
def A(n): return n - 2**int(math.floor(math.log(n, 2)))
def b(n): return n + 1 if n<2 else prime(1 + (len(bin(n)[2:]) - bin(n)[2:].count("1"))) * b(A(n))
print([b(n - 1) for n in range(1, 101)]) # Indranil Ghosh, Apr 10 2017

from math import prod
from itertools import accumulate
from collections import Counter
from sympy import prime
def A005940(n): return prod(prime(len(a)+1)**b for a, b in Counter(accumulate(bin(n-1)[2:].split('1')[:0:-1])).items()) # Chai Wah Wu, Mar 10 2023

From Reinhard Zumkeller, Aug 23 2006, R. J. Mathar, Mar 06 2010: (Start)
a(n) = f(n-1, 1, 1)
  where f(n, i, x) = x if n = 0,
                   = f(n/2, i+1, x) if n > 0 is even
                   = f((n-1)/2, i, x*prime(i)) otherwise. (End)
From Antti Karttunen, Jun 26 2014: (Start)
Define a starting-offset 0 version of this sequence as:
  b(0)=1, b(1)=2, [base cases]
and then compute the rest either with recurrence:
  b(n) = A000040(1+(A070939(n)-A000120(n))) * b(A053645(n)).
or
  b(2n) = A003961(b(n)), b(2n+1) = 2 * b(n). [Compare this to the similar recurrence given for A163511.]
Then define a(n) = b(n-1), where a(n) gives this sequence A005940 with the starting offset 1.
Can be also defined as a composition of related permutations:
a(n+1) = A243353(A006068(n)).
a(n+1) = A163511(A054429(n)). [Compare the scatter plots of this sequence and A163511 to each other.]
This permutation also maps between the partitions as enumerated in the lists A125106 and A112798, providing identities between:
A161511(n) = A056239(a(n+1)). [The corresponding sums ...]
A243499(n) = A003963(a(n+1)). [... and the products of parts of those partitions.]
(End)
From Antti Karttunen, Dec 21 2014  - Jan 04 2015: (Start)
A002110(n) =  a(1+A002450(n)). [Primorials occur at (4^n - 1)/3 in the offset-0 version of the sequence.]
a(n) = A250246(A252753(n-1)).
a(n) = A122111(A253563(n-1)).
For n >= 1, A055396(a(n+1)) = A001511(n).
For n >= 2, a(n) = A246278(1+A253552(n)).
(End)
From Peter Munn, Oct 04 2020: (Start)
A000265(a(n)) = a(A000265(n)) = A003961(a(A003602(n))).
A006519(a(n)) = a(A006519(n)) = A006519(n).
a(n) = A003961(a(A003602(n))) * A006519(n).
A007814(a(n)) = A007814(n).
A007949(a(n)) = A337821(n) = A007814(A003602(n)).
a(n) = A225546(A334866(n-1)).
(End)
a(2n) = 2*a(n), or generally a(2^k*n) = 2^k*a(n). - Amiram Eldar, Oct 03 2022
If n-1 = Sum_{i} 2^(q_i-1), then a(n) = Product_{i} prime(q_i-i+1). These are the Heinz numbers of the rows of A125106. If the offset is changed to 0, the inverse is A156552. - Gus Wiseman, Dec 28 2022

More terms from Robert G. Wilson v, Feb 22 2005
Sign in a formula switched and Maple program added by R. J. Mathar, Mar 06 2010
Binary tree illustration and keyword tabf added by Antti Karttunen, Dec 21 2014

A028983 Numbers whose sum of divisors is even.

Original entry on oeis.org

3, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 33, 34, 35, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 82

Offset: 1

Patrick De Geest

The even terms of this sequence are the even terms appearing in A178910. [Edited by M. F. Hasler, Oct 02 2014]
A071324(a(n)) is even. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Jul 03 2008
Sigma(a(n)) = A000203(a(n)) = A152678(n). - Jaroslav Krizek, Oct 06 2009
A083207 is a subsequence. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Jul 19 2010
Numbers k such that the number of odd divisors of k (A001227) is even. - Omar E. Pol, Apr 04 2016
Numbers k such that the sum of odd divisors of k (A000593) is even. - Omar E. Pol, Jul 05 2016
Numbers with a squarefree part greater than 2. - Peter Munn, Apr 26 2020
Equivalently, numbers whose odd part is nonsquare. Compare with the numbers whose square part is even (i.e., nonodd): these are the positive multiples of 4, A008586\{0}, and A225546 provides a self-inverse bijection between the two sets. - Peter Munn, Jul 19 2020
Also numbers whose reversed prime indices have alternating product > 1, where we define the alternating product of a sequence (y_1,...,y_k) to be Product_i y_i^((-1)^(i-1)). Also Heinz numbers of the partitions counted by A347448. - Gus Wiseman, Oct 29 2021
Numbers whose number of middle divisors is not odd (cf. A067742). - Omar E. Pol, Aug 02 2022

T. D. Noe, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..1000

The complement is A028982 = A000290 U A001105.
Cf. A000203, A000593, A001227, A007913, A178910, A152678, A067742.
Subsequences: A083207, A091067, A145204\{0}, A225838, A225858.
Cf. A334748 (a permutation).
Related to A008586 via A225546.
Ranks the partitions counted by A347448, complement A119620.
Cf. A030059, A335433, A335448, A339890, A344607, A347438, A347443, A347445, A347446, A347452, A347453, A347465.

Select[Range[82],EvenQ[DivisorSigma[1,#]]&] (* Jayanta Basu, Jun 05 2013 *)

is(n)=!issquare(n)&&!issquare(n/2) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Jan 11 2013

from math import isqrt
def A028983(n):
    def f(x): return n-1+isqrt(x)+isqrt(x>>1)
    kmin, kmax = 1,2
    while f(kmax) >= kmax:
        kmax <<= 1
    while True:
        kmid = kmax+kmin>>1
        if f(kmid) < kmid:
            kmax = kmid
        else:
            kmin = kmid
        if kmax-kmin <= 1:
            break
    return kmax # Chai Wah Wu, Aug 22 2024

a(n) ~ n. - Charles R Greathouse IV, Jan 11 2013
a(n) = n + (1 + sqrt(2)/2)*sqrt(n) + O(1). - Charles R Greathouse IV, Sep 01 2015
A007913(a(n)) > 2. - Peter Munn, May 05 2020

A034947 Jacobi (or Kronecker) symbol (-1/n).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane

Also the regular paper-folding sequence.
For a proof that a(n) equals the paper-folding sequence, see Allouche and Sondow, arXiv v4. - Jean-Paul Allouche and Jonathan Sondow, May 19 2015
It appears that, replacing +1 with 0 and -1 with 1, we obtain A038189. Alternatively, replacing -1 with 0 we obtain (allowing for offset) A014577. - Jeremy Gardiner, Nov 08 2004
Partial sums = A005811 starting (1, 2, 1, 2, 3, 2, 1, 2, 3, ...). - Gary W. Adamson, Jul 23 2008
The congruence in {-1,1} of the odd part of n modulo 4 (Cf. A099545). - Peter Munn, Jul 09 2022

			G.f. = x + x^2 - x^3 + x^4 + x^5 - x^6 - x^7 + x^8 + x^9 + x^10 - x^11 - x^12 + ...

J.-P. Allouche and J. Shallit, Automatic Sequences, Cambridge Univ. Press, 2003, pp. 155, 182.
H. Cohen, Course in Computational Number Theory, p. 28.

N. J. A. Sloane, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
J.-P. Allouche, G.-N. Han, and Jeffrey Shallit, On some conjectures of P. Barry, arXiv:2006.08909 [math.NT], 2020.
J.-P. Allouche and Jonathan Sondow, Summation of rational series twisted by strongly B-multiplicative coefficients, Electron. J. Combin., 22 #1 (2015) P1.59; see p. 8.
J.-P. Allouche and Jonathan Sondow, Summation of rational series twisted by strongly B-multiplicative coefficients, arXiv:1408.5770 [math.NT] v4, 2015; see p. 9.
Jean-Paul Allouche and Leo Goldmakher, Mock characters and the Kronecker symbol, arXiv:1608.03957 [math.NT], 2016.
L. Almodovar, V. H. Moll, H. Quand, Infinite products arising in paperfolding, JIS 19 (2016) # 16.5.1 eq. (1)
Joerg Arndt, Matters Computational (The Fxtbook), section 38.8.4 Differences of the sum of Gray code digits, coefficients of polynomials L.
Danielle Cox and K. McLellan, A problem on generation sets containing Fibonacci numbers, Fib. Quart., 55 (No. 2, 2017), 105-113.
Chandler Davis and Donald E. Knuth, Number Representations and Dragon Curves -- I and II, Journal of Recreational Mathematics, volume 3, number 2, April 1970, pages 66-81, and number 3, July 1970, pages 133-149. Reprinted with addendum in Donald E. Knuth, Selected Papers on Fun and Games, CSLI Publications, 2010, pages 571-614. a(n) = d(n) at equation 3.1.
Chandler Davis and Donald E. Knuth, Number Representations and Dragon Curves, Journal of Recreational Mathematics, volume 3, number 2, April 1970, pages 66-81, and number 3, July 1970, pages 133-149. [Cached copy, with permission]
A. Iványi, Leader election in synchronous networks, Acta Univ. Sapientiae, Mathematica, 5, 2 (2013) 54-82.
Jeffrey Shallit, Cloitre's Self-Generating Sequence, arXiv:2501.00784 [math.CO], 2025. See page 4.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Kronecker Symbol.
Index entries for sequences obtained by enumerating foldings.

Cf. A000265, A005811, A000364, A008836, A065339, A097706, A099545, A209615.
Moebius transform of A035184.
Cf. A091072 (indices of 1), A091067 (indices of -1), A371594 (indices of run starts).
The following are all essentially the same sequence: A014577, A014707, A014709, A014710, A034947, A038189, A082410. - N. J. A. Sloane, Jul 27 2012

[KroneckerSymbol(-1,n): n in [1..100]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Aug 16 2016

with(numtheory): A034947 := n->jacobi(-1,n);

Table[KroneckerSymbol[ -1, n], {n, 0, 100}] (* Corrected by Jean-François Alcover, Dec 04 2013 *)

PARI
```
{a(n) = kronecker(-1, n)};
```

for(n=1, 81, f=factor(n); print1((-1)^sum(s=1, omega(n), f[s, 2]*(Mod(f[s, 1], 4)==3)), ", ")); \\ Arkadiusz Wesolowski, Nov 05 2013

a(n)=direuler(p=1,n,if(p==2,1/(1-kronecker(-4, p)*X)/(1-X),1/(1-kronecker(-4, p)*X))) /* Ralf Stephan, Mar 27 2015 */

a(n) = if(n%2==0, a(n/2), (n+2)%4-2) \\ Peter Munn, Jul 09 2022

def A034947(n):
    s = bin(n)[2:]
    m = len(s)
    i = s[::-1].find('1')
    return 1-2*int(s[m-i-2]) if m-i-2 >= 0 else 1 # Chai Wah Wu, Apr 08 2021

def A034947(n): return -1 if n>>(-n&n).bit_length()&1 else 1 # Chai Wah Wu, Feb 26 2025

Multiplicative with a(2^e) = 1, a(p^e) = (-1)^(e*(p-1)/2) if p>2.
a(2*n) = a(n), a(4*n+1) = 1, a(4*n+3) = -1, a(-n) = -a(n). a(n) = 2*A014577(n-1)-1.
a(prime(n)) = A070750(n) for n > 1. - T. D. Noe, Nov 08 2004
This sequence can be constructed by starting with w = "empty string", and repeatedly applying the map w -> w 1 reverse(-w) [See Allouche and Shallit p. 182]. - N. J. A. Sloane, Jul 27 2012
a(n) = (-1)^A065339(n) = lambda(A097706(n)), where A065339(n) is number of primes of the form 4*m + 3 dividing n (counted with multiplicity) and lambda is Liouville's function, A008836. - Arkadiusz Wesolowski, Nov 05 2013 and Peter Munn, Jun 22 2022
Sum_{n>=1} a(n)/n = Pi/2, due to F. von Haeseler; more generally, Sum_{n>=1} a(n)/n^(2*d+1) = Pi^(2*d+1)*A000364(d)/(2^(2*d+2)-2)(2*d)! for d >= 0; see Allouche and Sondow, 2015. - Jean-Paul Allouche and Jonathan Sondow, Mar 20 2015
Dirichlet g.f.: beta(s)/(1-2^(-s)) = L(chi_2(4),s)/(1-2^(-s)). - Ralf Stephan, Mar 27 2015
a(n) = A209615(n) * (-1)^(v2(n)), where v2(n) = A007814(n) is the 2-adic valuation of n. - Jianing Song, Apr 24 2021
a(n) = 2 - A099545(n) == A000265(n) (mod 4). - Peter Munn, Jun 22 2022 and Jul 09 2022

A014707 a(4n) = 0, a(4n+2) = 1, a(2n+1) = a(n).

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane

The regular paper-folding (or dragon curve) sequence.
It appears that the sequence of run lengths is A088431. - Dimitri Hendriks, May 06 2010
Runs of three consecutive ones appear around positions n = 22, 46, 54, 86, 94, 118, 150, 174, 182, ..., or for n of the form 2^(k+3)*(4*t+3)-2, k >= 0, t >= 0. - Vladimir Shevelev, Mar 19 2011

Guy Melançon, Factorizing infinite words using Maple, MapleTech journal, Vol. 4, No. 1, 1997, pp. 34-42, esp. p. 36.

Reinhard Zumkeller, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..10000
Jean-Paul Allouche, Anna Lubiw, Michel France, Alfred van der Poorten, and Jeffrey Shallit, Convergents of folded continued fractions, Acta Arithmetica 77 (1996), 77-96.
Cristina Ballantine and George Beck, Partitions enumerated by self-similar sequences, arXiv:2303.11493 [math.CO], 2023.
Paul Barry, On the Gap-sum and Gap-product Sequences of Integer Sequences, arXiv:2104.05593 [math.CO], 2021.
Jörg Endrullis, Dimitri Hendriks, and Jan Willem Klop, Degrees of streams, see table 1 "PF".
Jui-Yi Kao, Narad Rampersad, Jeffrey Shallit, and Manuel Silva, Words avoiding repetitions in arithmetic progressions, Theoretical Computer Science, Vol. 391, No. 1-2 (2008), pp. 126-137; arXiv preprint, arXiv:math/0608607 [math.CO], 2006.
Guy Melançon, Lyndon factorization of infinite words, STACS 96 (Grenoble, 1996), 147-154, Lecture Notes in Comput. Sci., 1046, Springer, Berlin, 1996. Math. Rev. 98h:68188.
Jeffrey Shallit, Cloitre's Self-Generating Sequence, arXiv:2501.00784 [math.CO], 2025.
László Tóth, Evaluating zeta(s) At Odd Positive Integers Using Automatic Dirichlet Series, arXiv:2508.04151 [math.NT], 2025.
Index entries for sequences obtained by enumerating foldings.

Equals 1 - A014577, which see for further references. Also a(n) = A038189(n+1).
The following are all essentially the same sequence: A014577, A014707, A014709, A014710, A034947, A038189, A082410.
Cf. A220466

a014707 n = a014707_list !! n
a014707_list = f 0 $ cycle [0,0,1,0] where
   f i (x:_:xs) = x : a014707 i : f (i+1) xs
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Sep 28 2011

nmax:=92: for p from 0 to ceil(simplify(log[2](nmax))) do for n from 0 to ceil(nmax/(p+2))+1 do a((2*n+1)*2^p-1) := n mod 2 od: od: seq(a(n), n=0..nmax); # Johannes W. Meijer, Jan 28 2013
# second Maple program:
a:= proc(n) option remember;
     `if`(n::even, irem(n/2, 2), a((n-1)/2))
    end:
seq(a(n), n=0..92);  # Alois P. Heinz, Jun 27 2022

a[n_ /; Mod[n, 4] == 0] = 0; a[n_ /; Mod[n, 4] == 2] = 1; a[n_ /; Mod[n, 2] == 1] := a[n] = a[(n - 1)/2]; Table[a[n],{n,0,92}] (* Jean-François Alcover, May 17 2011 *)
(1 - JacobiSymbol[-1, Range[100]])/2 (* Paolo Xausa, May 26 2024 *)

a(n)=n+=1;my(h=bitand(n,-n));n=bitand(n,h<<1);n!=0; \\ Joerg Arndt, Apr 09 2021

def A014707(n):
    s = bin(n+1)[2:]
    m = len(s)
    i = s[::-1].find('1')
    return int(s[m-i-2]) if m-i-2 >= 0 else 0 # Chai Wah Wu, Apr 08 2021

def A014707(n): n+=1; h=n&-n; n=n&(h<<1); return int(n!=0)
print([A014707(n) for n in range(93)]) # Michael S. Branicky, Mar 29 2024 after Joerg Arndt

a(A091072(n)-1) = 0; a(A091067(n)-1) = 1. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Sep 28 2011 [Adjusted to match offset by Peter Munn, Jul 01 2022]
a(n) = (1-Jacobi(-1,n+1))/2 (cf. A034947). - N. J. A. Sloane, Jul 27 2012 [Adjusted to match offset by Peter Munn, Jul 01 2022]
Set a=0, b=1, S(0)=a, S(n+1) = S(n)aF(S(n)), where F(x) reverses x and then interchanges a and b; sequence is limit S(infinity).
a((2*n+1)*2^p-1) = n mod 2, p >= 0. - Johannes W. Meijer, Jan 28 2013
Asymptotic mean: Limit_{m->oo} (1/m) * Sum_{k=1..m} a(k) = 1/2. - Amiram Eldar, Aug 31 2024

More terms from Scott C. Lindhurst (ScottL(AT)alumni.princeton.edu)

A091072 Positive numbers k such that the Kronecker Symbol (-1 / k) > 0.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 13, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21, 25, 26, 29, 32, 33, 34, 36, 37, 40, 41, 42, 45, 49, 50, 52, 53, 57, 58, 61, 64, 65, 66, 68, 69, 72, 73, 74, 77, 80, 81, 82, 84, 85, 89, 90, 93, 97, 98, 100, 101, 104, 105, 106, 109, 113, 114, 116, 117, 121, 122, 125, 128, 129

Offset: 1

Ralf Stephan, Feb 22 2004

Numbers whose odd part is of the form 4k+1. The bit to the left of the least significant bit of each term is unset. Either of form 2a(m) or 4k+1, k >= 0, 0 < m < n.
A000265(a(n)) is an element of A016813.
a(n) such that A038189(a(n)) = 0.
Numbers n such that kronecker(n, m) = kronecker(m, n) for all m. - Michael Somos, Sep 24 2005
The Dragon curve A014577 (but changing the offset to 1): (1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, ...) = the characteristic function of A091072. - Gary W. Adamson, Apr 11 2010
Also indices of 1 in A034947. - Jianing Song, Apr 24 2021
The terms in the sequence are the same as the terms in the odd columns of the table in A135764 with headings 4k+1: (1, 5, 9, 13...).  A014577(n) = 1 if n is in that set, but A014577(n) = 0 if n is in the set of even columns in the A135764 table. - Gary W. Adamson, May 29 2021
The asymptotic density of this sequence is 1/2. - Amiram Eldar, Sep 14 2024

			x + 2*x^2 + 4*x^3 + 5*x^4 + 8*x^5 + 9*x^6 + 10*x^7 + 13*x^8 + 16*x^9 + ...

Reinhard Zumkeller, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
J.-P. Allouche, G.-N. Han and J. Shallit, On some conjectures of P. Barry, arXiv:2006.08909 [math.NT], 2020.
Paul Barry, Some observations on the Rueppel sequence and associated Hankel determinants, arXiv:2005.04066 [math.CO], 2020.
Kevin Ryde, Iterations of the Dragon Curve, see index TurnLeft, with a(n) = TurnLeft(n-1).
J. E. S. Socolar and J. M. Taylor, An aperiodic hexagonal tile, arXiv:1003.4279 [math.CO], 2010.

Complement of A091067.

Cf. A000265, A014577 (characteristic function), A014707, A016813, A034947, A055975, A106841 (first of triplet), A088742 (first differences), A339597.

import Data.List (elemIndices)
a091072 n = a091072_list !! (n-1)
a091072_list = map (+ 1) $ elemIndices 0 a014707_list
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Sep 28 2011

KS := (n, k) -> NumberTheory:-KroneckerSymbol(n, k):
aList := upto -> select(n -> 0 < KS(-1, n), [seq(1..upto)]):
aList(129);  # Peter Luschny, Mar 20 2025

Select[ Range[129], EvenQ[ (#/2^IntegerExponent[#, 2] - 1)/2 ] & ] (* Jean-François Alcover, Feb 16 2012, after Pari *)

for(n=1,200,if(((n/2^valuation(n,2)-1)/2)%2==0,print1(n",")))

{a(n) = local(m, c); if( n<1, 0, c=1; m=1; while( cMichael Somos, Sep 24 2005 */

a(n) = if(n=2*n-2, my(t=1); forstep(i=logint(n,2),0,-1, if(bittest(n,i)==t, n--;t=!t))); n+1; \\ Kevin Ryde, Mar 21 2021

isok(k) = kronecker(-1, k) > 0; \\ Michel Marcus, Mar 20 2025

A014707(a(n) + 1) = 0. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Sep 28 2011

A055975(a(n)) > 0. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Apr 28 2012

New name from Peter Luschny, Mar 20 2025

A038189 Bit to left of least significant 1-bit in binary expansion of n.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1

Offset: 0

Fred Lunnon, Dec 11 1999

Characteristic function of A091067.
Image, under the coding i -> floor(i/2), of the fixed point, starting with 0, of the morphism 0 -> 01, 1 -> 02, 2 -> 32, 3 -> 31. - Jeffrey Shallit, May 15 2016
Restricted to the positive integers, completely additive modulo 2. - Peter Munn, Jun 20 2022
If a(n) is defined as 1-a(-n) for all n<0, then a(n) = a(2*n), a(4*n+1) = 0, a(4*n+3) = 1 for all n in Z. - Michael Somos, Oct 05 2024

			a(6) = 1 since 6 = 110 and bit before rightmost 1 is a 1.

Jean-Paul Allouche and Jeffrey O. Shallit, Automatic sequences, Cambridge, 2003, sect. 5.1.6

Ivan Panchenko, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..10000
Michael Gilleland, Some Self-Similar Integer Sequences
Index entries for characteristic functions
Index entries for sequences related to binary expansion of n
Index entries for sequences obtained by enumerating foldings

Cf. A038190, A065339.
A014707(n)=a(n+1). A014577(n)=1-a(n+1).
The following are all essentially the same sequence: A014577, A014707, A014709, A014710, A034947, A038189, A082410. - N. J. A. Sloane, Jul 27 2012
Related sequences A301848, A301849, A301850. - Fred Lunnon, Mar 27 2018

int a(int n) { return (n & ((n&-n)<<1)) ? 1 : 0; } /* from Russ Cox */

function a (n)
  if n eq 0 then return 0; // alternatively,  return 1;
  else while IsEven(n) do n := n div 2; end while; end if;
  return n div 2 mod 2; end function;
  nlo := 0; nhi := 32;
  [a(n) : n in [nlo..nhi] ]; //  Fred Lunnon, Mar 27 2018

A038189 := proc(n)
    option remember;
    if n = 0 then
        0 ;
    elif type(n,'even') then
        procname(n/2) ;
    elif modp(n,4) = 1 then
        0 ;
    else
        1 ;
    end if;
end proc:
seq(A038189(n),n=0..100) ; # R. J. Mathar, Mar 30 2018

f[n_] := Block[{id2 = Join[{0}, IntegerDigits[n, 2]]}, While[ id2[[-1]] == 0, id2 = Most@ id2]; id2[[-2]]]; f[0] = 0; Array[f, 105, 0] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Apr 14 2009 and fixed Feb 27 2014 *)
f[n_] := f[n] = Switch[Mod[n, 4], 0, f[n/2], 1, 0, 2, f[n/2], 3, 1]; f[0] = 0; Array[f, 105, 0] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Apr 14 2009, fixed Feb 27 2014 *)
a[ n_] := If[n==0, 0, Mod[(n/2^IntegerExponent[n, 2]-1)/2, 2]]; (* Michael Somos, Oct 05 2024 *)

{a(n) = if(n==0, 0, ((n/2^valuation(n,2)-1)/2)%2)}; /* Michael Somos, Sep 22 2005 */

a(n) = if(n<3, 0, prod(m=1,n, kronecker(-n,m)==kronecker(m,n))) /* Michael Somos, Sep 22 2005 */

A038189(n)=bittest(n,valuation(n,2)+1) \\ M. F. Hasler, Aug 06 2015

a(n)=my(h=bitand(n,-n));n=bitand(n,h<<1);n!=0; \\ Joerg Arndt, Apr 09 2021

def A038189(n):
    s = bin(n)[2:]
    m = len(s)
    i = s[::-1].find('1')
    return int(s[m-i-2]) if m-i-2 >= 0 else 0 # Chai Wah Wu, Apr 08 2021

def a(n): return 1 if (n & ((n&-n)<<1)) else 0
print([a(n) for n in range(108)]) # Michael S. Branicky, Feb 06 2025 after Russ Cox

a(0) = 0, a(2*n) = a(n) for n>0, a(4*n+1) = 0, a(4*n+3) = 1.
G.f.: Sum_{k>=0} t^3/(1-t^4), where t=x^2^k. Parity of A025480. For n >= 1, a(n) = 1/2 * (1 - (-1)^A025480(n-1)). - Ralf Stephan, Jan 04 2004 [index adjusted by Peter Munn, Jun 22 2022]
a(n) = 1 if Kronecker(-n,m)=Kronecker(m,n) for all m, otherwise a(n)=0. - Michael Somos, Sep 22 2005
a(n) = 1 iff A164677(n) < 0. - M. F. Hasler, Aug 06 2015
For n >= 1, a(n) = A065339(n) mod 2. - Peter Munn, Jun 20 2022
From A.H.M. Smeets, Mar 08 2023: (Start)
a(n+1) = 1 - A014577(n) for n >= 0.
a(n+1) = 2 - A014710(n) for n >= 0.
a(n) = (1 - A034947(n))/2 for n > 0. (End)
Asymptotic mean: Limit_{m->oo} (1/m) * Sum_{k=1..m} a(k) = 1/2. - Amiram Eldar, Aug 30 2024

More terms from David W. Wilson

Definition corrected by Russ Cox and Ralf Stephan, Nov 08 2004

A236840 n minus number of runs in the binary expansion of n: a(n) = n - A005811(n).

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 0, 2, 2, 2, 4, 6, 6, 6, 6, 8, 10, 10, 12, 14, 14, 14, 14, 16, 16, 16, 18, 20, 22, 22, 22, 24, 26, 26, 28, 30, 30, 30, 30, 32, 32, 32, 34, 36, 36, 36, 36, 38, 40, 40, 42, 44, 46, 46, 46, 48, 48, 48, 50, 52, 54, 54, 54, 56, 58, 58, 60, 62, 62, 62, 62, 64, 64, 64

Offset: 0

Antti Karttunen, Apr 18 2014

All terms are even. Used by the "number-of-runs beanstalk" sequence A255056 and many of its associated sequences.

Antti Karttunen, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..8192

Cf. A091067 (the positions of records), A106836 (run lengths).
Cf. A255070 (terms divided by 2).
Cf. A005811, A000120, A003188.
Cf. A255056, A255066, A255061, A255062, A255071, A255072, A255058, A255327.
Other subtracting maps: A011371, A178503, A219641, A219651, A227190, A227191, A237449, A244320, A244234, A255131.

A236840 := proc(n) local i, b; if n=0 then 0 else b := convert(n, base, 2); select(i -> (b[i-1]<>b[i]), [$2..nops(b)]); n-1-nops(%) fi end: seq(A236840(i), i=0..69); # Peter Luschny, Apr 19 2014

a[n_] := n - Length@ Split[IntegerDigits[n, 2]]; a[0] = 0; Array[a, 100, 0] (* Amiram Eldar, Jul 16 2023 *)

Scheme
```
(define (A236840 n)  (- n (A005811 n)))
```

a(n) = n - A005811(n) = n - A000120(A003188(n)).

a(n) = 2*A255070(n).

A002516 Earliest sequence with a(a(n)) = 2n.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 3, 6, 2, 12, 7, 4, 10, 24, 11, 14, 18, 8, 15, 20, 26, 48, 19, 22, 34, 28, 23, 36, 42, 16, 27, 30, 50, 40, 31, 52, 58, 96, 35, 38, 66, 44, 39, 68, 74, 56, 43, 46, 82, 72, 47, 84, 90, 32, 51, 54, 98, 60, 55, 100, 106, 80, 59, 62, 114, 104, 63, 116, 122, 192, 67, 70, 130

Offset: 0

Colin Mallows

T. D. Noe, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1000
Ralf Stephan, Some divide-and-conquer sequences ...
Ralf Stephan, Table of generating functions
Index entries for sequences of the a(a(n)) = 2n family

Cf. A002517, A004767, A007379, A017089, A091067.

import Data.List (transpose)
a002516 n = a002516_list !! n
a002516_list = 0 : concat (transpose
[a004767_list, f a002516_list, a017089_list, g $ drop 2 a002516_list])
where f [z] = []; f (_:z:zs) = 2 * z : f zs
g [z] = [z]; g (z:_:zs) = 2 * z : g zs
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Jun 08 2015

a[0] = 0; a[n_ /; Mod[n, 2] == 0] := a[n] = 2*a[n/2]; a[n_ /; Mod[n, 4] == 1] := n+2; a[n_ /; Mod[n, 4] == 3] := 2(n-2); Table[a[n], {n, 0, 67}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Feb 06 2012, after Henry Bottomley *)

v2(n)=valuation(n,2)
a(n)=2^v2(n)*(-1+3/2*n/2^v2(n)-(-3+1/2*n/2^v2(n))*(-1)^((n/2^v2(n)-1)/2))

a(n)=local(t); if(n<1,0,if(n%2==0,2*a(n/2),t=(n-1)/2; 3*t+1/2-(t-5/2)*(-1)^t)) \\ Ralf Stephan, Feb 22 2004

a(4n) = 2*(a(2n)), a(4n+1) = 4n+3, a(4n+2) = 2*(a(2n+1)), a(4n+3) = 8n+2. - Henry Bottomley, Apr 27 2000
From Ralf Stephan, Feb 22 2004: (Start)
a(n) = n + 2*A006519(n) if odd part of n is of form 4k+1, or 2n - 4*A006519(n) otherwise.
a(2n) = 2*a(n), a(2n+1) = 2n + 3 + (2n - 5)*[n mod 2].
G.f.: Sum_{k>=0} 2^k*t(6t^6 + t^4 + 2t^2 + 3)/(1 - t^4)^2, t = x^2^k. (End)

cp's OEIS Frontend

A106836 First differences of A060833 and (from a(2) onward) also of A091067 and A255068.

Views

Author

Keywords

Comments

Links

Crossrefs

Programs

Scheme

Formula

Extensions

A005940 The Doudna sequence: write n-1 in binary; power of prime(k) in a(n) is # of 1's that are followed by k-1 0's.

Views

Author

Keywords

Comments

Examples

References

Links

Crossrefs

Programs

Haskell

Maple

Mathematica

PARI

PARI

Python

Python

Formula

Extensions

A028983 Numbers whose sum of divisors is even.

Views

Author

Keywords

Comments

Links

Crossrefs

Programs

Mathematica

PARI

Python

Formula

A034947 Jacobi (or Kronecker) symbol (-1/n).

Views

Author

Keywords

Comments

Examples

References

Links

Crossrefs

Programs

Magma

Maple

Mathematica

PARI

PARI

PARI

PARI

Python

Python

Formula

A014707 a(4n) = 0, a(4n+2) = 1, a(2n+1) = a(n).

Views

Author

Keywords

Comments

References

Links

Crossrefs

Programs

Haskell

Maple

Mathematica

PARI

Python

Python

Formula

Extensions