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Numbers k such that A348990(k) [= k/gcd(k, A003961(k))] is equal to A348992(k), which is the odd part of A349162(k), thus all terms must be odd, as A348990 preserves the parity of its argument.

Equally, numbers k for which gcd(A064987(k), A191002(k)) is equal to A000265(gcd(A064987(k), A341529(k))).

Also odd numbers k for which A348993(k) = A319627(k).

Odd terms of A336702 are given by the intersection of this sequence and A349174.

Conjectures:

(1) After 1, all terms are multiples of 3. (Why?)

(2) After 1, all terms are in A104210, in other words, for all n > 1, gcd(a(n), A003961(a(n))) > 1. Note that if we encountered a term k with gcd(k, A003961(k)) = 1, then we would have discovered an odd multiperfect number.

(3) Apart from 1, 15, 105, 3003, 13923, 264537, all other terms are abundant. [These apparently are also the only terms that are not Zumkeller, A083207. Note added Dec 05 2024]

(4) After 1, all terms are in A248150. (Cf. also A386430).

(5) After 1, all terms are in A348748.

(6) Apart from 1, there are no common terms with A349753.

Note: If any of the last four conjectures could be proved, it would refute the existence of odd perfect numbers at once. Note that it seems that gcd(sigma(k), A003961(k)) < k, for all k except these four: 1, 2, 20, 160.

Questions:

(1) For any term x here, can 2*x be in A349745? (Partial answer: at least x should be in A191218 and should not be a multiple of 3). Would this then imply that x is an odd perfect number? (Which could explain the points (1) and (4) in above, assuming the nonexistence of opn's).

If 2^p-1 is a prime (Mersenne prime) greater than 3 then 2^(p-2)*(2^p-1) is in the sequence. So for n>1, 2^(A000043(n)-2)*(2^A000043(n)-1) is in the sequence. - Farideh Firoozbakht, Feb 23 2005

Theorem: If m>0, k is an integer and p=2^(m+2)+k-1 is a prime number then n=2^m*p is a solution to the equation sigma(x) = 4*phi(x)-k. The previous comment is the special case k=0. - Farideh Firoozbakht, Oct 01 2014

Numbers k for which k * A342671(k) = A000203(k) * A322361(k).

Numbers k such that gcd(A064987(k), A191002(k)) = gcd(A064987(k), A341529(k)).

Obviously, all odd terms in this sequence must be squares.

All the terms k of A005820 that satisfy A007949(k) < A007814(k) [i.e., whose 3-adic valuation is strictly less than their 2-adic valuation] are also terms of this sequence. Incidentally, the first six known terms of A005820 satisfy this condition, while on the other hand, any hypothetical odd 3-perfect number would be excluded from this sequence. Also, as a corollary, any hypothetical 3-perfect numbers of the form 4u+2 must not be multiples of 3 if they are to appear here. Similarly for any k which occurs in A349169, for 2*k to occur in this sequence, it shouldn't be a multiple of 3 and k should also be a term of A191218. See question 2 and its partial answer in A349169.

From Antti Karttunen, Feb 13-20 2022: (Start)

Question: Are all terms/2 (A351548) abundant, from n > 1 onward?

Note that of the 65 known 5-multiperfect numbers, all others except these three 1245087725796543283200, 1940351499647188992000, 4010059765937523916800 are also included in this sequence. The three exceptions are distinguished by the fact that their 3 and 5-adic valuations are equal. In 62 others the former is larger.

If k satisfying the condition were of the form 4u+2, then it should be one of the terms of A191218 doubled as only then both k and sigma(k) are of the form 4u+2, with equal 2-adic valuations for both. More precisely, one of the terms of A351538.

(End)

An odd abundant number (A005231) not divisible by 3 must have at least 7 distinct prime factors (e.g., 5^4*7^2*11^2*13*17*19*23) and be >= 5*29#/3# = 5^2*7*11*13*17*19*23*29 = 5391411025 = A047802(2) = a(1). This is most easily seen by writing the relative abundancy A(N) = sigma(N)/2N = sigma[-1](N) as A(Product p_i^e_i) = (1/2)*Product (p_i-1/p_i^e_i)/(p_i-1) < (1/2)*Product p_i/(p_i-1). See A064001 for odd abundant numbers not divisible by 5. - M. F. Hasler, Jul 27 2016

This is not a subsequence of A248150. For example, 81324229811825 and 37182145^2 = 1382511906801025 are terms, with sigma(.) == 2 (mod 4) and sigma(.) == 3 (mod 4) respectively. - Amiram Eldar, Aug 24 2020

The complement of A248150; contains in particular A028982, the squares and twice the squares, for which sigma is odd.

The terms cannot have more than one odd prime factor to an odd power. Therefore this set has asymptotic density zero. The sequence grows faster than .75 n log(n). In particular: a(10) = 17, a(100) = 298, a(10^3) = 4724, a(10^4) = 66533, a(10^5) = 872434, a(10^6) = 10819205. - M. F. Hasler, Apr 26 2017

See the subsequence A274685 of odd terms for a remark on frequent pairs of the form (30k-3, 30k-1).

If m is in the sequence and gcd(k,m)=1, then k*m is also in the sequence. One might call "primitive" those terms which are not of this form, i.e., not a "coprime" multiple of an earlier term. The primitive terms are the primes and powers of primes within the sequence, cf. below.

Integers m > 0 where an integer k exists such that A000203(m) = A008587(k). - Felix Fröhlich, Jul 02 2016

For any prime p <> 5 there is an exponent k in {1, 3, 4} (depending on whether p is in A030433, A003631 or A030430) such that p^k is in this sequence. Given these p^k, the sequence consists of all numbers of the form n*p^(q*(k+1)-1) where n is coprime to p and q >= 1. Otherwise said, all numbers m which have some prime factor p with multiplicity q*(k+1)-1, where k = k(p) in {1, 3, 4} as introduced before. - M. F. Hasler, Jul 10 2016

The sequence is of asymptotic density one, a(n) ~ n.

Conjecture: After the initial 1, and apart from any hypothetical odd perfect numbers, all other terms are in A248150, i.e., sigma(k) == 0 (mod 4). This would imply (with the same caveat), that this sequence has no common terms with A228058 and no squares larger than one. This is true at least for the first 709203 terms (terms in range [1..2^34]).

Terms k such that A162642(k) = 1 are rare: 3, 7, 27, 31, 127, 567, 775, 8191, 27783, 131071, 524287, 2147483647, ... (odd terms of A387160).

Numbers m such that sigma(m) == 0 mod 4 and phi(m) == 2 mod 4.