A255241 -id:A255241 - cp's OEIS frontend

A160389 Decimal expansion of 2*cos(Pi/7).

1, 8, 0, 1, 9, 3, 7, 7, 3, 5, 8, 0, 4, 8, 3, 8, 2, 5, 2, 4, 7, 2, 2, 0, 4, 6, 3, 9, 0, 1, 4, 8, 9, 0, 1, 0, 2, 3, 3, 1, 8, 3, 8, 3, 2, 4, 2, 6, 3, 7, 1, 4, 3, 0, 0, 1, 0, 7, 1, 2, 4, 8, 4, 6, 3, 9, 8, 8, 6, 4, 8, 4, 0, 8, 5, 5, 8, 7, 9, 9, 3, 1, 0, 0, 2, 7, 2, 2, 9, 0, 9, 4, 3, 7, 0, 2, 4, 8, 3, 0, 6, 3, 6, 6, 2

Offset: 1

Harry J. Smith, May 31 2009

Arises in the approximation of 14-fold quasipatterns by 14 Fourier modes.
Let DTS(n^c) denote the set of languages accepted by a deterministic Turing machine with space n^(o(1)) and time n^(c+o(1)), and let SAT denote the Boolean satisfiability problem. Then (1) SAT is not in DTS(n^c) for any c < 2*cos(Pi/7), and (2) the Williams inference rules cannot prove that SAT is not in DTS(n^c) for any c >= 2*cos(Pi/7). These results also apply to the Boolean satisfiability problem mod m where m is in A085971 except possibly for one prime. - Charles R Greathouse IV, Jul 19 2012
rho(7):= 2*cos(Pi/7) is the length ratio (smallest diagonal)/side in the regular 7-gon (heptagon). The algebraic number field Q(rho(7)) of degree 3 is fundamental for the 7-gon. See A187360 for the minimal polynomial C(7, x) of rho(7). The other (larger) diagonal/side ratio in the heptagon is sigma(7) = -1 + rho(7)^2, approx. 2.2469796. (see the decimal expansion in A231187). sigma(7) is the limit of a(n+1)/a(n) for n->infinity for the sequences like A006054 and A077998 which can be considered as analogs of the Fibonacci sequence in the pentagon. Thus sigma(7) plays in the heptagon the role of the golden section in the pentagon. See the P. Steinbach reference. - Wolfdieter Lang, Nov 21 2013
An algebraic integer of degree 3 with minimal polynomial x^3 - x^2 - 2x + 1. - Charles R Greathouse IV, Nov 12 2014
The other two solutions of the minimal polynomial of rho(7) = 2*cos(Pi/7) are 2*cos(3*Pi/7) and 2*cos(5*Pi/7). See eq. (20) of the W. Lang link. - Wolfdieter Lang, Feb 11 2015
The constant is the square root of 3.24697... (cf. A116425). It is the fifth-longest diagonal in the regular 14-gon with unit radius, which equals 2*sin(5*Pi/14). - Gary W. Adamson, Feb 14 2022

			1.801937735804838252472204639014890102331838324263714300107124846398864...

John H. Conway and Richard K. Guy, The Book of Numbers, New York: Springer-Verlag, 1996. See p. 207.

Harry J. Smith, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..20000
Simon Baker, Exceptional digit frequencies and expansions in non-integer bases, arXiv:1711.10397 [math.DS], 2017. See Theorem 1.1 p. 3.
Sam Buss and Ryan Williams, Limits on alternation-trading proofs for time-space lower bounds, Electronic Colloquium on Computational Complexity 2011
Wolfdieter Lang, The field Q(2cos(pi/n)), its Galois group and length ratios in the regular n-gon, arXiv:1210.1018 [math.GR], Oct 03 2012.
Peter Steinbach, Golden Fields: A Case for the Heptagon, Mathematics Magazine, Vol. 70, No. 1, Feb. 1997.
Ryan Williams, Time-space tradeoffs for counting NP solutions modulo integers, Computational Complexity 17 (2008), pp. 179-219.
Index entries for algebraic numbers, degree 3

Cf. A039921 (continued fraction).
Cf. A047336, A047341, A116425, A255240, A255249.
Cf. A003558 (the constant is cyclic with period 3, for N = 7).

R:= RealField(200); Reverse(Intseq(Floor(10^110*2*Cos(Pi(R)/7)))); // Marius A. Burtea, Nov 13 2019

evalf(2*cos(Pi/7), 100); # Wesley Ivan Hurt, Feb 01 2017

RealDigits[2 Cos[Pi/7], 10, 111][[1]] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Jun 11 2013 *)

default(realprecision, 20080); x=2*cos(Pi/7); for (n=1, 20000, d=floor(x); x=(x-d)*10; write("b160389.txt", n, " ", d));

Equals 2*A073052. - Michel Marcus, Nov 21 2013
Equals (Re((-(4*7)*(1 + 3*sqrt(3)*i))^(1/3)) + 1)/3, with the real part Re, and i = sqrt(-1). - Wolfdieter Lang, Feb 24 2015
Equals i^(2/7) - i^(12/7). - Peter Luschny, Apr 04 2020
From Peter Bala, Oct 20 2021: (Start)
Equals 2 - (1 - z)*(1 - z^6)/((1 - z^3)*(1 - z^4)), where z = exp(2*Pi*i/7).
The other two zeros of the minimal polynomial x^3 - x^2 - 2*x + 1 of 2*cos(Pi/7) are given by 2 - (1 - z^3)*(1 - z^4)/((1 - z^2)*(1 - z^5)) = 2*cos(3*Pi/7) = A255241 and 2 - (1 - z^2)*(1 - z^5)/((1 - z)*(1 - z^6)) = cos(5*Pi/7) = -A362922.
Equals Product_{n >= 0} (7*n+2)*(7*n+5)/((7*n+1)*(7*n+6)) = 1 + Product_{n >= 0} (7*n+2)*(7*n+5)/((7*n+3)*(7*n+4)) = 1/A255240.
The linear fractional mapping r -> 1/(1 - r) cyclically permutes the three zeros of the minimal polynomial x^3 - x^2 - 2*x + 1. The inverse mapping is r -> (r - 1)/r.
The quadratic mapping r -> 2 - r^2 also cyclically permutes the three zeros. The inverse mapping is r -> r^2 - r - 1. (End)
Equals i^(2/7) + i^(-2/7). - Gary W. Adamson, Feb 11 2022
From Amiram Eldar, Nov 22 2024: (Start)
Equals Product_{k>=1} (1 - (-1)^k/A047336(k)).
Equals 1 + cosec(3*Pi/14)/2 = 1 + Product_{k>=1} (1 + (-1)^k/A047341(k)). (End)
Equals sqrt(A116425). - Hugo Pfoertner, Nov 22 2024

A255249 Decimal expansion of -2cos(5Pi/7).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 4, 6, 9, 7, 9, 6, 0, 3, 7, 1, 7, 4, 6, 7, 0, 6, 1, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 9, 7, 6, 8, 0, 0, 8, 4, 7, 9, 6, 2, 1, 2, 6, 4, 5, 4, 9, 4, 6, 1, 7, 9, 2, 8, 0, 4, 2, 1, 0, 7, 3, 1, 0, 9, 8, 8, 7, 8, 1, 9, 3, 7, 0, 7, 3, 0, 4, 9, 1, 2, 9, 7, 4, 5, 6, 9, 1, 5, 1, 8, 8, 5, 0, 1, 4, 6, 5, 3, 1, 7, 0

Offset: 1

Wolfdieter Lang, Mar 13 2015

rho_3 := +2*cos(5*Pi/7) is the negative zero of the minimal polynomial C(7, x) = x^3 - x^2 - 2*x + 1 of the algebraic number rho(7) = 2*cos(Pi/7), the length ratio of the smaller diagonal and the side in the regular 7-gon (heptagon). See A187360 and a link to the arXiv paper given there, eq. (20) for the zeros of C(n, x). The positive zeros are rho(7) and rho_2 = 2*cos(3*Pi/7) shown in A160389 and A255241.

Essentially the same as A231187 and A116425. - R. J. Mathar, Mar 14 2015

			1.2469796037174670610500097680084796212645494617928042107310988781937073049...

John H. Conway and Richard K. Guy, The Book of Numbers, New York: Springer-Verlag, 1996. See p. 207.

Wikipedia, Gaussian period.
Index entries for algebraic numbers, degree 3

Cf. A047385, A160389, A187360, A255241, A330002, A330003 (Beatty sequences), A362922.

r = x /. FindRoot[1/x + 1/(x+1)^2 == 1, {x, 2, 10}, WorkingPrecision -> 210]
RealDigits[r][[1]]
Plot[1/x + 1/(x+1)^2, {x, 1, 2}] (* Clark Kimberling, Jan 04 2020 *)

polrootsreal(x^3 + x^2 - 2*x - 1)[3] \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Oct 30 2023

2*cos(5*Pi/7) = - 2*sin(3*Pi/14) = -1.246979603...
Solution of x^3 + x^2 - 2 x - 1 = 0; +1.246979603...  - Clark Kimberling, Jan 04 2020
Equals i^(4/7) - i^(10/7). - Peter Luschny, Apr 04 2020
From Peter Bala, Oct 20 2021: (Start)
Equals z + z^6, where z = exp(2*Pi*i/7), so this constant is one of the three cubic Gaussian periods for the modulus 7. The other periods are - A255241 and - A160389.
Equals (1 - z^2)*(1 - z^5)/((1 - z)*(1 - z^6)) - 2.
Equals Product_{n >= 0} (7*n+3)*(7*n+4)/((7*n+2)*(7*n+5)) = A231187 - 1. (End)
Equals Product_{k>=1} (1 - (-1)^k/A047385(k)). - Amiram Eldar, Nov 22 2024
Equals 1/(A160389-1) = 2*A362922. - Hugo Pfoertner, Nov 22 2024

A255240 Decimal expansion of 1/(2*cos(Pi/7)).

Original entry on oeis.org

5, 5, 4, 9, 5, 8, 1, 3, 2, 0, 8, 7, 3, 7, 1, 1, 9, 1, 4, 2, 2, 1, 9, 4, 8, 7, 1, 0, 0, 6, 4, 1, 0, 4, 8, 1, 0, 6, 7, 2, 8, 8, 8, 6, 2, 4, 7, 0, 9, 1, 0, 0, 8, 9, 3, 7, 6, 0, 2, 5, 9, 6, 8, 2, 0, 5, 1, 5, 7, 5, 3, 5, 9, 4, 2, 9, 0, 5, 3, 6, 1, 8, 5, 0, 8, 3, 7, 8, 9, 4, 7, 8, 3, 8, 5, 4, 0

Offset: 0

Wolfdieter Lang, Mar 12 2015

This is the decimal expansion of t = 1/rho(7) = 2 + rho(7) - rho(7)^2 with rho(7) = 2*cos(Pi/7) the length ratio of the smaller diagonal and the side of a regular heptagon. See A160389 for the decimal expansion of rho(7).
t satisfies the cubic equation t^3 - 2*t^2 - t + 1 = 0.
t = 1/rho(7) is the slope tan(alpha) appearing in Archimedes's neusis construction of the regular heptagon. The corresponding angle alpha is approximately 29,028 degrees. See the link, Figure 1, also for references.
From Peter Bala, Oct 16 2021: (Start)
t = sin(Pi/7)/sin(2*Pi/7). The other roots of the cubic equation t^3 - 2*t^2 - t + 1 = 0 are t_1 = 1/(1 - t) = sin(3*Pi/7)/sin(6*Pi/7) = 2.2469796037... and t_2 = 1/(1 - t_1) = - sin(2*Pi/7)/sin(4*Pi/7) = - 0.8019377358.... Compare with A231187 and A160389.
The algebraic number field Q(t) is a totally real cubic field of discriminant 7^2 and class number 1 with a cyclic Galois group over Q of order 3.  See Shanks. (End)

			0.5549581320873711914221948710064104810672888624709100893760259682051575359...

Wolfdieter Lang, Archimedes's Construction of the Regular Heptagon.
Daniel Shanks, The simplest cubic fields, Math. Comp., 28 (1974), 1137-1152.
Index entries for algebraic numbers, degree 3.

Cf. A047385, A116425, A160389, A231187, A255241.

RealDigits[1/(2*Cos[Pi/7]), 10, 100][[1]] (* Georg Fischer, Apr 04 2020 *)

1/rho(7) = 1/(2*cos(Pi/7)) = 0.55495813208...
From Peter Bala, Oct 10 2021: (Start)
t = 2*(cos(Pi/7) - cos(2*Pi/7)); t_1 = 2*(cos(3*Pi/7) - cos(6*Pi/7)); t_2 = 2*(cos(5*Pi/7) - cos(10*Pi/7)).
t = Product_{n >= 0} (7*n+1)*(7*n+6)/((7*n+2)*(7*n+5)) = 1 - Product_{n >= 0} (7*n+1)*(7*n+6)/((7*n+3)*(7*n+4)) =  1 - A255241. (End)
Equals Product_{k>=1} (1 + (-1)^k/A047385(k)). - Amiram Eldar, Nov 22 2024

Name corrected by Georg Fischer, Apr 04 2020

A130880 Decimal expansion of 2*sin(Pi/18).

Original entry on oeis.org

3, 4, 7, 2, 9, 6, 3, 5, 5, 3, 3, 3, 8, 6, 0, 6, 9, 7, 7, 0, 3, 4, 3, 3, 2, 5, 3, 5, 3, 8, 6, 2, 9, 5, 9, 2, 0, 0, 0, 7, 5, 1, 3, 5, 4, 3, 6, 8, 1, 3, 8, 7, 7, 4, 4, 7, 2, 4, 8, 2, 7, 5, 6, 2, 6, 4, 1, 3, 1, 6, 4, 4, 2, 7, 8, 0, 2, 9, 4, 7, 0, 8, 4, 3, 0, 3, 3, 2, 2, 6, 3, 1, 4, 7, 9, 9, 1, 4, 8, 0, 2, 3, 9, 1, 8

Offset: 0

R. J. Mathar, Jul 26 2007

Also: a bond percolation threshold probability on the triangular lattice.

Also: the edge length of a regular 18-gon with unit circumradius. Such an m-gon is not constructible using a compass and a straightedge (see A004169). With an even m, in fact, it would be constructible only if the (m/2)-gon were constructible, which is not true in this case (see A272488). - Stanislav Sykora, May 01 2016

			0.347296355333860697703433253538629592...

John H. Conway and Richard K. Guy, The Book of Numbers, New York: Springer-Verlag, 1996. See p. 207.
Steven R. Finch, Mathematical Constants, Encyclopedia of Mathematics and its Applications, vol. 94, Cambridge University Press, 2003, Section 5.18.1, p. 373.

Stanislav Sykora, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..2000
Steven R. Finch, Several Constants Arising in Statistical Mechanics, Annals Combinat., Vol. 3, Issue 2-4 (1999), pp. 323-335.
Wikipedia, Constructible number.
Wikipedia, Percolation threshold.
Wikipedia, Regular polygon.
Index entries for algebraic numbers, degree 3.

Cf. A004169, A019819, A019829, A019889, A063289, A133749, A178959, A332437, A332438.

Edge lengths of nonconstructible n-gons: A272487 (n=7), A272488 (n=9), A272489 (n=11), A272490 (n=13), A255241 (n=14), A272491 (n=19). - Stanislav Sykora, May 01 2016

RealDigits[N[2Sin[Pi/18], 100]][[1]] (* Robert Price, May 01 2016 *)

PARI
```
2*sin(Pi/18)
```

Equals 2*A019819 = A019829/A019889.
Algebraic number with minimal polynomial over Q equal to x^3 - 3*x + 1, a cyclic cubic, having zeros 2*sin(Pi/18) (= 2*cos(4*Pi/9)), 2*sin(5*Pi/18) (= 2*cos(2*Pi/9)) and -2*sin(7*Pi/18) (= -2*cos(Pi/9)). Cf. A332437. - Peter Bala, Oct 23 2021
Equals 2 + rho(9) - rho(9)^2, an element of the extension field Q(rho(9)), with rho(9) = 2*cos(Pi/9) = A332437 with minimal polynomial x^3 - 3*x - 1 over Q. - Wolfdieter Lang, Sep 20 2022
Equals -1 + Product_{k>=3} (1 - (-1)^k/A063289(k)). - Amiram Eldar, Nov 22 2024
Equals A133749/2 = 1 - A178959. - Hugo Pfoertner, Dec 15 2024

A004169 Values of m for which a regular polygon with m sides cannot be constructed with ruler and compass.

Original entry on oeis.org

7, 9, 11, 13, 14, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 31, 33, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 49, 50, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 61, 62, 63, 65, 66, 67, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 81, 82, 83, 84, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane, Branislav Kisacanin (bkisacan(AT)eecs.uic.edu)

Numbers m for which phi(a(m)) is not a power of 2, phi = A000010, Euler's totient function. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Jul 31 2012

Numbers m for which A295660(m) > 1. - Lorenzo Sauras Altuzarra, Nov 04 2018

A. H. Beiler, Recreations in the Theory of Numbers, Dover, NY, 1964, p. 183.
B. L. van der Waerden, Modern Algebra. Unger, NY, 2nd ed., Vols. 1-2, 1953, Vol. 1, p. 187.

T. D. Noe, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..1000
Claudi Alsina and Roger B. Nelson, A Panoply of Polygons, Dolciani Math. Expeditions Vol. 58, AMS/MAA (2023), see page 16.
C. F. Gauss, Disquisitiones Arithmeticae, Lipsiae, 1801. Reprinted in C. F. Gauss, Werke, 1863.
C. F. Gauss, Disquisitiones Arithmeticae, 1801. English translation: Yale University Press, New Haven, CT, 1966, p. 460.

Cf. A003401 (complement).
Cf. A000010, A209229.
Edge lengths of nonconstructible n-gons: A272487 (n=7), A272488 (n=9), A272489 (n=11), A272490 (n=13), A255241 (n=14), A130880 (n=18), A272491 (n=19).

a004169 n = a004169_list !! (n-1)
a004169_list = map (+ 1) $ elemIndices 0 $ map a209229 a000010_list
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Jul 31 2012

Select[ Range[75], !IntegerQ[ Log[2, EulerPhi[#] ] ]& ] (* Jean-François Alcover, Nov 24 2011, after A003401 *)

is(n)=my(t=4294967295); n>>=valuation(n,2); n/=gcd(n,t); if(gcd(n,t)>1, return(1)); if(n==1, return(0)); if(n<9e2585827972, return(1)); forprime(p=7,1e5, if(n%p==0, return(1))); warning("Result is conjectural on the nonexistence of Fermat primes >= F(33)."); 1 \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Oct 23 2015

a(n) = n + O(log^2 n). - Charles R Greathouse IV, Oct 23 2015

A116425 Decimal expansion of 2 + 2cos(2Pi/7).

Original entry on oeis.org

3, 2, 4, 6, 9, 7, 9, 6, 0, 3, 7, 1, 7, 4, 6, 7, 0, 6, 1, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 9, 7, 6, 8, 0, 0, 8, 4, 7, 9, 6, 2, 1, 2, 6, 4, 5, 4, 9, 4, 6, 1, 7, 9, 2, 8, 0, 4, 2, 1, 0, 7, 3, 1, 0, 9, 8, 8, 7, 8, 1, 9, 3, 7, 0, 7, 3, 0, 4, 9, 1, 2, 9, 7, 4, 5, 6, 9, 1, 5, 1, 8, 8, 5, 0, 1, 4, 6, 5, 3, 1, 7, 0, 7, 4, 3, 3, 3, 4, 1, 1

Offset: 1

Eric W. Weisstein, Feb 15 2006

A root of the equation x^3 - 5*x^2 + 6*x - 1 = 0. - Arkadiusz Wesolowski, Jan 13 2016

The other two roots of this minimal polynomial of the present algebraic number (rho(7))^2, with rho(7) = 2*cos(Pi/7) = A160389 are (2*cos(3*Pi/7))^2 = (A255241)^2 and (2*cos(5*Pi/7))^2 = (-A255249)^2. - Wolfdieter Lang, Mar 30 2020

			3.246979603717467061...

Steven R. Finch, Mathematical Constants, Cambridge University Press, 2003, Section 5.25 Tutte-Beraha Constants, p. 417.

Jesús Salas and Alan D. Sokal, Transfer matrices and partition functions zeros for antiferromagnetic Potts models, arXiv:cond-mat/0004330 [cond-mat.stat-mech], 2000-2001, p. 64.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Logistic Map
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Silver Constant
Index entries for algebraic numbers, degree 3

Cf. A231187, A160389.
Cf. A003558, A054142, A255241, A255249.
2 + 2*cos(2*Pi/n): A104457 (n = 5), A332438 (n = 9), A296184 (n = 10), A019973 (n = 12).

First@ RealDigits[N[2 + 2 Cos[2 Pi/7], 120]] (* Michael De Vlieger, Jan 13 2016 *)

2 + 2*cos(2*Pi/7) \\ Michel Marcus, Jan 13 2016

Equals (2*cos(Pi/7))^2 = (A160389)^2.
Equals 2 + i^(4/7) - i^(10/7). - Peter Luschny, Apr 04 2020
Let  c = 2 + 2*cos(2*Pi/7). The linear fractional transformation z -> c - c/z has order 7, that is, z = c - c/(c - c/(c - c/(c - c/(c - c/(c - c/(c - c/z)))))). - Peter Bala, May 09 2024

A272487 Decimal expansion of the edge length of a regular heptagon with unit circumradius.

Original entry on oeis.org

8, 6, 7, 7, 6, 7, 4, 7, 8, 2, 3, 5, 1, 1, 6, 2, 4, 0, 9, 5, 1, 5, 3, 6, 6, 6, 5, 6, 9, 6, 7, 1, 7, 5, 0, 9, 2, 1, 9, 9, 8, 1, 4, 5, 5, 5, 7, 4, 9, 1, 9, 7, 5, 2, 8, 8, 9, 0, 9, 4, 6, 0, 7, 0, 6, 4, 4, 0, 6, 5, 0, 3, 3, 0, 6, 3, 9, 6, 8, 4, 3, 0, 4, 1, 5, 6, 8, 0, 4, 3, 5, 4, 8, 9, 1, 2, 2, 0, 4, 1, 7, 7, 4, 8, 8

Offset: 0

Stanislav Sykora, May 01 2016

The edge length e(m) of a regular m-gon is e(m) = 2*sin(Pi/m). In this case, m = 7, and the constant, a = e(7), is the smallest m for which e(m) is not constructible using a compass and a straightedge (see A004169). With an odd m, in fact, e(m) would be constructible only if m were a Fermat prime (A019434).

			0.8677674782351162409515366656967175092199814555749197528890946...

Stanislav Sykora, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..2000
Wikipedia, Constructible number
Wikipedia, Heptagon
Wikipedia, Regular polygon
Index entries for algebraic numbers, degree 6

Cf. A004169, A019434.
Cf. A160389.
Edge lengths of nonconstructible n-gons: A272488 (n=9), A272489 (n=11), A272490 (n=13), A255241 (n=14), A130880 (n=18), A272491 (n=19).

N[2*Sin[Pi/7], 25] (* G. C. Greubel, May 01 2016 *)
RealDigits[2*Sin[Pi/7],10,120][[1]] (* Harvey P. Dale, Mar 07 2020 *)

PARI
```
2*sin(Pi/7)
```

Equals 2*sin(Pi/7) = 2*cos(Pi*5/14).
Equals i^(-5/7) + i^(5/7). - Gary W. Adamson, Feb 12 2022
One of the 6 real-valued roots of x^6 -7*x^4 +14*x^2 -7 =0. - R. J. Mathar, Aug 29 2025

A231187 Decimal expansion of the length ratio (largest diagonal)/side in the regular 7-gon (or heptagon).

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 2, 4, 6, 9, 7, 9, 6, 0, 3, 7, 1, 7, 4, 6, 7, 0, 6, 1, 0, 5, 0, 0, 0, 9, 7, 6, 8, 0, 0, 8, 4, 7, 9, 6, 2, 1, 2, 6, 4, 5, 4, 9, 4, 6, 1, 7, 9, 2, 8, 0, 4, 2, 1, 0, 7, 3, 1, 0, 9, 8, 8, 7, 8, 1, 9, 3, 7, 0, 7, 3, 0, 4, 9, 1, 2, 9, 7, 4, 5, 6, 9, 1, 5, 1, 8, 8, 5, 0, 1, 4, 6, 5, 3, 1, 7, 0, 7, 4, 3, 3, 3, 4, 1

Offset: 1

Wolfdieter Lang, Nov 21 2013

The length ratio (largest diagonal)/side in the regular 7-gon (heptagon) is sigma(7) = S(2, rho(7)) = -1 + rho(7)^2, with rho(7) = 2*cos(Pi/7), which is approx. 1.8019377358 (see A160389 for its decimal expansion, and A049310 for the Chebyshev S-polynomials). sigma(7), approx. 2.2469796, is also the reciprocal of one of the solutions of the minimal polynomial C(7, x) = x^3 - x^2 - 2*x + 1 of rho(7) (see A187360), namely 1/(2*cos(3*Pi/7)).
sigma(7) is the limit of a(n+1)/a(n) for n->infinity for the sequences A006054 and A077998 which can be considered as analogs of the Fibonacci sequence in the pentagon. Thus sigma(7) plays in the heptagon the role of the golden section in the pentagon.
See the Steinbach link.

			2.24697960371746706105000976800847962126454946179280421073109887819...

Peter Steinbach, Golden Fields: A Case for the Heptagon, Mathematics Magazine, Vol. 70, No. 1, Feb. 1997.
I. J. Zucker, G. S. Joyce, Special values of the hypergeometric series II, Math. Proc. Cam. Phil. Soc. 131 (2001) 309 eq. (8.10).
Index entries for algebraic numbers, degree 3.

Cf. A160389, A006054, A077998, A255240, A255241, A255249, A116425.

First[RealDigits[N[Csc[Pi/14]/2,104]]] (* Stefano Spezia, Jun 26 2022 *)

 5/cos(3*Pi/7) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Feb 04 2025

polrootsreal(x^3-2*x^2-x+1)[3] \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Feb 04 2025

sigma(7) = -1 + (2*cos(Pi/7))^2 = 1/(2*cos(3*Pi/7)).
Equals A116425 -1.
From Geoffrey Caveney, Apr 23 2014: (Start)
sigma(7) = exp(asinh(cos(Pi/7))).
cos(Pi/7) + sqrt(1+cos(Pi/7)^2). (End)
From Peter Bala, Oct 12 2021: (Start)
Minimal polynomial x^3 - 2*x^2 - x + 1.
Equals 2*(cos(3*Pi/7) - cos(6*Pi/7)). The other zeros of the minimal polynomial are 2*(cos(Pi/7) - cos(2*Pi/7)) = A255240 and 2*(cos(5*Pi/7) - cos(10*Pi/7)) = 1 - A160389.
The quadratic mapping z -> z^2 - 2*z cyclically permutes the zeros of the minimal polynomial. The inverse cyclic permutation is given by the mapping z -> 2 + z - z^2.
Equals Product_{n >= 0} (7*n+3)*(7*n+4)/((7*n+1)*(7*n+6)) = 1 + Product_{n >= 0} (7*n+3)*(7*n+4)/((7*n+2)*(7*n+5)) = 1 + A255249 = 1/A255241. (End)
Equals 1/(2*sin(Pi/14)) = 1 + 2*sin(3*Pi/14). - Gary W. Adamson, Jun 25 2022
Equals (2*cos(Pi/7)) * (2*cos(2*Pi/7)) = (i^(2/7) + i^(-2/7)) * (i^(4/7) + i^(-4/7)) = 1 + i^(4/7) + i^(-4/7). - Gary W. Adamson, Jul 16 2022
Equals 2F1(1/7,2/7;1/2;1) [Zucker] - R. J. Mathar, Jun 24 2024

A272488 Decimal expansion of the edge length of a regular 9-gon with unit circumradius.

Original entry on oeis.org

6, 8, 4, 0, 4, 0, 2, 8, 6, 6, 5, 1, 3, 3, 7, 4, 6, 6, 0, 8, 8, 1, 9, 9, 2, 2, 9, 3, 6, 4, 5, 1, 9, 1, 6, 1, 5, 2, 6, 1, 6, 6, 7, 3, 5, 0, 2, 8, 3, 2, 1, 2, 5, 6, 9, 3, 0, 0, 9, 6, 9, 9, 5, 3, 6, 9, 4, 2, 9, 5, 2, 7, 4, 0, 4, 1, 5, 5, 1, 9, 9, 1, 2, 8, 3, 8, 0, 3, 6, 4, 6, 7, 7, 0, 5, 1, 0, 9, 5, 0, 8, 0, 9, 4, 7

Offset: 0

Stanislav Sykora, May 01 2016

The edge length e(m) of a regular m-gon is e(m) = 2*sin(Pi/m). In this case, m = 9, and the constant, a = e(9), is not constructible using a compass and a straightedge (see A004169). With an odd m, in fact, e(m) would be constructible only if m were a Fermat prime (A019434).

			0.6840402866513374660881992293645191615261667350283212569300969953...

Stanislav Sykora, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..2000
Wikipedia, Constructible number
Wikipedia, Regular polygon
Index entries for algebraic numbers, degree 6

Cf. A004169, A019434.

Edge lengths of nonconstructible n-gons: A272487 (n=7), A272489 (n=11), A272490 (n=13), A255241 (n=14), A130880 (n=18), A272491 (n=19).

RealDigits[N[2Sin[Pi/9], 100]][[1]] (* Robert Price, May 01 2016 *)

PARI
```
2*sin(Pi/9)
```

Equals 2*sin(Pi/9) = 2*cos(Pi*7/18) = 2*A019829.
Equals Im((4+4*sqrt(3)*i)^(1/3)). - Gerry Martens, Mar 19 2024
A root of x^6 -6*x^4 +9*x^2 -3 =0. - R. J. Mathar, Aug 29 2025

A272489 Decimal expansion of the edge length of a regular 11-gon with unit circumradius.

Original entry on oeis.org

5, 6, 3, 4, 6, 5, 1, 1, 3, 6, 8, 2, 8, 5, 9, 3, 9, 5, 4, 2, 2, 8, 3, 5, 8, 3, 0, 6, 9, 3, 2, 3, 3, 7, 9, 8, 0, 7, 1, 5, 5, 5, 7, 9, 7, 9, 4, 6, 5, 3, 3, 7, 4, 3, 6, 6, 2, 1, 6, 0, 6, 1, 2, 1, 7, 5, 6, 9, 7, 5, 9, 7, 0, 3, 8, 0, 5, 8, 3, 3, 6, 2, 4, 6, 9, 3, 5, 2, 3, 6, 9, 0, 3, 7, 7, 3, 0, 9, 9, 9, 3, 5, 9, 8, 8

Offset: 0

Stanislav Sykora, May 01 2016

The edge length e(m) of a regular m-gon is e(m) = 2*sin(Pi/m). In this case, m = 11, and the constant, a = e(11), is not constructible using a compass and a straightedge (see A004169). With an odd m, in fact, e(m) would be constructible only if m were a Fermat prime (A019434).

			0.5634651136828593954228358306932337980715557979465337436621606121...

Stanislav Sykora, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..2000
Wikipedia, Constructible number
Wikipedia, Regular polygon
Index entries for algebraic numbers, degree 10

Cf. A004169, A019434.

Edge lengths of nonconstructible n-gons: A272487 (n=7), A272488 (n=9), A272490 (n=13), A255241 (n=14), A130880 (n=18), A272491 (n=19).

RealDigits[N[2Sin[Pi/11], 100]][[1]] (* Robert Price, May 01 2016 *)

PARI
```
2*sin(Pi/11)
```

Equals 2*sin(Pi/11) = 2*cos(Pi*9/22).

cp's OEIS Frontend

A160389 Decimal expansion of 2*cos(Pi/7).

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A255249 Decimal expansion of -2*cos(5*Pi/7).

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A255240 Decimal expansion of 1/(2*cos(Pi/7)).

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A130880 Decimal expansion of 2*sin(Pi/18).

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A004169 Values of m for which a regular polygon with m sides cannot be constructed with ruler and compass.

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A116425 Decimal expansion of 2 + 2*cos(2*Pi/7).

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A255249 Decimal expansion of -2cos(5Pi/7).

A116425 Decimal expansion of 2 + 2cos(2Pi/7).