cp's OEIS Frontend

The original motivation for this sequence was to encode the prime factorization of n in the binary representation of a(n), each such representation being unique as long as this map is restricted to A005117 (squarefree numbers, resulting a permutation of nonnegative integers A048672) or any of its subsequence, resulting an injective function like A048623 and A048639.

However, also the restriction to A260443 (not all terms of which are squarefree) results a permutation of nonnegative integers, namely A001477, the identity permutation.

When a polynomial with nonnegative integer coefficients is encoded with the prime factorization of n (e.g., as in A206296, A260443), then a(n) gives the evaluation of that polynomial at x=2.

The primitive completely additive integer sequence that satisfies a(n) = a(A225546(n)), n >= 1. By primitive, we mean that if b is another such sequence, then there is an integer k such that b(n) = k * a(n) for all n >= 1. - Peter Munn, Feb 03 2020

If the binary rank of an integer partition y is given by Sum_i 2^(y_i-1), and the Heinz number is Product_i prime(y_i), then a(n) is the binary rank of the integer partition with Heinz number n. Note the function taking a set s to Sum_i 2^(s_i-1) is the inverse of A048793 (binary indices), and the function taking a multiset m to Product_i prime(m_i) is the inverse of A112798 (prime indices). - Gus Wiseman, May 22 2024

First differences of A000123; also A000123 with terms repeated. See the relevant proof that follows the first formula below.

Among these partitions there is exactly one partition with all distinct terms, as every number can be expressed as the sum of the distinct powers of 2.

Euler transform of A036987 with offset 1.

a(n) is the number of "non-squashing" partitions of n, that is, partitions n = p_1 + p_2 + ... + p_k with 1 <= p_1 <= p_2 <= ... <= p_k and p_1 + p_2 + ... + p_i <= p_{i+1} for all 1 <= i < k. - N. J. A. Sloane, Nov 30 2003

Normally the OEIS does not include sequences like this where every term is repeated, but an exception was made for this one because of its importance. The unrepeated sequence A000123 is the main entry.

Number of different partial sums from 1 + [1, *2] + [1, *2] + ..., where [1, *2] means we can either add 1 or multiply by 2. E.g., a(6) = 6 because we have 6 = 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = (1+1) * 2 + 1 + 1 = 1 * 2 * 2 + 1 + 1 = (1+1+1) * 2 = 1 * 2 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = (1*2+1) * 2 where the connection is defined via expanding each bracket; e.g., this is 6 = 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 2 + 2 + 1 + 1 = 4 + 1 + 1 = 2 + 2 + 2 = 2 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 4 + 2. - Jon Perry, Jan 01 2004

Number of partitions p of n such that the number of compositions generated by p is odd. For proof see the Alekseyev and Adams-Watters link. - Vladeta Jovovic, Aug 06 2007

Differs from A008645 first at a(64). - R. J. Mathar, May 28 2008

Appears to be row sums of A155077. - Mats Granvik, Jan 19 2009

Number of partitions (p_1, p_2, ..., p_k) of n, with p_1 >= p_2 >= ... >= p_k, such that for each i, p_i >= p_{i+1} + ... + p_k. - John MCKAY (mckay(AT)encs.concordia.ca), Mar 06 2009 (these are the "non-squashing" partitions as nonincreasing lists).

Equals rightmost diagonal of triangle of A168261. Starting with offset 1 = eigensequence of triangle A115361 and row sums of triangle A168261. - Gary W. Adamson, Nov 21 2009

Equals convolution square root of A171238: (1, 2, 5, 8, 16, 24, 40, 56, 88, ...). - Gary W. Adamson, Dec 05 2009

Let B = the n-th convolution power of the sequence and C = the aerated variant of B. It appears that B/C = the binomial sequence beginning (1, n, ...). Example: Third convolution power of the sequence is (1, 3, 9, 19, 42, 78, 146, ...), with C = (1, 0, 3, 0, 9, 0, 19, ...). Then B/C = (1, 3, 6, 10, 15, 21, ...). - Gary W. Adamson, Aug 15 2016

From Gary W. Adamson, Sep 08 2016: (Start)

The limit of the matrix power M^k as n-->inf results in a single column vector equal to the sequence, where M is the following production matrix:

1, 0, 0, 0, 0, ...

1, 0, 0, 0, 0, ...

1, 1, 0, 0, 0, ...

1, 1, 0, 0, 0, ...

1, 1, 1, 0, 0, ...

1, 1, 1, 0, 0, ...

1, 1, 1, 1, 0, ...

1, 1, 1, 1, 0, ...

1, 1, 1, 1, 1, ...

... (End)

a(n) is the number of "non-borrowing" partitions of n, meaning binary subtraction of a smaller part from a larger part will never require place-value borrowing. - David V. Feldman, Jan 29 2020

From Gus Wiseman, May 25 2024: (Start)

Also the number of multisets of positive integers whose binary rank is n, where the binary rank of a multiset m is given by Sum_i 2^(m_i-1). For example, the a(1) = 1 through a(8) = 10 multisets are:

{1} {2} {12} {3} {13} {23} {123} {4}

{11} {111} {22} {122} {113} {1113} {33}

{112} {1112} {222} {1222} {223}

{1111} {11111} {1122} {11122} {1123}

{11112} {111112} {2222}

{111111} {1111111} {11113}

{11222}

{111122}

{1111112}

{11111111}

(End)

The binary representation of a(n) shows which prime numbers divide n, but not the multiplicities. a(2)=1, a(3)=10, a(4)=1, a(5)=100, a(6)=11, a(10)=101, a(30)=111, etc.

For n > 1, a(n) gives the (one-based) index of the column where n is located in array A285321. A008479 gives the other index. - Antti Karttunen, Apr 17 2017

From Antti Karttunen, Jun 18 & 20 2017: (Start)

A268335 gives all n such that a(n) = A248663(n); the squarefree numbers (A005117) are all the n such that a(n) = A285330(n) = A048675(n).

For all n > 1 for which the value of A285331(n) is well-defined, we have A285331(a(n)) <= floor(A285331(n)/2), because then n is included in the binary tree A285332 and a(n) is one of its ancestors (in that tree), and thus must be at least one step nearer to its root than n itself.

Conjecture: Starting at any n and iterating the map n -> a(n), we will always reach 0 (see A288569). This conjecture is equivalent to the conjecture that at any n that is neither a prime nor a power of two, we will eventually hit a prime number (which then becomes a power of two in the next iteration). If this conjecture is false then sequence A285332 cannot be a permutation of natural numbers. On the other hand, if the conjecture is true, then A285332 must be a permutation of natural numbers, because all primes and powers of 2 occur in definite positions in that tree. This conjecture also implies the conjectures made in A019565 and A285320 that essentially claim that there are neither finite nor infinite cycles in A019565.

If there are any 2-cycles in this sequence, then both terms of the cycle should be present in A286611 and the larger one should be present in A286612.

(End)

Binary rank of the distinct prime indices of n, where the binary rank of an integer partition y is given by Sum_i 2^(y_i-1). For all prime indices (with multiplicity) we have A048675. - Gus Wiseman, May 25 2024

Complement of A158582. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Apr 16 2009

Also union of A168604 and A030130. - Douglas Latimer, Jul 19 2012

Numbers of the form 2^t - 2^k - 1, 0 <= k < t.

n is in the sequence if and only if 2*n+1 is in the sequence. - Robert Israel, Dec 14 2018

Also the least binary rank of a strict integer partition of n, where the binary rank of a partition y is given by Sum_i 2^(y_i-1). - Gus Wiseman, May 24 2024

The positive integers are partitioned between this sequence, A332821 and A332822, which list the integers in respective cosets of the subgroup.

As the sequence lists the integers in a multiplicative subgroup of the positive rationals, the sequence is closed under multiplication and, provided the result is an integer, under division.

It follows that for any n in this sequence, all powers n^k are present (k >= 0), as are all cubes.

If we take each odd term of this sequence and replace each prime in its factorization by the next smaller prime, the resulting numbers are a permutation of the full sequence; and if we take the square root of each square term we get the full sequence.

There are no primes in the sequence, therefore if k is present and p is a prime, k*p and k/p are absent (noting that k/p might not be an integer). This property extends from primes to all terms of A050376 (often called Fermi-Dirac primes), therefore to squares of primes, 4th powers of primes etc.

The terms are the even numbers in A332821 halved. The terms are also the numbers m such that 5m is in A332821, and so on for alternate primes: 11, 17, 23 etc. Likewise, the terms are the numbers m such that 3m is in A332822, and so on for alternate primes: 7, 13, 19 etc.

The numbers that are half of the even terms of this sequence are in A332822, which consists exactly of those numbers. The numbers that are one third of the terms that are multiples of 3 are in A332821, which consists exactly of those numbers. These properties extend in a pattern of alternating primes as described in the previous paragraph.

If k is an even number, exactly one of {k/2, k, 2k} is in the sequence (cf. A191257 / A067368 / A213258); and generally if k is a multiple of a prime p, exactly one of {k/p, k, k*p} is in the sequence.

If m and n are in this sequence then so is m*n (the definition of "multiplicative semigroup"), while if n is in this sequence, and x is in the complement A359830, then n*x is in A359830. This essentially follows from the fact that A048675 is totally additive sequence. Compare to A329609. - Antti Karttunen, Jan 17 2023

a(n) = r(n,m) with m such that r(n,m)=r(n,m+1), where r(n,k) = A097246(r(n,k-1)), r(n,0)=n. (The original definition.)

A097248(n) = r(n,a(n)).

From Antti Karttunen, Nov 15 2016: (Start)

The above remark could be interpreted to mean that A097249(n) <= a(n).

All terms are squarefree, and the squarefree numbers are the fixed points.

These are also fixed points eventually reached when iterating A277886.

(End)

The positive integers are partitioned between A332820, this sequence and A332822.

For each prime p, the terms include exactly one of p and p^2. The primes alternate between this sequence and A332822. This sequence has the primes with odd indexes, those in A031368.

The terms are the even numbers in A332822 halved. The terms are also the numbers m such that 5m is in A332822, and so on for alternate primes: 11, 17, 23 etc. Likewise, the terms are the numbers m such that 3m is in A332820, and so on for alternate primes: 7, 13, 19 etc.

The numbers that are half of the even terms of this sequence are in A332820, which consists exactly of those numbers. The numbers that are one third of the terms that are multiples of 3 are in A332822, which consists exactly of those numbers. For larger primes, an alternating pattern applies as described in the previous paragraph.

If we take each odd term of this sequence and replace each prime in its factorization by the next smaller prime, the resulting number is in A332822, which consists entirely of those numbers.

The product of any 2 terms of this sequence is in A332822, the product of any 3 terms is in A332820, and the product of a term of A332820 and a term of this sequence is in this sequence. So if a number k is present, k^2 is in A332822, k^3 is in A332820, and k^4 is in this sequence.

If k is an even number, exactly one of {k/2, k, 2k} is in the sequence (cf. A191257 / A067368 / A213258); and generally if k is a multiple of a prime p, exactly one of {k/p, k, k*p} is in the sequence.

The positive integers are partitioned between A332820, A332821 and this sequence.

For each prime p, the terms include exactly one of p and p^2. The primes alternate between this sequence and A332821. This sequence has the primes with even indexes, those in A031215.

The terms are the even numbers in A332820 halved. The terms are also the numbers m such that 5m is in A332820, and so on for alternate primes: 11, 17, 23 etc. Likewise, the terms are the numbers m such that 3m is in A332821, and so on for alternate primes: 7, 13, 19, 29 etc.

If we take each odd term of this sequence and replace each prime in its factorization by the next smaller prime, we get the same set of numbers as we get from halving the even terms of this sequence, and A332821 consists exactly of those numbers. The numbers that are one third of the terms that are multiples of 3 are in A332820, which consists exactly of those numbers. The numbers that are one fifth of the terms that are multiples of 5 constitute A332821, and for larger primes, an alternating pattern applies as described in the previous paragraph.

The product of any 2 terms of this sequence is in A332821, the product of any 3 terms is in A332820, and the product of a term of A332820 and a term of this sequence is in this sequence. So if a number k is present, k^2 is in A332821, k^3 is in A332820, and k^4 is in this sequence.

If k is an even number, exactly one of {k/2, k, 2k} is in the sequence (cf. A191257 / A067368 / A213258); and generally if k is a multiple of a prime p, exactly one of {k/p, k, k*p} is in the sequence.