cp's OEIS Frontend

This is a front-end for the Online Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, made by Christian Perfect. The idea is to provide OEIS entries in non-ancient HTML, and then to think about how they're presented visually. The source code is on GitHub.

Showing 1-5 of 5 results.

A002113 Palindromes in base 10.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66, 77, 88, 99, 101, 111, 121, 131, 141, 151, 161, 171, 181, 191, 202, 212, 222, 232, 242, 252, 262, 272, 282, 292, 303, 313, 323, 333, 343, 353, 363, 373, 383, 393, 404, 414, 424, 434, 444, 454, 464, 474, 484, 494, 505, 515
Offset: 1

Views

Author

N. J. A. Sloane

Keywords

Comments

n is a palindrome (i.e., a(k) = n for some k) if and only if n = A004086(n). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Mar 10 2002
It seems that if n*reversal(n) is in the sequence then n = 3 or all digits of n are less than 3. - Farideh Firoozbakht, Nov 02 2014
The position of a palindrome within the sequence can be determined almost without calculation: If the palindrome has an even number of digits, prepend a 1 to the front half of the palindrome's digits. If the number of digits is odd, prepend the value of front digit + 1 to the digits from position 2 ... central digit. Examples: 98766789 = a(19876), 515 = a(61), 8206028 = a(9206), 9230329 = a(10230). - Hugo Pfoertner, Aug 14 2015
This sequence is an additive basis of order at most 49, see Banks link. - Charles R Greathouse IV, Aug 23 2015
The order has been reduced from 49 to 3; see the Cilleruelo-Luca and Cilleruelo-Luca-Baxter links. - Jonathan Sondow, Nov 27 2017
See A262038 for the "next palindrome" and A261423 for the "preceding palindrome" functions. - M. F. Hasler, Sep 09 2015
The number of palindromes with d digits is 10 if d = 1, and otherwise it is 9 * 10^(floor((d - 1)/2)). - N. J. A. Sloane, Dec 06 2015
Sequence A033665 tells how many iterations of the Reverse-then-add function A056964 are needed to reach a palindrome; numbers for which this will never happen are Lychrel numbers (A088753) or rather Kin numbers (A023108). - M. F. Hasler, Apr 13 2019
This sequence is an additive basis of order 3, see Cilleruelo, Luca, & Baxter and Sigg. - Charles R Greathouse IV, Apr 08 2025

References

  • Karl G. Kröber, "Palindrome, Perioden und Chaoten: 66 Streifzüge durch die palindromischen Gefilde" (1997, Deutsch-Taschenbücher; Bd. 99) ISBN 3-8171-1522-9.
  • Clifford A. Pickover, A Passion for Mathematics, Wiley, 2005; see p. 71.
  • Alfred S. Posamentier, Math Charmers, Tantalizing Tidbits for the Mind, Prometheus Books, NY, 2003, pages 50-52.
  • Paulo Ribenboim, The Little Book of Bigger Primes, Springer-Verlag NY 2004. See p. 120.
  • N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
  • N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Links

Crossrefs

Subsequence of A061917 and A221221.
A110745 is a subsequence.
Union of A056524 and A056525.
Palindromes in bases 2 through 11: A006995 and A057148, A014190 and A118594, A014192 and A118595, A029952 and A118596, A029953 and A118597, A029954 and A118598, A029803 and A118599, A029955 and A118600, this sequence, A029956. Also A262065 (base 60), A262069 (subsequence).
Palindromic primes: A002385. Palindromic nonprimes: A032350.
Palindromic-pi: A136687.
Cf. A029742 (complement), A086862 (first differences).
Palindromic floor function: A261423, also A261424. Palindromic ceiling: A262038.
Cf. A004086 (read n backwards), A064834, A118031, A136522 (characteristic function), A178788.
Ways to write n as a sum of three palindromes: A261132, A261422.
Minimal number of palindromes that add to n using greedy algorithm: A088601.
Minimal number of palindromes that add to n: A261675.

Programs

  • GAP
    Filtered([0..550],n->ListOfDigits(n)=Reversed(ListOfDigits(n))); # Muniru A Asiru, Mar 08 2019
  • Haskell
    a002113 n = a002113_list !! (n-1)
  a002113_list = filter ((== 1) . a136522) [1..] -- Reinhard Zumkeller, Oct 09 2011
  • Haskell
    import Data.List.Ordered (union)
  a002113_list = union a056524_list a056525_list -- Reinhard Zumkeller, Jul 29 2015, Dec 28 2011
  • Magma
    [n: n in [0..600] | Intseq(n, 10) eq Reverse(Intseq(n, 10))]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Nov 03 2014
  • Maple
    read transforms; t0:=[]; for n from 0 to 2000 do if digrev(n) = n then t0:=[op(t0),n]; fi; od: t0;
# Alternatively, to get all palindromes with <= N digits in the list "Res":
N:=5;
Res:= $0..9:
for d from 2 to N do
  if d::even then
    m:= d/2;
    Res:= Res, seq(n*10^m + digrev(n),n=10^(m-1)..10^m-1);
  else
    m:= (d-1)/2;
    Res:= Res, seq(seq(n*10^(m+1)+y*10^m+digrev(n),y=0..9),n=10^(m-1)..10^m-1);
  fi
od: Res:=[Res]: # Robert Israel, Aug 10 2014
# A variant: Gets all base-10 palindromes with exactly d digits, in the list "Res"
d:=4:
if d=1 then Res:= [$0..9]:
elif d::even then
    m:= d/2:
    Res:= [seq(n*10^m + digrev(n), n=10^(m-1)..10^m-1)]:
else
    m:= (d-1)/2:
    Res:= [seq(seq(n*10^(m+1)+y*10^m+digrev(n), y=0..9), n=10^(m-1)..10^m-1)]:
fi:
Res; # N. J. A. Sloane, Oct 18 2015
isA002113 := proc(n)
    simplify(digrev(n) = n) ;
end proc: # R. J. Mathar, Sep 09 2015
  • Mathematica
    palQ[n_Integer, base_Integer] := Module[{idn = IntegerDigits[n, base]}, idn == Reverse[idn]]; (* then to generate any base-b sequence for 1 < b < 37, replace the 10 in the following instruction with b: *) Select[Range[0, 1000], palQ[#, 10] &]
base10Pals = {0}; r = 2; Do[Do[AppendTo[base10Pals, n * 10^(IntegerLength[n] - 1) + FromDigits@Rest@Reverse@IntegerDigits[n]], {n, 10^(e - 1), 10^e - 1}]; Do[AppendTo[base10Pals, n * 10^IntegerLength[n] + FromDigits@Reverse@IntegerDigits[n]], {n, 10^(e - 1), 10^e - 1}], {e, r}]; base10Pals (* Arkadiusz Wesolowski, May 04 2012 *)
nthPalindromeBase[n_, b_] := Block[{q = n + 1 - b^Floor[Log[b, n + 1 - b^Floor[Log[b, n/b]]]], c = Sum[Floor[Floor[n/((b + 1) b^(k - 1) - 1)]/(Floor[n/((b + 1) b^(k - 1) - 1)] - 1/b)] - Floor[Floor[n/(2 b^k - 1)]/(Floor[n/(2 b^k - 1)] - 1/ b)], {k, Floor[Log[b, n]]}]}, Mod[q, b] (b + 1)^c * b^Floor[Log[b, q]] + Sum[Floor[Mod[q, b^(k + 1)]/b^k] b^(Floor[Log[b, q]] - k) (b^(2 k + c) + 1), {k, Floor[Log[b, q]]}]] (* after the work of Eric A. Schmidt, works for all integer bases b > 2 *)
Array[nthPalindromeBase[#, 10] &, 61, 0] (* please note that Schmidt uses a different, a more natural and intuitive offset, that of a(1) = 1. - Robert G. Wilson v, Sep 22 2014 and modified Nov 28 2014 *)
Select[Range[10^3], PalindromeQ] (* Michael De Vlieger, Nov 27 2017 *)
nLP[cn_Integer]:=Module[{s,len,half,left,pal,fdpal},s=IntegerDigits[cn]; len=Length[s]; half=Ceiling[len/2]; left=Take[s,half]; pal=Join[left,Reverse[ Take[left,Floor[len/2]]]]; fdpal=FromDigits[pal]; Which[cn==9,11,fdpal>cn,fdpal,True,left=IntegerDigits[ FromDigits[left]+1]; pal=Join[left,Reverse[Take[left,Floor[len/2]]]]; FromDigits[pal]]]; NestList[nLP,0,100] (* Harvey P. Dale, Dec 10 2024 *)
  • PARI
    is_A002113(n)=Vecrev(n=digits(n))==n \\ M. F. Hasler, Nov 17 2008, updated Apr 26 2014, Jun 19 2018
  • PARI
    is(n)=n=digits(n);for(i=1,#n\2,if(n[i]!=n[#n+1-i],return(0))); 1 \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Jan 04 2013
  • PARI
    a(n)={my(d,i,r);r=vector(#digits(n-10^(#digits(n\11)))+#digits(n\11));n=n-10^(#digits(n\11));d=digits(n);for(i=1,#d,r[i]=d[i];r[#r+1-i]=d[i]);sum(i=1,#r,10^(#r-i)*r[i])} \\ David A. Corneth, Jun 06 2014
  • PARI
    \\ recursive--feed an element a(n) and it gives a(n+1)
nxt(n)=my(d=digits(n));i=(#d+1)\2;while(i&&d[i]==9,d[i]=0;d[#d+1-i]=0;i--);if(i,d[i]++;d[#d+1-i]=d[i],d=vector(#d+1);d[1]=d[#d]=1);sum(i=1,#d,10^(#d-i)*d[i]) \\ David A. Corneth, Jun 06 2014
  • PARI
    \\ feed a(n), returns n.
inv(n)={my(d=digits(n));q=ceil(#d/2);sum(i=1,q,10^(q-i)*d[i])+10^floor(#d/2)} \\ David A. Corneth, Jun 18 2014
  • PARI
    inv_A002113(P)={P\(P=10^(logint(P+!P,10)\/2))+P} \\ index n of palindrome P = a(n), much faster than above: no sum is needed. - M. F. Hasler, Sep 09 2018
  • PARI
    A002113(n,L=logint(n,10))=(n-=L=10^max(L-(n<11*10^(L-1)),0))*L+fromdigits(Vecrev(digits(if(nM. F. Hasler, Sep 11 2018
  • Python
    # edited by M. F. Hasler, Jun 19 2018
def A002113_list(nMax):
  mlist=[]
  for n in range(nMax+1):
     mstr=str(n)
     if mstr==mstr[::-1]:
        mlist.append(n)
  return mlist # Bill McEachen, Dec 17 2010
  • Python
    from itertools import chain
A002113 = sorted(chain(map(lambda x:int(str(x)+str(x)[::-1]),range(1,10**3)),map(lambda x:int(str(x)+str(x)[-2::-1]), range(10**3)))) # Chai Wah Wu, Aug 09 2014
  • Python
    from itertools import chain, count
A002113 = chain(k for k in count(0) if str(k) == str(k)[::-1])
print([next(A002113) for k in range(60)]) # Jan P. Hartkopf, Apr 10 2021
  • Python
    is_A002113 = lambda n: (s:=str(n))[::-1]==s # M. F. Hasler, May 23 2024
  • Python
    from math import log10, floor
def A002113(n):
  if n < 2: return 0
  P = 10**floor(log10(n//2)); M = 11*P
  s = str(n - (P if n < M else M-P))
  return int(s + s[-2 if n < M else -1::-1]) # M. F. Hasler, Jun 06 2024
  • SageMath
    [n for n in (0..515) if Word(n.digits()).is_palindrome()] # Peter Luschny, Sep 13 2018
  • Scala
    def palQ(n: Int, b: Int = 10): Boolean = n - Integer.parseInt(n.toString.reverse) == 0
(0 to 999).filter(palQ()) // _Alonso del Arte, Nov 10 2019

Formula

A136522(a(n)) = 1.
A178788(a(n)) = 0 for n > 9. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Jun 30 2010
A064834(a(n)) = 0. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Sep 18 2013
a(n+1) = A262038(a(n)+1). - M. F. Hasler, Sep 09 2015
Sum_{n>=2} 1/a(n) = A118031. - Amiram Eldar, Oct 17 2020
a(n) = (floor(d(n)/(c(n)*9 + 1)))*10^A055642(d(n)) + A004086(d(n)) where b(n, k) = ceiling(log((n + 1)/k)/log(10)), c(n) = b(n, 2) - b(n, 11) and d(n) = (n - A086573(b(n*(2 - c(n)), 2) - 1)/2 - 1). - Alan Michael Gómez Calderón, Mar 11 2025

A087990 Number of palindromic divisors of n.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 2, 3, 2, 4, 2, 4, 3, 3, 2, 5, 1, 3, 3, 4, 1, 5, 1, 4, 3, 4, 1, 6, 2, 2, 3, 4, 1, 5, 1, 4, 4, 2, 3, 6, 1, 2, 2, 5, 1, 5, 1, 6, 4, 2, 1, 6, 2, 3, 2, 3, 1, 5, 4, 5, 2, 2, 1, 6, 1, 2, 4, 4, 2, 8, 1, 3, 2, 4, 1, 7, 1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 1, 5, 3, 2, 1, 6, 2, 2, 2, 8, 1, 6, 2, 3, 2, 2, 2, 6, 1, 3, 6, 4, 2, 4, 1, 4, 4
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Labos Elemer, Oct 08 2003

Keywords

Examples

			n=132: divisors={1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 11, 12, 22, 33, 44, 66, 132}, revdivisors={1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 11, 21, 22, 33, 44, 66, 231}, a[132]=10; so 10 of 12 divisors of n are palindromic: {1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 11, 22, 33, 44, 66}.

Links

Crossrefs

Cf. A062687, A087991, A088000, A118031.

Programs

Formula

Asymptotic mean: Limit_{m->oo} (1/m) * Sum_{k=1..m} a(k) = A118031 = 3.370283... . - Amiram Eldar, Jan 01 2024

A087991 Number of non-palindromic divisors of n.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2, 0, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2, 2, 3, 1, 3, 1, 0, 2, 2, 1, 4, 1, 3, 2, 3, 1, 3, 0, 3, 2, 2, 1, 6, 1, 2, 2, 3, 2, 0, 1, 3, 2, 4, 1, 5, 1, 2, 3, 3, 0, 4, 1, 5, 2, 2, 1, 6, 2, 2, 2, 0, 1, 6, 2, 3, 2, 2, 2, 6, 1, 3, 0, 5, 0, 4, 1, 4, 4
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Labos Elemer, Oct 08 2003

Keywords

Examples

			For n = 132: divisors = {1,2,3,4,6,11,12,22,33,44,66,132}, revdivisors = {1,2,3,4,6,11,21,22,33,44,66,231}, two of the 12 divisors of n are non-palindromic: {21,132}, so a(132) = 2.

Links

Crossrefs

Cf. A000005, A087990, A062687.
Cf. A001620, A118031.

Programs

Formula

a(n) = A000005(n) - A087990(n).
Sum_{k=1..n} a(k) ~ n * (log(n) + c), where c = 2*A001620 - 1 - A118031 = -3.2158519... . - Amiram Eldar, Apr 17 2025

A244162 Decimal expansion of the sum of the reciprocals of the binary palindromic numbers.

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 3, 7, 8, 7, 9, 5, 7, 0, 7, 5, 4, 1, 3, 6, 1, 0, 0, 2, 3, 3, 5, 3, 0, 1, 6, 8, 4, 4, 2, 8, 2, 5, 0, 6, 3, 2, 3, 5, 3, 2, 8, 0, 0, 8, 4, 4, 6, 5, 8, 5, 4, 5, 5, 9, 1, 8, 3, 8, 7, 8, 7, 2, 1, 0, 3, 2, 3, 4, 2, 0, 1, 6, 7, 8, 6, 5, 1, 5, 1, 4, 0, 8, 4, 6, 8, 6, 2
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Franklin T. Adams-Watters, Jun 21 2014

Keywords

Examples

			2.3787957...

Links

Crossrefs

Cf. A006995, A194097, A118031.

Extensions

First 8 terms from Lars Blomberg
Extended by Joseph Myers, Jun 26 2014

A118064 Decimal expansion of the sum of the reciprocals of the palindromic primes A002385 (Honaker's constant).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 3, 2, 3, 9, 8, 2, 1, 4, 6, 8, 0, 6
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Martin Renner, May 11 2006

Keywords

Comments

From Robert G. Wilson v, Nov 01 2010: (Start)
n \ sum to 10^n
02 1.267099567099567099567099567099567099567099567099567099567099567099567
03 1.320723244590290964212793334437872849720871258315369002493912638038324
05 1.323748402250648554164425746280035962754669829327727800040192015109270
07 1.323964105671202458016249150576217276147952428601889817773483085610332
09 1.323980718065525060936354534562000413901564393192688451911141729415146
11 1.323982026479475203850120990923294207966175748395470136325039323549015
13 1.323982136437462724794656629740867909978221153827990721566573347887836
15 1.323982145891606234777299440047139038371441916546100653011463101470839
17 1.323982146724859090645464845257681674740147563533254654075059843860490
19 1.323982146799188851138232927173756400348958236915409881890097448921521
21 1.323982146805857558347279363344557427339916178257233985191868031567947 (End)

Examples

			1.323982146806...

Links

Crossrefs

Cf. A002385, A160910, A181442, A050251, A118031, A194097.

Programs

  • Mathematica
    (* first obtain nextPalindrome from A007632 *) s = 1/11; c = 1; pp = 1; Do[ While[pp < 10^n, If[PrimeQ@ pp, c++; s = N[s + 1/pp, 64]]; pp = NextPalindrome@ pp]; If[ OddQ@ n, pp = 10^(n + 1); Print[{s, n, c}]], {n, 17}] (* Robert G. Wilson v, May 31 2009 *)
generate[n_] := Block[{id = IntegerDigits@n, insert = {{0}, {1}, {2}, {3}, {4}, {5}, {6}, {7}, {8}, {9}}}, FromDigits@ Join[id, #, Reverse@ id] & /@ insert]; sm = N[Plus @@ (1/{2, 3, 5, 7, 11}), 64]; k = 1; Do [While[k < 10^n, sm = N[sm + Plus @@ (1/Select[ generate@k, PrimeQ]), 128]; k++ ]; Print[{2 n + 1, sm}], {n, 9}] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Nov 01 2010 *)

Formula

Equals Sum_{p} 1/p, where p ranges over the palindromic primes.

Extensions

Corrected by Eric W. Weisstein, May 14 2006
More terms from Robert G. Wilson v, Nov 01 2010
Entry revised by N. J. A. Sloane, May 05 2013
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