A261132 -id:A261132 - cp's OEIS frontend

A262524 Numbers that can be represented as the sum of three base-10 palindromes in more ways than any smaller number. Position of records in A261132.

2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 110, 143, 165, 187, 303, 323, 345, 373, 383, 393, 413, 446, 454, 464, 474, 484, 494, 504, 514, 544, 565, 575, 585, 595, 605, 615, 635, 686, 696, 706, 716, 726, 736, 746, 797, 807, 817, 827, 837, 898, 908, 918, 928, 938, 948, 999, 1009

Offset: 1

Hugo Pfoertner, Sep 24 2015

The corresponding representation counts A261132(a(n)) are provided in A262525.

Hugo Pfoertner, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..851

Cf. A002113, A261132, A262525, A262526, A262527.

See A261422, A262544, A262545 for another approach.

A262525 Records in the number of ways to represent a number as the sum of three base-10 palindromes, A261132.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18, 22, 25, 28, 29, 30, 36, 37, 38, 40, 42, 47, 48, 49, 53, 56, 61, 65, 66, 74, 75, 76, 83, 92, 101, 104, 116, 119, 128, 143, 151, 166, 170, 173, 174, 197, 210, 231, 237, 243, 257, 278, 304, 315, 322, 323, 330, 363, 389, 402, 411, 434, 474, 490, 501, 524, 575

Offset: 1

Hugo Pfoertner, Sep 24 2015

The positions of the records are provided in A262524.

Hugo Pfoertner, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..851
Hugo Pfoertner, Logarithmic plot of A262525 vs A262524.

Cf. A002113, A261132, A262524, A262526, A262527.

See A261422, A262544, A262545 for another approach.

A002113 Palindromes in base 10.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66, 77, 88, 99, 101, 111, 121, 131, 141, 151, 161, 171, 181, 191, 202, 212, 222, 232, 242, 252, 262, 272, 282, 292, 303, 313, 323, 333, 343, 353, 363, 373, 383, 393, 404, 414, 424, 434, 444, 454, 464, 474, 484, 494, 505, 515

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane

n is a palindrome (i.e., a(k) = n for some k) if and only if n = A004086(n). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Mar 10 2002
It seems that if n*reversal(n) is in the sequence then n = 3 or all digits of n are less than 3. - Farideh Firoozbakht, Nov 02 2014
The position of a palindrome within the sequence can be determined almost without calculation: If the palindrome has an even number of digits, prepend a 1 to the front half of the palindrome's digits. If the number of digits is odd, prepend the value of front digit + 1 to the digits from position 2 ... central digit. Examples: 98766789 = a(19876), 515 = a(61), 8206028 = a(9206), 9230329 = a(10230). - Hugo Pfoertner, Aug 14 2015
This sequence is an additive basis of order at most 49, see Banks link. - Charles R Greathouse IV, Aug 23 2015
The order has been reduced from 49 to 3; see the Cilleruelo-Luca and Cilleruelo-Luca-Baxter links. - Jonathan Sondow, Nov 27 2017
See A262038 for the "next palindrome" and A261423 for the "preceding palindrome" functions. - M. F. Hasler, Sep 09 2015
The number of palindromes with d digits is 10 if d = 1, and otherwise it is 9 * 10^(floor((d - 1)/2)). - N. J. A. Sloane, Dec 06 2015
Sequence A033665 tells how many iterations of the Reverse-then-add function A056964 are needed to reach a palindrome; numbers for which this will never happen are Lychrel numbers (A088753) or rather Kin numbers (A023108). - M. F. Hasler, Apr 13 2019
This sequence is an additive basis of order 3, see Cilleruelo, Luca, & Baxter and Sigg. - Charles R Greathouse IV, Apr 08 2025

Karl G. Kröber, "Palindrome, Perioden und Chaoten: 66 Streifzüge durch die palindromischen Gefilde" (1997, Deutsch-Taschenbücher; Bd. 99) ISBN 3-8171-1522-9.
Clifford A. Pickover, A Passion for Mathematics, Wiley, 2005; see p. 71.
Alfred S. Posamentier, Math Charmers, Tantalizing Tidbits for the Mind, Prometheus Books, NY, 2003, pages 50-52.
Paulo Ribenboim, The Little Book of Bigger Primes, Springer-Verlag NY 2004. See p. 120.
N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

T. D. Noe, List of first 19999 palindromes: Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..19999
Hunki Baek, Sejeong Bang, Dongseok Kim, and Jaeun Lee, A bijection between aperiodic palindromes and connected circulant graphs, arXiv:1412.2426 [math.CO], 2014.
William D. Banks, Derrick N. Hart, and Mayumi Sakata, Almost all palindromes are composite, Math. Res. Lett., Vol. 11, No. 5-6 (2004), pp. 853-868.
William D. Banks, Every natural number is the sum of forty-nine palindromes, arXiv:1508.04721 [math.NT], 2015; Integers, 16 (2016), article A3.
Javier Cilleruelo, Florian Luca and Lewis Baxter, Every positive integer is a sum of three palindromes, Mathematics of Computation, Vol. 87, No. 314 (2018), pp. 3023-3055, arXiv preprint, arXiv:1602.06208 [math.NT], 2017.
Patrick De Geest, World of Numbers.
Kritkhajohn Onphaeng, Tammatada Khemaratchatakumthorn, Phakhinkon Napp Phunphayap, and Prapanpong Pongsriiam, Exact Formulas for the Number of Palindromes in Certain Arithmetic Progressions, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 27 (2024), Article 24.4.8. See p. 2.
Phakhinkon Phunphayap and Prapanpong Pongsriiam, Reciprocal sum of palindromes, arXiv:1803.00161 [math.CA], 2018.
Simon Plouffe, Approximations de séries génératrices et quelques conjectures, Dissertation, Université du Québec à Montréal, 1992; arXiv:0911.4975 [math.NT], 2009.
Simon Plouffe, 1031 Generating Functions, Appendix to Thesis, Montreal, 1992
Prapanpong Pongsriiam and Kittipong Subwattanachai, Exact Formulas for the Number of Palindromes up to a Given Positive Integer, Intl. J. of Math. Comp. Sci. (2019) 14:1, 27-46.
E. A. Schmidt, Positive Integer Palindromes. [Cached copy at the Wayback Machine]
Markus Sigg, On a conjecture of John Hoffman regarding sums of palindromic numbers, arXiv preprint (2015). arXiv:1510.07507 [math.NT]
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Palindromic Number.
Wikipedia, Palindromic number.
Index entries for sequences that are an additive basis, order 3.
Index entries for sequences related to palindromes
Index entries for "core" sequences

Subsequence of A061917 and A221221.
A110745 is a subsequence.
Union of A056524 and A056525.
Palindromes in bases 2 through 11: A006995 and A057148, A014190 and A118594, A014192 and A118595, A029952 and A118596, A029953 and A118597, A029954 and A118598, A029803 and A118599, A029955 and A118600, this sequence, A029956. Also A262065 (base 60), A262069 (subsequence).
Palindromic primes: A002385. Palindromic nonprimes: A032350.
Palindromic-pi: A136687.
Cf. A029742 (complement), A086862 (first differences).
Palindromic floor function: A261423, also A261424. Palindromic ceiling: A262038.
Cf. A004086 (read n backwards), A064834, A118031, A136522 (characteristic function), A178788.
Ways to write n as a sum of three palindromes: A261132, A261422.
Minimal number of palindromes that add to n using greedy algorithm: A088601.
Minimal number of palindromes that add to n: A261675.

Filtered([0..550],n->ListOfDigits(n)=Reversed(ListOfDigits(n))); # Muniru A Asiru, Mar 08 2019

a002113 n = a002113_list !! (n-1)
  a002113_list = filter ((== 1) . a136522) [1..] -- Reinhard Zumkeller, Oct 09 2011

import Data.List.Ordered (union)
  a002113_list = union a056524_list a056525_list -- Reinhard Zumkeller, Jul 29 2015, Dec 28 2011

[n: n in [0..600] | Intseq(n, 10) eq Reverse(Intseq(n, 10))]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Nov 03 2014

read transforms; t0:=[]; for n from 0 to 2000 do if digrev(n) = n then t0:=[op(t0),n]; fi; od: t0;
# Alternatively, to get all palindromes with <= N digits in the list "Res":
N:=5;
Res:= $0..9:
for d from 2 to N do
  if d::even then
    m:= d/2;
    Res:= Res, seq(n*10^m + digrev(n),n=10^(m-1)..10^m-1);
  else
    m:= (d-1)/2;
    Res:= Res, seq(seq(n*10^(m+1)+y*10^m+digrev(n),y=0..9),n=10^(m-1)..10^m-1);
  fi
od: Res:=[Res]: # Robert Israel, Aug 10 2014
# A variant: Gets all base-10 palindromes with exactly d digits, in the list "Res"
d:=4:
if d=1 then Res:= [$0..9]:
elif d::even then
    m:= d/2:
    Res:= [seq(n*10^m + digrev(n), n=10^(m-1)..10^m-1)]:
else
    m:= (d-1)/2:
    Res:= [seq(seq(n*10^(m+1)+y*10^m+digrev(n), y=0..9), n=10^(m-1)..10^m-1)]:
fi:
Res; # N. J. A. Sloane, Oct 18 2015
isA002113 := proc(n)
    simplify(digrev(n) = n) ;
end proc: # R. J. Mathar, Sep 09 2015

palQ[n_Integer, base_Integer] := Module[{idn = IntegerDigits[n, base]}, idn == Reverse[idn]]; (* then to generate any base-b sequence for 1 < b < 37, replace the 10 in the following instruction with b: *) Select[Range[0, 1000], palQ[#, 10] &]
base10Pals = {0}; r = 2; Do[Do[AppendTo[base10Pals, n * 10^(IntegerLength[n] - 1) + FromDigits@Rest@Reverse@IntegerDigits[n]], {n, 10^(e - 1), 10^e - 1}]; Do[AppendTo[base10Pals, n * 10^IntegerLength[n] + FromDigits@Reverse@IntegerDigits[n]], {n, 10^(e - 1), 10^e - 1}], {e, r}]; base10Pals (* Arkadiusz Wesolowski, May 04 2012 *)
nthPalindromeBase[n_, b_] := Block[{q = n + 1 - b^Floor[Log[b, n + 1 - b^Floor[Log[b, n/b]]]], c = Sum[Floor[Floor[n/((b + 1) b^(k - 1) - 1)]/(Floor[n/((b + 1) b^(k - 1) - 1)] - 1/b)] - Floor[Floor[n/(2 b^k - 1)]/(Floor[n/(2 b^k - 1)] - 1/ b)], {k, Floor[Log[b, n]]}]}, Mod[q, b] (b + 1)^c * b^Floor[Log[b, q]] + Sum[Floor[Mod[q, b^(k + 1)]/b^k] b^(Floor[Log[b, q]] - k) (b^(2 k + c) + 1), {k, Floor[Log[b, q]]}]] (* after the work of Eric A. Schmidt, works for all integer bases b > 2 *)
Array[nthPalindromeBase[#, 10] &, 61, 0] (* please note that Schmidt uses a different, a more natural and intuitive offset, that of a(1) = 1. - Robert G. Wilson v, Sep 22 2014 and modified Nov 28 2014 *)
Select[Range[10^3], PalindromeQ] (* Michael De Vlieger, Nov 27 2017 *)
nLP[cn_Integer]:=Module[{s,len,half,left,pal,fdpal},s=IntegerDigits[cn]; len=Length[s]; half=Ceiling[len/2]; left=Take[s,half]; pal=Join[left,Reverse[ Take[left,Floor[len/2]]]]; fdpal=FromDigits[pal]; Which[cn==9,11,fdpal>cn,fdpal,True,left=IntegerDigits[ FromDigits[left]+1]; pal=Join[left,Reverse[Take[left,Floor[len/2]]]]; FromDigits[pal]]]; NestList[nLP,0,100] (* Harvey P. Dale, Dec 10 2024 *)

is_A002113(n)=Vecrev(n=digits(n))==n \\ M. F. Hasler, Nov 17 2008, updated Apr 26 2014, Jun 19 2018

is(n)=n=digits(n);for(i=1,#n\2,if(n[i]!=n[#n+1-i],return(0))); 1 \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Jan 04 2013

a(n)={my(d,i,r);r=vector(#digits(n-10^(#digits(n\11)))+#digits(n\11));n=n-10^(#digits(n\11));d=digits(n);for(i=1,#d,r[i]=d[i];r[#r+1-i]=d[i]);sum(i=1,#r,10^(#r-i)*r[i])} \\ David A. Corneth, Jun 06 2014

\\ recursive--feed an element a(n) and it gives a(n+1)
nxt(n)=my(d=digits(n));i=(#d+1)\2;while(i&&d[i]==9,d[i]=0;d[#d+1-i]=0;i--);if(i,d[i]++;d[#d+1-i]=d[i],d=vector(#d+1);d[1]=d[#d]=1);sum(i=1,#d,10^(#d-i)*d[i]) \\ David A. Corneth, Jun 06 2014

\\ feed a(n), returns n.
inv(n)={my(d=digits(n));q=ceil(#d/2);sum(i=1,q,10^(q-i)*d[i])+10^floor(#d/2)} \\ David A. Corneth, Jun 18 2014

inv_A002113(P)={P\(P=10^(logint(P+!P,10)\/2))+P} \\ index n of palindrome P = a(n), much faster than above: no sum is needed. - M. F. Hasler, Sep 09 2018

A002113(n,L=logint(n,10))=(n-=L=10^max(L-(n<11*10^(L-1)),0))*L+fromdigits(Vecrev(digits(if(nM. F. Hasler, Sep 11 2018

# edited by M. F. Hasler, Jun 19 2018
def A002113_list(nMax):
  mlist=[]
  for n in range(nMax+1):
     mstr=str(n)
     if mstr==mstr[::-1]:
        mlist.append(n)
  return mlist # Bill McEachen, Dec 17 2010

from itertools import chain
A002113 = sorted(chain(map(lambda x:int(str(x)+str(x)[::-1]),range(1,10**3)),map(lambda x:int(str(x)+str(x)[-2::-1]), range(10**3)))) # Chai Wah Wu, Aug 09 2014

from itertools import chain, count
A002113 = chain(k for k in count(0) if str(k) == str(k)[::-1])
print([next(A002113) for k in range(60)]) # Jan P. Hartkopf, Apr 10 2021

is_A002113 = lambda n: (s:=str(n))[::-1]==s # M. F. Hasler, May 23 2024

from math import log10, floor
def A002113(n):
  if n < 2: return 0
  P = 10**floor(log10(n//2)); M = 11*P
  s = str(n - (P if n < M else M-P))
  return int(s + s[-2 if n < M else -1::-1]) # M. F. Hasler, Jun 06 2024

[n for n in (0..515) if Word(n.digits()).is_palindrome()] # Peter Luschny, Sep 13 2018

def palQ(n: Int, b: Int = 10): Boolean = n - Integer.parseInt(n.toString.reverse) == 0
(0 to 999).filter(palQ()) // _Alonso del Arte, Nov 10 2019

A136522(a(n)) = 1.
A178788(a(n)) = 0 for n > 9. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Jun 30 2010
A064834(a(n)) = 0. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Sep 18 2013
a(n+1) = A262038(a(n)+1). - M. F. Hasler, Sep 09 2015
Sum_{n>=2} 1/a(n) = A118031. - Amiram Eldar, Oct 17 2020
a(n) = (floor(d(n)/(c(n)*9 + 1)))*10^A055642(d(n)) + A004086(d(n)) where b(n, k) = ceiling(log((n + 1)/k)/log(10)), c(n) = b(n, 2) - b(n, 11) and d(n) = (n - A086573(b(n*(2 - c(n)), 2) - 1)/2 - 1). - Alan Michael Gómez Calderón, Mar 11 2025

A261422 Number of ordered triples (u,v,w) of palindromes such that u+v+w=n.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 3, 6, 10, 15, 21, 28, 36, 45, 55, 63, 72, 79, 84, 87, 88, 87, 84, 79, 72, 66, 55, 51, 45, 40, 36, 33, 31, 30, 30, 30, 33, 27, 34, 33, 33, 33, 33, 33, 33, 33, 33, 36, 27, 39, 36, 36, 36, 36, 36, 36, 36, 36, 39, 27, 45, 39, 39, 39, 39, 39, 39, 39, 39, 42, 27, 52, 42, 42, 42, 42, 42, 42, 42, 42, 45

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane, Aug 27 2015

It is known that a(n)>0 for all n.

			4 can be written as a sum of three palindromes in 15 ways: 4+0+0 (3 ways), 3+1+0 (6 ways), 2+2+0 (3 ways), and 2+1+1 (3 ways), so a(4)=15.

N. J. A. Sloane, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..10000 (See also the extended file with 200000 terms below)
William D. Banks, Every natural number is the sum of forty-nine palindromes, arXiv:1508.04721 [math.NT], 2015. [Establishes the much weaker result that the coefficients of P(x)^49 are positive (see Formula section below).]
Javier Cilleruelo and Florian Luca, Every positive integer is a sum of three palindromes, arXiv: 1602.06208 [math.NT], 2016-2017.
Erich Friedman, Problem of the Month (June 1999)
N. J. A. Sloane, Table of n, a(n) for n=0..200000
N. J. A. Sloane, Maple program to produce 200000 terms

Cf. A002113. Differs from A261132, which assumes 0 <= u <= v <= w.

For records see A262544, A262545.

(* This program is not suitable to compute a large number of terms. *)
compositions[n_, k_] := Flatten[Permutations[PadLeft[#, k]]& /@ IntegerPartitions[n, k], 1];
a[n_] := Select[compositions[n, 3], AllTrue[#, PalindromeQ]&] // Length;
Table[a[n], {n, 0, 100}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Aug 05 2018 *)

G.f. = P(x)^3, where P(x) = 1 + x + x^2 + x^3 + x^4 + x^5 + x^6 + x^7 + x^8 + x^9 + x^11 + x^22 + x^33 + x^44 + x^55 + x^66 + x^77 + x^88 + x^99 + x^101 + x^111 + ... = Sum_{palindromes p} x^p.

A319453 Number T(n,k) of partitions of n into exactly k nonzero decimal palindromes; triangle T(n,k), n>=0, 0<=k<=n, read by rows.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 2, 1, 1, 0, 1, 2, 2, 1, 1, 0, 1, 3, 3, 2, 1, 1, 0, 1, 3, 4, 3, 2, 1, 1, 0, 1, 4, 5, 5, 3, 2, 1, 1, 0, 1, 4, 7, 6, 5, 3, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0, 5, 8, 9, 7, 5, 3, 2, 1, 1, 0, 1, 4, 10, 11, 10, 7, 5, 3, 2, 1, 1, 0, 0, 5, 11, 15, 13, 11, 7, 5, 3, 2, 1, 1

Offset: 0

Alois P. Heinz, Sep 19 2018

Differs from A008284 and from A072233 first at T(10,1) = 0.

			Triangle T(n,k) begins:
  1;
  0, 1;
  0, 1, 1;
  0, 1, 1,  1;
  0, 1, 2,  1,  1;
  0, 1, 2,  2,  1,  1;
  0, 1, 3,  3,  2,  1,  1;
  0, 1, 3,  4,  3,  2,  1, 1;
  0, 1, 4,  5,  5,  3,  2, 1, 1;
  0, 1, 4,  7,  6,  5,  3, 2, 1, 1;
  0, 0, 5,  8,  9,  7,  5, 3, 2, 1, 1;
  0, 1, 4, 10, 11, 10,  7, 5, 3, 2, 1, 1;
  0, 0, 5, 11, 15, 13, 11, 7, 5, 3, 2, 1, 1;
  ...

Alois P. Heinz, Rows n = 0..200, flattened

Columns k=0-10 give: A000007, A136522 (for n>0), A319468, A261131, A319469, A319470, A319471, A319472, A319473, A319474, A319475.
Row sums give A091580.
T(2n,n) gives A319454.
Cf. A002113, A008284, A072233, A261132.

p:= proc(n) option remember; local i, s; s:= ""||n;
      for i to iquo(length(s), 2) do if
        s[i]<>s[-i] then return false fi od; true
    end:
h:= proc(n) option remember; `if`(n<1, 0,
     `if`(p(n), n, h(n-1)))
    end:
b:= proc(n, i) option remember; `if`(n=0 or i=1, x^n,
      b(n, h(i-1))+expand(x*b(n-i, h(min(n-i, i)))))
    end:
T:= n-> (p-> seq(coeff(p, x, i), i=0..n))(b(n, h(n))):
seq(T(n), n=0..14);

T(n,k) = [x^n y^k] 1/Product_{j>=2} (1-y*x^A002113(j)).

Sum_{k=0..3} T(n,k) = A261132(n).

A341156 Number of partitions of n into 3 distinct nonzero decimal palindromes.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 7, 9, 9, 10, 9, 10, 8, 8, 7, 6, 4, 4, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 4, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 4, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6

Offset: 6

Ilya Gutkovskiy, Feb 06 2021

Alois P. Heinz, Table of n, a(n) for n = 6..20000

Cf. A002113, A136522, A261131, A261132, A261422, A341155, A341157, A341158, A341159.

A088601 Number of steps to reach 0 when iterating A261424(x) = x - (the largest palindrome less than x), starting at n.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 3, 1, 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2

Offset: 1

Amarnath Murthy, Oct 13 2003

The sequence "minimum number of palindromes that sum up to n", A261675, coincides with this sequence up to a(301). But then a(302) = 3 since 302 = 292 + 9 + 1, whereas 302 = 111 + 191.
While it has been conjectured [proved by Cilleruelo & Luca, 2016 -Ed.] that every number can be represented as a sum of at most 3 palindromes, the terms of this sequence, which correspond to a greedy representation, can be larger than 3 (see A109326). For example, 1022 can be represented as 33 + 989, but a(1022) = 4, because the greedy decomposition gives 1022 = 1001 + 11 + 9 + 1. - Giovanni Resta, Aug 20 2015
Presumably this sequence is unbounded (compare A109326). - N. J. A. Sloane, Sep 02 2015
This sequence is unbounded. Let n(1) := 1. To construct n(j+1), take a natural number m with 10^m > n(j) and set n(j+1) := 10^(2m) + 1 + n(j). Then a(n(j)) = j. - Markus Sigg, Oct 26 2015
In A109326 an explicit formula for a smaller (conjectured sharp) upper bound was already given earlier. - M. F. Hasler, Sep 09 2018

			a(10) = 2: f(10) = 10-9 = 1, f(1) = 1-1 = 0, two steps.

Giovanni Resta, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
William D. Banks, Every natural number is the sum of forty-nine palindromes, arXiv:1508.04721 [math.NT], 2015 and INTEGERS 16 (2016) A3
Javier Cilleruelo, Florian Luca and Lewis Baxter, Every positive integer is a sum of three palindromes, arXiv:1602.06208 [math.NT], 2016-2017.
M. F. Hasler, Sum of palindromes, OEIS wiki, Sept. 2015
Markus Sigg, On a conjecture of John Hoffman regarding sums of palindromic numbers, arXiv:1510.07507 [math.NT], 2015.

Cf. A109326 gives index of first occurrence of n in this sequence ("greedy inverse").

Cf. A002113, A261132, A261422, A261423, A261424.

# From N. J. A. Sloane, Aug 28 2015
# P has list of palindromes
palfloor:=proc(n) global P; local i;
for i from 1 to nops(P) do
   if P[i]=n then return(n); fi;
   if P[i]>n then return(P[i-1]); fi;
od:
end;
GA:=proc(n) global P,palfloor; local a,i,k;
a:=1; k:=n;
for i from 1 to 30 do
  if k-palfloor(k)=0 then return(a);
  else k:=k-palfloor(k); a:=a+1; fi;
od; end;
[seq(GA(n),n=0..200)];

Length@ NestWhileList[f, #, # > 0 &] & /@ Range@ 105 - 1 (* Michael De Vlieger, Oct 26 2015 *)

ispal(n) = my(d=digits(n)); Vecrev(d)==d;
fp(n) = {while(!ispal(n), n--); n;}
a(n) = {nb = 0; while (n, n -= fp(n); nb++); nb;} \\ Michel Marcus, Aug 20 2015
/* The above fp() is extremely inefficient already for mid-sized numbers. The PARI function A261423 should be preferred.*/

A088601(n)=for(i=1,oo,(n-=A261423(n))||return(i)) \\ M. F. Hasler, Sep 09 2018

def P(n):
    s = str(n); h = s[:(len(s)+1)//2]; return int(h + h[-1-len(s)%2::-1])
def A261423(n):
    s = str(n)
    if s == '1'+'0'*(len(s)-1) and n > 1: return n - 1
    Pn = P(n)
    return Pn if Pn <= n else P(n - 10**(len(s)//2))
def A088601(n): return 0 if n == 0 else 1 + A088601(n - A261423(n))
print([A088601(n) for n in range(1, 106)]) # Michael S. Branicky, Jul 12 2021

a(n) < log_2(log_10(n)) + 3. - M. F. Hasler, Sep 09 2018

More terms from David Wasserman, Aug 11 2005

A341192 Number of ways to write n as an ordered sum of 3 nonzero decimal palindromes.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 3, 6, 10, 15, 21, 28, 36, 45, 52, 60, 66, 70, 72, 72, 70, 66, 60, 55, 45, 39, 34, 30, 27, 25, 24, 24, 24, 27, 27, 25, 27, 27, 27, 27, 27, 27, 27, 27, 30, 27, 27, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 33, 27, 30, 33, 33, 33, 33, 33, 33, 33, 33, 36, 27, 34, 36, 36, 36, 36

Offset: 3

Ilya Gutkovskiy, Feb 06 2021

Alois P. Heinz, Table of n, a(n) for n = 3..20000

Cf. A002113, A136522, A261131, A261132, A261422, A341156, A341191, A341193.

nmax = 70; CoefficientList[Series[Sum[Boole[PalindromeQ[k]] x^k, {k, 1, nmax}]^3, {x, 0, nmax}], x] // Drop[#, 3] &

A261131 Number of ways to write n as the sum of 3 positive palindromes.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13, 13, 15, 14, 15, 14, 14, 12, 12, 9, 9, 8, 7, 6, 6, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 5, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 6, 5, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7, 5, 8, 7, 7, 7, 7, 7

Offset: 0

Giovanni Resta, Aug 10 2015

Conjecture: a(n) > 0 for n > 2, i.e., every number greater than 2 can be written as the sum of 3 positive palindromes.

The conjecture is true (see links). - Giorgos Kalogeropoulos, May 10 2025

			a(28) = 5 since 28 can be expressed in 5 ways as the sum of 3 positive palindromes, namely, 28 = 22+5+1 = 22+4+2 = 22+3+3 = 11+11+6 = 11+9+8.

Giovanni Resta, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..10000
Javier Cilleruelo, Florian Luca, Lewis Baxter, Every positive integer is a sum of three palindromes, arXiv:1602.06208, 2017.

Cf. A002113, A260254, A261132.

Column k=3 of A319453.

p:= proc(n) option remember; local i, s; s:= ""||n;
      for i to iquo(length(s), 2) do if
        s[i]<>s[-i] then return false fi od; true
    end:
h:= proc(n) option remember; `if`(n<1, 0,
     `if`(p(n), n, h(n-1)))
    end:
b:= proc(n, i, t) option remember; `if`(n=0, 1, `if`(i<1 or
      t<1, 0, b(n, h(i-1), t)+b(n-i, h(min(n-i, i)), t-1)))
    end:
a:= n-> (k-> b(n, h(n), k)-b(n, h(n), k-1))(3):
seq(a(n), n=0..120);  # Alois P. Heinz, Sep 19 2018

pal=Select[Range@ 1000, (d = IntegerDigits@ #; d == Reverse@ d)&]; a[n_] := Length@ IntegerPartitions[n, {3}, pal]; a /@ Range[0, 1000]
Table[Count[IntegerPartitions[n,{3}],?(AllTrue[#,PalindromeQ]&)],{n,0,90}] (* Requires Mathematica version 10 or later *) (* _Harvey P. Dale, Mar 26 2021 *)

A262544 Records in A261422.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 3, 6, 10, 15, 21, 28, 36, 45, 55, 63, 72, 79, 84, 87, 88, 117, 126, 135, 142, 147, 150, 151, 153, 156, 159, 162, 168, 177, 198, 207, 213, 216, 219, 222, 226, 231, 261, 264, 270, 279, 297, 318, 342, 369, 375, 426, 429, 465, 513, 567, 591, 660, 663, 678, 681, 729, 820, 870, 963, 982, 1005

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane, Oct 06 2015

nonn

N. J. A. Sloane and Hugo Pfoertner, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..869 (first 257 terms from N. J. A. Sloane)
Hugo Pfoertner, Logarithmic plot of A262544 vs A262545.

Cf. A261132, A261422, A262545, A262524, A262525, A262526, A262527.

cp's OEIS Frontend

A262524 Numbers that can be represented as the sum of three base-10 palindromes in more ways than any smaller number. Position of records in A261132.

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A262525 Records in the number of ways to represent a number as the sum of three base-10 palindromes, A261132.

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A002113 Palindromes in base 10.

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A261422 Number of ordered triples (u,v,w) of palindromes such that u+v+w=n.

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A319453 Number T(n,k) of partitions of n into exactly k nonzero decimal palindromes; triangle T(n,k), n>=0, 0<=k<=n, read by rows.

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A341156 Number of partitions of n into 3 distinct nonzero decimal palindromes.

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A088601 Number of steps to reach 0 when iterating A261424(x) = x - (the largest palindrome less than x), starting at n.

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