A000664 -id:A000664 - cp's OEIS frontend

A000568 Number of outcomes of unlabeled n-team round-robin tournaments.

1, 1, 1, 2, 4, 12, 56, 456, 6880, 191536, 9733056, 903753248, 154108311168, 48542114686912, 28401423719122304, 31021002160355166848, 63530415842308265100288, 244912778438520759443245824, 1783398846284777975419600287232, 24605641171260376770598003978281472

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane

Harary and Palmer give incorrect values for a(24) and a(25); the correct values are a(24) = 195692027657521876084316842660833482785173437775365039898624 and a(25) = 131326696677895002131450257709457767457170027052967027982788816896. - Vladeta Jovovic, Apr 08 2001

a(n) appears to be the number of even graphs with n vertices; see comment in A334335. - Pontus von Brömssen, May 05 2020 [This has been proved by Royle et al. 2023. - Pontus von Brömssen, Apr 06 2022]

R. L. Davis, Structure of dominance relations, Bull. Math. Biophys., 16 (1954), 131-140.
J. L. Gross and J. Yellen, eds., Handbook of Graph Theory, CRC Press, 2004; p. 157 and 523.
F. Harary and E. M. Palmer, Graphical Enumeration, Academic Press, NY, 1973, pp. 126 and 245.
J. W. Moon, Topics on Tournaments. Holt, NY, 1968, p. 87.
K. B. Reid and L. W. Beineke "Tournaments", pp. 169-204 in L. W. Beineke and R. J. Wilson, editors, Selected Topics in Graph Theory, Academic Press, NY, 1978.
N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Keith Briggs, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..76
P. J. Cameron, Sequences realized by oligomorphic permutation groups, J. Integ. Seqs. Vol. 3 (2000), #00.1.5.
Cropper, Sebrina Ruth, Ranking Score Vectors of Tournaments (2011). All Graduate Reports and Creative Projects. Paper 91. Utah State University, School of Graduate Studies.
R. L. Davis, Structure of dominance relations, Bull. Math. Biophys., 16 (1954), 131-140. [Annotated scanned copy]
D. S. Dummit, E. P. Dummit, and H. Kisilevsky, Characterizations of quadratic, cubic, and quartic residue matrices, arXiv preprint arXiv:1512.06480 [math.NT], 2015.
Robert A. Laird and Brandon S. Schamp, Calculating Competitive Intransitivity: Computational Challenges, The American Naturalist (2018), Vol. 191, No. 4, 547-552.
Robert A. Laird and Brandon S. Schamp, Exploring the performance of intransitivity indices in predicting coexistence in multispecies systems, Journal of Ecology (2018) Vol. 106, Issue 3, 815-825.
Brendan McKay, Combinatorial Data.
John W. Moon, Topics on tournaments, Holt, Rinehard and Winston (1968), see page 115.
J. W. Moon and M. Goldberg, On the composition of two tournaments, Duke Mathematical Journal, vol.37, no.2 (1970), pp.323-332. (subscription required)
J. W. Moon and M. Goldberg, On the composition of two tournaments, Duke Mathematical Journal 37.2 (1970): 323-332. [Annotated scans of pages 331 and 332 only]
Vladimír Müller, Jaroslav Nešetřil, and Jan Pelant, Either tournaments or algebras?, Discrete Math. 11 (1975), 37-66. [Annotated copy] See table 1 on page 65.
Gordon F. Royle, Cheryl E. Praeger, S. P. Glasby, Saul D. Freedman, and Alice Devillers, Tournaments and even graphs are equinumerous, Journal of Algebraic Combinatorics 57 (2023), 515-524; arXiv version, arXiv:2204.01947 [math.CO], 2022.
N. J. A. Sloane, Annotated scan of John Moon's tables of tournaments on up to 6 nodes
N. J. A. Sloane, Illustration of first 5 terms
N. J. A. Sloane, A second Maple program for A000568
Peter Steinbach, Field Guide to Simple Graphs, Volume 4, Part 11 (For Volumes 1, 2, 3, 4 of this book see A000088, A008406, A000055, A000664, respectively.)
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Tournament
Raphael Yuster, On tournament inversion, arXiv:2312.01910 [math.CO], 2023.
Tianwei Zhang and Stefan Szeider, Searching for Smallest Universal Graphs and Tournaments with SAT, 29th Int'l Conf. Princ. Prac. Constraint Programming (CP 2023) Art. No. 39, 39:1-39:20.
Index entries for sequences related to tournaments

Cf. A006125 for the labeled analog, A051337.

Euler transform of A334335.

with(combinat):with(numtheory): for n from 1 to 30 do p:=partition(n): s:=0:for k from 1 to nops(p) do ex:=1:for i from 1 to nops(p[k]) do if p[k][i] mod 2=0 then ex:=0:break:fi:od:
if ex=1 then q:=convert(p[k],multiset): for i from 1 to n do a(i):=0:od:for i from 1 to nops(q) do a(q[i][1]):=q[i][2]:od:
c:=1:ord:=1:for i from 1 to n do c:=c*a(i)!*i^a(i): if a(i)<>0 then ord:=lcm(ord,i):fi:od: g:=0:for d from 1 to ord do if ord mod d=0 then g1:=0:for del from 1 to n do if d mod del=0 then g1:=g1+del*a(del):fi:od:g:=g+phi(ord/d)*g1*(g1-1):fi:od: s:=s+2^(g/ord/2)/c:fi:
od: print(n,s); od: # Vladeta Jovovic

permcount[v_] := Module[{m = 1, s = 0, k = 0, t}, For[i = 1, i <= Length[v], i++, t = v[[i]]; k = If[i > 1 && t == v[[i - 1]], k + 1, 1]; m *= t*k; s += t]; s!/m];
edges[v_] := Sum[Sum[GCD[v[[i]], v[[j]]], {j, 1, i-1}], {i, 2, Length[v]}] + Sum[Quotient[v[[i]], 2], {i, 1, Length[v]}];
oddp[v_] := (For[i = 1, i <= Length[v], i++, If[BitAnd[v[[i]], 1] == 0, Return[0]]]; 1);
a[n_] := a[n] = (s = 0; Do[If[oddp[p] == 1, s += permcount[p]*2^edges[p]], {p, IntegerPartitions[n]}]; s/n!);
Table[Print["a(", n, ") = ", a[n]]; a[n], {n, 0, 25}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Nov 13 2017, after Andrew Howroyd *)

permcount(v) = {my(m=1,s=0,k=0,t); for(i=1,#v,t=v[i]; k=if(i>1&&t==v[i-1],k+1,1); m*=t*k;s+=t); s!/m}
edges(v) = {sum(i=2, #v, sum(j=1, i-1, gcd(v[i],v[j]))) + sum(i=1, #v, v[i]\2)}
oddp(v) = {for(i=1, #v, if(bitand(v[i],1)==0, return(0)));1}
a(n) = {my(s=0); forpart(p=n, if(oddp(p), s+=permcount(p)*2^edges(p))); s/n!} \\ Andrew Howroyd, Oct 22 2017

from itertools import product
from math import prod, factorial, gcd
from fractions import Fraction
from sympy.utilities.iterables import partitions
def A000568(n): return int(sum(Fraction(1<<(sum(p[r]*p[s]*gcd(r,s) for r,s in product(p.keys(),repeat=2))-sum(p.values())>>1),prod(q**p[q]*factorial(p[q]) for q in p)) for p in partitions(n) if all(q&1 for q in p))) # Chai Wah Wu, Jul 01 2024

Davis's formula: a(n) = Sum_{j} (1/(Product (k^(j_k) (j_k)!))) * 2^{t_j},
where j runs through all partitions of n into odd parts, say with j_1 parts of size 1, j_3 parts of size 3, etc.,
and t_j = (1/2)*[ Sum_{r=1..n, s=1..n} j_r j_s gcd(r,s) - Sum_{r} j_r ].

More terms from Vladeta Jovovic

A000014 Number of series-reduced trees with n nodes.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 5, 10, 14, 26, 42, 78, 132, 249, 445, 842, 1561, 2988, 5671, 10981, 21209, 41472, 81181, 160176, 316749, 629933, 1256070, 2515169, 5049816, 10172638, 20543579, 41602425, 84440886, 171794492, 350238175, 715497037, 1464407113

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane

Other terms for "series-reduced tree": (i) homeomorphically irreducible tree, (ii) homeomorphically reduced tree, (iii) reduced tree, (iv) topological tree.

In a series-reduced tree, vertices cannot have degree 2; they can be leaves or have >= 2 branches.

			G.f. = x + x^2 + x^4 + x^5 + 2*x^6 + 2*x^7 + 4*x^8 + 5*x^9 + 10*x^10 + ...
The star graph with n nodes (except for n=3) is a series-reduced tree. For n=6 the other series-reduced tree is shaped like the letter H. - _Michael Somos_, Dec 19 2014

F. Bergeron, G. Labelle and P. Leroux, Combinatorial Species and Tree-Like Structures, Camb. 1998, p. 284.
D. G. Cantor, personal communication.
F. Harary, Graph Theory. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1969, p. 232.
F. Harary and E. M. Palmer, Graphical Enumeration, Academic Press, NY, 1973, p. 62, Fig. 3.3.3.
J. L. Gross and J. Yellen, eds., Handbook of Graph Theory, CRC Press, 2004; p. 526.
N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Matthew Parker, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1000 (first 501 terms from Christian G. Bower)
David Callan, A sign-reversing involution to count labeled lone-child-avoiding trees, arXiv:1406.7784 [math.CO], 30 June 2014.
Ira M. Gessel, Good Will Hunting's Problem: Counting Homeomorphically Irreducible Trees, arXiv:2305.03157 [math.CO], 2023.
James Grime and Brady Haran, The problem in Good Will Hunting, 2013 (Numberphile video).
Frank Harary and Geert Prins, The number of homeomorphically irreducible trees and other species, Acta Math., 101 (1959), 141-162.
F. Harary, R. W. Robinson and A. J. Schwenk, Twenty-step algorithm for determining the asymptotic number of trees of various species, J. Austral. Math. Soc., Series A, 20 (1975), 483-503.
F. Harary, R. W. Robinson and A. J. Schwenk, Corrigenda: Twenty-step algorithm for determining the asymptotic number of trees of various species, J. Austral. Math. Soc., Series A 41 (1986), p. 325.
P. Leroux and B. Miloudi, Généralisations de la formule d'Otter, Ann. Sci. Math. Québec, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 53-80, 1992. (Annotated scanned copy)
B. D. McKay, Lists of Trees sorted by diameter and Homeomorphically irreducible trees, with <= 22 nodes.
B. D. McKay, Lists of Trees sorted by diameter and Homeomorphically irreducible trees, with <= 22 nodes. [Cached copy of top page only, pdf file, no active links, with permission]
Matthew Parker, The first 2000 terms (7-Zip compressed file)
A. J. Schwenk, Letter to N. J. A. Sloane, Aug 1972
N. J. A. Sloane, Illustration of initial terms
Peter Steinbach, Field Guide to Simple Graphs, Volume 1, Part 17 (For Volumes 1, 2, 3, 4 of this book see A000088, A008406, A000055, A000664, respectively.)
Peter Steinbach, Field Guide to Simple Graphs, Volume 3, Part 12 (For Volumes 1, 2, 3, 4 of this book see A000088, A008406, A000055, A000664, respectively.)
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Series-Reduced Tree
Index entries for sequences related to trees
Index entries for "core" sequences

Cf. A000055 (trees), A001678 (series-reduced planted trees), A007827 (series-reduced trees by leaves), A271205 (series-reduced trees by leaves and nodes).

with(powseries): with(combstruct): n := 30: Order := n+3: sys := {B = Prod(C,Z), S = Set(B,1 <= card), C = Union(Z,S)}:
G001678 := (convert(gfseries(sys,unlabeled,x) [S(x)], polynom)) * x^2: G0temp := G001678 + x^2:
G059123 := G0temp / x + G0temp - (G0temp^2+eval(G0temp,x=x^2))/(2*x):
G000014 := ((x-1)/x) * G059123 + ((1+x)/x^2) * G0temp - (1/x^2) * G0temp^2:
A000014 := 0,seq(coeff(G000014,x^i),i=1..n); # Ulrich Schimke (ulrschimke(AT)aol.com)

a[n_] := If[n<1, 0, A = x/(1-x^2) + x*O[x]^n; For[k=3, k <= n-1, k++, A = A/(1 - x^k + x*O[x]^n)^SeriesCoefficient[A, k]]; s = ((Normal[A] /. x -> x^2) + O[x]^(2n))*(1-x) + A*(2-A)*(1+x); SeriesCoefficient[s, n]/2]; Table[a[n], {n, 0, 40}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Feb 02 2016, adapted from PARI *)

{a(n) = my(A); if( n<1, 0, A = x / (1 - x^2) + x * O(x^n); for(k=3, n-1, A /= (1 - x^k + x * O(x^n))^polcoeff(A, k)); polcoeff( (subst(A, x, x^2) * (1 - x) + A * (2 - A) * (1 + x)) / 2, n))}; /* Michael Somos, Dec 19 2014 */

G.f.: A(x) = ((x-1)/x)*f(x) + ((1+x)/x^2)*g(x) - (1/x^2)*g(x)^2 where f(x) is g.f. for A059123 and g(x) is g.f. for A001678. [Harary and E. M. Palmer, p. 62, Eq. (3.3.10) with extra -(1/x^2)*Hbar(x)^2 term which should be there according to eq.(3.3.14), p. 63, with eq.(3.3.9)]. [corrected by Wolfdieter Lang, Jan 09 2001]

a(n) ~ c * d^n / n^(5/2), where d = A246403 = 2.189461985660850..., c = 0.684447272004914061023163279794145361469033868145768075109924585532604582794... - Vaclav Kotesovec, Aug 25 2014

A054923 Triangle read by rows: number of connected graphs with k >= 0 edges and n nodes (1<=n<=k+1).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 2, 0, 0, 0, 2, 3, 0, 0, 0, 1, 5, 6, 0, 0, 0, 1, 5, 13, 11, 0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 19, 33, 23, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 22, 67, 89, 47, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 20, 107, 236, 240, 106, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 14, 132, 486, 797, 657, 235, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 9, 138, 814, 2075, 2678, 1806, 551, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 5, 126, 1169, 4495, 8548, 8833, 5026, 1301

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane

The diagonal n = k+1 is A000055(n). - Jonathan Vos Post, Aug 10 2008

			Triangle begins:
  1;
  0, 1;
  0, 0, 1;
  0, 0, 1, 2;
  0, 0, 0, 2, 3;
  0, 0, 0, 1, 5   6;
  0, 0, 0, 1, 5, 13,  11;
  0, 0, 0, 0, 4, 19,  33,  23;
  0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 22,  67,  89,  47;
  0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 20, 107, 236, 240, 106;
  ... (so with 5 edges there's 1 graph with 4 nodes, 5 with 5 nodes and 6 with 6 nodes). [Typo corrected by Anders Haglund, Jul 08 2008]

F. Harary and E. M. Palmer, Graphical Enumeration, Academic Press, NY, 1973, p. 93, Table 4.2.2; p. 241, Table A2.

Andrew Howroyd, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1325
G. A. Baker et al., High-temperature expansions for the spin-1/2 Heisenberg model, Phys. Rev., 164 (1967), 800-817.
R. J. Mathar, Statistics on Small Graphs, arXiv:1709.09000 [math.CO] (2017), Table 57.
Gordon Royle, Small graphs
Gus Wiseman, Non-isomorphic representatives of the 12 connected graphs counted in row 5.

Main diagonal is A000055.
Subsequent diagonals give the number of connected unlabeled graphs with n nodes and n+k edges for k=0..2: A001429, A001435, A001436.
Cf. A002905 (row sums), A001349 (column sums), A008406, A046751 (transpose), A054924 (transpose), A046742 (w/o left column), A343088 (labeled).
Cf. A000664, A007718, A050535, A054923, A191646, A191970, A317672, A322114, A322151.

InvEulerMT(u)={my(n=#u, p=log(1+x*Ser(u)), vars=variables(p)); Vec(serchop( sum(i=1, n, moebius(i)*substvec(p + O(x*x^(n\i)), vars, apply(v->v^i,vars))/i), 1))}
permcount(v) = {my(m=1,s=0,k=0,t); for(i=1,#v,t=v[i]; k=if(i>1&&t==v[i-1],k+1,1); m*=t*k;s+=t); s!/m}
edges(v,t) = {prod(i=2, #v, prod(j=1, i-1, my(g=gcd(v[i],v[j])); t(v[i]*v[j]/g)^g )) * prod(i=1, #v, my(c=v[i]); t(c)^((c-1)\2)*if(c%2, 1, t(c/2)))}
G(n, x)={my(s=0); forpart(p=n, s+=permcount(p)*edges(p,i->1+x^i)); s/n!}
T(n)={Mat([Col(p+O(y^n), -n) | p<-InvEulerMT(vector(n, k, G(k, y + O(y^n))))])}
{my(A=T(10)); for(n=1, #A, print(A[n,1..n]))} \\ Andrew Howroyd, Oct 23 2019

a(83)-a(89) corrected by Andrew Howroyd, Oct 24 2019

A003049 Number of connected Eulerian graphs with n unlabeled nodes.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 1, 1, 4, 8, 37, 184, 1782, 31026, 1148626, 86539128, 12798435868, 3620169692289, 1940367005824561, 1965937435288738165, 3766548132138130650270, 13666503289976224080346733

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane

These are connected graphs with every node of even degree (cf. A002854).

F. Harary and E. M. Palmer, Graphical Enumeration, Academic Press, NY, 1973, p. 117.
Valery A. Liskovets, Enumeration of Euler graphs. (Russian), Vesci Akad. Navuk BSSR, Ser. Fiz.-Mat. Navuk 1970, No.6, 38-46 (1970). Math. Rev., Vol. 44, 1972, p. 1195, #6557.
R. W. Robinson, Enumeration of Euler graphs, pp. 147-153 of F. Harary, editor, Proof Techniques in Graph Theory. Academic Press, NY, 1969.
R. W. Robinson, personal communication.
R. W. Robinson, Numerical implementation of graph counting algorithms, AGRC Grant, Math. Dept., Univ. Newcastle, Australia, 1979.
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Chai Wah Wu, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..88 (terms 1..60 from Max Alekseyev)
P. J. Cameron, Sequences realized by oligomorphic permutation groups, J. Integ. Seqs. Vol. 3 (2000), #00.1.5.
Erich Friedman, Illustration of initial terms
V. A. Liskovec, Enumeration of Euler Graphs, (in Russian), Akademiia Navuk BSSR, Minsk., 6 (1970), 38-46. (annotated scanned copy)
C. L. Mallows and N. J. A. Sloane, Two-graphs, switching classes and Euler graphs are equal in number, SIAM J. Appl. Math., 28 (1975), 876-880.
C. L. Mallows and N. J. A. Sloane, Two-graphs, switching classes and Euler graphs are equal in number, SIAM J. Appl. Math., 28 (1975), 876-880. [Copy on N. J. A. Sloane's Home Page]
Brendan McKay, Combinatorial Data (Eulerian graphs).
R. W. Robinson, Enumeration of Euler graphs, pp. 147-153 of F. Harary, editor, Proof Techniques in Graph Theory. Academic Press, NY, 1969. (Annotated scanned copy)
Peter Steinbach, Field Guide to Simple Graphs, Volume 1, Part 17 (For Volumes 1, 2, 3, 4 of this book see A000088, A008406, A000055, A000664, respectively.)
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Eulerian Graph.

Cf. A002854, A008683.

A002854 = Import["https://oeis.org/A002854/b002854.txt", "Table"][[All, 2]];
(* EulerInvTransform is defined in A022562 *)
EulerInvTransform[A002854] (* Jean-François Alcover, Aug 27 2019, updated Mar 17 2020 *)

from functools import lru_cache
from itertools import combinations
from fractions import Fraction
from math import prod, gcd, factorial
from sympy import mobius, divisors
from sympy.utilities.iterables import partitions
def A003049(n):
    @lru_cache(maxsize=None)
    def b(n): return int(sum(Fraction(1<>1)-1)*r+(q*r*(r-1)>>1) for q, r in p.items())+any(q&1 for q in p),prod(q**r*factorial(r) for q, r in p.items())) for p in partitions(n)))
    @lru_cache(maxsize=None)
    def c(n): return n*b(n)-sum(c(k)*b(n-k) for k in range(1,n))
    return sum(mobius(n//d)*c(d) for d in divisors(n,generator=True))//n # Chai Wah Wu, Jul 03 2024

Let B(x) = g.f. for A002854. Then g.f. A(x) for A003049 satisfies 1 + B(x) = exp(Sum_{n>=1} A(x^n)/n). - Robinson (1969).
Inverse Euler transform of A002854. (This is equivalent to the Robinson formula.) - Franklin T. Adams-Watters, Jul 24 2006
Let B(x) = g.f. for A002854. Then A(x) = Sum_{m >= 1} (mu(m)/m) * log(1 + B(x^m)), where mu(m) = A008683(m). (This is essentially a re-statement of the equation on p. 151 in Robinson (1969).) - Petros Hadjicostas, Feb 24 2021

a(1)-a(26) were computed by R. W. Robinson

More terms from Vladeta Jovovic, Apr 18 2000

A033301 Number of 4-valent (or quartic) graphs with n nodes.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 6, 16, 60, 266, 1547, 10786, 88193, 805579, 8037796, 86223660, 985883873, 11946592242, 152808993767, 2056701139136, 29051369533596, 429669276147047, 6640178380127244, 107026751932268789, 1796103830404560857, 31334029441145918974, 567437704731717802783

Offset: 0

Ronald C. Read

Because the triangle A051031 is symmetric, a(n) is also the number of (n-5)-regular graphs on n vertices. - Jason Kimberley, Sep 22 2009

R. C. Read and R. J. Wilson, An Atlas of Graphs, Oxford, 1998.

M. Meringer, Tables of Regular Graphs
M. Meringer, Erzeugung Regulärer Graphen, Diploma thesis, University of Bayreuth, January 1996. [From Herman Jamke (hermanjamke(AT)fastmail.fm), Sep 25 2010]
N. J. A. Sloane, Transforms
Peter Steinbach, Field Guide to Simple Graphs, Volume 1, Part 17 (For Volumes 1, 2, 3, 4 of this book see A000088, A008406, A000055, A000664, respectively.)
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Quartic Graph

4-regular simple graphs: A006820 (connected), A033483 (disconnected), this sequence (not necessarily connected).

Regular graphs A005176 (any degree), A051031 (triangular array), chosen degrees: A000012 (k=0), A059841 (k=1), A008483 (k=2), A005638 (k=3), A033301 (k=4), A165626 (k=5), A165627 (k=6), A165628 (k=7).

A006820 = Cases[Import["https://oeis.org/A006820/b006820.txt", "Table"], {, }][[All, 2]];
(* EulerTransform is defined in A005195 *)
EulerTransform[Rest @ A006820] (* Jean-François Alcover, Nov 26 2019, updated Mar 17 2020 *)

Euler transform of A006820. - Martin Fuller, Dec 04 2006

a(16) from Axel Kohnert (kohnert(AT)uni-bayreuth.de), Jul 24 2003
a(17)-a(19) from Jason Kimberley, Sep 12 2009
a(20)-a(21) from Herman Jamke (hermanjamke(AT)fastmail.fm), Sep 25 2010
a(22) from Jason Kimberley, Oct 15 2011
a(22) corrected and a(23)-a(28) from Andrew Howroyd, Mar 08 2020

A322114 Regular triangle read by rows where T(n,k) is the number of unlabeled connected graphs with loops with n edges and k vertices, 1 <= k <= n+1.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 3, 2, 0, 0, 3, 6, 3, 0, 0, 2, 11, 14, 6, 0, 0, 1, 13, 35, 33, 11, 0, 0, 0, 10, 61, 112, 81, 23, 0, 0, 0, 5, 75, 262, 347, 204, 47, 0, 0, 0, 2, 68, 463, 1059, 1085, 526, 106, 0, 0, 0, 1, 49, 625, 2458, 4091, 3348, 1376, 235

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, Nov 26 2018

			Triangle begins:
   1
   1   1
   0   1   1
   0   1   3   2
   0   0   3   6   3
   0   0   2  11  14   6
   0   0   1  13  35  33  11
Non-isomorphic representatives of the graphs counted in row 4:
  {{2}{3}{12}{13}}   {{4}{12}{23}{34}}   {{13}{24}{35}{45}}
  {{2}{3}{13}{23}}   {{4}{13}{23}{34}}   {{14}{25}{35}{45}}
  {{3}{12}{13}{23}}  {{4}{13}{24}{34}}   {{15}{25}{35}{45}}
                     {{4}{14}{24}{34}}
                     {{12}{13}{24}{34}}
                     {{14}{23}{24}{34}}

Andrew Howroyd, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1325

Row sums are A191970. Last column is A000055.

Cf. A000664, A007716, A007718, A007719, A054923, A191646, A275421, A317533, A321254.

InvEulerMT(u)={my(n=#u, p=log(1+x*Ser(u)), vars=variables(p)); Vec(serchop( sum(i=1, n, moebius(i)*substvec(p + O(x*x^(n\i)), vars, apply(v->v^i,vars))/i), 1))}
permcount(v) = {my(m=1,s=0,k=0,t); for(i=1,#v,t=v[i]; k=if(i>1&&t==v[i-1],k+1,1); m*=t*k;s+=t); s!/m}
edges(v,t) = {prod(i=2, #v, prod(j=1, i-1, my(g=gcd(v[i],v[j])); t(v[i]*v[j]/g)^g )) * prod(i=1, #v, my(c=v[i]); t(c)^((c+1)\2)*if(c%2, 1, t(c/2)))}
G(n, x)={my(s=0); forpart(p=n, s+=permcount(p)*edges(p,i->1+x^i)); s/n!}
T(n)={Mat([Col(p+O(y^n), -n) | p<-InvEulerMT(vector(n, k, G(k, y + O(y^n))))])}
{my(A=T(10)); for(n=1, #A, print(A[n,1..n]))} \\ Andrew Howroyd, Oct 22 2019

Terms a(28) and beyond from Andrew Howroyd, Oct 22 2019

A076864 Number of connected loopless multigraphs with n edges.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 2, 5, 12, 33, 103, 333, 1183, 4442, 17576, 72810, 314595, 1410139, 6541959, 31322474, 154468852, 783240943, 4077445511, 21765312779, 118999764062, 665739100725, 3807640240209, 22246105114743, 132672322938379, 807126762251748

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane, Nov 23 2002

Inverse Euler transform of A050535.

Andrew Howroyd, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..50
Patrick T. Komiske, Eric M. Metodiev, and Jesse Thaler, Energy flow polynomials: A complete linear basis for jet substructure, arXiv:1712.07124 [hep-ph], 2017.
Tsuyoshi Miezaki, Akihiro Munemasa, Yusaku Nishimura, Tadashi Sakuma, and Shuhei Tsujie, Universal graph series, chromatic functions, and their index theory, arXiv:2403.09985 [math.CO], 2024. See p. 23.
N. J. A. Sloane, Transforms
Gus Wiseman, Non-isomorphic representatives of the unlabeled connected multigraphs counted by the first 5 terms

Row sums of A191646.
Cf. A050535 (multisets), A076865, A076866, A076867.
Cf. A000664, A007718, A054923, A191970, A275421, A317672, A322114, A322137, A322148.

A050535 = Cases[Import["https://oeis.org/A050535/b050535.txt", "Table"], {, }][[All, 2]];
(* EulerInvTransform is defined in A022562 *)
Join[{1}, EulerInvTransform[A050535 // Rest]] (* Jean-François Alcover, Feb 11 2020, updated Mar 17 2020 *)

More terms from Sean A. Irvine, Oct 02 2011
Name and comment swapped by Gus Wiseman, Nov 28 2018
a(0)=1 prepended by Andrew Howroyd, Oct 23 2019

A191970 Number of connected graphs with n edges with loops allowed.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 2, 6, 12, 33, 93, 287, 940, 3309, 12183, 47133, 190061, 796405, 3456405, 15501183, 71681170, 341209173, 1669411182, 8384579797, 43180474608, 227797465130, 1229915324579, 6790642656907, 38311482445514, 220712337683628, 1297542216770482, 7779452884747298

Offset: 0

Alberto Tacchella, Jun 20 2011

nonn

Inverse Euler transform of A053419.
From R. J. Mathar, Jul 25 2017: (Start)
The Multiset Transform gives the number of graphs with n edges (loops allowed) and k components (0<=k<=n):
 1
2
2 3
6 4 4
12 15 6 5
33 36 24 8 6
93 111 64 33 10 7
287 324 207 92 42 12 8
940 1036 633 308 120 51 14 9
3309 3408 2084 966 409 148 60 16 10
12183 11897 6959 3243 1305 510 176 69 18 11
47133 43137 24415 10970 4432 1644 611 204 78 20 12
190061 163608 88402 38763 15125 5628 1983 712 232 87 22 13
796405 644905 332979 140671 53732 19316 6824 2322 813 260 96 24 14
3456405 2639871 1299054 529179 195517 68878 23515 8020 2661 914 288 105 26 15 (End)

			a(1)=2: Either one node with the edge equal to a loop, or two nodes connected by the edge. a(2)=2: Either three nodes on a chain connected by the two edges, or two nodes connected by an edge, one node with a loop. Apparently multi-loops are not allowed (?). - _R. J. Mathar_, Jul 25 2017

Andrew Howroyd, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..50
Gus Wiseman, Non-isomorphic representatives of the a(1) = 1 through a(4) = 12 connected graphs with loops.

Row sums of A322114.

Cf. A000664, A002905, A007718, A050535, A053419, A054923, A191646, A191970, A275421, A322133, A322151, A322152.

\\ See A322114 for InvEulerMT, G.
seq(n)={vecsum([Vec(p+O(y^n), -n) | p<-InvEulerMT(vector(n, k, G(k, y + O(y^n))))])} \\ Andrew Howroyd, Oct 22 2019

Terms a(25) and beyond from Andrew Howroyd, Oct 22 2019

A000220 Number of asymmetric trees with n nodes (also called identity trees).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 3, 6, 15, 29, 67, 139, 310, 667, 1480, 3244, 7241, 16104, 36192, 81435, 184452, 418870, 955860, 2187664, 5025990, 11580130, 26765230, 62027433, 144133676, 335731381, 783859852, 1834104934, 4300433063, 10102854473, 23778351222

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane

F. Bergeron, G. Labelle and P. Leroux, Combinatorial Species and Tree-Like Structures, Camb. 1998, p. 330.
S. R. Finch, Mathematical Constants, Cambridge, 2003, p. 301 and 562.
F. Harary, Graph Theory. Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA, 1969, p. 232.
F. Harary and E. M. Palmer, Graphical Enumeration, Academic Press, NY, 1973, p. 66, Eq. (3.3.22).
D. E. Knuth, Fundamental Algorithms, 3d Ed. 1997, pp. 386-88 describes methodology for generating similar sequence rapidly.
R. C. Read and R. J. Wilson, An Atlas of Graphs, Oxford, 1998.
A. J. Schwenk, personal communication.
N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Alois P. Heinz, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..1000 (first 200 terms from T. D. Noe)
E. Friedman, Illustration of initial terms
F. Harary, R. W. Robinson and A. J. Schwenk, Twenty-step algorithm for determining the asymptotic number of trees of various species, J. Austral. Math. Soc., Series A, 20 (1975), 483-503. Errata: Vol. A 41 (1986), p. 325.
P. Leroux and B. Miloudi, Généralisations de la formule d'Otter, Ann. Sci. Math. Québec, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 53-80, 1992. (Annotated scanned copy)
A. J. Schwenk, Letter to N. J. A. Sloane, Aug 1972
Peter Steinbach, Field Guide to Simple Graphs, Volume 1, Part 17 (For Volumes 1, 2, 3, 4 of this book see A000088, A008406, A000055, A000664, respectively.)
Peter Steinbach, Field Guide to Simple Graphs, Volume 3, Part 12 (For Volumes 1, 2, 3, 4 of this book see A000088, A008406, A000055, A000664, respectively.)
Index entries for sequences related to trees

Cf. A000055, A000081.

Cf. A246169, A004111, A035056.

with(numtheory):
b:= proc(n) option remember; `if`(n<2, n, add(b(n-k)*add(
      b(d)*d*(-1)^(k/d+1), d=divisors(k)), k=1..n-1)/(n-1))
    end:
a:= n-> b(n)-(add(b(j)*b(n-j), j=0..n)+
       `if`(irem(n, 2)=0, b(n/2), 0))/2:
seq(a(n), n=1..50);  # Alois P. Heinz, Feb 24 2015

s[ n_, k_ ] := s[ n, k ]=a[ n+1-k ]+If[ n<2k, 0, -s[ n-k, k ] ]; a[ 1 ]=1; a[ n_ ] := a[ n ]=Sum[ a[ i ]s[ n-1, i ]i, {i, 1, n-1} ]/(n-1); Table[ a[ i ]-Sum[ a[ j ]a[ i-j ], {j, 1, i/2} ]+If[ OddQ[ i ], 0, a[ i/2 ](a[ i/2 ]-1)/2 ], {i, 1, 50} ] (* Robert A. Russell *)

G.f.: A(x)-A^2(x)/2-A(x^2)/2, where A(x) is g.f. for A004111.

a(n) ~ c * d^n / n^(5/2), where d = A246169 = 2.51754035263200389079535..., c = 0.29938828746578432274375484519722721162... . - Vaclav Kotesovec, Aug 25 2014

A003400 Number of asymmetric (not necessarily connected) graphs with n nodes.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 8, 152, 3696, 135004, 7971848, 805364776, 144123121972

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane

Number of simple graphs g on n nodes with |Aut(g)| = 1.

F. Harary and E. M. Palmer, Graphical Enumeration, Academic Press, NY, 1973, p. 220, Section P3.4.
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Klaus Brockhaus, The 6-node asymmetric graphs
Zoran Maksimovic, Number of graphs on n nodes whose automorphism group orders are k, n<=11
Yoav Spector, Moshe Schwartz, Study of potential Hamiltonians for quantum graphity, arXiv:1808.05632 [cond-mat.stat-mech], 2018.
Peter Steinbach, Field Guide to Simple Graphs, Volume 1, Part 17 (For Volumes 1, 2, 3, 4 of this book see A000088, A008406, A000055, A000664, respectively.)
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Graph Automorphism
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Identity Graph

Cf. A124059 (connected simple asymmetric graphs).
Cf. A275867 (disconnected simple asymmetric graphs).
Cf. A000088 (simple graphs).

for n in {1..10}; do geng -q ${n} | countg -q -a1 | grep altogether | awk '{print $1}'; done # - Sean A. Irvine, Apr 22 2015

a(n) = A124059(n) + A275867(n).

a(8) and a(9) from Eric W. Weisstein, Jun 09 2004
a(10) and a(11) from Zoran Maksimovic, Vladeta Jovovic, Jan 21 2005
a(12) from Sean A. Irvine, Apr 22 2015

cp's OEIS Frontend

A000568 Number of outcomes of unlabeled n-team round-robin tournaments.

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A000014 Number of series-reduced trees with n nodes.

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A054923 Triangle read by rows: number of connected graphs with k >= 0 edges and n nodes (1<=n<=k+1).

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A003049 Number of connected Eulerian graphs with n unlabeled nodes.

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A033301 Number of 4-valent (or quartic) graphs with n nodes.

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A322114 Regular triangle read by rows where T(n,k) is the number of unlabeled connected graphs with loops with n edges and k vertices, 1 <= k <= n+1.

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A076864 Number of connected loopless multigraphs with n edges.

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