A003159 -id:A003159 - cp's OEIS frontend

A339690 Positive integers of the form 4^i9^jk with gcd(k,6)=1.

1, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 16, 17, 19, 20, 23, 25, 28, 29, 31, 35, 36, 37, 41, 43, 44, 45, 47, 49, 52, 53, 55, 59, 61, 63, 64, 65, 67, 68, 71, 73, 76, 77, 79, 80, 81, 83, 85, 89, 91, 92, 95, 97, 99, 100, 101, 103, 107, 109, 112, 113, 115, 116, 117, 119, 121

Offset: 1

Griffin N. Macris, Dec 13 2020, and Peter Munn, Feb 03 2021

nonn

Positive integers that survive sieving by the rule: if m appears then 2m, 3m and 6m do not.
Numbers whose squarefree part is congruent to 1 or 5 modulo 6.
Closed under multiplication.
Term by term, the sequence is one half of its complement within A007417, one third of its complement within A003159, and one sixth of its complement within A036668.
Asymptotic density is 1/2.
The set of all a(n) has maximal lower density (1/2) among sets S such that S, 2S, and 3S are disjoint.
Numbers which do not have 2 or 3 in their Fermi-Dirac factorization. Thus each term is a product of a unique subset of A050376 \ {2,3}.
It follows that the sequence is closed with respect to the commutative binary operation A059897(.,.), forming a subgroup of the positive integers considered as a group under A059897. It is the subgroup generated by A050376 \ {2,3}. A003159, A007417 and A036668 correspond to the nontrivial subgroups of its quotient group. It is the lexicographically earliest ordered transversal of the subgroup {1,2,3,6}, which in ordered form is the lexicographically earliest subgroup of order 4.

			Numbers are removed by the sieve only due to the presence of a smaller number, so 1 is in the sequence as the smallest positive integer. The sieve removes 2, as it is twice 1, which is in the sequence; so 2 is not in the sequence. The sieve removes 3, as it is three times 1, which is in the sequence, so 3 is not in the sequence. There are no integers m for which 3m = 4 or 6m = 4; 2m = 4 for m = 2, but 2 is not in the sequence; so the sieve does not remove 4, so 4 is in the sequence.

Jan Snellman, Greedy Regular Convolutions, arXiv:2504.02795 [math.NT], 2025.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Group.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Squarefree Part.
Index entries for sequences generated by sieves

Cf. A050376, A059897, A307150, A339746, A372574 (characteristic function).
Ordered first quadrisection of A052330.
Intersection of any 2 of A003159, A007417 and A036668.
A329575 divided by 3.

Select[Range[117], EvenQ[IntegerExponent[#, 2]] && EvenQ[IntegerExponent[#, 3]] &]
f[p_, e_] := p^Mod[e, 2]; core[n_] := Times @@ f @@@ FactorInteger[n]; Select[Range[121], CoprimeQ[core[#], 6] &] (* Amiram Eldar, Feb 06 2021 *)

isok(m) = core(m) % 6 == 1 || core(m) % 6 == 5;

from itertools import count
from sympy import integer_log
def A339690(n):
    def bisection(f,kmin=0,kmax=1):
        while f(kmax) > kmax: kmax <<= 1
        kmin = kmax >> 1
        while kmax-kmin > 1:
            kmid = kmax+kmin>>1
            if f(kmid) <= kmid:
                kmax = kmid
            else:
                kmin = kmid
        return kmax
    def f(x):
        c = n+x
        for i in range(integer_log(x,9)[0]+1):
            i2 = 9**i
            for j in count(0,2):
                k = i2<x:
                    break
                m = x//k
                c -= (m-1)//6+(m-5)//6+2
        return c
    return bisection(f,n,n) # Chai Wah Wu, Feb 14 2025

{a(n) : n >= 1} = {m : A307150(m) = 6m, m >= 0}.
{a(n) : n >= 1} = {k : k = A052330(4m), m >= 0}.
A329575(n) = a(n) * 3.
{A036668(n) : n >= 0} = {a(n) : n >= 1} U {6 * a(n) : n >= 1}.
{A003159(n) : n >= 1} = {a(n) : n >= 1} U {3 * a(n) : n >= 1}.
{A007417(n) : n >= 1} = {a(n) : n >= 1} U {2 * a(n) : n >= 1}.
a(n) ~ 2n.

A003156 A self-generating sequence (see Comments for definition).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 4, 5, 6, 9, 12, 15, 16, 17, 20, 21, 22, 25, 26, 27, 30, 33, 36, 37, 38, 41, 44, 47, 48, 49, 52, 55, 58, 59, 60, 63, 64, 65, 68, 69, 70, 73, 76, 79, 80, 81, 84, 85, 86, 89, 90, 91, 94, 97, 100, 101, 102, 105, 106, 107, 110, 111, 112, 115, 118, 121, 122, 123, 126, 129, 132

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane

nonn

From N. J. A. Sloane, Dec 26 2020: (Start)
The best definitions of the triple [this sequence, A003157, A003158] are as the rows a(n), b(n), c(n) of the table:
n: 1, 2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9, 10, 11, 12, ...
a: 1, 4,  5,  6,  9, 12, 15, 16, 17, 20, 21, 22, ...
b: 3, 8, 11, 14, 19, 24, 29, 32, 35, 40, 43, 46, ...
c: 2, 7, 10, 13, 18, 23, 28, 31, 34, 39, 42, 45, ...
where a(1)=1, b(1)=3, c(1)=2, and thereafter
a(n) = mex{a(i), b(i), c(i), ib(n) = a(n) + 2*n,
c(n) = b(n) - 1.
Then a,b,c form a partition of the positive integers.
Note that there is another triple of sequences (A003144, A003145, A003146) also called a, b, c and also a partition of the positive integers, in a different paper by the same authors (Carlitz-Scovelle-Hoggatt) in the same volume of the same journal.
(End)
a(n) is the number of ones before the n-th zero in the Feigenbaum sequence A035263. - Philippe Deléham, Mar 27 2004
Number of odd numbers before the n-th even number in A007413, A007913, A001511, A029883, A033485, A035263, A036585, A065882, A065883, A088172, A092412. - Philippe Deléham, Apr 03 2004
Indices of a in the sequence closed under a -> abc, b -> a, c -> a, starting with a(1) = a; see A092606 where a = 0, b = 2, c = 1. - Philippe Deléham, Apr 12 2004

N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Alois P. Heinz, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..1000
Jean-Paul Allouche, On the morphism 1 -> 121, 2 -> 12221, Preprint, 2024 [Local copy, with permission]. See also Optimization, Discrete Mathematics and Applications to Data Sciences, Springer Optimization and Its Applications, Springer, Cham, 2025, and author's site, CNRS France, 2024. See p. 6.
L. Carlitz, R. Scoville and V. E. Hoggatt, Jr., Fibonacci representations of higher order, Fib. Quart., 10 (1972), 43-69. [Here a, b, c are A003144, A003145, A003146.]
L. Carlitz, R. Scoville, and V. E. Hoggatt, Jr., Representations for a special sequence, Fibonacci Quarterly 10.5 (1972), 499-518, 550. [A003156, A003157, A003158 are on page 500.]
Robbert Fokkink and Gandhar Joshi, On Cloitre's hiccup sequences, arXiv:2507.16956 [math.CO], 2025. See pp. 8, 17

Cf. A001511, A003157, A003158, A003159, A007413, A007913, A029883, A033485, A035263, A036554, A036585, A056196, A065882, A065883, A072939, A079523, A072939, A080426, A088172, A092412, A092606.

A003157 A self-generating sequence (see Comments in A003156 for the definition).

Original entry on oeis.org

3, 8, 11, 14, 19, 24, 29, 32, 35, 40, 43, 46, 51, 54, 57, 62, 67, 72, 75, 78, 83, 88, 93, 96, 99, 104, 109, 114, 117, 120, 125, 128, 131, 136, 139, 142, 147, 152, 157, 160

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane

nonn

Indices of c in the sequence closed under a -> abc, b -> a, c -> a, starting with a(1) = a; see A092606 where a = 0, b = 2, c = 1. - Philippe Deléham, Apr 12 2004

These are the positions of 1 in A286044; complement of A286045; conjecture: a(n)/n -> 4. - Clark Kimberling, May 07 2017

			As a word, A286044 = 001000010010010000100..., in which 1 is in positions a(n) for n>=1.  - _Clark Kimberling_, May 07 2017

N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Clark Kimberling, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
L. Carlitz, R. Scoville, and V. E. Hoggatt, Jr., Representations for a special sequence, Fibonacci Quarterly 10.5 (1972), 499-518, 550.

Cf. A003156, A003158, A010060, A286044, A286045.

s = Nest[Flatten[# /. {0 -> {0, 1}, 1 -> {1, 0}}] &, {0}, 9] (* Thue-Morse, A010060 *)
w = StringJoin[Map[ToString, s]]
w1 = StringReplace[w, {"011" -> "0"}]
st = ToCharacterCode[w1] - 48 (* A286044 *)
Flatten[Position[st, 0]]  (* A286045 *)
Flatten[Position[st, 1]]  (* A003157 *)
(* Clark Kimberling, May 07 2017 *)

def A003157(n):
    def bisection(f,kmin=0,kmax=1):
        while f(kmax) > kmax: kmax <<= 1
        kmin = kmax >> 1
        while kmax-kmin > 1:
            kmid = kmax+kmin>>1
            if f(kmid) <= kmid:
                kmax = kmid
            else:
                kmin = kmid
        return kmax
    def f(x):
        c, s = n+x, bin(x)[2:]
        l = len(s)
        for i in range(l&1,l,2):
            c -= int(s[i])+int('0'+s[:i],2)
        return c
    return bisection(f,n,n)+n # Chai Wah Wu, Jan 29 2025

Numbers n such that A003159(n) is even. a(n) = A003158(n) + 1 = A036554(n) + n. - Philippe Deléham, Feb 22 2004

A102839 a(0) = 0, a(1) = 1, and a(n) = ((2n - 1)a(n-1) + 3na(n-2))/(n - 1) for n >= 2.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 3, 12, 40, 135, 441, 1428, 4572, 14535, 45925, 144408, 452244, 1411501, 4392675, 13636080, 42237792, 130580451, 403009209, 1241912580, 3821849640, 11746816389, 36064532427, 110610649548, 338928124500, 1037636534025

Offset: 0

Benoit Cloitre, Feb 27 2005

nonn

n divides a(n) iff the binary representation of n ends with an even number of zeros (i.e., n is in A003159).
From Petros Hadjicostas, Jun 03 2020: (Start)
The sequence appears twice on p. 39 of Salaam (2008). For n >= 1, a(n-1) counts 2-sets of leaves in "0,1,2" Motzkin rooted trees with n edges. It also counts 2-sets of leaves in non-redundant trees with n edges.
"0,1,2" trees are rooted trees where each vertex has out-degree zero, one, or two. They are counted by the Motzkin numbers A001006. Non-redundant trees are ordered trees where no vertex has out-degree equal to 1 (and they are sometimes known as Riordan trees). They are counted by the Riordan numbers A005043.
For "0,1,2" trees, Salaam (2008) proved that the g.f. of the number of r-sets of leaves is A000108(r-1) * z^(2*r-2) * T(z)^(2*r-1), where T(z) = 1/sqrt(1 - 2*z - 3*z^2) is the g.f. of the central trinomial numbers A002426. For non-redundant trees, the situation is more complicated and no g.f. is given for a general r >= 5. (End)

			From _Petros Hadjicostas_, Jun 03 2020: (Start)
With n = 3 edges, we list below the a(3-1) = 3 two-sets of leaves among all A001006(3) = 4 Motzkin trees:
    A                                     A
    |                                     |
    |                                     |
    B                                     B
    |                                    / \
    |                                   /   \
    C                                  C     D
    |                                   {C, D}
    |
    D
   No 2-sets of leaves
         A                               A
        / \                             / \
       /   \                           /   \
      B     C                         B     C
      |                                     |
      |                                     |
      D                                     D
        {C, D}                         {B, D}
With n = 3 edges, there is only A005043(3) = 1 non-redundant tree and a(3-1) = 3 two-sets of leaves:
                               A
                              /|\
                             / | \
                            B  C  D
                      {B, C}, {B, D}, {C, D}
With n = 4 edges there are A005043(4) = 3 non-redundant trees and a(4-1) = 12 two-sets of leaves:
         A                                  A              A
      / / \ \                              / \            / \
     / /   \ \                            /   \          /   \
    B C    D  E                          B     C        B     C
   {B, C}, {B, D}, {B, E},              / \                  / \
   {C, D}, {C, E}, {D, E}              /   \                /   \
                                      D     E              D     E
                               {D, E}, {D, C}, {E, C}  {B, D}, {B, E}, {D, E}
(End)

Harvey P. Dale, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1000
Lifoma Salaam, Combinatorial statistics on phylogenetic trees, Ph.D. Dissertation, Howard University, Washington D.C., 2008. [See Theorem 39 (p. 25) for "0,1,2" trees and p. 27 for non-redundant trees.]

Cf. A000108, A001006, A005043, A002426.

seq(add(k*binomial(n, k)*binomial(n-k, k)/2, k=0..n), n=1..26); # Zerinvary Lajos, Oct 23 2007

Table[4^(n-1)*JacobiP[n-1,-n-1/2,-n-1/2,-1/2], {n,0,25}] (* Peter Luschny, May 13 2016 *)
nxt[{n_,a_,b_}]:={n+1,b,(b(2n+1)+3a(n+1))/n}; NestList[nxt,{1,0,1},30][[;;,2]] (* Harvey P. Dale, Mar 31 2024 *)

a(n) = if(n<2,if(n,1,0),1/(n-1)*((2*n-1)*a(n-1)+3*n*a(n-2)))

a(n) is asymptotic to c*sqrt(n)*3^n where c = 0.2443012(5)....
G.f.: x/(1 - 2*x - 3*x^2)^(3/2). - Vladeta Jovovic, Oct 24 2007
a(n) = 4^(n-1)*JacobiP[n-1,-n-1/2,-n-1/2,-1/2]. - Peter Luschny, May 13 2016
a(n) ~ sqrt(3*n/Pi)*3^n/4. - Vaclav Kotesovec, May 13 2016
a(n) = binomial(n+1,2)*A001006(n-1). - Kassie Archer, Apr 14 2022

A232744 Numbers k for which the largest m such that m! divides k is odd.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 17, 18, 19, 21, 23, 25, 27, 29, 30, 31, 33, 35, 36, 37, 39, 41, 42, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 54, 55, 57, 59, 60, 61, 63, 65, 66, 67, 69, 71, 73, 75, 77, 78, 79, 81, 83, 84, 85, 87, 89, 90, 91, 93, 95, 97, 99, 101, 102, 103, 105

Offset: 1

Antti Karttunen, Dec 01 2013

nonn

Numbers k for which A055881(k) is odd.
Equally: Numbers k which have an even number of the trailing zeros in their factorial base representation A007623(k).
The sequence can be described in the following manner: Sequence includes all multiples of 1!, except that it excludes from those the multiples of 2!, except that it includes the multiples of 3! (6), except that it excludes the multiples of 4! (24), except that it includes the multiples of 5! (120), except that it excludes the multiples of 6! (720), except that it includes the multiples of 7! (5040), except that it excludes the multiples of 8! (40320), except that it includes the multiples of 9! (362880), and so on, ad infinitum.
The number of terms not exceeding m! for m>=1 is A002467(m). The asymptotic density of this sequence is 1 - 1/e (A068996). - Amiram Eldar, Feb 26 2021

Antti Karttunen, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..9558

Complement: A232745. Cf. also A055881, A007623, A232741-A232743.
Analogous sequences for binary system: A003159 & A036554.
Cf. A002467, A068996.

seq[max_] := Select[Range[max!], EvenQ @ LengthWhile[Reverse @ IntegerDigits[#, MixedRadix[Range[max, 2, -1]]], #1 == 0 &] &]; seq[5] (* Amiram Eldar, Feb 26 2021 *)

a(1)=1, and for n>1, a(n) = a(n-1) + (2 - A000035(A055881(a(n-1)+1))).

A334747 Let p be the smallest prime not dividing the squarefree part of n. Multiply n by p and divide by the product of all smaller primes.

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 3, 6, 8, 10, 5, 14, 12, 18, 15, 22, 24, 26, 21, 30, 32, 34, 27, 38, 40, 42, 33, 46, 20, 50, 39, 54, 56, 58, 7, 62, 48, 66, 51, 70, 72, 74, 57, 78, 60, 82, 35, 86, 88, 90, 69, 94, 96, 98, 75, 102, 104, 106, 45, 110, 84, 114, 87, 118, 120, 122, 93, 126, 128, 130, 55

Offset: 1

Peter Munn, May 09 2020

A bijection from the positive integers to the nonsquares, A000037.
A003159 (which has asymptotic density 2/3) lists index n such that a(n) = 2n. The sequence maps the terms of A003159 1:1 onto A036554, defining a bijection between them.
Similarly, bijections are defined from A007417 to A325424, from A325424 to A145204\{0}, and from the first in each of the following pairs to the nonsquare integers in the second: (A145204\{0}, A036668), (A036668, A007417), (A036554, A003159), (A332820, A332821), (A332821, A332822), (A332822, A332820). Note that many of these are between sets where membership depends on whether a number's squarefree part divides by 2 and/or 3.
Starting from 1, and iterating the sequence as a(1) = 2, a(2) = 3, a(3) = 6, a(6) = 5, a(5) = 10, etc., runs through the squarefree numbers in the order they appear in A019565. - Antti Karttunen, Jun 08 2020

			168 = 42*4 has squarefree part 42 (and square part 4). The smallest prime absent from 42 = 2*3*7 is 5 and the product of all smaller primes is 2*3 = 6. So a(168) = 168*5/6 = 140.

Permutation of A000037.
Row 2, and therefore column 2, of A331590. Cf. A334748 (row 3).
A007913, A034386, A053669, A225546 are used in formulas defining the sequence.
The formula section details how the sequence maps the terms of A002110, A003961, A019565; and how f(a(n)) relates to f(n) for f = A008833, A048675, A267116; making use of A003986.
Subsequences: A016825 (odd bisection), A036554, A329575.
Bijections are defined that relate to A003159, A007417, A036668, A145204, A325424, A332820, A332821, A332822.
Cf. also binary trees A334860, A334866 and A334870 (a left inverse).

a(n) = {my(c=core(n), m=n); forprime(p=2, , if(c % p, m*=p; break, m/=p)); m;} \\ Michel Marcus, May 22 2020

a(n) = n * m / A034386(m-1), where m = A053669(A007913(n)).
a(n) = A331590(2, n) = A225546(2 * A225546(n)).
a(A019565(n)) = A019565(n+1).
a(k * m^2) = a(k) * m^2.
a(A003961(n)) = 2 * A003961(n).
a(2 * A003961(n)) = A003961(a(n)).
a(A002110(n)) = prime(n+1).
A048675(a(n)) = A048675(n) + 1.
A008833(a(n)) = A008833(n).
A267116(a(n)) = A267116(n) OR 1, where OR denotes the bitwise operation A003986.
a(A003159(n)) = A036554(n) = 2 * A003159(n).
A334870(a(n)) = n. - Antti Karttunen, Jun 08 2020

A372591 Numbers whose binary weight (A000120) plus bigomega (A001222) is even.

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15, 19, 24, 28, 31, 32, 33, 34, 36, 37, 39, 40, 41, 42, 44, 46, 47, 50, 51, 52, 54, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 65, 67, 70, 73, 76, 77, 79, 85, 86, 90, 95, 96, 97, 98, 103, 106, 107, 109, 110, 111, 112, 117, 119, 123, 124, 126, 127, 128, 129

Offset: 1

Gus Wiseman, May 14 2024

nonn

The odd version is A372590.

			The terms (center), their binary indices (left), and their weakly decreasing prime indices (right) begin:
          {2}   2  (1)
        {2,3}   6  (2,1)
      {1,2,3}   7  (4)
          {4}   8  (1,1,1)
        {1,4}   9  (2,2)
        {2,4}  10  (3,1)
      {1,2,4}  11  (5)
      {1,3,4}  13  (6)
    {1,2,3,4}  15  (3,2)
      {1,2,5}  19  (8)
        {4,5}  24  (2,1,1,1)
      {3,4,5}  28  (4,1,1)
  {1,2,3,4,5}  31  (11)
          {6}  32  (1,1,1,1,1)
        {1,6}  33  (5,2)
        {2,6}  34  (7,1)
        {3,6}  36  (2,2,1,1)
      {1,3,6}  37  (12)
    {1,2,3,6}  39  (6,2)
        {4,6}  40  (3,1,1,1)
      {1,4,6}  41  (13)
      {2,4,6}  42  (4,2,1)

For sum (A372428, zeros A372427) we have A372587, complement A372586.
For minimum (A372437) we have A372440, complement A372439.
Positions of even terms in A372441, zeros A071814.
For maximum (A372442, zeros A372436) we have A372589, complement A372588.
The complement is A372590.
For just binary indices:
- length: A001969, complement A000069
- sum: A158704, complement A158705
- minimum:  A036554, complement A003159
- maximum: A053754, complement A053738
For just prime indices:
- length: A026424 A028260 (count A027187), complement (count A027193)
- sum: A300061 (count A058696), complement A300063 (count A058695)
- minimum: A340933 (count A026805), complement A340932 (count A026804)
- maximum: A244990 (count A027187), complement A244991 (count A027193)
A019565 gives Heinz number of binary indices, adjoint A048675.
A029837 gives greatest binary index, least A001511.
A031215 lists even-indexed primes, odd A031368.
A048793 lists binary indices, length A000120, reverse A272020, sum A029931.
A070939 gives length of binary expansion.
A112798 lists prime indices, length A001222, reverse A296150, sum A056239.
Cf. A000720, A006141, A066207, A257991, A300272, A304818, A340604, A341446, A372429-A372433, A372438.

Select[Range[100],EvenQ[DigitCount[#,2,1]+PrimeOmega[#]]&]

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A325424 Complement of A036668: numbers not of the form 2^i*3^j*k, i + j even, (k,6) = 1.

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A108269 Numbers of the form (2*m - 1)*4^k where m >= 1, k >= 1.

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A232745 Numbers k for which the largest m such that m! divides k is even.

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A339690 Positive integers of the form 4^i*9^j*k with gcd(k,6)=1.

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A003156 A self-generating sequence (see Comments for definition).

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A003157 A self-generating sequence (see Comments in A003156 for the definition).

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A102839 a(0) = 0, a(1) = 1, and a(n) = ((2*n - 1)*a(n-1) + 3*n*a(n-2))/(n - 1) for n >= 2.

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A325424 Complement of A036668: numbers not of the form 2^i3^jk, i + j even, (k,6) = 1.

A108269 Numbers of the form (2m - 1)4^k where m >= 1, k >= 1.

A339690 Positive integers of the form 4^i9^jk with gcd(k,6)=1.

A102839 a(0) = 0, a(1) = 1, and a(n) = ((2n - 1)a(n-1) + 3na(n-2))/(n - 1) for n >= 2.