cp's OEIS Frontend

This is a front-end for the Online Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, made by Christian Perfect. The idea is to provide OEIS entries in non-ancient HTML, and then to think about how they're presented visually. The source code is on GitHub.

Showing 1-10 of 20 results. Next

A000001 Number of groups of order n.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 5, 2, 2, 1, 5, 1, 2, 1, 14, 1, 5, 1, 5, 2, 2, 1, 15, 2, 2, 5, 4, 1, 4, 1, 51, 1, 2, 1, 14, 1, 2, 2, 14, 1, 6, 1, 4, 2, 2, 1, 52, 2, 5, 1, 5, 1, 15, 2, 13, 2, 2, 1, 13, 1, 2, 4, 267, 1, 4, 1, 5, 1, 4, 1, 50, 1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 6, 1, 52, 15, 2, 1, 15, 1, 2, 1, 12, 1, 10, 1, 4, 2
Offset: 0

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Author

Keywords

Comments

Also, number of nonisomorphic subgroups of order n in symmetric group S_n. - Lekraj Beedassy, Dec 16 2004
Also, number of nonisomorphic primitives (antiderivatives) of the combinatorial species Lin[n-1], or X^{n-1}; see Rajan, Summary item (i). - Nicolae Boicu, Apr 29 2011
In (J. H. Conway, Heiko Dietrich and E. A. O'Brien, 2008), a(n) is called the "group number of n", denoted by gnu(n), and the first occurrence of k is called the "minimal order attaining k", denoted by moa(k) (see A046057). - Daniel Forgues, Feb 15 2017
It is conjectured in (J. H. Conway, Heiko Dietrich and E. A. O'Brien, 2008) that the sequence n -> a(n) -> a(a(n)) = a^2(n) -> a(a(a(n))) = a^3(n) -> ... -> consists ultimately of 1s, where a(n), denoted by gnu(n), is called the "group number of n". - Muniru A Asiru, Nov 19 2017
MacHale (2020) shows that there are infinitely many values of n for which there are more groups than rings of that order (cf. A027623). He gives n = 36355 as an example. It would be nice to have enough values of n to create an OEIS entry for them. - N. J. A. Sloane, Jan 02 2021
I conjecture that a(i) * a(j) <= a(i*j) for all nonnegative integers i and j. - Jorge R. F. F. Lopes, Apr 21 2024

Examples

			Groups of orders 1 through 10 (C_n = cyclic, D_n = dihedral of order n, Q_8 = quaternion, S_n = symmetric):
1: C_1
2: C_2
3: C_3
4: C_4, C_2 X C_2
5: C_5
6: C_6, S_3=D_6
7: C_7
8: C_8, C_4 X C_2, C_2 X C_2 X C_2, D_8, Q_8
9: C_9, C_3 X C_3
10: C_10, D_10
		

References

  • S. R. Blackburn, P. M. Neumann, and G. Venkataraman, Enumeration of Finite Groups, Cambridge, 2007.
  • L. Comtet, Advanced Combinatorics, Reidel, 1974, p. 302, #35.
  • J. H. Conway et al., The Symmetries of Things, Peters, 2008, p. 209.
  • H. S. M. Coxeter and W. O. J. Moser, Generators and Relations for Discrete Groups, 4th ed., Springer-Verlag, NY, reprinted 1984, p. 134.
  • CRC Standard Mathematical Tables and Formulae, 30th ed. 1996, p. 150.
  • R. L. Graham, D. E. Knuth and O. Patashnik, Concrete Mathematics, A Foundation for Computer Science, Addison-Wesley Publ. Co., Reading, MA, 1989, Section 6.6 'Fibonacci Numbers' pp. 281-283.
  • M. Hall, Jr. and J. K. Senior, The Groups of Order 2^n (n <= 6). Macmillan, NY, 1964.
  • D. Joyner, 'Adventures in Group Theory', Johns Hopkins Press. Pp. 169-172 has table of groups of orders < 26.
  • D. S. Mitrinovic et al., Handbook of Number Theory, Kluwer, Section XIII.24, p. 481.
  • M. F. Newman and E. A. O'Brien, A CAYLEY library for the groups of order dividing 128. Group theory (Singapore, 1987), 437-442, de Gruyter, Berlin-New York, 1989.
  • N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
  • N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Crossrefs

The main sequences concerned with group theory are A000001 (this one), A000679, A001034, A001228, A005180, A000019, A000637, A000638, A002106, A005432, A000688, A060689, A051532.
A003277 gives n for which A000001(n) = 1, A063756 (partial sums).
A046057 gives first occurrence of each k.
A027623 gives the number of rings of order n.

Programs

  • GAP
    A000001 := Concatenation([0], List([1..500], n -> NumberSmallGroups(n))); # Muniru A Asiru, Oct 15 2017
  • Magma
    D:=SmallGroupDatabase(); [ NumberOfSmallGroups(D, n) : n in [1..1000] ]; // John Cannon, Dec 23 2006
    
  • Maple
    GroupTheory:-NumGroups(n); # with(GroupTheory); loads this command - N. J. A. Sloane, Dec 28 2017
  • Mathematica
    FiniteGroupCount[Range[100]] (* Harvey P. Dale, Jan 29 2013 *)
    a[ n_] := If[ n < 1, 0, FiniteGroupCount @ n]; (* Michael Somos, May 28 2014 *)

Formula

From Mitch Harris, Oct 25 2006: (Start)
For p, q, r primes:
a(p) = 1, a(p^2) = 2, a(p^3) = 5, a(p^4) = 14, if p = 2, otherwise 15.
a(p^5) = 61 + 2*p + 2*gcd(p-1,3) + gcd(p-1,4), p >= 5, a(2^5)=51, a(3^5)=67.
a(p^e) ~ p^((2/27)e^3 + O(e^(8/3))).
a(p*q) = 1 if gcd(p,q-1) = 1, 2 if gcd(p,q-1) = p. (p < q)
a(p*q^2) is one of the following:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
| a(p*q^2) | p*q^2 of the form | Sequences (p*q^2) |
---------- ------------------------------------------ ---------------------
| (p+9)/2 | q == 1 (mod p), p odd | A350638 |
| 5 | p=3, q=2 => p*q^2 = 12 |Special case with A_4|
| 5 | p=2, q odd | A143928 |
| 5 | p == 1 (mod q^2) | A350115 |
| 4 | p == 1 (mod q), p > 3, p !== 1 (mod q^2) | A349495 |
| 3 | q == -1 (mod p), p and q odd | A350245 |
| 2 | q !== +-1 (mod p) and p !== 1 (mod q) | A350422 |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Table from Bernard Schott, Jan 18 2022]
a(p*q*r) (p < q < r) is one of the following:
q == 1 (mod p) r == 1 (mod p) r == 1 (mod q) a(p*q*r)
-------------- -------------- -------------- --------
No No No 1
No No Yes 2
No Yes No 2
No Yes Yes 4
Yes No No 2
Yes No Yes 3
Yes Yes No p+2
Yes Yes Yes p+4
[table from Derek Holt].
(End)
a(n) = A000688(n) + A060689(n). - R. J. Mathar, Mar 14 2015

Extensions

More terms from Michael Somos
Typo in b-file description fixed by David Applegate, Sep 05 2009

A000019 Number of primitive permutation groups of degree n.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 2, 2, 5, 4, 7, 7, 11, 9, 8, 6, 9, 4, 6, 22, 10, 4, 8, 4, 9, 4, 7, 5, 28, 7, 15, 14, 8, 4, 12, 7, 4, 2, 6, 22, 11, 4, 2, 8, 10, 4, 10, 4, 9, 2, 6, 4, 40, 9, 2, 3, 8, 4, 8, 9, 5, 2, 6, 9, 14, 4, 8, 74, 13, 7, 10, 7, 2, 2, 10, 4, 16, 4, 2, 2, 4, 6, 10, 4, 155, 10, 6, 6, 6, 2, 2, 2, 10, 4, 10, 2
Offset: 1

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Comments

A check found errors in Theißen's data (degree 121 and 125) as well as in Short's work (degree 169). - Alexander Hulpke, Feb 19 2002
There is an error at n=574 in the Dixon-Mortimer paper. - Colva M. Roney-Dougal.

References

  • CRC Handbook of Combinatorial Designs, 1996, pp. 595ff.
  • K. Harada and H. Yamaki, The irreducible subgroups of GL_n(2) with n <= 6, C. R. Math. Rep. Acad. Sci. Canada 1, 1979, 75-78.
  • A. Hulpke, Konstruktion transitiver Permutationsgruppen, Dissertation, RWTH Aachen, 1996.
  • M. W. Short, The Primitive Soluble Permutation Groups of Degree less than 256, LNM 1519, 1992, Springer
  • C. C. Sims, Computational methods in the study of permutation groups, pp. 169-183 of J. Leech, editor, Computational Problems in Abstract Algebra. Pergamon, Oxford, 1970.
  • N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
  • N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).
  • H. Theißen, Eine Methode zur Normalisatorberechnung in Permutationsgruppen mit Anwendungen in der Konstruktion primitiver Gruppen, Dissertation, RWTH, RWTH-A, 1997 [But see comment above about errors! ]

Crossrefs

Programs

  • GAP
    List([2..2499],NrPrimitiveGroups);
    
  • Magma
    [NumberOfPrimitiveGroups(i) : i in [1..4095]];

Extensions

More terms and additional references from Alexander Hulpke

A005432 Number of permutation groups of degree n (or, number of distinct subgroups of symmetric group S_n, counting conjugates as distinct).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 2, 6, 30, 156, 1455, 11300, 151221, 1694723, 29594446, 404126228, 10594925360, 175238308453, 5651774693595, 117053117995400, 5320744503742316, 125889331236297288, 7598016157515302757
Offset: 0

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Comments

Labeled version of A000638.
L. Pyber shows c^(n^2(1+o(1))) <= a(n) <= d^(n^2(1+o(1))), c=2^(1/16), d=24^(1/6); conjectures lower bound is accurate.

References

  • C. C. Sims, Computational methods in the study of permutation groups, pp. 169-183 of J. Leech, editor, Computational Problems in Abstract Algebra. Pergamon, Oxford, 1970.
  • N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Crossrefs

Programs

  • GAP
    List([2..5],n->Sum( List( ConjugacyClassesSubgroups( SymmetricGroup(n)), Size))); [Alexander Hulpke]
  • Magma
    n := 5; &+[ Length(s):s in SubgroupLattice(Sym(n)) ];
    

Formula

Exponential transform of A116655. Binomial transform of A116693. - Christian G. Bower, Feb 23 2006

Extensions

a(9) and a(10) from Alexander Hulpke, Dec 03 2004
More terms from a(11) and a(12) added by Christian G. Bower, Feb 23 2006 based on Goetz Pfeiffer's web page.
a(13) added by Liam Naughton, Jun 09 2011
a(14)-a(18) from Holt reference, Wouter Meeussen, Jul 02 2013

A000637 Number of fixed-point-free permutation groups of degree n.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 1, 2, 7, 8, 37, 40, 200, 258, 1039, 1501, 7629, 10109, 54322, 83975, 527036, 780193, 5808293
Offset: 0

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Comments

a(1) = 0 since the trivial group of degree 1 has a fixed point. One could also argue that one should set a(1) = 1 by convention.

References

  • G. Butler and J. McKay, The transitive groups of degree up to eleven, Comm. Algebra, 11 (1983), 863-911.
  • D. Holt, Enumerating subgroups of the symmetric group. Computational Group Theory and the Theory of Groups, II, edited by L.-C. Kappe, A. Magidin and R. Morse. AMS Contemporary Mathematics book series, vol. 511, pp. 33-37.
  • A. Hulpke, Konstruktion transitiver Permutationsgruppen, Dissertation, RWTH Aachen, 1996.
  • A. Hulpke, Constructing transitive permutation groups, J. Symbolic Comput. 39 (2005), 1-30.
  • A. Hulpke, Constructing Transitive Permutation Groups, in preparation
  • C. C. Sims, Computational methods in the study of permutation groups, pp. 169-183 of J. Leech, editor, Computational Problems in Abstract Algebra. Pergamon, Oxford, 1970.
  • N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
  • N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Crossrefs

Cf. A000019, A002106. Unlabeled version of A116693.

Formula

a(n) = A000638(n) - A000638(n-1). - Christian G. Bower, Feb 23 2006

Extensions

More terms from Alexander Hulpke
a(2) and a(10) corrected, a(11) and a(12) added by Christian G. Bower, Feb 23 2006
Terms a(13)-a(18) were computed by Derek Holt and contributed by Alexander Hulpke, Jul 30 2010, who comments that he has verified the terms up through a(16).
Edited by N. J. A. Sloane, Jul 30 2010, at the suggestion of Michael Somos

A005226 Number of atomic species of degree n; also number of connected permutation groups of degree n.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 1, 2, 6, 6, 27, 20, 130, 124, 598, 641, 4850, 4772, 35625, 46074, 389839, 487408, 4617554
Offset: 0

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Keywords

Comments

An atomic species is one that is not the product of smaller species. - Christian G. Bower, Feb 23 2006
A permutation group is connected if it is not the direct product of smaller permutation groups. - Christian G. Bower, Feb 23 2006

References

  • F. Bergeron, G. Labelle and P. Leroux, Combinatorial Species and Tree-Like Structures, Camb. 1998, p. 147.
  • Jacques Labelle, Quelques espèces sur les ensembles de petite cardinalité, Ann. Sc. Math. Québec 9.1 (1985): 31-58.
  • N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Crossrefs

Cf. A005227. Unlabeled version of A116655.

Programs

  • Mathematica
    A000638 = Cases[Import["https://oeis.org/A000638/b000638.txt", "Table"], {, }][[All, 2]];
    (* EulerInvTransform is defined in A022562 *)
    {0} ~Join~ EulerInvTransform[A000638 // Rest] (* Jean-François Alcover, Dec 03 2019, updated Mar 17 2020 *)

Formula

Inverse Euler transform of A000638. Define b(n), c(n), d(): b(1)=d(1)=0. b(k)=A005227(k), k>1. c(k)=A000638(k), k>0. d(k)=a(k), k>1. d is Dirichlet convolution of b and c. - Christian G. Bower, Feb 23 2006

Extensions

a(11) corrected and a(12) added by Christian G. Bower, Feb 23 2006 based on Goetz Pfeiffer's edit to A000638.
Could be extended to a(18) now using the new terms for A000637. - N. J. A. Sloane, Jul 30 2010
a(13) from Liam Naughton, Nov 23 2012
a(14)-a(18) from the inverse Euler transform of A000637. - R. J. Mathar, Mar 03 2015

A029726 Number of conjugacy classes of subgroups of the alternating group A_n.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 2, 5, 9, 22, 40, 137, 223, 430, 788, 2537, 4558, 12136, 24871, 95526, 182234
Offset: 0

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Author

Keywords

Comments

Number of even permutation groups; also number of molecular species based on even permutation groups. - Christian G. Bower, Feb 23 2006

Crossrefs

Cf. A000001, A000638. Unlabeled version of A029725. Euler transform of A116653.

Programs

  • GAP
    # GAP 4.2
    Length(ConjugacyClassesSubgroups(AlternatingGroup(n)));
    
  • Magma
    n := 5; #SubgroupLattice(Alt(n));

Extensions

More terms from Reiner Martin, Dec 30 2001
a(10)-a(13) added by Christian G. Bower, Feb 23 2006 based on Goetz Pfeiffer's web page.
a(14)-a(17) from Vaclav Kotesovec, Jul 21 2022

A001051 Number of subgroups of order n in orthogonal group O(3).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 3, 1, 5, 1, 5, 1, 7, 1, 5, 1, 8, 1, 5, 1, 7, 1, 5, 1, 7, 1, 5, 1, 10, 1, 5, 1, 7, 1, 5, 1, 7, 1, 5, 1, 7, 1, 5, 1, 7, 1, 5, 1, 7, 1, 5, 1, 8, 1, 5, 1, 7, 1, 5, 1, 7, 1, 5, 1, 8, 1, 5, 1, 7, 1, 5, 1, 7, 1, 5, 1, 7, 1, 5, 1, 7, 1, 5, 1, 7, 1, 5, 1, 7, 1, 5, 1, 7, 1, 5, 1, 7, 1, 5, 1, 7, 1, 5, 1, 7, 1, 5, 1, 7, 1, 5, 1, 7, 1, 5, 1, 7, 1, 5, 1, 7, 1, 5, 1, 8
Offset: 1

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Crossrefs

The main sequences concerned with group theory are A000001, A000679, A001034, A001051, A001228, A005180, A000019, A000637, A000638, A002106, A005432, A051881.

Programs

  • Mathematica
    a[2] = 3; a[4] = 5; a[12] = 8; a[24] = 10; a[48] = a[60] = a[120] = 8; a[n_] := Switch[Mod[n, 4], 0, 7, 1, 1, 2, 5, 3, 1]; Table[a[n], {n, 1, 96}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Oct 15 2013 *)
  • PARI
    A001051(n) = if((12==n)||(48==n)||(60==n)||(120==n),8,if(24==n,10,if((4==n)||(2==n),1+n,[1,5,1,7][1+((n-1)%4)]))); \\ Antti Karttunen, Jan 15 2019

Formula

Has period 1 5 1 7 except that a(2) = 3, a(4) = 5, a(12) = 8, a(24) = 10, a(48) = a(60) = a(120) = 8.

Extensions

Data section extended up to a(120) by Antti Karttunen, Jan 15 2019

A005227 Number of atomic species of degree n which are not nontrivial substitutions.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 1, 2, 4, 6, 19, 20, 111, 116, 567, 641, 4718, 4772, 35489, 46012, 389277, 487408, 4616580
Offset: 0

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Keywords

References

  • Labelle, Jacques. Quelques espèces sur les ensembles de petite cardinalité, Ann. Sc. Math. Québec 9.1 (1985): 31-58.
  • N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Crossrefs

Cf. A005226.

Formula

Define b(n), c(n), d(n): b(1)=d(1)=0. b(k)=a(k), k>1. c(k)=A000638(k), k>0, d(k)=A005226(k), k>1. d is Dirichlet convolution of b and c. - Christian G. Bower, Feb 23 2006

Extensions

a(8), a(11) corrected and a(12) added by Christian G. Bower, Feb 23 2006 based on Goetz Pfeiffer's edit to A000638
a(13)-a(18) from Vaclav Kotesovec, Jul 18 2022

A007649 Number of set-like molecular species of degree n.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 2, 3, 7, 9, 20, 26, 54, 74, 137, 184, 356, 473, 841, 1154, 2034, 2742, 4740, 6405, 10874, 14794, 24515, 33246, 54955, 74380, 120501, 163828, 263144, 356621, 567330, 768854, 1212354, 1644335, 2567636, 3478873, 5403223, 7314662, 11265825, 15258443, 23363143, 31608055, 48113280, 65063640, 98501538, 133168305, 200503864
Offset: 0

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Comments

A set-like molecular species is formed from the species of sets, E, through species addition, product and substitution.

References

  • G. Labelle and P. Leroux, Identities and enumeration: weighting connected components, Abstracts Amer. Math. Soc., 15 (1994), Meeting #896.
  • N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Crossrefs

Programs

  • Mathematica
    NN = 66; va = Array[0&, NN]; va[[1]] = 0; va[[2]] = 1; vm = Array[0&, NN]; vm[[1]] = 1; vm[[2]] = 1; For[n = 2, n <= NN - 1, n++, va[[n+1]] = DivisorSum[n , vm[[#+1]]&]; vm[[n+1]] = 1/n*Sum[DivisorSum[k, #*va[[#+1]] &]*vm[[n-k+1]], {k, 1, n}]]; vm (* Jean-François Alcover, Dec 01 2015, adapted from Joerg Arndt's PARI script *)
  • PARI
    /* From the Labelle/Leroux reference */
    N=66; /* that many terms */
    va=vector(N);  va[0+1] = 0; va[1+1] = 1;
    vm=vector(N);  vm[0+1] = 1; vm[1+1] = 1;
    { for(n=2, N-1,
        va[n+1] = sumdiv(n, k, vm[k+1]);
        vm[n+1] = 1/n * sum(k=1, n,  sumdiv(k, d, d*va[d+1]) * vm[n-k+1] );
    ); }
    v007649=vm
    /* v007650=va */
    /* Joerg Arndt, Jul 30 2012 */

Formula

Euler Transform of A007650. Define c(n): c(0)=0. c(k)=a(k), k>0. A007650=MOEBIUSi(c)-c. - Christian G. Bower, Feb 23 2006

Extensions

Added more terms, Joerg Arndt, Jul 30 2012

A051881 Number of subgroups of order n in special orthogonal group SO(3).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1
Offset: 1

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Keywords

Examples

			The groups are "nn", of order n; "22n", of order 2n; "332", "432", "532" of orders 12,24,60.
		

Crossrefs

The main sequences concerned with group theory are A000001, A000679, A001034, A001051, A001228, A005180, A000019, A000637, A000638, A002106, A005432, A051881.

Programs

  • Mathematica
    a[2] = 1; a[12|24|60] = 3; a[n_] := 2-Mod[n, 2]; Array[a, 105] (* Jean-François Alcover, Nov 12 2015 *)
  • PARI
    a(n)=if(n==2||n==12||n==24||n==60, if(n>2,3,1), if(n%2,1,2)) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Nov 10 2015
    
  • Python
    def a(n):
        if n == 2:
            return 1
        elif n in {12, 24, 60}:
            return 3
        else:
            return 2 - n % 2 # Paul Muljadi, Oct 21 2024

Formula

Has period 1, 2 except for a(2) = 1, a(12) = a(24) = a(60) = 3.

Extensions

More terms from James Sellers and David W. Wilson, Dec 16 1999
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