A007481 -id:A007481 - cp's OEIS frontend

A055099 Expansion of g.f.: (1 + x)/(1 - 3x - 2x^2).

1, 4, 14, 50, 178, 634, 2258, 8042, 28642, 102010, 363314, 1293962, 4608514, 16413466, 58457426, 208199210, 741512482, 2640935866, 9405832562, 33499369418, 119309773378, 424928058970, 1513403723666, 5390067288938, 19197009314146, 68371162520314, 243507506189234

Offset: 0

Wolfdieter Lang, Apr 26 2000

Row sums of triangle A054458.
a(n) = term (1,1) in M^n, M = the 3 X 3 matrix [1,1,1; 1,1,1; 2,2,1]. - Gary W. Adamson, Mar 12 2009
Equals the INVERT transform of A001333: (1, 3, 7, 17, 41, 99, ...). - Gary W. Adamson, Aug 14 2010
a(n) is the number of one sided n-step walks taking steps from {(0,1), (-1,0), (1,0), (1,1)}. - Shanzhen Gao, May 13 2011
Number of quaternary words of length n on {0,1,2,3} containing no subwords 03 or 30. - Philippe Deléham, Apr 27 2012
Pisano period lengths: 1, 1, 4, 1, 24, 4, 48, 1, 12, 24, 30, 4, 12, 48, 24, 2, 272, 12, 18, 24, ... - R. J. Mathar, Aug 10 2012
a(n) = A007481(2*n+1) - A007481(2*n) = A007481(2*(n+1)) - A007481(2*n+1). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Oct 25 2015
Number of length-n words on a,b,c,d avoiding aa and ab. For n >= 1, the number of such words ending with a or the number of those ending with b is A007482(n-1), and the number of those ending with c or the number of those ending with d is a(n-1). - Jianing Song, Jun 01 2022

			a(3) = 50 because among the 4^3 = 64 quaternary words of length 3 only 14 namely 003, 030, 031, 032, 033, 103, 130, 203, 230, 300, 301, 302, 303, 330 contain the subwords 03 or 30. - _Philippe Deléham_, Apr 27 2012

I. P. Goulden and D. M. Jackson, Combinatorial Enumeration, Wiley, N.Y., 1983, (Problem 2.4.6).

Alois P. Heinz, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1000
M. Abrate, S. Barbero, U. Cerruti, and N. Murru, Construction and composition of rooted trees via descent functions, Algebra, Volume 2013 (2013), Article ID 543913, 11 pages.
D. Birmajer, J. B. Gil, and M. D. Weiner, On the Enumeration of Restricted Words over a Finite Alphabet, J. Int. Seq. 19 (2016) # 16.1.3 , example 17
A. S. Fraenkel, Heap games, numeration systems and sequences, arXiv:math/9809074 [math.CO], 1998; Annals of Combinatorics, 2 (1998), 197-210.
Shanzhen Gao and Keh-Hsun Chen, Tackling Sequences From Prudent Self-Avoiding Walks, FCS'14, The 2014 International Conference on Foundations of Computer Science.
S. Gao and H. Niederhausen, Sequences Arising From Prudent Self-Avoiding Walks, 2010.
Sergey Kitaev and Jeffrey Remmel, (a,b)-rectangle patterns in permutations and words, arXiv:1304.4286 [math.CO], 2013.
Paul K. Stockmeyer, The Pascal Rhombus and the Stealth Configuration, arXiv:1504.04404 [math.CO], 2015.
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (3,2).

Column k=2 of A255256.

Cf. A001333, A002203, A007481, A007482, A054458, A104934, A202396.

a055099 n = a007481 (2 * n + 1) - a007481 (2 * n)
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Oct 25 2015

I:=[1,4]; [n le 2 select I[n] else 3*Self(n-1) + 2*Self(n-2): n in [1..41]]; // G. C. Greubel, Jun 27 2021

a := proc(n) option remember; `if`(n < 2, [1, 4][n+1], (3*a(n-1) + 2*a(n-2))) end:
seq(a(n), n=0..23); # Peter Luschny, Jan 06 2019

max = 24; cv = ContinuedFraction[ Sqrt[2], max] // Convergents // Numerator; Series[ 1/(1 - cv.x^Range[max]), {x, 0, max}] // CoefficientList[#, x]& // Rest (* Jean-François Alcover, Jun 21 2013, after Gary W. Adamson *)
LinearRecurrence[{3, 2}, {1, 4}, 24] (* Jean-François Alcover, Sep 23 2017 *)

[(i*sqrt(2))^(n-1)*( i*sqrt(2)*chebyshev_U(n, -3*i/(2*sqrt(2))) + chebyshev_U(n-1, -3*i/(2*sqrt(2))) ) for n in (0..40)] # G. C. Greubel, Jun 27 2021

a(n) = a*c^n - b*d^n, a := (5 + sqrt(17))/(2*sqrt(17)), b := (5 - sqrt(17))/(2*sqrt(17)), c := (3 + sqrt(17))/2, d := (3 - sqrt(17))/2.
a(n) = Sum_{m=0..n} A054458(n, m).
a(n) = F32(n) + F32(n-1) with F32(n) = A007482(n), n >= 1, a(0) = 1.
a(n) = A007482(n) + A007482(n-1) = 2*A007482(n) - A104934(n). - R. J. Mathar, Jul 23 2010
a(n) = 3*a(n-1) + 2*a(n-2) with a(0) = 1, a(1) = 4. - Vincenzo Librandi, Dec 08 2010
a(n) = (Sum_{k = 0..n} A202396(n,k)*3^k)/2^n. - Philippe Deléham, Feb 05 2012
a(n) = (i*sqrt(2))^(n-1)*( i*sqrt(2)*ChebyshevU(n, -3*i/(2*sqrt(2))) + ChebyshevU(n-1, -3*i/(2*sqrt(2))) ). - G. C. Greubel, Jun 27 2021
a(n) = 2*a(n-1) + 2*A007482(n-1), n >= 1. - Jianing Song, Jun 01 2022
E.g.f.: exp(3*x/2)*(17*cosh(sqrt(17)*x/2) + 5*sqrt(17)*sinh(sqrt(17)*x/2))/17. - Stefano Spezia, May 24 2024

Edited by N. J. A. Sloane, Jun 08 2010

A007482 a(n) is the number of subsequences of [ 1, ..., 2n ] in which each odd number has an even neighbor.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 3, 11, 39, 139, 495, 1763, 6279, 22363, 79647, 283667, 1010295, 3598219, 12815247, 45642179, 162557031, 578955451, 2061980415, 7343852147, 26155517271, 93154256107, 331773802863, 1181629920803, 4208437368135

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane

The even neighbor must differ from the odd number by exactly one.
If we defined this sequence by the recurrence (a(n) = 3*a(n-1) + 2*a(n-2)) that it satisfies, we could prefix it with an initial 0.
a(n) equals term (1,2) in M^n, M = the 3 X 3 matrix [1,1,2; 1,0,1; 2,1,1]. - Gary W. Adamson, Mar 12 2009
a(n) equals term (2,2) in M^n, M = the 3 X 3 matrix [0,1,0; 1,3,1; 0,1,0]. - Paul Barry, Sep 18 2009
From Gary W. Adamson, Aug 06 2010: (Start)
Starting with "1" = INVERT transform of A002605: (1, 2, 6, 16, 44, ...).
Example: a(3) = 39 = (16, 6, 2, 1) dot (1, 1, 3, 11) = (16 + 6 + 6 + 11). (End)
Pisano periods: 1, 1, 4, 1, 24, 4, 48, 2, 12, 24, 30, 4, 12, 48, 24, 4,272, 12, 18, 24, ... . - R. J. Mathar, Aug 10 2012
A007482 is also the number of ways of tiling a 3 X n rectangle with 1 X 1 squares, 2 X 2 squares and 2 X 1 (vertical) dominoes. - R. K. Guy, May 20 2015
With offset 1 (a(0) = 0, a(1) = 1) this is a divisibility sequence. - Michael Somos, Jun 03 2015
Number of elements of size 2^(-n) in a fractal generated by the second-order reversible cellular automaton, rule 150R (see the reference and the link). - Yuriy Sibirmovsky, Oct 04 2016
a(n) is the number of compositions (ordered partitions) of n into parts 1 (of three kinds) and 2 (of two kinds). - Joerg Arndt, Oct 05 2016
a(n) equals the number of words of length n over {0,1,2,3,4} in which 0 and 1 avoid runs of odd lengths. - Milan Janjic, Jan 08 2017
Start with a single cell at coordinates (0, 0), then iteratively subdivide the grid into 2 X 2 cells and remove the cells that have two '1's in their modulo 3 coordinates. a(n) is the number of cells after n iterations. Cell configuration converges to a fractal with approximate dimension 1.833. - Peter Karpov, Apr 20 2017
This is the Lucas sequence U(P=3,Q=-2), and hence for n>=0, a(n+2)/a(n+1) equals the continued fraction 3 + 2/(3 + 2/(3 + 2/(3 + ... + 2/3))) with n 2's. - Greg Dresden, Oct 06 2019

			G.f. = 1 + 3*x + 11*x^2 + 39*x^3 + 139*x^4 + 495*x^5 + 1763*x^6 + ...
From _M. F. Hasler_, Jun 16 2019: (Start)
For n = 0, (1, ..., 2n) = () is the empty sequence, which is equal to its only subsequence, which satisfies the condition voidly, whence a(0) = 1.
For n = 1, (1, ..., 2n) = (1, 2); among the four subsequences {(), (1), (2), (1,2)} only (1) does not satisfy the condition, whence a(1) = 3.
For n = 2, (1, ..., 2n) = (1, 2, 3, 4); among the sixteen subsequences {(), ..., (1,2,3,4)}, the 5 subsequences (1), (3), (1,3), (2,3,4) and (1,2,3,4) do not satisfy the condition, whence a(2) = 16 - 5 = 11.
(End)

N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).
Stephen Wolfram, A New Kind of Science, Wolfram Media, 2002, p. 439.

T. D. Noe, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..200
Paul Barry, Notes on Riordan arrays and lattice paths, arXiv:2504.09719 [math.CO], 2025. See pp. 13, 29.
Alexander Burstein and Opel Jones, Enumeration of Dumont permutations avoiding certain four-letter patterns, arXiv:2002.12189 [math.CO], 2020.
R. K. Guy and William O. J. Moser, Numbers of subsequences without isolated odd members, Fibonacci Quarterly, 34, No. 2, 152-155 (1996). Math. Rev. 97d:11017.
INRIA Algorithms Project, Encyclopedia of Combinatorial Structures 442
Peter Karpov, InvMem, Item 26
Peter Karpov, Illustration of initial terms (n = 1..8)
Yuriy Sibirmovsky, A fractal with number of elements described by a(n)
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (3,2).

Row sums of triangle A073387.
Cf. A000045, A000129, A001045, A007455, A007481, A007483, A007484, A015518, A201000 (prime subsequence), A052913 (binomial transform), A026597 (inverse binomial transform).
Cf. A206776.

a007482 n = a007482_list !! (n-1)
a007482_list = 1 : 3 : zipWith (+)
               (map (* 3) $ tail a007482_list) (map (* 2) a007482_list)
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Oct 21 2015

I:=[1,3]; [n le 2 select I[n] else 3*Self(n-1) + 2*Self(n-2): n in [1..30]]; // G. C. Greubel, Jan 16 2018

a := n -> `if`(n=0, 1, 3^n*hypergeom([(1-n)/2,-n/2], [-n], -8/9)):
seq(simplify(a(n)), n = 0..23); # Peter Luschny, Jun 28 2017

a[n_]:=(MatrixPower[{{1,4},{1,2}},n].{{1},{1}})[[2,1]]; Table[a[n],{n,0,40}] (* Vladimir Joseph Stephan Orlovsky, Feb 19 2010 *)
LinearRecurrence[{3,2},{1,3},30] (* Harvey P. Dale, May 25 2013 *)
a[ n_] := Module[ {m = n + 1, s = 1}, If[ m < 0, {m, s} = -{m, (-2)^m}]; s SeriesCoefficient[ x / (1 - 3 x - 2 x^2), {x, 0, m}]]; (* Michael Somos, Jun 03 2015 *)
a[ n_] := With[{m = n + 1}, If[ m < 0, (-2)^m a[ -m], Expand[((3 + Sqrt[17])/2)^m - ((3 - Sqrt[17])/2)^m ] / Sqrt[17]]]; (* Michael Somos, Oct 13 2016 *)

a(n) := if n=0 then 1 elseif n=1 then 3 else 3*a(n-1)+2*a(n-2);
makelist(a(n),n,0,12); /* Emanuele Munarini, Jun 28 2017 */

{a(n) = 2*imag(( (3 + quadgen(68)) / 2)^(n+1))}; /* Michael Somos, Jun 03 2015 */

[lucas_number1(n,3,-2) for n in range(1, 25)] # Zerinvary Lajos, Apr 22 2009

G.f.: 1/(1-3*x-2*x^2).
a(n) = 3*a(n-1) + 2*a(n-2).
a(n) = (ap^(n+1)-am^(n+1))/(ap-am), where ap = (3+sqrt(17))/2 and am = (3-sqrt(17))/2.
Let b(0) = 1, b(k) = floor(b(k-1)) + 2/b(k-1); then, for n>0, b(n) = a(n)/a(n-1). - Benoit Cloitre, Sep 09 2002
The Hankel transform of this sequence is [1,2,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,...]. - Philippe Deléham, Nov 21 2007
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..floor(n/2)} binomial(n-k, k)2^k*3^(n-2k). - Paul Barry, Apr 23 2005
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} A112906(n,k). - Philippe Deléham, Nov 21 2007
a(n) = - a(-2-n) * (-2)^(n+1) for all n in Z. - Michael Somos, Jun 03 2015
If c = (3 + sqrt(17))/2, then c^n = (A206776(n) + sqrt(17)*a(n-1)) / 2. - Michael Somos, Oct 13 2016
a(n) = 3^n*hypergeom([(1-n)/2,-n/2], [-n], -8/9) for n>=1. - Peter Luschny, Jun 28 2017
a(n) = round(((sqrt(17) + 3)/2)^(n+1)/sqrt(17)). The distance of the argument from the nearest integer is about 1/2^(n+3). - M. F. Hasler, Jun 16 2019
E.g.f.: (1/17)*exp(3*x/2)*(17*cosh(sqrt(17)*x/2) + 3*sqrt(17)*sinh(sqrt(17)*x/2)). - Stefano Spezia, Oct 07 2019
a(n) = (sqrt(2)*i)^n * ChebyshevU(n, -3*i/(2*sqrt(2))). - G. C. Greubel, Dec 24 2021
G.f.: 1/(1 - 3*x - 2*x^2) = Sum_{n >= 0} x^n * Product_{k = 1..n} (k + 2*x + 2)/(1 + k*x) (a telescoping series). Cf. A015518. - Peter Bala, May 08 2024

A007484 a(n) = 3a(n-1) + 2a(n-2), with a(0)=2, a(1)=7.

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 7, 25, 89, 317, 1129, 4021, 14321, 51005, 181657, 646981, 2304257, 8206733, 29228713, 104099605, 370756241, 1320467933, 4702916281, 16749684709, 59654886689, 212464029485, 756701861833, 2695033644469, 9598504657073, 34185581260157, 121753753094617, 433632421804165

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane

Number of subsequences of [1,...,2n+1] in which each even number has an odd neighbor.
Same as Pisot sequence E(2,7) (see A008776).
8*a(n) = A007482(n+2) + A007483(n+1) (conjectured, see A104934 for related formula). - Creighton Dement, Apr 15 2005
Conjecture verified using generating functions. - Robert Israel, Jul 12 2018
a(n) = sum of the elements of the matrix M^n, where M = {{1, 2}, {2, 2}}. - Griffin N. Macris, Mar 25 2016
a(3) = 25 is the only composite among the first 8 terms, but then the density of primes decreases, dropping below 50% at the 27th term. - M. F. Hasler, Jul 12 2018
a(n) is also the number of dominating sets in the (2n+1)-triangular snake graph for n > 0. - Eric W. Weisstein, Jun 09 2019

			G.f. = 2 + 7*x + 25*x^2 + 89*x^3 + 317*x^4 + 1129*x^5 + ... - _Michael Somos_, Jul 19 2021

N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Reinhard Zumkeller, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1000
R. K. Guy and W. O. J. Moser, Numbers of subsequences without isolated odd members, Fibonacci Quarterly 34:2 (1996), pp. 152-155.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Dominating Set
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Triangular Snake Graph
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (3,2).

Cf. A007455, A007481, A007483, A007484, A104934.

See A008776 for definitions of Pisot sequences.

a007484 n = a007484_list !! n
a007484_list = 2 : 7 : zipWith (+)
               (map (* 3) $ tail a007484_list) (map (* 2) a007484_list)
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Nov 02 2015

A007484:=[2, 7]; [n le 2 select A007484[n] else 3*Self(n-1)+2*Self(n-2): n in [1..40]]; // Wesley Ivan Hurt, Jan 24 2017

A007484 := proc(n) option remember; if n=0 then 2; elif n=1 then 7; else 3*A007484(n-1)+2*A007484(n-2); fi; end;

LinearRecurrence[{3, 2}, {2, 7}, 40] (* Harvey P. Dale, Apr 24 2012 *)
Table[(2^-n ((3 - Sqrt[17])^n (-4 + Sqrt[17]) + (3 + Sqrt[17])^n (4 + Sqrt[17])))/Sqrt[17], {n, 0, 20}] // Expand (* Eric W. Weisstein, Jun 09 2019 *)
CoefficientList[Series[(2+x)/(1 -3x -2x^2), {x, 0, 20}], x] (* Eric W. Weisstein, Jun 09 2019 *)
a[ n_] := MatrixPower[{{1, 2}, {2, 2}}, n]//Flatten//Total; (* Michael Somos, Jul 19 2021 *)

a(n)=([0,1; 2,3]^n*[2;7])[1,1] \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Mar 25 2016

A007484_vec(N)=Vec((2+x)/(1-3*x-2*x^2)+O(x^n)) \\ M. F. Hasler, Jul 12 2018

[(i*sqrt(2))^(n-1)*( i*2*sqrt(2)*chebyshev_U(n, -3*i/(2*sqrt(2))) + chebyshev_U(n-1, -3*i/(2*sqrt(2))) ) for n in (0..30)] # G. C. Greubel, Jul 18 2021

a(n) = nearest integer to (and converges rapidly to) (1+4/sqrt(17))*((3+sqrt(17))/2)^n. - N. J. A. Sloane, Jul 30 2016
If p[i] = Fibonacci(i+2) and if A is the Hessenberg matrix of order n defined by: A[i,j]=p[j-i+1], (i<=j), A[i,j]=-1, (i=j+1), and A[i,j]=0 otherwise. Then, for n>=1, a(n-1)= det A. - Milan Janjic, May 08 2010
G.f.: (2 + x)/(1 - 3*x - 2*x^2). - M. F. Hasler, Jul 12 2018
From G. C. Greubel, Jul 18 2021: (Start)
a(n) = (i*sqrt(2))^(n-1)*( i*2*sqrt(2)*ChebyshevU(n, -3*i/(2*sqrt(2))) + ChebyshevU(n-1, -3*i/(2*sqrt(2))) ).
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..floor(n/2)} binomial(n-k, k)*((7*n-8*k)/(n-k))*2^k*3^(n-2*k-1) with a(0) = 2. (End)
If we extend the definition of A007483(m) to negative m by using the recurrence, then a(n) = A007483(-3-n)*(-2)^n holds for all n in Z. - Michael Somos, Jul 19 2021
E.g.f.: 2*exp(3*x/2)*(17*cosh(sqrt(17)*x/2) + 4*sqrt(17)*sinh(sqrt(17)*x/2))/17. - Stefano Spezia, May 24 2024

Definition edited by N. J. A. Sloane, Jul 30 2016

A007455 Number of subsequences of [ 1,...,n ] in which each odd number has an even neighbor.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 3, 5, 11, 17, 39, 61, 139, 217, 495, 773, 1763, 2753, 6279, 9805, 22363, 34921, 79647, 124373, 283667, 442961, 1010295, 1577629, 3598219, 5618809, 12815247, 20011685, 45642179, 71272673, 162557031, 253841389, 578955451, 904069513

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane, Mira Bernstein

N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

T. D. Noe, Table of n, a(n) for n=0..400
R. K. Guy, William O. J. Moser, Numbers of subsequences without isolated odd members, Fibonacci Quarterly, 34, No. 2, 152-155 (1996).
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (0,3,0,2).

Cf. A007481, A007482, A007484.

a007455_list = 1 : 1 : 3 : 5 : zipWith (+)
   (map (* 2) a007455_list) (map (* 3) $ drop 2 a007455_list)
a007455 n = a007455_list !! n
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Jul 16 2012

CoefficientList[Series[(-1-x-2 x^3)/(-1+3 x^2+2 x^4),{x,0,40}],x]  (* Harvey P. Dale, Feb 18 2011 *)
LinearRecurrence[{0,3,0,2},{1,1,3,5},40] (* Harvey P. Dale, Feb 10 2015 *)

A007455(n)=[n%2*2+3,1]*([3,1;2,0]^(n\2-1))[,1] \\ M. F. Hasler, Jun 19 2019

a(n) = 3*a(n-2) + 2*a(n-4).

G.f. = (1 + x + 2 x^3)/(1 - 3 x^2 - 2 x^4). - Harvey P. Dale, Feb 18 2011, edited by M. F. Hasler, Jun 19 2019

cp's OEIS Frontend

A055099 Expansion of g.f.: (1 + x)/(1 - 3*x - 2*x^2).

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A007482 a(n) is the number of subsequences of [ 1, ..., 2n ] in which each odd number has an even neighbor.

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A007484 a(n) = 3*a(n-1) + 2*a(n-2), with a(0)=2, a(1)=7.

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Programs

Haskell

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A007455 Number of subsequences of [ 1,...,n ] in which each odd number has an even neighbor.

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Haskell

Mathematica

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Formula

A055099 Expansion of g.f.: (1 + x)/(1 - 3x - 2x^2).

A007484 a(n) = 3a(n-1) + 2a(n-2), with a(0)=2, a(1)=7.