A025613 -id:A025613 - cp's OEIS frontend

A003586 3-smooth numbers: numbers of the form 2^i*3^j with i, j >= 0.

1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12, 16, 18, 24, 27, 32, 36, 48, 54, 64, 72, 81, 96, 108, 128, 144, 162, 192, 216, 243, 256, 288, 324, 384, 432, 486, 512, 576, 648, 729, 768, 864, 972, 1024, 1152, 1296, 1458, 1536, 1728, 1944, 2048, 2187, 2304, 2592, 2916, 3072, 3456, 3888

Offset: 1

Paul Zimmermann, Dec 11 1996

This sequence is easily confused with A033845, which gives numbers of the form 2^i*3^j with i, j >= 1. Don't simply say "numbers of the form 2^i*3^j", but specify which sequence you mean. - N. J. A. Sloane, May 26 2024
These numbers were once called "harmonic numbers", see Lenstra links. - N. J. A. Sloane, Jul 03 2015
Successive numbers k such that phi(6k) = 2k. - Artur Jasinski, Nov 05 2008
Where record values greater than 1 occur in A088468: A160519(n) = A088468(a(n)). - Reinhard Zumkeller, May 16 2009
Also numbers that are divisible by neither 6k - 1 nor 6k + 1, for all k > 0. - Robert G. Wilson v, Oct 26 2010
Also numbers m such that the rooted tree with Matula-Goebel number m has m antichains. The Matula-Goebel number of a rooted tree can be defined in the following recursive manner: to the one-vertex tree there corresponds the number 1; to a tree T with root degree 1 there corresponds the t-th prime number, where t is the Matula-Goebel number of the tree obtained from T by deleting the edge emanating from the root; to a tree T with root degree m>=2 there corresponds the product of the Matula-Goebel numbers of the m branches of T. The vertices of a rooted tree can be regarded as a partially ordered set, where u<=v holds for two vertices u and v if and only if u lies on the unique path between v and the root. An antichain is a nonempty set of mutually incomparable vertices. Example: m=4 is in the sequence because the corresponding rooted tree is \/=ARB (R is the root) having 4 antichains (A, R, B, AB). - Emeric Deutsch, Jan 30 2012
A204455(3*a(n)) = 3, and only for these numbers. - Wolfdieter Lang, Feb 04 2012
The number of terms less than or equal to n is Sum_{i=0..floor(log_2(n))} floor(log_3(n/2^i) + 1), or Sum_{i=0..floor(log_3(n))} floor(log_2(n/3^i) + 1), which requires fewer terms to compute. - Robert G. Wilson v, Aug 17 2012
Named 3-friables in French. - Michel Marcus, Jul 17 2013
In the 14th century Levi Ben Gerson proved that the only pairs of terms which differ by 1 are (1,2), (2,3), (3,4), and (8,9); see A235365, A235366, A236210. - Jonathan Sondow, Jan 20 2014
Range of values of A000005(n) (and also A181819(n)) for cubefree numbers n. - Matthew Vandermast, May 14 2014
A036561 is a permutation of this sequence. - L. Edson Jeffery, Sep 22 2014
Also the sorted union of A000244 and A007694. - Lei Zhou, Apr 19 2017
The sum of the reciprocals of the 3-smooth numbers is equal to 3. Brief proof: 1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + 1/4 + 1/6 + 1/8 + 1/9 + ... = (Sum_{k>=0} 1/2^k) * (Sum_{m>=0} 1/3^m) = (1/(1-1/2)) * (1/(1-1/3)) = (2/(2-1)) * (3/(3-1)) = 3. - Bernard Schott, Feb 19 2019
Also those integers k for which, for every prime p > 3, p^(2k) - 1 == 0 (mod 24k). - Federico Provvedi, May 23 2022
For n>1, the exponents’ parity {parity(i), parity(j)} of one out of four consecutive terms is {odd, odd}. Therefore, for n>1, at least one out of every four consecutive terms is a Zumkeller number (A083207). If for the term whose parity is {even, odd}, even also means nonzero, then this term is also a Zumkeller number (as is the case with the last of the four consecutive terms 1296, 1458, 1536, 1728). - Ivan N. Ianakiev, Jul 10 2022
Except the initial terms 2, 3, 4, 8, 9 and 16, these are numbers k such that k^6 divides 6^k. Except the initial terms 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 16, 18 and 27, these are numbers k such that k^12 divides 12^k. - Mohammed Yaseen, Jul 21 2022
In music theory, a comma is a ratio, close to 1 (typically less than 1.04), between two natural numbers divisible by only small primes (typically single digit). In this sequence, a(131) / a(130) = 531441 / 524288 ~ 1.013643 is the Pythagorean comma (A221363), the difference between 12 perfect fifths and 7 octaves. - Hal M. Switkay, Mar 23 2025

J.-M. De Koninck & A. Mercier, 1001 Problèmes en Théorie Classique des Nombres, Problème 654 pp. 85, 287-8, Ellipses Paris 2004.
S. Ramanujan, Collected Papers, Ed. G. H. Hardy et al., Cambridge 1927; Chelsea, NY, 1962, p. xxiv.
R. Tijdeman, Some applications of Diophantine approximation, pp. 261-284 of Surveys in Number Theory (Urbana, May 21, 2000), ed. M. A. Bennett et al., Peters, 2003.

Lei Zhou, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000 (first 501 terms from Franklin T. Adams-Watters)
R. Blecksmith, M. McCallum and J. L. Selfridge, 3-smooth representations of integers, Amer. Math. Monthly, 105 (1998), 529-543.
Thierry Bousch, La Tour de Stockmeyer, Séminaire Lotharingien de Combinatoire 77 (2017), Article B77d.
Benoit Cloitre, a(n)/((1/sqrt(6))*exp(sqrt(2*log(2)*log(3)*n))) for 0

Natalia da Silva, Serban Raianu, and Hector Salgado, Differences of Harmonic Numbers and the abc-Conjecture, arXiv:1708.00620 [math.NT], 2017.
Emeric Deutsch, Rooted tree statistics from Matula numbers, arXiv:1111.4288 [math.CO], 2011.
David Eppstein, Making Change in 2048, arXiv:1804.07396 [cs.DM], 2018.
F. Goebel, On a 1-1-correspondence between rooted trees and natural numbers, J. Combin. Theory, B 29 (1980), 141-143.
I. Gutman and A. Ivic, On Matula numbers, Discrete Math., 150, 1996, 131-142.
I. Gutman and Yeong-Nan Yeh, Deducing properties of trees from their Matula numbers, Publ. Inst. Math., 53 (67), 1993, 17-22.
A. M. Hinz, S. Klavžar, U. Milutinović, and C. Petr, The Tower of Hanoi - Myths and Maths, Birkhäuser 2013. See page 252. Book's website
H. W. Lenstra Jr., Harmonic Numbers
H. W. Lenstra, Jr., Harmonic Numbers and the ABC-conjecture, Abstract of talk, May 30, 2001 [Annotated scanned copy]
D. Matula, A natural rooted tree enumeration by prime factorization, SIAM Rev. 10 (1968) 273.
D. J. Mintz, 2,3 sequence as a binary mixture, Fib. Quarterly, Vol. 19, No 4, Oct 1981, pp. 351-360.
I. Peterson, Medieval Harmony
Raphael Schumacher, The Formulas for the Distribution of the 3-Smooth, 5-Smooth, 7-Smooth and all other Smooth Numbers, arXiv preprint arXiv:1608.06928 [math.NT], 2016.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Smooth Number

Cf. A051037, A002473, A051038, A080197, A080681, A080682, A117221, A105420, A062051, A117222, A117220, A090184, A131096, A131097, A186711, A186712, A186771, A088468, A061987, A080683 (p-smooth numbers with other values of p), A025613 (a subsequence).
Cf. also A235365, A235366, A236210, A036561.
Cf. also A000244, A007694. - Lei Zhou, Apr 19 2017
Cf. A191475 (successive values of i), A191476 (successive values of j), A022330 (indices of the pure terms 2^i), A022331 (indices of the pure terms 3^j). - N. J. A. Sloane, May 26 2024
Cf. A221363.

import Data.Set (Set, singleton, insert, deleteFindMin)
smooth :: Set Integer -> [Integer]
smooth s = x : smooth (insert (3*x) $ insert (2*x) s')
  where (x, s') = deleteFindMin s
a003586_list = smooth (singleton 1)
a003586 n = a003586_list !! (n-1)
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Dec 16 2010

[n: n in [1..4000] | PrimeDivisors(n) subset [2,3]]; // Bruno Berselli, Sep 24 2012

A003586 := proc(n) option remember; if n = 1 then 1; else for a from procname(n-1)+1 do numtheory[factorset](a) minus {2,3} ; if % = {} then return a; end if; end do: end if; end proc: # R. J. Mathar, Feb 28 2011
with(numtheory): for i from 1 to 23328 do if(i/phi(i)=3)then print(i/6) fi od; # Gary Detlefs, Jun 28 2011

a[1] = 1; j = 1; k = 1; n = 100; For[k = 2, k <= n, k++, If[2*a[k - j] < 3^j, a[k] = 2*a[k - j], {a[k] = 3^j, j++}]]; Table[a[i], {i, 1, n}] (* Hai He (hai(AT)mathteach.net) and Gilbert Traub, Dec 28 2004 *)
aa = {}; Do[If[EulerPhi[6 n] == 2 n, AppendTo[aa, n]], {n, 1, 1000}]; aa (* Artur Jasinski, Nov 05 2008 *)
fQ[n_] := Union[ MemberQ[{1, 5}, # ] & /@ Union@ Mod[ Rest@ Divisors@ n, 6]] == {False}; fQ[1] = True; Select[ Range@ 4000, fQ] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Oct 26 2010 *)
powerOfTwo = 12; Select[Nest[Union@Join[#, 2*#, 3*#] &, {1}, powerOfTwo-1], # < 2^powerOfTwo &] (* Robert G. Wilson v and T. D. Noe, Mar 03 2011 *)
fQ[n_] := n == 3 EulerPhi@ n; Select[6 Range@ 4000, fQ]/6 (* Robert G. Wilson v, Jul 08 2011 *)
mx = 4000; Sort@ Flatten@ Table[2^i*3^j, {i, 0, Log[2, mx]}, {j, 0, Log[3, mx/2^i]}] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Aug 17 2012 *)
f[n_] := Block[{p2, p3 = 3^Range[0, Floor@ Log[3, n] + 1]}, p2 = 2^Floor[Log[2, n/p3] + 1]; Min[ Select[ p2*p3, IntegerQ]]]; NestList[f, 1, 54] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Aug 22 2012 *)
Select[Range@4000, Last@Map[First, FactorInteger@#] <= 3 &] (* Vincenzo Librandi, Aug 25 2016 *)
Select[Range[4000],Max[FactorInteger[#][[All,1]]]<4&] (* Harvey P. Dale, Jan 11 2017 *)

test(n)=for(p=2,3, while(n%p==0, n/=p)); n==1;
for(n=1,4000,if(test(n),print1(n",")))

list(lim)=my(v=List(),N);for(n=0,log(lim\1+.5)\log(3),N=3^n;while(N<=lim,listput(v,N);N<<=1));vecsort(Vec(v)) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Jun 28 2011

is_A003586(n)=n<5||vecmax(factor(n,5)[, 1])<5 \\ M. F. Hasler, Jan 16 2015

list(lim)=my(v=List(), N); for(n=0, logint(lim\=1,3), N=3^n; while(N<=lim, listput(v, N); N<<=1)); Set(v) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Jan 10 2018

from itertools import count, takewhile
def aupto(lim):
    pows2 = list(takewhile(lambda x: xMichael S. Branicky, Jul 08 2022

from sympy import integer_log
def A003586(n):
    def bisection(f,kmin=0,kmax=1):
        while f(kmax) > kmax: kmax <<= 1
        while kmax-kmin > 1:
            kmid = kmax+kmin>>1
            if f(kmid) <= kmid:
                kmax = kmid
            else:
                kmin = kmid
        return kmax
    def f(x): return n+x-sum((x//3**i).bit_length() for i in range(integer_log(x,3)[0]+1))
    return bisection(f,n,n) # Chai Wah Wu, Sep 15 2024

# faster for initial segment of sequence
import heapq
from itertools import islice
def A003586gen(): # generator of terms
    v, oldv, h, psmooth_primes, = 1, 0, [1], [2, 3]
    while True:
        v = heapq.heappop(h)
        if v != oldv:
            yield v
            oldv = v
            for p in psmooth_primes:
                heapq.heappush(h, v*p)
print(list(islice(A003586gen(), 65))) # Michael S. Branicky, Sep 17 2024
(C++) // Returns A003586 <= threshold without approximations nor sorting
#include 
std::forward_list A003586(const int threshold) {
    std::forward_list sequence;
    auto start_it = sequence.before_begin();
    for (int i = 1; i <= threshold; i *= 2) {
        for (int inc = 1; std::next(start_it) != sequence.end() && inc <= i; inc *= 3)
            ++start_it;
        auto it = start_it;
        for (int j = 1; i * j <= threshold; j *= 3) {
            sequence.emplace_after(it, i * j);
            for (int inc = 1; std::next(it) != sequence.end() && inc <= i; inc *= 2)
                ++it;
        }
    }
    return sequence;
} // Eben Gino Lester, Apr 17 2025

def isA003586(n) :
    return not any(d != 2 and d != 3 for d in prime_divisors(n))
@CachedFunction
def A003586(n) :
    if n == 1 : return 1
    k = A003586(n-1) + 1
    while not isA003586(k) : k += 1
    return k
[A003586(n) for n in (1..55)] # Peter Luschny, Jul 20 2012

An asymptotic formula for a(n) is roughly a(n) ~ 1/sqrt(6)*exp(sqrt(2*log(2)*log(3)*n)). - Benoit Cloitre, Nov 20 2001
A061987(n) = a(n + 1) - a(n), a(A084791(n)) = A084789(n), a(A084791(n) + 1) = A084790(n). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Jun 03 2003
Union of powers of 2 and 3 with n such that psi(n) = 2*n, where psi(n) = n*Product_(1 + 1/p) over all prime factors p of n = A001615(n). - Lekraj Beedassy, Sep 07 2004; corrected by Franklin T. Adams-Watters, Mar 19 2009
a(n) = 2^A022328(n)*3^A022329(n). - N. J. A. Sloane, Mar 19 2009
The characteristic function of this sequence is given by Sum_{n >= 1} x^a(n) = Sum_{n >= 1} moebius(6*n)*x^n/(1 - x^n). - Paul D. Hanna, Sep 18 2011
a(n) = A007694(n+1)/2. - Lei Zhou, Apr 19 2017

Deleted claim that this sequence is union of 2^n (A000079) and 3^n (A000244) sequences -- this does not include the terms which are not pure powers. - Walter Roscello (wroscello(AT)comcast.net), Nov 16 2008

A191113 Increasing sequence generated by these rules: a(1)=1, and if x is in a then 3x-2 and 4x-2 are in a.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 4, 6, 10, 14, 16, 22, 28, 38, 40, 46, 54, 62, 64, 82, 86, 110, 112, 118, 136, 150, 158, 160, 182, 184, 190, 214, 244, 246, 254, 256, 326, 328, 334, 342, 352, 406, 438, 446, 448, 470, 472, 478, 542, 544, 550, 568, 598, 630, 638, 640, 726, 730, 734, 736, 758, 760, 766, 854, 974, 976, 982, 1000, 1014, 1022, 1024, 1054, 1216

Offset: 1

Clark Kimberling, May 27 2011

nonn

This sequence represents a class of sequences generated by rules of the form "a(1)=1, and if x is in a then hx+i and jx+k are in a, where h,i,j,k are integers."  If m>1, at least one of the numbers b(m)=(a(m)-i)/h and c(m)=(a(m)-k)/j is in the set N of natural numbers.  Let d(n) be the n-th b(m) in N, and let e(n) be the n-th c(m) in N.  Note that a is a subsequence of both d and e.  Examples:
A191113: (h,i,j,k)=(3,-2,4,-2); d=A191146, e=A191149
A191114: (h,i,j,k)=(3,-2,4,-1); d=A191151, e=A191121
A191115: (h,i,j,k)=(3,-2,4,0); d=A191113, e=A191154
A191116: (h,i,j,k)=(3,-2,4,1); d=A191155 e=A191129
A191117: (h,i,j,k)=(3,-2,4,2); d=A191157, e=A191158
A191118: (h,i,j,k)=(3,-2,4,3); d=A191114, e=A191138
...
A191119: (h,i,j,k)=(3,-1,4,-3); d=A191120, e=A191163
A191120: (h,i,j,k)=(3,-1,4,-2); d=A191129, e=A191165
A191121: (h,i,j,k)=(3,-1,4,-1); d=A191166, e=A191167
A191122: (h,i,j,k)=(3,-1,4,0); d=A191168, e=A191169
A191123: (h,i,j,k)=(3,-1,4,1); d=A191170, e=A191171
A191124: (h,i,j,k)=(3,-1,4,2); d=A191172, e=A191173
A191125: (h,i,j,k)=(3,-1,4,3); d=A191174, e=A191175
...
A191126: (h,i,j,k)=(3,0,4,-3); d=A191128, e=A191177
A191127: (h,i,j,k)=(3,0,4,-2); d=A191178, e=A191179
A191128: (h,i,j,k)=(3,0,4,-1); d=A191180, e=A191181
A025613: (h,i,j,k)=(3,0,4,0); d=e=A025613
A191129: (h,i,j,k)=(3,0,4,1); d=A191182, e=A191183
A191130: (h,i,j,k)=(3,0,4,2); d=A191184, e=A191185
A191131: (h,i,j,k)=(3,0,4,3); d=A191186, e=A191187
...
A191132: (h,i,j,k)=(3,1,4,-3); d=A191135, e=A191189
A191133: (h,i,j,k)=(3,1,4,-2); d=A191190, e=A191191
A191134: (h,i,j,k)=(3,1,4,-1); d=A191192, e=A191193
A191135: (h,i,j,k)=(3,1,4,0); d=A191136, e=A191195
A191136: (h,i,j,k)=(3,1,4,1); d=A191196, e=A191197
A191137: (h,i,j,k)=(3,1,4,2); d=A191198, e=A191199
A191138: (h,i,j,k)=(3,1,4,3); d=A191200, e=A191201
...
A191139: (h,i,j,k)=(3,2,4,-3); d=A191143, e=A191119
A191140: (h,i,j,k)=(3,2,4,-2); d=A191204, e=A191205
A191141: (h,i,j,k)=(3,2,4,-1); d=A191206, e=A191207
A191142: (h,i,j,k)=(3,2,4,0); d=A191208, e=A191209
A191143: (h,i,j,k)=(3,2,4,1); d=A191210, e=A191136
A191144: (h,i,j,k)=(3,2,4,2); d=A191212, e=A191213
A191145: (h,i,j,k)=(3,2,4,3); d=e=A191145
...
Representative divisibility properties:
if s=A191116, then 2|(s+1), 4|(s+3), and 8|(s+3) for n>1; if s=A191117, then 10|(s+4) for n>1.
For lists of other "rules sequences" see A190803 (h=2 and j=3) and A191106 (h=j=3).

			1 -> 2 -> 4,6 -> 10,14,16,22 ->

Reinhard Zumkeller, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
David Garth and Adam Gouge, Affinely Self-Generating Sets and Morphisms, Journal of Integer Sequences, Article 07.1.5, 10 (2007) 1-13.

Cf. A190803, A191106.

import Data.Set (singleton, deleteFindMin, insert)
a191113 n = a191113_list !! (n-1)
a191113_list = 1 : f (singleton 2)
   where f s = m : (f $ insert (3*m-2) $ insert (4*m-2) s')
             where (m, s') = deleteFindMin s
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Jun 01 2011

N:= 2000: # to get all terms <= N
S:= {}: agenda:= {1}:
while nops(agenda) > 0 do
  S:= S union agenda;
  agenda:= select(`<=`,map(t -> (3*t-2,4*t-2),agenda) minus S, N)
od:
sort(convert(S,list)); # Robert Israel, Dec 22 2015

h = 3; i = -2; j = 4; k = -2; f = 1; g = 8;
a = Union[Flatten[NestList[{h # + i, j # + k} &, f, g]]]
(* a=A191113; regarding g, see the Mathematica note at A190803 *)
b = (a + 2)/3; c = (a + 2)/4; r = Range[1, 900];
d = Intersection[b, r] (* A191146 *)
e = Intersection[c, r] (* A191149 *)
m = a/2 (* divisibility property *)

a(1)=1, and if x is in a then 3x-2 and 4x-2 are in a; the terms of a are listed in without repetitions, in increasing order.

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A003586 3-smooth numbers: numbers of the form 2^i*3^j with i, j >= 0.

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A191113 Increasing sequence generated by these rules: a(1)=1, and if x is in a then 3x-2 and 4x-2 are in a.

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A025640 Exponent of 3 (value of i) in n-th number of form 3^i*4^j.

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A025645 Exponent of 4 (value of j) in n-th number of form 3^i*4^j.

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A191145 Increasing sequence S generated by these rules: a(1)=1, and if x is in S then both 3x+2 and 4x+3 are in S.

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