A102631 -id:A102631 - cp's OEIS frontend

A002618 a(n) = n*phi(n).

1, 2, 6, 8, 20, 12, 42, 32, 54, 40, 110, 48, 156, 84, 120, 128, 272, 108, 342, 160, 252, 220, 506, 192, 500, 312, 486, 336, 812, 240, 930, 512, 660, 544, 840, 432, 1332, 684, 936, 640, 1640, 504, 1806, 880, 1080, 1012, 2162, 768, 2058, 1000

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane

Also Euler phi function of n^2.
For n >= 3, a(n) is also the size of the automorphism group of the dihedral group of order 2n. This automorphism group is isomorphic to the group of transformations x -> ax + b, where a, b and x are integers modulo n and a is coprime to n. Its order is n*phi(n). - Ola Veshta (olaveshta(AT)my-deja.com), Mar 18 2001
Order of metacyclic group of polynomial of degree n. - Artur Jasinski, Jan 22 2008
It appears that this sequence gives the number of permutations of 1, 2, 3, ..., n that are arithmetic progressions modulo n. - John W. Layman, Aug 27 2008
The conjecture by Layman is correct. Obviously any such permutation must have an increment that is prime to n, and almost as obvious that any such increment will work, with any starting value; hence phi(n) * n total. - Franklin T. Adams-Watters, Jun 09 2009
Consider the numbers from 1 to n^2 written line by line as an n X n square: a(n) = number of numbers that are coprime to all their horizontal and vertical immediate neighbors. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Apr 12 2011
n -> a(n) is injective: a(m) = a(n) implies m = n. - Franz Vrabec, Dec 12 2012 (See Mathematics Stack Exchange link for a proof.)
a(p) = p*(p-1) a pronic number, see A036689 and A002378. - Fred Daniel Kline, Mar 30 2015
Conjecture: All the rational numbers Sum_{i=j..k} 1/a(i) with 0 < min{2,k} <= j <= k have pairwise distinct fractional parts. - Zhi-Wei Sun, Sep 24 2015
From Jianing Song, Aug 25 2023: (Start)
a(n) is the order of the holomorph (see the Wikipedia link) of the cyclic group of order n. Note that Hol(C_n) and Aut(D_{2n}) are isomorphic unless n = 2, where D_{2n} is the dihedral group of order 2*n. See the Wordpress link.
The odd-indexed terms form a subsequence of A341298: the holomorph of an abelian group of odd order is a complete group. See Theorem 3.2, Page 618 of the W. Peremans link. (End)

			a(4) = 8 since phi(4) = 2 and 4 * 2 = 8.
a(5) = 20 since phi(5) = 4 and 5 * 4 = 20.

Peter Giblin, Primes and Programming: An Introduction to Number Theory with Computing. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (1993) p. 116, Exercise 1.10.
J. L. Lagrange, Oeuvres, Vol. III Paris 1869.
N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Michael De Vlieger, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000 (first 1000 terms from T. D. Noe)
Daniel Fischer, answer to Injectivity of the function n times the Euler Totient of n, Mathematics Stack Exchange, October 2013.
Mikhail R. Gabdullin and Vitalii V. Iudelevich, Numbers of the form kf(k), arXiv:2201.09287 [math.NT] (2022).
Dmitry Krachun and Zhi-Wei Sun, Each positive rational number has the form phi(m^2)/phi(n^2), arXiv:2001.03736 [math.HO], 2020. See also The American Mathematical Monthly (2020) Vol. 127, Issue 9, 847-849.
F. Luca and A. O. Munagi, The number of permutations which form arithmetic progressions modulo m, Annals of the Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, 2014, DOI: 10.2478/aicu-2014-0053. [Broken link]
C. L. Mallows and N. J. A. Sloane, Notes on A002618, A002619, etc.
W. Peremans, Completeness of Holomorphs, Nederl. Akad. Wetensch. Indag. Math. Proc. Ser. A, 60. (1957) 608-619.
N. J. A. Sloane, Notes on A002618, A002619, etc.
J. E. A. Steggall, On the numbers of patterns which can be derived from certain elements, Mess. Math., 37 (1907), 56-61.
J. E. A. Steggall, On the numbers of patterns which can be derived from certain elements, Mess. Math., 37 (1907), 56-61. [Annotated scanned copy. Note that the scanned pages are out of order]
Wikipedia, Holomorph.
Wordpress, Automorphisms of dihedral groups.

First column of A047916.
Cf. A002619, A011755 (partial sums), A047918, A000010, A053650, A053191, A053192, A036689, A058161, A009262, A082473 (same terms, sorted into ascending order), A256545, A327172 (a left inverse), A327173, A065484.
Subsequence of A323333.

a002618 n = a000010 n * n  -- Reinhard Zumkeller, Dec 21 2012

[n*EulerPhi(n): n in [1..150]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Apr 04 2011

with(numtheory):a:=n->phi(n^2): seq(a(n), n=1..50); # Zerinvary Lajos, Oct 07 2007

Table[n EulerPhi[n], {n, 100}] (* Artur Jasinski, Jan 22 2008 *)

numlib::phi(n^2)$ n=1..81 // Zerinvary Lajos, May 13 2008

a(n)=n*eulerphi(n) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Nov 20 2012

from sympy import totient as phi
def a(n): return n*phi(n)
print([a(n) for n in range(1, 51)]) # Michael S. Branicky, Mar 16 2022

[euler_phi(n^2) for n in range(1,51)] # Zerinvary Lajos, Jun 06 2009

Multiplicative with a(p^e) = (p-1)*p^(2e-1). - David W. Wilson, Aug 01 2001
Dirichlet g.f.: zeta(s-2)/zeta(s-1). - R. J. Mathar, Feb 09 2011
a(n) = A173557(n) * A102631(n). - R. J. Mathar, Mar 30 2011
From Wolfdieter Lang, May 12 2011: (Start)
a(n)/2 = A023896(n), n >= 2.
a(n)/2 = (1/n) * Sum_{k=1..n-1, gcd(k,n)=1} k, n >= 2 (see A023896 and A076512/A109395). (End)
a(n) = lcm(phi(n^2),n). - Enrique Pérez Herrero, May 11 2012
a(n) = phi(n^2). - Wesley Ivan Hurt, Jun 16 2013
a(n) = A009195(n) * A009262(n). - Michel Marcus, Oct 24 2013
G.f.: -x + 2*Sum_{k>=1} mu(k)*k*x^k/(1 - x^k)^3. - Ilya Gutkovskiy, Jan 03 2017
a(n) = A082473(A327173(n)), A327172(a(n)) = n. -- Antti Karttunen, Sep 29 2019
Sum_{n>=1} 1/a(n) = 2.203856... (A065484). - Amiram Eldar, Sep 30 2019
Define f(x) = #{n <= x: a(n) <= x}. Gabdullin & Iudelevich show that f(x) ~ c*sqrt(x) for c = Product_{p prime} (1 + 1/(p*(p - 1 + sqrt(p^2 - p)))) = 1.3651304521525857... - Charles R Greathouse IV, Mar 16 2022
a(n) = Sum_{d divides n} A001157(d)*A046692(n/d); that is, the Dirichlet convolution of sigma_2(n) and the Dirichlet inverse of sigma_1(n). - Peter Bala, Jan 26 2024

Better description from Labos Elemer, Feb 18 2000

A019554 Smallest number whose square is divisible by n.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 3, 2, 5, 6, 7, 4, 3, 10, 11, 6, 13, 14, 15, 4, 17, 6, 19, 10, 21, 22, 23, 12, 5, 26, 9, 14, 29, 30, 31, 8, 33, 34, 35, 6, 37, 38, 39, 20, 41, 42, 43, 22, 15, 46, 47, 12, 7, 10, 51, 26, 53, 18, 55, 28, 57, 58, 59, 30, 61, 62, 21, 8, 65, 66, 67, 34, 69, 70, 71, 12, 73, 74, 15, 38, 77

Offset: 1

R. Muller

A note on square roots of numbers: we can write sqrt(n) = b*sqrt(c) where c is squarefree. Then b = A000188(n) is the "inner square root" of n, c = A007913(n), and b*c = A019554(n) = "outer square root" of n.
Instead of the terms "inner square root" and "outer square root", we may use the terms "lower square root" and "upper square root", respectively. Upper k-th roots have been studied by Broughan (2002, 2003, 2006). - Petros Hadjicostas, Sep 15 2019
The number of times each number k appears in this sequence is A034444(k). The first time k appears is at position A102631(k). - N. J. A. Sloane, Jul 28 2021

T. D. Noe, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
Henry Bottomley, Some Smarandache-type multiplicative sequences.
Kevin A. Broughan, Restricted divisor sums, Acta Arithmetica, 101(2) (2002), 105-114. See also here for another copy.
Kevin A. Broughan, Relationship between the integer conductor and k-th root functions, Int. J. Pure Appl. Math. 5(3) (2003), 253-275.
Kevin A. Broughan, Relaxations of the ABC Conjecture using integer k'th roots, New Zealand J. Math. 35(2) (2006), 121-136.
Florentin Smarandache, Collected Papers, Vol. II, Tempus Publ. Hse, Bucharest, 1996.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Smarandache Ceil Function.

Cf. A000188 (inner square root), A053150 (inner 3rd root), A019555 (outer 3rd root), A053164 (inner 4th root), A053166 (outer 4th root), A015052 (outer 5th root), A015053 (outer 6th root).

Cf. also A007913, A007947, A008833, A015049, A034444, A053143, A102631, A346602, A005117, A133466, A195085.

a019554 n = product $ zipWith (^)
            (a027748_row n) (map ((`div` 2) . (+ 1)) $ a124010_row n)
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Apr 13 2013
(Python 3.8+)
from math import prod
from sympy import factorint
def A019554(n): return n//prod(p**(q//2) for p, q in factorint(n).items()) # Chai Wah Wu, Aug 18 2021

with(numtheory):A019554 := proc(n) local i: RETURN(op(mul(i,i=map(x->x[1]^ceil(x[2]/2),ifactors(n)[2])))); end;

Flatten[Table[Select[Range[n],Divisible[#^2,n]&,1],{n,100}]] (* Harvey P. Dale, Oct 17 2011 *)
f[p_, e_] := p^Ceiling[e/2]; a[1] = 1; a[n_] := Times @@ f @@@ FactorInteger[n]; Array[a, 100] (* Amiram Eldar, Sep 18 2020 *)

a(n)=n/core(n,1)[2] \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Feb 24 2011

Replace any square factors in n by their square roots.
Multiplicative with a(p^e) = p^ceiling(e/2).
Dirichlet series:
   Sum_{n>=1} a(n)/n^s = zeta(2*s-1)*zeta(s-1)/zeta(2*s-2), (Re(s) > 2);
   Sum_{n>=1} (1/a(n))/n^s = zeta(2*s+1)*zeta(s+1)/zeta(2*s+2), (Re(s) > 0).
a(n) = n/A000188(n).
a(n) = denominator of n/n^(3/2). - Arkadiusz Wesolowski, Dec 04 2011
a(n) = Product_{k=1..A001221(n)} A027748(n,k)^ceiling(A124010(n,k)/2). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Apr 13 2013
Sum_{k=1..n} a(k) ~ 3*zeta(3)*n^2 / Pi^2. - Vaclav Kotesovec, Sep 18 2020
Sum_{k=1..n} 1/a(k) ~ 3*log(n)^2/(2*Pi^2) + (9*gamma/Pi^2 - 36*zeta'(2)/Pi^4)*log(n) + 6*gamma^2/Pi^2 - 108*gamma*zeta'(2)/Pi^4 + 432*zeta'(2)^2/Pi^6 - 36*zeta''(2)/Pi^4 - 15*sg1/Pi^2, where gamma is the Euler-Mascheroni constant A001620 and sg1 is the first Stieltjes constant (see A082633). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Jul 27 2021
a(n) = sqrt(n*A007913(n)). - Jianing Song, May 08 2022
a(n) = sqrt(A053143(n)). - Amiram Eldar, Sep 02 2023
From Mia Boudreau, Jul 17 2025: (Start)
a(n^2) = n.
a(A005117(n)) = A005117(n).
a(A133466(n)) = A133466(n)/2.
a(A195085(n)) = A195085(n)/3. (End)

A020478 Number of singular 2 X 2 matrices over Z(n) (i.e., with determinant = 0).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 10, 33, 88, 145, 330, 385, 736, 945, 1450, 1441, 2904, 2353, 3850, 4785, 6016, 5185, 9450, 7201, 12760, 12705, 14410, 12673, 24288, 18625, 23530, 26001, 33880, 25201, 47850, 30721, 48640, 47553, 51850, 55825, 83160, 51985, 72010, 77649, 106720

Offset: 1

David W. Wilson

Amiram Eldar, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000 (terms 1..1000 from T. D. Noe)

Cf. A005353, A059306, A062801, A069097, A102631, A240547.

f[p_, e_] := p^(2*e - 1)*(p^(e + 1) + p^e - 1); a[n_] := Times @@ f @@@ FactorInteger[n]; Array[a, 100] (* Amiram Eldar, Oct 22 2020 *)

a(n)=if(n<1, 0, direuler(p=2, n, (1-p*X)/((1-p^2*X)*(1-p^3*X)))[n])

a(n)=local(c=0); forvec(x=vector(4,k,[1,n]),c+=((x[1]*x[2]-x[3]*x[4])%n==0)); c

From Vladeta Jovovic, Apr 22 2002: (Start)
a(n) = n^4 - A005353(n).
Multiplicative with a(p^e) = p^(2*e - 1)*(p^(e+1) + p^e - 1). (End)
Dirichlet g.f.: zeta(s-2)*zeta(s-3)/zeta(s-1).
A102631(n) | a(n). - R. J. Mathar, Mar 30 2011
Sum_{k=1..n} a(k) ~ Pi^2 * n^4 / (24*Zeta(3)). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Jan 31 2019
From Piotr Rysinski, Sep 11 2020: (Start)
a(n) = n * A069097(n).
Proof: a(n) is multiplicative with a(p^e) = p^(2*e - 1)*(p^(e+1) + p^e - 1), A069097(n) is multiplicative with A069097(p^e) = p^(e-1)*(p^e*(p+1)-1), so a(p^e) = p^e*A069097(p^e). (End)

A355038 a(n) = n^2 times the squarefree kernel of n.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 8, 27, 32, 125, 216, 343, 128, 243, 1000, 1331, 864, 2197, 2744, 3375, 512, 4913, 1944, 6859, 4000, 9261, 10648, 12167, 3456, 3125, 17576, 2187, 10976, 24389, 27000, 29791, 2048, 35937, 39304, 42875, 7776, 50653, 54872, 59319, 16000, 68921, 74088, 79507, 42592, 30375

Offset: 1

Peter Munn, Jun 16 2022

Amiram Eldar, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000

The range of values is A335988.

Cf. A007947, A064549, A065463, A102631, A356191.

a[n_] := n^2 * Times @@ FactorInteger[n][[;; , 1]]; Array[a, 50] (* Amiram Eldar, Jun 18 2022 *)

PARI
```
a(n) = n^2 * factorback(factor(n)[,1]);
```

Multiplicative with a(p^e) = p^(2e+1).
a(n) = n^2 * A007947(n).
a(n) = A064549(n^2). - Amiram Eldar, Jun 20 2022
Sum_{k=1..n} a(k) ~ c * n^4, where c = (1/4) * Product_{p prime} (1 - 1/(p*(p+1))) = A065463 / 4 = 0.1761105502... . - Amiram Eldar, Nov 13 2022
a(n) = A356191(n^2). - Amiram Eldar, Nov 30 2023

A327170 Number of divisors d of n such that A327171(d) (= phi(d)*core(d)) is equal to n.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 2, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1

Offset: 1

Antti Karttunen, Sep 28 2019

nonn

From any solution (*) to A327171(d) = d*phi(d) = n, we obtain a solution for core(d')*phi(d') = n by forming a "pumped up" version d' of d, by replacing each exponent e_i in the prime factorization of d = p_1^e_1 * p_2^e_2 * ... * p_k^e_k, with exponent 2*e_i - 1 so that d' = p_1^(2*e_1 - 1) * p_2^(2*e_2 - 1)* ... * p_k^(2*e_k - 1) = A102631(d) = d*A003557(d), and this d' is also a divisor of n, as n = d' * A173557(d). Generally, any product m = p_1^(2*e_1 - x) * p_2^(2*e_2 - y)* ... * p_k^(2*e_k - z), where each x, y, ..., z is either 0 or 1 gives a solution for core(m)*phi(m) = n, thus every nonzero term in this sequence is a power of 2, even though not all such m's might be divisors of n.
  (* by necessity unique, see Franz Vrabec's Dec 12 2012 comment in A002618).
On the other hand, if we have any solution d for core(d)*phi(d) = n, we can find the unique such divisor e of d that e*phi(e) = n by setting e = A019554(d).
Thus, it follows that the nonzero terms in this sequence occur exactly at positions given by A082473.
Records (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, ...) occur at n = 1, 12, 504, 223200, 50097600, ...

			For n = 504 = 2^3 * 3^2 * 7, it has 24 divisors, out of which four divisors: 42 (= 2^1 * 3^1 * 7^1), 84 (= 2^2 * 3^1 * 7^1), 126 (= 2^1 * 3^2 * 7^1), 252 (= 2^2 * 3^2 * 7^1) are such that A007913(d)*A000010(d) = 504, thus a(504) = 4.

Antti Karttunen, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..65537

Cf. A000010, A002618, A003557, A007913, A019554, A082473, A102631, A173557, A194507, A327171.

Cf. also A327153, A327166, A327169.

With[{s = Array[EulerPhi[#] (Sqrt@ # /. (c_: 1) a_^(b_: 0) :> (c a^b)^2) &, 120]}, Table[DivisorSum[n, 1 &, s[[#]] == n &], {n, Length@ s}]] (* Michael De Vlieger, Sep 29 2019, after Bill Gosper at A007913 *)

A327170(n) = sumdiv(n,d,eulerphi(d)*core(d) == n);

a(n) = Sum_{d|n} [A000010(d)*A007913(d) == n], where [ ] is the Iverson bracket.

A367418 The exponentially odd numbers (A268335) divided by their squarefree kernels (A007947).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 4, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 4, 1, 9, 1, 1, 1, 16, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 4, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 9, 1, 4, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 4, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 16, 1, 1, 1, 1, 4, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 4, 1

Offset: 1

Amiram Eldar, Nov 17 2023

Analogous to A102631, with the exponentially odd numbers instead of the square numbers (A000290).

All the terms are square numbers.

Amiram Eldar, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000

Cf. A000290, A008833, A102631, A268335, A367406, A367417, A367419.

s[n_] := n / Times @@ FactorInteger[n][[;; , 1]]; s /@ Select[Range[200], AllTrue[FactorInteger[#][[;; , 2]], OddQ] &]

b(n) = {my(f = factor(n)); prod(i = 1, #f~, if(f[i, 2]%2, f[i, 1]^(f[i, 2]-1), 0)); }
lista(kmax) = {my(b1); for(k = 1, kmax, b1 = b(k); if(b1 > 0, print1(b1, ", "))); }

a(n) = A003557(A268335(n)).
a(n) = A268335(n)/A367417(n).
a(n) = A367419(n)^2.
a(n) = A268335(n)^2/A367406(n).
a(n) = A008833(A268335(n)). - Amiram Eldar, Nov 30 2023

A372329 a(n) is the smallest multiple of n whose number of divisors is a power of 2 (A036537).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 3, 8, 5, 6, 7, 8, 27, 10, 11, 24, 13, 14, 15, 128, 17, 54, 19, 40, 21, 22, 23, 24, 125, 26, 27, 56, 29, 30, 31, 128, 33, 34, 35, 216, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 88, 135, 46, 47, 384, 343, 250, 51, 104, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 120, 61, 62, 189, 128, 65

Offset: 1

Amiram Eldar, Apr 28 2024

Amiram Eldar, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000

Cf. A036537, A372328.
Similar sequences: A053143, A053149, A053167, A066638, A087320, A087321, A197863, A356191, A356192, A356193, A356194.
Differs from A102631 at n = 8, 24, 27, 32, 40, 54, 56, 64, ... .

f[p_, e_] := p^(2^Ceiling[Log2[e + 1]] - 1); a[1] = 1; a[n_] := Times @@ f @@@ FactorInteger[n]; Array[a, 100]

s(n) = {my(e=logint(n + 1, 2)); if(n + 1 == 2^e, n, 2^(e+1) - 1)};
a(n) = {my(f=factor(n)); prod(i=1, #f~, f[i, 1]^s(f[i, 2]))};

Multiplicative with a(p^e) = p^(2^ceiling(log_2(e+1)) - 1).
a(n) = n * A372328(n).
a(n) = n if and only if n is in A036537.
a(n) <= n^2, with equality if and only if n = 1.

cp's OEIS Frontend

A002618 a(n) = n*phi(n).

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A019554 Smallest number whose square is divisible by n.

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A020478 Number of singular 2 X 2 matrices over Z(n) (i.e., with determinant = 0).

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A355038 a(n) = n^2 times the squarefree kernel of n.

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A327170 Number of divisors d of n such that A327171(d) (= phi(d)*core(d)) is equal to n.

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A367418 The exponentially odd numbers (A268335) divided by their squarefree kernels (A007947).

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A372329 a(n) is the smallest multiple of n whose number of divisors is a power of 2 (A036537).

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