A160487 -id:A160487 - cp's OEIS frontend

A160479 The ZL(n) sequence of the Zeta and Lambda triangles A160474 and A160487.

10, 21, 2, 11, 13, 1, 34, 57, 5, 23, 1, 1, 29, 31, 2, 1, 37, 1, 41, 301, 1, 47, 1, 1, 53, 3, 1, 59, 61, 1, 2, 67, 1, 71, 73, 1, 1, 79, 1, 83, 1, 1, 89, 1, 1, 1, 97, 1, 505, 103, 1, 107, 109, 11, 113, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 127, 2, 131

Offset: 3

Johannes W. Meijer, May 24 2009

The rather strange ZL(n) sequence rules both the Zeta and Lambda triangles.
The Zeta triangle led to the first and the Lambda triangle to the second Maple algorithm.
The first ZL(n) formula is a conjecture. This formula links the ZL(n) to the prime numbers A000040; see A217983, A128060, A130290 and the third Maple program.

Cf. A160474 and A160487.
The cnf1(n, k) are the central factorial numbers A008955.
The cnf2(n, k) are the central factorial numbers A008956.

nmax := 65; for n from 0 to nmax do cfn1(n, 0):=1: cfn1(n, n):=(n!)^2 end do: for n from 1 to nmax do for k from 1 to n-1 do cfn1(n, k) := cfn1(n-1, k-1)*n^2 + cfn1(n-1, k) end do: end do: Omega(0) := 1: for n from 1 to nmax do Omega(n) := (sum((-1)^(k1+n+1)*(bernoulli(2*k1)/(2*k1))*cfn1(n-1, n-k1), k1=1..n))/(2*n-1)! end do: for n from 1 to nmax do d(n) := 2^(2*n-1)*Omega(n) end do: for n from 1 to nmax do b(n) := 4^(-n)*(2*n+1)*n*denom(Omega(n)) end do: c(1) := b(1): for n from 1 to nmax-1 do c(n+1) := lcm(c(n)*(n+1)*(2*n+3)/2, b(n+1)) end do: for n from 1 to nmax do cm(n) := c(n)*(1/6)* 4^n/(2*n+1)! end do: for n from 3 to nmax+1 do ZL(n):=cm(n-1)/cm(n-2) end do: seq(ZL(n), n=3..nmax+1);
# End program 1 (program edited by Johannes W. Meijer, Oct 25 2012)
nmax1 := nmax; for n from 0 to nmax1 do cfn2(n, 0) :=1: cfn2(n, n) := (doublefactorial(2*n-1))^2 od: for n from 1 to nmax1 do for k from 1 to n-1 do cfn2(n, k) := (2*n-1)^2*cfn2(n-1, k-1) + cfn2(n-1, k) od: od: for n from 1 to nmax1 do Delta(n-1) := sum((1-2^(2*k1-1))* (-1)^(n+1)*(-bernoulli(2*k1)/(2*k1))*(-1)^(k1+n)*cfn2(n-1,n-k1), k1=1..n) /(2*4^(n-1)*(2*n-1)!) end do: for n from 1 to nmax1 do b(n) := (2*n)*(2*n-1)*denom(Delta(n-1))/ (2^(2*n)*(2*n-1)) end do: c(1) := b(1): for n from 1 to nmax1-1 do c(n+1) := lcm(c(n)*(2*n+2)* (2*n+1), b(n+1)) end do: for n from 1 to nmax1 do cm(n) := c(n)/(6*(2*n)!) end do: for n from 3 to nmax1+1 do ZL(n) := cm(n-1)/cm(n-2) end do: seq(ZL(n), n=3..nmax1+1);
# End program 2 (program edited by Johannes W. Meijer, Sep 20 2012)
nmax2 := nmax: A000040 := proc(n): ithprime(n) end: A130290 := proc(n): if n =1 then 1 else (A000040(n)-1)/2 fi: end: A128060 := proc(n) local n1: n1:=2*n-1: if type(n1, prime) then A128060(n) := 1 else A128060(n) := n1 fi: end: for n from 1 to nmax2 do A217983(n) := 1 od: for n from 1 to nmax2 do for n1 from 1 to floor(log[A000040(n)](nmax2)) do A217983(A130290(n) * A000040(n)^n1) := A000040(n) od: od: ZL := proc(n): (2*n-1)*(A217983(n-1)/A128060(n)) end: seq(ZL(n), n=3..nmax2+1);
# End program 3 (program added by Johannes W. Meijer, Oct 25 2012)

ZL(n) = (2*n-1) * (A217983(n-1)/A128060(n)) for n >= 3.
ZL(n) = ZETA(n, m)/(ZETA(n-1, m-1) - (n-1)^2 * ZETA(n-1, m)), see A160474.
ZL(n) = LAMBDA(n, m)/(LAMBDA(n-1, m-1) - (2*n-3)^2 * LAMBDA(n-1, m)), see A160487.
ZL(n) = A160476(n)/A160476(n-1).

Comments, formulas and third Maple program added by Johannes W. Meijer, Oct 25 2012

A160490 The p(n) sequence that is associated with the Lambda triangle A160487.

Original entry on oeis.org

12, 1440, 907200, 101606400, 100590336000, 172613016576000, 31415569016832000, 256351043177349120000, 4471274895099323351040000, 8495422300688714366976000000, 90272357367118278863486976000000

Offset: 2

Johannes W. Meijer, May 24 2009, Sep 18 2012

A160487 is the Lambda triangle.

Equals 6*(2*n-2)!*A160476(n).

nmax:=11; for n from 0 to nmax do cfn2(n, 0) := 1: cfn2(n, n) := (doublefactorial(2*n-1))^2 od: for n from 1 to nmax do for k from 1 to n-1 do cfn2(n, k) := (2*n-1)^2*cfn2(n-1, k-1) + cfn2(n-1, k) od: od: for n from 1 to nmax do Delta(n-1) := sum((1-2^(2*k1-1))* (-1)^(n+1)*(-bernoulli(2*k1)/(2*k1))*(-1)^(k1+n)*cfn2(n-1,n-k1), k1=1..n) /(2*4^(n-1)*(2*n-1)!); LAMBDA(-2, n) := sum(2*(1-2^(2*k1-1))*(-bernoulli(2*k1)/ (2*k1))*(-1)^(k1+n)* cfn2(n-1,n-k1), k1=1..n) / factorial(2*n-2) end do: Lcgz(2) := 1/12: f(2) := 1/12: for n from 3 to nmax do Lcgz(n) := LAMBDA(-2, n-1)/((2*n-2)*(2*n-3)): f(n) := Lcgz(n)-((2*n-3)/(2*n-2))*f(n-1) end do: for n from 1 to nmax do b(n) := denom(Lcgz(n+1)) end do: for n from 1 to nmax do b(n) := 2*n*denom(Delta(n-1))/2^(2*n) end do: p(2) := b(1): for n from 2 to nmax do p(n+1) := lcm(p(n)*(2*n)*(2*n-1), b(n)) end do: seq(p(n), n=2..nmax+1);

A160488 First left hand column of the Lambda triangle A160487.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, -107, 59845, -6059823, 5508149745, -8781562891079, 1498497874868995, -11547310445901623393, 191303386010904797215729, -346881088942362502864933961, 3531597876908273097022040806863

Offset: 2

Johannes W. Meijer, May 24 2009, Sep 18 2012

A160487 is the Lambda triangle.

nmax:=12; for n from 0 to nmax do cfn2(n, 0) := 1: cfn2(n, n) := (doublefactorial(2*n-1))^2 od: for n from 1 to nmax do for k from 1 to n-1 do cfn2(n, k) := (2*n-1)^2*cfn2(n-1, k-1) + cfn2(n-1, k) od: od: for n from 1 to nmax do Delta(n-1) := sum((1-2^(2*k1-1))* (-1)^(n+1) * (-bernoulli(2*k1)/(2*k1))*(-1)^(k1+n)*cfn2(n-1, n-k1), k1=1..n) /(2*4^(n-1)*(2*n-1)!); LAMBDA(-2, n) := sum(2*(1-2^(2*k1-1))*(-bernoulli(2*k1) / (2*k1))*(-1)^(k1+n) * cfn2(n-1,n-k1), k1=1..n) / factorial(2*n-2) end do: Lcgz(2) := 1/12: f(2) := 1/12: for n from 3 to nmax do Lcgz(n):=LAMBDA(-2, n-1)/((2*n-2)*(2*n-3)): f(n) := Lcgz(n)-((2*n-3)/(2*n-2))*f(n-1) end do: for n from 1 to nmax do b(n) := denom(Lcgz(n+1)) end do: for n from 1 to nmax do b(n) := 2*n*denom(Delta(n-1))/2^(2*n) end do: p(2) := b(1): for n from 2 to nmax do p(n+1) := lcm(p(n)*(2*n)*(2*n-1), b(n)) end do: for n from 2 to nmax do LAMBDA(n, 1) := p(n)*f(n) end do: seq(LAMBDA(n, 1), n=2..nmax);

A160489 Row sums of the Lambda triangle A160487.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, -97, 52558, -5240581, 4720558732, -7481314964114, 1271274660247796, -9765829515601025979, 161400398363673797534104, -292099194247292179451930316, 2969226837548487086516550438360

Offset: 2

Johannes W. Meijer, May 24 2009

In order to determine the row sums add the Maple line given below to the Lambda triangle algorithm, see A160487.

A160487 is the Lambda triangle.

for n from 2 to nmax do s(n):=0: for m from 1 to n-1 do s(n):=s(n) + LAMBDA(n,m) od: od: seq(s(n), n=2..nmax);

Spelling corrected by Jason G. Wurtzel, Aug 22 2010

A008956 Triangle of central factorial numbers |4^k t(2n+1,2n+1-2k)| read by rows (n>=0, k=0..n).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 1, 10, 9, 1, 35, 259, 225, 1, 84, 1974, 12916, 11025, 1, 165, 8778, 172810, 1057221, 893025, 1, 286, 28743, 1234948, 21967231, 128816766, 108056025, 1, 455, 77077, 6092515, 230673443, 3841278805, 21878089479, 18261468225, 1, 680

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane

The n-th row gives the coefficients in the expansion of Product_{i=0..n-1} (x+(2i+1)^2), highest powers first (see the discussion of central factorial numbers in A008955). - N. J. A. Sloane, Feb 01 2011
Descending row polynomials in x^2 evaluated at k generate odd coefficients of e.g.f. sin(arcsin(kt)/k): 1, x^2 - 1, 9x^4 - 10x^2 + 1, 225x^6 - 259x^4 + 34x^2 - 1, ... - Ralf Stephan, Jan 16 2005
From Johannes W. Meijer, Jun 18 2009: (Start)
We define (Pi/2)*Beta(n-1/2-z/2,n-1/2+z/2)/Beta(n-1/2,n-1/2) = (Pi/2)*Gamma(n-1/2-z/2)* Gamma(n-1/2+z/2)/Gamma(n-1/2)^2 = sum(BG2[2m,n]*z^(2m), m = 0..infinity) with Beta(z,w) the Beta function. Our definition leads to BG2[2m,1] = 2*beta(2m+1) and the recurrence relation BG2[2m,n] = BG2[2m,n-1] - BG2[2m-2,n-1]/(2*n-3)^2 for m = -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, .. and n = 2, 3, .. , with beta(m) = sum((-1)^k/(1+2*k)^m, k=0..infinity). We observe that beta(2m+1) = 0 for m = -1, -2, -3, .. .We found for the BG2[2*m,n] = sum((-1)^(k+n)*t2(n-1,k-1)* 2*beta(2*m-2*n+2*k+1),k=1..n)/((2*n-3)!!)^2 with the central factorial numbers t2(n,m) as defined above; see also the Maple program.
From the BG2 matrix and the closely related EG2 and ZG2 matrices, see A008955, we arrive at the LG2 matrix which is defined by LG2[2m-1,1] = 2*lambda(2*m) and the recurrence relation LG2[2*m-1,n] = LG2[2*m-3,n-1]/((2*n-3)*(2*n-1)) - (2*n-3)*LG2[2*m-1,n-1]/(2*n-1) for m = -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, .. and n = 2, 3, .. , with lambda(m) = (1-2^(-m))*zeta(m) with zeta(m) the Riemann zeta function. We found for the matrix coefficients LG2[2m-1,n] = sum((-1)^(k+1)* t2(n-1,k-1)*2*lambda(2*m-2*n+2*k)/((2*n-1)!!*(2*n-3)!!), k=1..n) and we see that the central factorial numbers t2(n,m) once again play a crucial role.
(End)

			Triangle begins:
[1]
[1, 1]
[1, 10, 9]
[1, 35, 259, 225]
[1, 84, 1974, 12916, 11025]
[1, 165, 8778, 172810, 1057221, 893025]
[1, 286, 28743, 1234948, 21967231, 128816766, 108056025]
[1, 455, 77077, 6092515, 230673443, 3841278805, 21878089479, 18261468225]
...

P. L. Butzer, M. Schmidt, E. L. Stark and L. Vogt, Central Factorial Numbers: Their main properties and some applications, Numerical Functional Analysis and Optimization, 10 (5&6), 419-488 (1989). [From Johannes W. Meijer, Jun 18 2009]
J. Riordan, Combinatorial Identities, Wiley, 1968, p. 217.

Reinhard Zumkeller, Rows n = 0..100 of triangle, flattened
M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions, National Bureau of Standards, Applied Math. Series 55, Tenth Printing, 1972, Chapter 23, pp. 811-812. [From _Johannes W. Meijer_, Jun 18 2009]
R. H. Boels, T. Hansen, String theory in target space, arXiv preprint arXiv:1402.6356 [hep-th], 2014.
T. L. Curtright, D. B. Fairlie, C. K. Zachos, A compact formula for rotations as spin matrix polynomials, arXiv preprint arXiv:1402.3541 [math-ph], 2014.
T. L. Curtright, T. S. Van Kortryk, On Rotations as Spin Matrix Polynomials, arXiv:1408.0767 [math-ph], 2014.
M. Eastwood and H. Goldschmidt, Zero-energy fields on complex projective space, arXiv preprint arXiv:1108.1602 [math.DG], 2011.
M. Eastwood, The X-ray transform on projective space. - From _N. J. A. Sloane_, Oct 22 2012

Cf. A008958.
Columns include A000447, A001823. Right-hand columns include A001818, A001824, A001825. Cf. A008955.
Appears in A160480 (Beta triangle), A160487 (Lambda triangle), A160479 (ZL(n) sequence), A161736, A002197 and A002198. - Johannes W. Meijer, Jun 18 2009
Cf. A162443 (BG1 matrix) and A162448 (LG1 matrix). - Johannes W. Meijer, Jul 06 2009
Cf. A001147.

a008956 n k = a008956_tabl !! n !! k
a008956_row n = a008956_tabl !! n
a008956_tabl = [1] : f [1] 1 1 where
   f xs u t = ys : f ys v (t * v) where
     ys = zipWith (+) (xs ++ [t^2]) ([0] ++ map (* u^2) (init xs) ++ [0])
     v = u + 2
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Dec 24 2013

f:=n->mul(x+(2*i+1)^2,i=0..n-1);
for n from 0 to 12 do
t1:=eval(f(n)); t1d:=degree(t1);
t12:=y^t1d*subs(x=1/y,t1); t2:=seriestolist(series(t12,y,20));
lprint(t2);
od: # N. J. A. Sloane, Feb 01 2011
A008956 := proc(n,k) local i ; mul( x+2*i-2*n-1,i=1..2*n) ; expand(%) ; coeftayl(%,x=0,2*(n-k)) ; abs(%) ; end: for n from 0 to 10 do for k from 0 to n do printf("%a,",A008956(n,k)) ; od: od: # R. J. Mathar, May 29 2009
nmax:=7: for n from 0 to nmax do t2(n, 0):=1: t2(n, n):=(doublefactorial(2*n-1))^2 od: for n from 1 to nmax do for k from 1 to n-1 do t2(n, k) := (2*n-1)^2*t2(n-1, k-1)+t2(n-1, k) od: od: seq(seq(t2(n, k), k=0..n), n=0..nmax); # Johannes W. Meijer, Jun 18 2009, Revised Sep 16 2012

t[, 0] = 1; t[n, n_] := t[n, n] = ((2*n-1)!!)^2; t[n_, k_] := t[n, k] = (2*n-1)^2*t[n-1, k-1] + t[n-1, k]; Table[t[n, k], {n, 0, 8}, {k, 0, n}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Jan 07 2014, after Johannes W. Meijer *)

{T(n, k) = if( n<=0, k==0, (-1)^k * polcoeff( numerator( 2^(2*n -1) / sum(j=0, 2*n - 1, binomial( 2*n - 1, j) / (x + 2*n - 1 - 2*j))), 2*n - 2*k))}; /* Michael Somos, Feb 24 2003 */

Conjecture row sums: Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k) = |A101927(n+1)|. - R. J. Mathar, May 29 2009

May be generated by the recurrence t2(n,k) = (2*n-1)^2*t2(n-1,k-1)+t2(n-1,k) with t2(n,0) = 1 and t2(n,n)=((2*n-1)!!)^2. - Johannes W. Meijer, Jun 18 2009

More terms from Vladeta Jovovic, Apr 16 2000

Edited by N. J. A. Sloane, Feb 01 2011

A160464 The Eta triangle.

Original entry on oeis.org

-1, -11, 2, -114, 29, -2, -3963, 1156, -122, 4, -104745, 32863, -4206, 222, -4, -3926745, 1287813, -184279, 12198, -366, 4, -198491580, 67029582, -10317484, 781981, -30132, 562, -4

Offset: 2

Johannes W. Meijer, May 24 2009

The ES1 matrix coefficients are defined by ES1[2*m-1,n] = 2^(2*m-1) * int(y^(2*m-1)/(cosh(y))^(2*n),y=0..infinity)/(2*m-1)! for m = 1, 2, 3, .. and n = 1, 2, 3 .. .
This definition leads to ES1[2*m-1,n=1] = 2*eta(2*m-1) and the recurrence relation ES1[2*m-1,n] = ((2*n-2)/(2*n-1))*(ES1[2*m-1,n-1] - ES1[2*m-3,n-1]/(n-1)^2) which we used to extend our definition of the ES1 matrix coefficients to m = 0, -1, -2, .. . We discovered that ES1[ -1,n] = 0.5 for n = 1, 2, .. . As usual eta(m) = (1-2^(1-m))*zeta(m) with eta(m) the Dirichlet eta function and zeta(m) the Riemann zeta function.
The coefficients in the columns of the ES1 matrix, for m = 1, 2, 3, .. , and n = 2, 3, 4 .. , can be generated with the polynomials GF(z,n) for which we found the following general expression GF(z;n) = ((-1)^(n-1)*r(n)*CFN1(z,n)*GF(z;n=1) + ETA(z,n))/p(n).
The CFN1(z,n) polynomials depend on the central factorial numbers A008955.
The ETA(z,n) are the Eta polynomials which lead to the Eta triangle.
The zero patterns of the Eta polynomials resemble a UFO. These patterns resemble those of the Zeta, Beta and Lambda polynomials, see A160474, A160480 and A160487.
The first Maple algorithm generates the coefficients of the Eta triangle. The second Maple algorithm generates the ES1[2*m-1,n] coefficients for m= 0, -1, -2, -3, .. .
The M(n) sequence, see the second Maple algorithm, leads to Gould's sequence A001316 and a sequence that resembles the denominators of the Taylor series for tan(x), A156769(n).
Some of our results are conjectures based on numerical evidence, see especially A160466.

			The first few rows of the triangle ETA(n,m) with n=2,3,.. and m=1,2,... are
  [ -1]
  [ -11, 2]
  [ -114, 29, -2]
  [ -3963, 1156, -122, 4].
The first few ETA(z,n) polynomials are
  ETA(z,n=2) = -1;
  ETA(z,n=3) = -11+2*z^2;
  ETA(z,n=4) = -114 + 29*z^2 - 2*z^4.
The first few CFN1(z,n) polynomials are
  CFN1(z,n=2) = (z^2-1);
  CFN1(z,n=3) = (z^4 - 5*z^2 + 4);
  CFN1(z,n=4) = (z^6 - 14*z^4 + 49*z^2 - 36).
The first few generating functions GF(z;n) are:
  GF(z;n=2) = ((-1)*2*(z^2 - 1)*GF(z;n=1) + (- 1))/3;
  GF(z;n=3) = (4*(z^4 - 5*z^2+4) *GF(z;n=1) + (-11 + 2*z^2))/30;
  GF(z;n=4) = ((-1)*4*(z^6 - 14*z^4 + 49*z^2 - 36)*GF(z;n=1) + (-114 + 29*z^2 - 2*z^4))/315.

Mohammad K. Azarian, Problem 1218, Pi Mu Epsilon Journal, Vol. 13, No. 2, Spring 2010, p. 116. Solution published in Vol. 13, No. 3, Fall 2010, pp. 183-185.

M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions, National Bureau of Standards, Applied Math. Series 55, Tenth Printing, 1972, Chapter 23, pp. 811-812.
Johannes W. Meijer, The zeros of the Eta, Zeta, Beta and Lambda polynomials, jpg and pdf, Mar 03 2013.
J. W. Meijer and N.H.G. Baken, The Exponential Integral Distribution, Statistics and Probability Letters, Volume 5, No.3, April 1987. pp 209-211.
Eric. W. Weisstein, Dirichlet Eta Function, Wolfram MathWorld.

The r(n) sequence equals A062383 (n>=1).
The p(n) sequence equals A160473(n) (n>=2).
The GCS(n) sequence equals the Geometric Connell sequence A049039(n).
The M(n-1) sequence equals A001316(n-1)/A156769(n) (n>=1).
The q(n) sequence leads to A081729 and the 'gossip sequence' A007456.
The first right hand column equals A053644 (n>=1).
The first left hand column equals A160465.
The row sums equal A160466.
The CFN1(z, n) and the cfn1(n, k) lead to A008955.
Cf. A094665 and A160468.
Cf. the Zeta, Beta and Lambda triangles A160474, A160480 and A160487.
Cf. A162440 (EG1 matrix).

nmax:=8; c(2 ):= -1/3: for n from 3 to nmax do c(n) := (2*n-2)*c(n-1)/(2*n-1)-1/((n-1)*(2*n-1)) end do: for n from 2 to nmax do GCS(n-1) := ln(1/(2^(-(2*(n-1)-1-floor(ln(n-1)/ ln(2))))))/ln(2); p(n) := 2^(-GCS(n-1))*(2*n-1)!; ETA(n, 1) := p(n)*c(n); ETA(n, n) := 0 end do: mmax:=nmax: for m from 2 to mmax do for n from m+1 to nmax do q(n) := (1+(-1)^(n-3)*(floor(ln(n-1)/ln(2)) - floor(ln(n-2)/ln(2)))): ETA(n, m) := q(n)*((-1)*ETA(n-1, m-1)+(n-1)^2*ETA(n-1, m)) end do end do: seq(seq(ETA(n,m), m=1..n-1), n=2..nmax);
# End first program.
nmax1:=20; m:=1; ES1row:=1-2*m; with (combinat): cfn1 := proc(n, k): sum((-1)^j*stirling1(n+1, n+1-k+j) * stirling1(n+1, n+1-k-j), j=-k..k) end proc: mmax1:=nmax1: for m1 from 1 to mmax1 do M(m1-1) := 2^(2*m1-2)/((2*m1-1)!); ES1[-2*m1+1,1] := 2*(1-2^(1-(1-2*m1)))*(-bernoulli(2*m1)/(2*m1)) od: for n from 2 to nmax1 do for m1 from 1 to mmax1-n+1 do ES1[1-2*m1, n] := (-1)^(n-1)*M(n-1)*sum((-1)^(k+1)*cfn1(n-1,k-1)* ES1[2*k-2*n-2*m1+1, 1], k=1..n) od: od: seq(ES1[1-2*m, n], n=1..nmax1-m+1);
# End second program.

We discovered an interesting relation between the Eta triangle coefficients ETA(n,m) = q(n)*((-1)*ETA(n-1,m-1)+(n-1)^2*ETA(n-1,m)), for n = 3, 4, ... and m = 2, 3, ... , with
q(n) = 1 + (-1)^(n-3)*(floor(log(n-1)/log(2)) - floor(log(n-2)/log(2))) for n = 3, 4, ....
See A160465 for ETA(n,m=1) and furthermore ETA(n,n) = 0 for n = 2, 3, ....
The generating functions GF(z;n) of the coefficients in the matrix columns are defined by
GF(z;n) = sum_{m>=1} ES1[2*m-1,n] * z^(2*m-2), with n = 1, 2, 3, .... This leads to
GF(z;n=1) = (2*log(2) - Psi(z) - Psi(-z) + Psi(1/2*z) + Psi(-1/2*z)); Psi(z) is the digamma-function.
GF(z;n) = ((2*n-2)/(2*n-1)-2*z^2/((n-1)*(2*n-1)))*GF(z;n-1)-1/((n-1)*(2*n-1)).
We found for GF(z;n), for n = 2, 3, ..., the following general expression:
GF(z;n) = ((-1)^(n-1)*r(n)*CFN1(z,n)*GF(z;n=1) + ETA(z,n) )/p(n) with
r(n) = 2^floor(log(n-1)/log(2)+1) and
p(n) = 2^(-GCS(n))*(2*n-1)! with
GCS(n) = log(1/(2^(-(2*(n-1)-1-floor(log(n-1)/ log(2))))))/log(2).

A058962 a(n) = 2^(2n)(2*n+1).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 12, 80, 448, 2304, 11264, 53248, 245760, 1114112, 4980736, 22020096, 96468992, 419430400, 1811939328, 7784628224, 33285996544, 141733920768, 601295421440, 2542620639232, 10720238370816, 45079976738816, 189115999977472, 791648371998720

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane, Jan 13 2001

Denominators in expansion of -1/2*i*Pi+i*arcsin((1+1/4*x^2)/(1-1/4*x^2)), where i=sqrt(-1); numerators are all 1.
Bisection of A001787. That is, a(n) = A001787(2n+1). - Graeme McRae, Jul 12 2006
Denominators of odd terms in expansion of 2*arctanh(s/2); numerators are all 1. - Gerry Martens, Jul 26 2015
Reciprocals of coefficients of Taylor series expansion of sinh(x/2) / (x/2). - Tom Copeland, Feb 03 2016

Harry J. Smith, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..200
G. A. Campbell, Physical theory of the electric wave-filter, Bell Syst. Tech. J., 1 (1922), 1-32, see Eq. (15d). Also reprinted in M. E. Van Valkebburg, ed., Circuit Theory, Dowden, Hutchinson and Ross, 1974.
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (8,-16).

Cf. A001787, A002391, A073000, A118413, A118415.
Cf. A154920. - Jaume Oliver Lafont, Jan 29 2009
Factor of the LS1[-2,n] matrix coefficients in A160487. - Johannes W. Meijer, May 24 2009

[2^(2*n)*(2*n+1) : n in [0..30]]; // Wesley Ivan Hurt, Aug 07 2015

a[n_] := 1/SeriesCoefficient[2 ArcTanh[s/2],{s,0,n}]
Table[a[n], {n, 1, 40, 2}] (* Gerry Martens, Jul 26 2015 *)
Table[2^(2 n) (2 n + 1), {n, 0, 40}] (* Vincenzo Librandi, Aug 08 2015 *)
a[ n_] := With[{m = 2 n + 2}, If[ n < 0, -a[-1 - n] 4^(m - 1), m! SeriesCoefficient[ x^2 D[x Sinc[I x]^2, x]/2, {x, 0, m}]]]; (* Michael Somos, Jun 18 2017 *)

A058962(n)=2^(2*n)*(2*n+1) \\ M. F. Hasler, Aug 11 2015

{a(n) = my(m = 2*n + 2); if( n<0, -a(-1 - n) * 4^(m - 1), m! * polcoeff( x^2 * deriv(x * sinc(I*x + x * O(x^m))^2, x) / 2, m))}; /* Michael Somos, Jun 18 2017 */

Central terms of the triangle in A118416: a(n) = A118416(2*n+1, n+1) - Reinhard Zumkeller, Apr 27 2006
Sum_{n>=0} 1/a(n) = log(3). - Jaume Oliver Lafont, May 22 2007; corrected by Jaume Oliver Lafont, Jan 26 2009
a(n) = 4((2n+1)/(2n-1))*a(n-1) = 4*a(n-1)+2^(2n+1) = 8*a(n-1)-16*a(n-2). - Jaume Oliver Lafont, Dec 09 2008
G.f.: (1+4*x)/(1-4*x)^2. - Jaume Oliver Lafont, Jan 29 2009
E.g.f.: exp(4*x)*(1+8*x). - Robert Israel, Aug 10 2015
a(n) = -a(-1-n) * 4^(2*n+1) for all n in Z. - Michael Somos, Jun 18 2017
a(n) = Sum_{k = 0..n} (2*k + 1)^2*binomial(2*n + 1, n - k). - Peter Bala, Feb 25 2019
Sum_{n>=0} (-1)^n/a(n) = 2 * arctan(1/2) = 2 * A073000. - Amiram Eldar, Jul 03 2020

A036283 Write cosec x = 1/x + Sum e_n x^(2n-1)/(2n-1)!; sequence gives denominators of e_n.

Original entry on oeis.org

6, 60, 126, 120, 66, 16380, 6, 4080, 7182, 3300, 138, 32760, 6, 1740, 42966, 8160, 6, 34545420, 6, 270600, 37926, 1380, 282, 1113840, 66, 3180, 21546, 3480, 354, 1703601900, 6, 16320, 194166, 60, 4686, 5043631320, 6, 60, 9954, 9200400, 498, 142981020, 6

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane

Denominator of [2^(2n-1) - 1] * Bernoulli(2n)/n.
Equals the denominators of the LS1[-2*m,n=1] matrix coefficients of A160487 for m = 1, 2, ... - Johannes W. Meijer, May 24 2009
The products of the first n terms of this sequence appear in the denominators of the a(n) formulas of the right hand columns of triangle A161739. See A000292 (n=1), A107963 (n=2), A161740 (n=3) and A161741 (n=4). The next six values of n show that this pattern persists. - Johannes W. Meijer, Oct 22 2009

			x^(-1)+1/6*x+7/360*x^3+31/15120*x^5+...

M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions, National Bureau of Standards Applied Math. Series 55, Tenth Printing, 1972, p. 75 (4.3.68).

Robert Israel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions, National Bureau of Standards, Applied Math. Series 55, Tenth Printing, 1972 [alternative scanned copy].
M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions, National Bureau of Standards Applied Math. Series 55, Tenth Printing, 1972, p. 75 (4.3.68).

Cf. A036280-A036282.

Cf. A000292, A006953, A107963, A160487, A161739, A161740, A161741.

seq(denom((2^(2*n-1)-1)*bernoulli(2*n)/n),n=1..100); # Robert Israel, Oct 14 2016

a(n) = denominator((2^(2*n-1)-1)*bernfrac(2*n)/n) \\ Hugo Pfoertner, Dec 18 2022

Apparently a(n) = 6*A202318(n). - Hugo Pfoertner, Dec 18 2022

Title corrected and offset changed by Johannes W. Meijer, May 21 2009

More terms, and edited by Robert Israel, Oct 14 2016

A160474 The Zeta triangle.

Original entry on oeis.org

-1, 51, -10, -10594, 2961, -210, 356487, -115940, 12642, -420, -101141295, 35804857, -4751890, 254562, -4620, 48350824787, -18071509911, 2689347661, -180909586, 5471466, -60060

Offset: 2

Johannes W. Meijer, May 24 2009

The coefficients of the ZS1 matrix are defined by ZS1[2*m-1,n] = (2^(2*m-1))*int(y^(2*m-1)/(sinh(y))^(2*n), y=0..infinity)/factorial(2*m-1) for m = 1, 2, 3, .. and n = 1, 2, 3, .. under the condition that n <= (m-1).
This definition leads to ZS1[2*m-1,n=1] = 2*zeta(2*m-1), for m = 2, 3, .. , and the recurrence relation ZS1[2*m-1,n]:=(1/(2*n-1))*((2/(n-1))*ZS1[2*m-3,n-1]-(2*n-2)*ZS1[2*m-1,n-1]). As usual zeta(m) is the Riemann zeta function. These two formulas enable us to determine the values of the ZS[2*m-1,n] coefficients, with m all integers and n all positive integers, but not for all. If we choose, somewhat but not entirely arbitrarily, ZS1[1,n=1] = 2*gamma, with gamma the Euler-Mascheroni constant, we can determine them all.
The coefficients in the columns of the ZS1 matrix, for m = 1, 2, 3, .., and n = 2, 3, 4 .. , can be generated with the GH(z;n) polynomials for which we found the following general expression GH(z;n) = (h(n)*CFN1(z;n)*GH(z;n=1) + ZETA(z;n))/p(n).
The CFN1(z;n) polynomials depend on the central factorial numbers A008955.
The ZETA(z;n) are the Zeta polynomials which lead to the Zeta triangle.
The zero patterns of the Zeta polynomials resemble a UFO. These patterns resemble those of the Eta, Beta and Lambda polynomials, see A160464, A160480 and A160487.
The first Maple algorithm generates the coefficients of the Zeta triangle. The second Maple algorithm generates the ZS1[2*m-1,n] coefficients for m= 0, -1, -2, .. .
The M(n) sequence, see the second Maple algorithm, leads to Gould's sequence A001316 and a sequence that resembles the denominators in Taylor series for tan(x), i.e., A156769(n).
Some of our results are conjectures based on numerical evidence.

			The first few rows of the triangle ZETA(n,m) with n=2,3,... and m=1,2,... are
  [ -1],
  [51, -10],
  [ -10594, 2961, -210],
  [356487, -115940, 12642, -420].
The first few ZETA(z;n) polynomials are
  ZETA(z;n=2) = -1,
  ZETA(z;n=3) = 51-10*z^2,
  ZETA(z;n=4) = -10594 + 2961*z^2 - 210*z^4.
The first few CFN1(z;n) polynomials are
  CFN1(z;n=2) = (z^2-1),
  CFN1(z;n=3) = (z^4 - 5*z^2 + 4),
  CFN1(z;n=4) = (z^6 - 14*z^4 + 49*z^2 - 36).
The first few generating functions GH(z;n) are
  GH(z;n=2) = (6*(z^2-1)*GH(z;n=1) + (-1)) / 9,
  GH(z;n=3) = (60*(z^4-5*z^2+4)*GH(z;n=1) + (51-10*z^2)) / 450,
  GH(z;n=4) = (1260*(z^6-14*z^4+49*z^2-36)*GH(z;n=1) + (-10594+2961*z^2-210*z^4))/99225.

M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions, National Bureau of Standards, Applied Math. Series 55, Tenth Printing, 1972, Chapter 23, pp. 811-812.
Mohammad K. Azarian, Problem 1218, Pi Mu Epsilon Journal, Vol. 13, No. 2, Spring 2010, p. 116. Solution published in Vol. 13, No. 3, Fall 2010, pp. 183-185.
Johannes W. Meijer, The zeros of the Eta, Zeta, Beta and Lambda polynomials, jpg and pdf, Mar 03 2013.
Johannes W. Meijer and N.H.G. Baken, The Exponential Integral Distribution, Statistics and Probability Letters, Volume 5, No.3, April 1987. pp 209-211.

A160475 equals the first left hand column.
A160476 equals the first right hand column and 6*h(n).
A160477 equals the rows sums.
A160478 equals the p(n) sequence.
A160479 equals the ZL(n) sequence.
A001620 is the Euler-Mascheroni constant gamma.
The M(n-1) sequence equals A001316(n-1)/A156769(n) (n>=1).
The ZS1[ -1, n] and the Omega(n) coefficients lead to A002195 and A002196.
The CFN1(z, n) and the cfn1(n, k) lead to A008955.
Cf. The Eta, Beta and Lambda triangles A160464, A160480 and A160487.
Cf. A162446 (ZG1 matrix)

nmax:=7; with(combinat): cfn1 := proc(n, k): sum((-1)^j*stirling1(n+1, n+1-k+j) * stirling1(n+1, n+1-k-j), j = -k..k) end proc: Omega(0):=1: for n from 1 to nmax do Omega(n) := (sum((-1)^(k1+n+1)*(bernoulli(2*k1)/(2*k1))*cfn1(n-1, n-k1), k1=1..n))/(2*n-1)! end do: for n from 1 to nmax do Zc(n) := (Omega(n)*2^(2*n-1))*2/((2*n+1)*(n)) end do: c(1) := denom(Zc(1)): for n from 2 to nmax do c(n) := lcm(c(n-1)*(n)*(2*n+1)/2, denom(Zc(n))); p(n) := c(n-1) end do: y(1):=Zc(1): for n from 1 to nmax-1 do y(n+1) := Zc(n+1) - ((2*n+2)/(2*n+3))*y(n) end do: for n from 1 to nmax do b(n) := 4^(-n)*(2*n+1)*n*denom(Omega(n)) end do: for n from 1 to nmax-1 do c(n+1) := lcm(c(n)*(n+1)*(2*n+3)/2, b(n+1)) end do: for n from 1 to nmax do cm(n) := c(n)*(1/6)* 4^n/(2*n+1)! end do: for n from 1 to nmax-1 do ZL(n+2) := cm(n+1)/cm(n) end do: mmax := nmax: for n from 2 to nmax do ZETA(n, 1) := p(n)*y(n-1): ZETA(n, n) := 0 end do: for m from 2 to mmax do for n from m+1 to nmax do ZETA(n, m) := ZL(n)*(ZETA(n-1, m-1) - (n-1)^2* ZETA(n-1, m)) end do end do; seq(seq(ZETA(n,m), m=1..n-1), n=2..nmax);
# End first program (program edited, Johannes W. Meijer, Sep 20 2012)
nmax1 := 10; m := 1; ZS1row := 1-2*m; with(combinat): t1 := proc(n, k): sum((-1)^j * stirling1(n+1, n+1-k+j) * stirling1(n+1, n+1-k-j), j = -k..k) end proc: mmax1 := nmax1: for m1 from 1 to mmax1 do M(m1-1) := 2^(2*m1-2)/((2*m1-1)!) end do: for m1 from 1 to mmax1 do ZS1[ -2*m1+1, 1] := 2*(-bernoulli(2*m1)/(2*m1)) od: for n from 2 to nmax1 do for m1 from 1 to mmax1-n+1 do ZS1[-2*m1+1, n] := M(n-1)*sum((-1)^(k1+1)*t1(n-1, k1-1) * ZS1[2*k1-2*n-2*m1+1, 1], k1 = 1..n) od: od: seq(ZS1[1-2*m, n], n = 1..nmax1-m+1);
# End second program (program edited, Johannes W. Meijer, Sep 20 2012)

We discovered a remarkable relation between the Zeta triangle coefficients ZETA(n,m) = ZL(n)*(ZETA(n-1,m-1)-(n-1)^2*ZETA(n-1,m)) for n = 3, 4, ... and m = 2, 3, .... See A160475 for ZETA(n,m=1) and furthermore ZETA(n,n) = 0 for n = 2, 3, ....
We observe that the ZL(n) = A160479(n) sequence also rules the Lambda triangle A160487.
The generating functions GH(z;n) of the coefficients in the matrix columns are defined by
GH(z;n) = sum(ZS1[2*m-1,n]*z^(2*m-2), m=1..infinity), with n = 1, 2, 3, .... This definition, and our choice of ZS1[1,1] = 2*gamma, leads to GH(z;n=1) = (-Psi(1-z)-Psi(1+z)) with Psi(z) the digamma-function. Furthermore we discovered that GH(z;n) = GH(z;n-1)*(2*z^2/((2*n-1)*(n-1))-(2*n-2)/(2*n-1))+2*ZS1[ -1,n-1]/((2*n-1)*(n-1)) for n = 2, 3 , ..., with ZS1[ -1,n] = 2^(2*n-1)*A002195(n)/A002196(n) for n = 1, 2, ....
We found the following general expression for the GH(z;n) polynomials, for n = 2, 3, ...:
GH(z;n) = (h(n)*CFN1(z;n)*GH(z;n=1) + ZETA(z;n))/p(n) with
h(n) = 6*A160476(n) and p(n) = A160478(n).

A160480 The Beta triangle read by rows.

Original entry on oeis.org

-1, -11, 1, -299, 36, -1, -15371, 2063, -85, 1, -1285371, 182474, -8948, 166, -1, -159158691, 23364725, -1265182, 29034, -287, 1, -27376820379, 4107797216, -237180483, 6171928, -77537, 456, -1

Offset: 2

Johannes W. Meijer, May 24 2009, Sep 19 2012

The coefficients of the BS1 matrix are defined by BS1[2*m-1,n] = int(y^(2*m-1)/(cosh(y))^(2*n-1),y=0..infinity)/factorial(2*m-1) for m = 1, 2, ... and n = 1, 2, ... .
This definition leads to BS1[2*m-1,n=1] = 2*beta(2*m), for m = 1, 2, ..., and the recurrence relation BS1 [2*m-1,n] = (2*n-3)/(2*n-2)*(BS1[2*m-1,n-1] - BS1[2*m-3,n-1]/(2*n-3)^2) which we used to extend our definition of the BS1 matrix coefficients to m = 0, -1, -2, ... . We discovered that BS1[ -1,n] = 1 for n = 1, 2, ... . As usual beta(m) = sum((-1)^k/(1+2*k)^m, k=0..infinity).
The coefficients in the columns of the BS1 matrix, for m = 1, 2, 3, ..., and n = 2, 3, 4, ..., can be generated with the GK(z;n) polynomials for which we found the following general expression GK(z;n) = ((-1)^(n+1)*CFN2(z;n)*GK(z;n=1) + BETA(z;n))/p(n).
The CFN2(z;n) polynomials depend on the central factorial numbers A008956.
The BETA(z;n) are the Beta polynomials which lead to the Beta triangle.
The zero patterns of the Beta polynomials resemble a UFO. These patterns resemble those of the Eta, Zeta and Lambda polynomials, see A160464, A160474 and A160487.
The first Maple algorithm generates the coefficients of the Beta triangle. The second Maple algorithm generates the BS1[2*m-1,n] coefficients for m = 0, -1, -2, -3, ... .
Some of our results are conjectures based on numerical evidence, see especially A160481.

			The first few rows of the triangle BETA(n,m) with n=2,3,... and m=1,2,... are
  [ -1],
  [ -11, 1],
  [ -299, 36, -1],
  [ -15371, 2063 -85, 1].
The first few BETA(z;n) polynomials are
  BETA(z;n=2) = -1,
  BETA(z;n=3) = -11 + z^2,
  BETA(z;n=4) = -299 + 36*z^2 - z^4.
The first few CFN1(z;n) polynomials are
  CFN2(z;n=2) = (z^2 - 1),
  CFN2(z;n=3) = (z^4 - 10*z^2 + 9),
  CFN2(z;n=4) = (z^6 - 35*z^4 + 259*z^2 - 225).
The first few generating functions GK(z;n) are
  GK(z;n=2) = ((-1)*(z^2-1)*GK(z,n=1) + (-1))/2,
  GK(z;n=3) = ((z^4 - 10*z^2 + 9)*GK(z,n=1)+ (-11 + z^2))/24,
  GK(z;n=4) = ((-1)*(z^6 - 35*z^4 + 259*z^2 - 225)*GK(z,n=1) + (-299 + 36*z^2 - z^4))/720.

M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions, National Bureau of Standards, Applied Math. Series 55, Tenth Printing, 1972, Chapter 23, pp. 811-812.
J. M. Amigo, Relations among Sums of Reciprocal Powers Part II, International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences , Volume 2008 (2008), pp. 1-20.
Johannes W. Meijer, The zeros of the Eta, Zeta, Beta and Lambda polynomials, jpg and pdf, Mar 03 2013.

A160481 equals the rows sums.
A101269 and A160482 equal the first and second left hand columns.
A160483 and A160484 equal the second and third right hand columns.
A160485 and A160486 are two related triangles.
The CFN2(z, n) and the cfn2(n, k) lead to A008956.
Cf. the Eta, Zeta and Lambda triangles: A160464, A160474 and A160487.
Cf. A162443 (BG1 matrix).

nmax := 8; mmax := nmax: for n from 1 to nmax do BETA(n, n) := 0 end do: m := 1: for n from m+1 to nmax do BETA(n, m) := (2*n-3)^2*BETA(n-1, m) - (2*n-4)! od: for m from 2 to mmax do for n from m+1 to nmax do BETA(n, m) := (2*n-3)^2*BETA(n-1, m) - BETA(n-1, m-1) od: od: seq(seq(BETA(n, m), m=1..n-1), n= 2..nmax);
# End first program
nmax1 := 25; m := 1; BS1row := 1-2*m; for n from 0 to nmax1 do cfn2(n, 0) := 1: cfn2(n, n) := (doublefactorial(2*n-1))^2 od: for n from 1 to nmax1 do for k from 1 to n-1 do cfn2(n, k) := (2*n-1)^2*cfn2(n-1, k-1) + cfn2(n-1, k) od: od: mmax1 := nmax1: for m1 from 1 to mmax1 do BS1[1-2*m1, 1] := euler(2*m1-2) od: for n from 2 to nmax1 do for m1 from 1 to mmax1-n+1 do BS1[1-2*m1, n] := (-1)^(n+1)*sum((-1)^(k1+1)*cfn2(n-1, k1-1) * BS1[2*k1-2*n-2*m1+1, 1], k1 =1..n)/(2*n-2)! od: od: seq(BS1[1-2*m, n], n=1..nmax1-m+1);
# End second program

BETA[2, 1] = -1;
BETA[n_, 1] := BETA[n, 1] = (2*n - 3)^2*BETA[n - 1, 1] - (2*n - 4)!;
BETA[n_ /; n > 2, m_ /; m > 0] /; 1 <= m <= n := BETA[n, m] = (2*n - 3)^2*BETA[n - 1, m] - BETA[n - 1, m - 1];
BETA[, ] = 0;
Table[BETA[n, m], {n, 2, 9}, {m, 1, n - 1}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Dec 13 2017 *)

We discovered a relation between the Beta triangle coefficients BETA(n,m) = (2*n-3)^2* BETA(n-1,m)- BETA(n-1,m-1) for n = 3, 4, ... and m = 2, 3, ... with BETA(n,m=1) = (2*n-3)^2*BETA(n-1,m=1) - (2*n-4)! for n = 2, 3, ... and BETA(n,n) = 0 for n = 1, 2, ... .
The generating functions GK(z;n) of the coefficients in the matrix columns are defined by
GK(z;n) = sum(BS1[2*m-1,n]*z^(2*m-2), m=1..infinity) with n = 1, 2, ... .
This definition leads to GK(z;n=1) = 1/(z*cos(Pi*z/2))*int(sin(z*t)/sin(t),t=0..Pi/2).
Furthermore we discovered that GK(z;n) = GK(z;n-1)*((2*n-3)/(2*n-2)-z^2/((2*n-2)*(2*n-3)))-1/((2*n-2)*(2*n-3)) for n = 2, 3, ... .
We found the following general expression for the GK(z;n) polynomials, for n = 2, 3, ...,
GK(z;n) = ((-1)^(n+1)*CFN2(z;n)*GK(z;n=1) + BETA(z;n))/p(n) with p(n) = (2*n-2)!.

cp's OEIS Frontend

A160479 The ZL(n) sequence of the Zeta and Lambda triangles A160474 and A160487.

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A160490 The p(n) sequence that is associated with the Lambda triangle A160487.

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A160488 First left hand column of the Lambda triangle A160487.

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A160489 Row sums of the Lambda triangle A160487.

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A008956 Triangle of central factorial numbers |4^k t(2n+1,2n+1-2k)| read by rows (n>=0, k=0..n).

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A160464 The Eta triangle.

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A058962 a(n) = 2^(2*n)*(2*n+1).

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A036283 Write cosec x = 1/x + Sum e_n x^(2n-1)/(2n-1)!; sequence gives denominators of e_n.

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A058962 a(n) = 2^(2n)(2*n+1).