A238896 -id:A238896 - cp's OEIS frontend

A001065 Sum of proper divisors (or aliquot parts) of n: sum of divisors of n that are less than n.

0, 1, 1, 3, 1, 6, 1, 7, 4, 8, 1, 16, 1, 10, 9, 15, 1, 21, 1, 22, 11, 14, 1, 36, 6, 16, 13, 28, 1, 42, 1, 31, 15, 20, 13, 55, 1, 22, 17, 50, 1, 54, 1, 40, 33, 26, 1, 76, 8, 43, 21, 46, 1, 66, 17, 64, 23, 32, 1, 108, 1, 34, 41, 63, 19, 78, 1, 58, 27, 74, 1, 123, 1, 40, 49, 64, 19, 90, 1, 106

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane, R. K. Guy

Also total number of parts in all partitions of n into equal parts that do not contain 1 as a part. - Omar E. Pol, Jan 16 2013
Related concepts: If a(n) < n, n is said to be deficient, if a(n) > n, n is abundant, and if a(n) = n, n is perfect. If there is a cycle of length 2, so that a(n) = b and a(b) = n, b and n are said to be amicable. If there is a longer cycle, the numbers in the cycle are said to be sociable. See examples. - Juhani Heino, Jul 17 2017
Sum of the smallest parts in the partitions of n into two parts such that the smallest part divides the largest. - Wesley Ivan Hurt, Dec 22 2017
a(n) is also the total number of parts congruent to 0 mod k in the partitions of k*n into equal parts that do not contain k as a part (the comment dated Jan 16 2013 is the case for k = 1). - Omar E. Pol, Nov 23 2019
Fixed points are in A000396. - Alois P. Heinz, Mar 10 2024

			x^2 + x^3 + 3*x^4 + x^5 + 6*x^6 + x^7 + 7*x^8 + 4*x^9 + 8*x^10 + x^11 + ...
For n = 44, sum of divisors of n = sigma(n) = 84; so a(44) = 84-44 = 40.
Related concepts: (Start)
From 1 to 17, all n are deficient, except 6 and 12 seen below. See A005100.
Abundant numbers: a(12) = 16, a(18) = 21. See A005101.
Perfect numbers: a(6) = 6, a(28) = 28. See A000396.
Amicable numbers: a(220) = 284, a(284) = 220. See A259180.
Sociable numbers: 12496 -> 14288 -> 15472 -> 14536 -> 14264 -> 12496. See A122726. (End)
For n = 10 the sum of the divisors of 10 that are less than 10 is 1 + 2 + 5 = 8. On the other hand, the partitions of 10 into equal parts that do not contain 1 as a part are [10], [5,5], [2,2,2,2,2], there are 8 parts, so a(10) = 8. - _Omar E. Pol_, Nov 24 2019

M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions, National Bureau of Standards Applied Math. Series 55, 1964 (and various reprintings), p. 840.
George E. Andrews, Number Theory. New York: Dover, 1994; Pages 1, 75-92; p. 92 #15: Sigma(n) / d(n) >= n^(1/2).
Carl Pomerance, The first function and its iterates, pp. 125-138 in Connections in Discrete Mathematics, ed. S. Butler et al., Cambridge, 2018.
H. J. J. te Riele, Perfect numbers and aliquot sequences, pp. 77-94 in J. van de Lune, ed., Studieweek "Getaltheorie en Computers", published by Math. Centrum, Amsterdam, Sept. 1980.
N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).
James J. Tattersall, Elementary Number Theory in Nine Chapters, Cambridge University Press, 1999, page 91.

T. D. Noe, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions, National Bureau of Standards, Applied Math. Series 55, Tenth Printing, 1972. [alternative scanned copy].
Joerg Arndt, On computing the generalized Lambert series, arXiv:1202.6525v3 [math.CA], (2012).
Henry Bottomley, Illustration of initial terms
K. Chum, R. K. Guy, M. J. Jacobson, Jr., and A. S. Mosunov, Numerical and statistical analysis of aliquot sequences, Exper. Math. 29 (2020), no. 4, 414-425; arXiv:2110.14136, Oct. 2021 [math.NT].
Don Coppersmith, An answer to the problem of Don Saari, 1987.
Paul Erdős, Andrew Granville, Carl Pomerance and Claudia Spiro, On the normal behavior of the iterates of some arithmetic functions, Analytic number theory, Birkhäuser Boston, 1990, pp. 165-204.
Paul Erdős, Andrew Granville, Carl Pomerance and Claudia Spiro, On the normal behavior of the iterates of some arithmetic functions, Analytic number theory, Birkhäuser Boston, 1990, pp. 165-204. [Annotated copy with A-numbers]
Passawan Noppakaew and Prapanpong Pongsriiam, Product of Some Polynomials and Arithmetic Functions, J. Int. Seq. (2023) Vol. 26, Art. 23.9.1.
P. Pollack and C. Pomerance, Some problems of Erdős on the sum-of-divisors function, For Richard Guy on his 99th birthday: May his sequence be unbounded, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. Ser. B 3 (2016), 1-26; errata.
Carl Pomerance and Hee-Sung Yang, Variant of a theorem of Erdős on the sum-of-proper-divisors function, Math. Comp., to appear (2014).
Primefan, Sums of Restricted Divisors for n=1 to 1000
F. Richman, Aliquot series: Abundant, deficient, perfect
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Restricted Divisor Function
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Divisor Function
Index entries for "core" sequences

Least inverse: A070015, A359132.
Values taken: A078923, values not taken: A005114.
Records: A034090, A034091.
First differences: A053246, partial sums: A153485.
a(n) = n - A033879(n) = n + A033880(n). - Omar E. Pol, Dec 30 2013
Row sums of A141846 and of A176891. - Gary W. Adamson, May 02 2010
Row sums of A176079. - Mats Granvik, May 20 2012
Alternating row sums of A231347. - Omar E. Pol, Jan 02 2014
a(n) = sum (A027751(n,k): k = 1..A000005(n)-1). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Apr 05 2013
For n > 1: a(n) = A240698(n,A000005(n)-1). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Apr 10 2014
A134675(n) = A007434(n) + a(n). - Conjectured by John Mason and proved by Max Alekseyev, Jan 07 2015
Cf. A032741, A000203, A048050, A000593, A027750.
Cf. A051953, A051731.
Cf. A037020 (primes), A053868, A053869 (odd and even terms).
Cf. A048138 (number of occurrences), A238895, A238896 (record values thereof).
Cf. A007956 (products of proper divisors).
Cf. A005100, A005101, A000396, A259180, A122726 (related concepts).

a001065 n = a000203 n - n  -- Reinhard Zumkeller, Sep 15 2011

[SumOfDivisors(n)-n: n in [1..100]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, May 06 2015

A001065 := proc(n)
    numtheory[sigma](n)-n ;
end proc:
seq( A001065(n),n=1..100) ;

Table[ Plus @@ Select[ Divisors[ n ], #Zak Seidov, Sep 10 2009 *)
Table[DivisorSigma[1, n] - n, {n, 1, 80}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Apr 25 2013 *)
Array[Plus @@ Most@ Divisors@# &, 80] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Dec 24 2017 *)

numlib::sigma(n)-n$ n=1..81 // Zerinvary Lajos, May 13 2008

{a(n) = if( n==0, 0, sigma(n) - n)} /* Michael Somos, Sep 20 2011 */

from sympy import divisor_sigma
def A001065(n): return divisor_sigma(n)-n # Chai Wah Wu, Nov 04 2022

[sigma(n, 1)-n for n in range(1, 81)] # Stefano Spezia, Jul 14 2025

G.f.: Sum_{k>0} k * x^(2*k)/(1 - x^k). - Michael Somos, Jul 05 2006
a(n) = sigma(n) - n = A000203(n) - n. - Lekraj Beedassy, Jun 02 2005
a(n) = A155085(-n). - Michael Somos, Sep 20 2011
Equals inverse Mobius transform of A051953 = A051731 * A051953. Example: a(6) = 6 = (1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1) dot (0, 1, 1, 2, 1, 4) = (0 + 1 + 1 + 0 + 0 + 4), where A051953 = (0, 1, 1, 2, 1, 4, 1, 4, 3, 6, 1, 8, ...) and (1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1) = row 6 of A051731 where the 1's positions indicate the factors of 6. - Gary W. Adamson, Jul 11 2008
a(n) = A006128(n) - A220477(n) - n. - Omar E. Pol Jan 17 2013
a(n) = Sum_{i=1..floor(n/2)} i*(1-ceiling(frac(n/i))). - Wesley Ivan Hurt, Oct 25 2013
Dirichlet g.f.: zeta(s-1)*(zeta(s) - 1). - Ilya Gutkovskiy, Aug 07 2016
a(n) = 1 + A048050(n), n > 1. - R. J. Mathar, Mar 13 2018
Erdős (Elem. Math. 28 (1973), 83-86) shows that the density of even integers in the range of a(n) is strictly less than 1/2. The argument of Coppersmith (1987) shows that the range of a(n) has density at most 47/48 < 1. - N. J. A. Sloane, Dec 21 2019
G.f.: Sum_{k >= 2} x^k/(1 - x^k)^2. Cf. A296955. (This follows from the fact that if g(z) = Sum_{n >= 1} a(n)*z^n and f(z) = Sum_{n >= 1} a(n)*z^(N*n)/(1 - z^n) then f(z) = Sum_{k >= N} g(z^k), taking a(n) = n and N = 2.) - Peter Bala, Jan 13 2021
Faster converging g.f.: Sum_{n >= 1} q^(n*(n+1))*(n*q^(3*n+2) - (n + 1)*q^(2*n+1) - (n - 1)*q^(n+1) + n)/((1 - q^n)*(1 - q^(n+1))^2). (In equation 1 in Arndt, after combining the two n = 0 summands to get -t/(1 - t), apply the operator t*d/dt to the resulting equation and then set t = q and x = 1.) - Peter Bala, Jan 22 2021
a(n) = Sum_{d|n} d * (1 - [n = d]), where [ ] is the Iverson bracket. - Wesley Ivan Hurt, Jan 28 2021
a(n) = Sum_{i=1..n} ((n-1) mod i) - (n mod i). [See also A176079.] - José de Jesús Camacho Medina, Feb 23 2021

A048138 a(n) = number of m such that sum of proper divisors of m (A001065(m)) is n.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 1, 0, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 1, 2, 2, 3, 2, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 5, 2, 3, 1, 3, 1, 4, 1, 1, 3, 4, 2, 5, 2, 3, 2, 3, 1, 6, 2, 4, 0, 3, 2, 6, 1, 5, 1, 3, 1, 6, 2, 3, 3, 6, 1, 6, 1, 2, 1, 5, 1, 8, 3, 4, 3, 5, 1, 7, 1, 6, 1, 4, 1, 8, 1, 5, 0, 5, 2, 9, 2, 4, 1, 4, 0, 9, 1, 3, 2, 6, 1, 8, 2, 7, 4

Offset: 2

Naohiro Nomoto

The offset is 2 since there are infinitely many numbers (all the primes) for which A001065 = 1.
The graph of this sequence, shifted by 1, looks similar to that of A061358, which counts Goldbach partitions of n. - T. D. Noe, Dec 05 2008
For n > 2, a(n) <= A000009(n) as all divisor lists must have distinct values. - Roderick MacPhee, Sep 13 2016
The smallest k > 0 such that there are exactly n numbers whose sum of proper divisors is k is A125601(n). - Bernard Schott, Mar 23 2023

			a(6) = 2 since 6 is the sum of the proper divisors of 6 and 25.

T. D. Noe, Table of n, a(n) for n = 2..10000
Carl Pomerance, The first function and its iterates, pp. 125-138 in Connections in Discrete Mathematics, ed. S. Butler et al., Cambridge, 2018.

Cf. A001065, A064440, A125601, A238895, A238896 (records).

Cf. A005114, A057709, A057710, A160133.

with(numtheory): for n from 2 to 150 do count := 0: for m from 1 to n^2 do if sigma(m) - m = n then count := count+1 fi: od: printf(`%d,`,count): od:

list(n)=my(v=vector(n-1),k); for(m=4,n^2, k=sigma(m)-m; if(k>1 & k<=n, v[k-1]++)); v \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Apr 21 2011

From Bernard Schott, Mar 23 2023: (Start)
a(n) = 0 iff n is in A005114 (untouchable numbers).
a(n) = 1 iff n is in A057709 ("hermit" numbers).
a(n) = 2 iff n is in A057710.
a(n) > 1 iff n is in A160133. (End)

More terms from James Sellers, Feb 19 2001

A238895 Numbers m > 1 such that a record number of numbers k have m as the sum of the proper divisors of k.

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 3, 6, 21, 31, 49, 73, 91, 115, 121, 169, 211, 301, 331, 361, 391, 421, 511, 631, 721, 781, 841, 1051, 1261, 1471, 1561, 1681, 1891, 2101, 2311, 2521, 2731, 3151, 3361, 3571, 3991, 4201, 4411, 4621, 5251, 5461, 6091, 6511, 6721, 6931, 7771, 7981, 8191, 9031

Offset: 1

T. D. Noe, Mar 10 2014

nonn

The number of times that a(n) appears in A001065 is A238896(n).
By analogy with the untouchable numbers (A005114) and the highly composite numbers (A002182), these numbers can be named "highly touchable" (see Lignon). - Daniel Lignon, Mar 21 2014
Indices of record values in A048138. - Franklin T. Adams-Watters, Jul 27 2014

			For 2, there are no numbers.
For 3, there is 1 number: 4.
For 6, there are 2 numbers: 6 and 25.
For 21, there are 3 numbers: 18, 51, 91.
For 31, there are 5 numbers: 32, 125, 161, 209, 221.
For 49, there are 6 numbers: 75, 215, 287, 407, 527, 551.

Daniel Lignon, Dictionnaire de (presque) tous les nombres entiers, Editions Ellipses, 2012, see p. 317 (in French).

Amiram Eldar, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..245 (terms 1..139 from Daniel Mondot)

Cf. A001065, A005114, A048138, A238896.
Cf. A152454 (row n lists the numbers whose proper divisors sum to n).
Cf. A239625 (irregular table giving the rows of numbers that produce a(n)).

nn = 1000; s = Table[0, {nn}]; Do[k = DivisorSigma[1, n] - n; If[0 < k <= nn, s[[k]]++], {n, nn^2}]; t = {}; mx = -1; Do[If[s[[n]] > mx, mx = s[[n]]; AppendTo[t, {n, mx}]], {n, 2, nn}]; Transpose[t][[1]]

A064440 Numbers k such that A048138(k) is a prime and sets a new record for such primes.

Original entry on oeis.org

6, 21, 31, 79, 121, 265, 271, 379, 541, 631, 1051, 1351, 1597, 1711, 2071, 2401, 2551, 2761, 2881, 2941, 3811, 4111, 4471, 4531, 4621, 5251, 6091, 8341, 8371, 8401, 8821, 9871, 11551, 13651, 16171, 19531, 21211, 22681, 23101, 27931, 30661, 32551, 33811, 37591

Offset: 1

Jason Earls, Oct 01 2001

nonn

Amiram Eldar, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..188

Cf. A001065, A048138, A238895, A238896.

seq[max_] := Module[{s = Table[0, {n, 1, max}], i, v = {}, m = 0}, Do[If[(i = DivisorSigma[1, n] - n) <= max, s[[i]]++], {n, 2, (max - 1)^2}]; Do[If[s[[i]] > m && PrimeQ[s[[i]]], m = s[[i]]; AppendTo[v, i]], {i, 1, max}]; v]; seq[2000] (* Amiram Eldar, Sep 23 2022 *)

f(n) = my(s=0); for(x=1,n^2, if(sigma(x)-x==n,s++)); s;
a=0; for(n=1,10^5,x=f(n); if(isprime(x),b=x; if(b>a,a=b; print1(n, ", "))))

Corrected and extended by Matthew Conroy, Oct 02 2001

a(11)-a(44) from Amiram Eldar, Oct 01 2019

A356445 a(n) is the number of times that A064440(n) occurs as the sum of proper divisors function (A001065).

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 3, 5, 7, 13, 17, 19, 23, 31, 41, 59, 61, 67, 79, 83, 97, 101, 109, 113, 127, 131, 139, 149, 151, 193, 199, 223, 227, 229, 277, 283, 317, 397, 433, 521, 541, 577, 607, 677, 743, 757, 811, 863, 881, 911, 971, 1031, 1049, 1063, 1093, 1249, 1319, 1373, 1433, 1489

Offset: 1

Amiram Eldar, Sep 23 2022

nonn

The record values correspond to the terms of A064440.

All the terms are primes by definition.

Amiram Eldar, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..188

Cf. A001065, A048138, A064440, A238895, A238896.

seq[max_] := Module[{s = Table[0, {n, 1, max}], i, v = {}, m = 0}, Do[If[(i = DivisorSigma[1, n] - n) <= max, s[[i]]++], {n, 2, (max - 1)^2}]; Do[If[s[[i]] > m && PrimeQ[s[[i]]], m = s[[i]]; AppendTo[v, s[[i]]]], {i, 1, max}]; v]; seq[2000]

a(n) = A048138(A064440(n)).

A362403 Number of times that the number A362402(n) occurs as a sum of divisors that have a square factor (A162296).

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 9, 10, 13, 15, 16, 20, 22, 23, 28, 34, 46, 53, 60, 62, 78, 81, 113, 115, 122, 132, 154, 184, 185, 222, 248, 254, 343, 346, 350, 354, 497, 569, 701, 711, 860, 941, 1088, 1221, 1222, 1235, 1263, 1306, 1572, 1721, 1737, 1948, 2191, 2315, 2418, 2877

Offset: 1

Amiram Eldar, Apr 18 2023

nonn

Amiram Eldar, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..60

Cf. A162296, A362401, A362402.

Similar sequences: A131934, A101373, A206027, A238896.

s[n_] := Module[{f = FactorInteger[n], p, e}, p = f[[;; , 1]]; e = f[[;; , 2]]; Times @@ ((p^(e + 1) - 1)/(p - 1)) - Times @@ (p + 1)]; s[1] = 0; seq[max_] := Module[{v = Select[Array[s, max], 0 < # <= max &], sq = {0}, t, tmax = 0}, t = Sort[Tally[v]]; Do[If[t[[k]][[2]] > tmax, tmax = t[[k]][[2]]; AppendTo[sq, t[[k]][[2]]]], {k, 1, Length[t]}]; sq]; seq[10^5]

s(n) = {my(f = factor(n), p, e); prod(i = 1, #f~, p = f[i, 1]; e = f[i, 2]; ((p^(e + 1) - 1)/(p - 1))) -  prod(i = 1, #f~, f[i, 1] + 1);}
lista(kmax) = {my(v = vector(kmax), vmax = 0, i); for(k=1, kmax, i = s(k); if(i > 0 && i <= kmax, v[i]++)); print1(0, ", "); for(k=1, kmax, if(v[k] > vmax, vmax = v[k]; print1(v[k], ", "))); }

A325202 Number of times that A325177(n) occurs in the sum of proper unitary divisors function (A034460).

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 21, 24, 26, 28, 31, 33, 35, 37, 38, 45, 49, 56, 60, 63, 64, 65, 72, 73, 81, 83, 94, 100, 105, 121, 138, 145, 149, 169, 175, 176, 180, 182, 202, 210, 234, 236, 256, 285, 288, 306, 319, 343, 347, 362, 382

Offset: 1

Amiram Eldar, Sep 05 2019

nonn

The unitary version of A238896.

Cf. A034448, A034460, A063948, A238896, A324938, A325177.

us[1] = 0; us[n_] := Times @@ (1 + Power @@@ FactorInteger[n]) - n;  m = 300; v = Table[0, {m}]; Do[u = us[k]; If[2 <= u <= m, v[[u]]++], {k, 1, m^2}]; s = {}; vm = -1; Do[If[v[[k]] > vm, vm = v[[k]]; AppendTo[s, vm]], {k, 2, m}]; s

a(n) = A324938(A325177(n)).

cp's OEIS Frontend

A001065 Sum of proper divisors (or aliquot parts) of n: sum of divisors of n that are less than n.

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A048138 a(n) = number of m such that sum of proper divisors of m (A001065(m)) is n.

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A238895 Numbers m > 1 such that a record number of numbers k have m as the sum of the proper divisors of k.

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A064440 Numbers k such that A048138(k) is a prime and sets a new record for such primes.

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A356445 a(n) is the number of times that A064440(n) occurs as the sum of proper divisors function (A001065).

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A362403 Number of times that the number A362402(n) occurs as a sum of divisors that have a square factor (A162296).

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A325202 Number of times that A325177(n) occurs in the sum of proper unitary divisors function (A034460).

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