cp's OEIS Frontend

The partitions of number n are grouped by increasing length and in reverse lexical order for partitions of the same length.

This sequence is in the Abramowitz-Stegun ordering, see A036036. - Hartmut F. W. Hoft, Apr 25 2015

A000041 = (1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, ...) = (1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, ...) * (1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 2, 0, 3, 0, 4, 0, 5, 0, 7, 0, 9, 0, ...).

The sequence diverges from A100853 after 16 terms; and is a conjectured Euler transform of A035263: (1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, ...).

Also the finite sequence a(1)..a(r), where a(r) is a record in the sequence, is also a finite triangle read by rows: T(n,k) = number of cells in the k-column of the n-th region of the integer whose number of partitions is equal to a(r).

T(n,k) is also 1 plus the number of holes between T(n,k) and the previous member in the column k of triangle.

T(n,k) is also the height of the column mentioned in the definition, in a three-dimensional model of the set of partitions of j, in which the regions appear rotated 90 degrees and where the pivots are the largest part of every region (see A141285). For the definition of "region" see A206437. - Omar E. Pol, Feb 06 2014

By the conjecture in A234567, this sequence should have infinitely many terms. It seems that a(n+1) < a(n) + a(n-1) for all n > 5.

The b-file lists all terms not exceeding the 500000th prime 7368787. Note that P(a(113)-1) is a prime having 2999 decimal digits.

See also A234572 for primes of the form P(p-1) with p prime.

Conjecture: (i) a(n) > 0 for all n > 0, and a(n) = 1 only for n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 30, 109. Also, for each n > 2 there is a positive integer k <= n+3 such that p(n) - k is prime.

(ii) For the strict partition function q(.) given by A000009, we have |{0 < k <= n: q(n) + k is prime}| > 0 for all n > 0 and |{0 < k <= n: q(n) - k is prime}| > 0 for all n > 4.

This array was inspired by R. H. Hardin's recurrences for the columns of array A212855. Rows k=1 to k=5 are due to him, while the remaining rows were computed by Alois P. Heinz.

Row n has length A000041(n) + 1, i.e., one more than the number of partitions of n.

Let R(m,n) := R(m,n,t=0) = A212855(m,n) for m,n >= 1, where R(m,n,t) = LHS of Eq. (6) of Abramson and Promislow (1978, p. 248).

Let P_n be the set of all lists a = (a_1, a_2,..., a_n) of integers a_i >= 0, i = 1,..., n such that 1*a_1 + 2*a_2 + ... + n*a_n = n; i.e., P_n is the set all integer partitions of n. (We use a different notation for partitions than the one in the name of T(n,k).) Then |P_n| = A000041(n) for n >= 0.

We have R(m,n) = A212855(m,n) = Sum_{a in P_n} (-1)^(n - Sum_{j=1..n} a_j) * (a_1 + a_2 + ... + a_n)!/(a_1! * a_2! * ... * a_n!) * (n! / ((1!)^a_1 * (2!)^a_2 * ... * (n!)^a_n))^m.

The recurrence of R. H. Hardin for column n of array A212855 is Sum_{s = 0..|P_n|} (-1)^s * T(n,s) * R(m-s,n) = 0 for n >= 1 and m >= |P_n| + 1.

The above recurrence is correct for all n >= 1, but it is not always a minimal one. For example, it seems to be the minimal one for n = 1,...,6, but not for n = 7 (see A212854). It seems to be minimal whenever every two different partitions of n give different multinomial coefficients.

For n = 7, the partitions (a_1, a_2, a_3, a_4, a_5, a_6, a_7) = (0, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0) (i.e., 2 + 2 + 3) and (a_1, a_2, a_3, a_4, a_5, a_6, a_7) = (3, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0) (i.e., 1 + 1 + 1 + 4) give the same multinomial coefficient: 210 = 7!/(2!2!3!) = 7!/(1!1!1!4!). Hence, to find the minimal recurrence for n = 7, we count 210 only once in the set of multinomial coefficients: 1, 7, 21, 35, 42, 105, 140, 210, 420, 630, 840, 1260, 2520, 5040. Then the absolute value of the coefficient of a(n-1) in the minimal recurrence is the sum of these multinomial coefficients (i.e., 11271); the absolute value of the coefficient of a(n-2) in the minimal recurrence is the sum of products of every two of them (i.e., 46169368), and so on.

Looking at the multinomial coefficients of the integer partitions of n = 8, 9, 10 on pp. 831-832 of Abramowitz and Stegun (1964), we see that, even in these cases, the above recurrence is not the minimal one. The number of distinct multinomial coefficients among the integer partitions of n is given by A070289.

The next level gets created from each node by adding one or two more nodes. If a single node is added, its value is one more than the value of its parent. If two nodes are added, the first is equal in value to the parent and the value of the second is one more than the value of the parent.

Sequence A036043 counts the parts of numeric partitions and contains the same values on each row as the current sequence. When a node generates two branches the first branch can be mapped to cyclic partitions; all other branches map to matching partitions.

Appears to be the triangle in which the n-th row contains the number of parts of each partition of n, where the partitions are ordered as in A080577. - Jason Kimberley, May 12 2010

Conjecture: a(n) > 0 for all n > 1.

The initial term could also be taken to be 0.

From the formula a(p(n)) = n, it follows that every positive integer appears in this sequence. - Franklin T. Adams-Watters, Feb 09 2016