A002997 -id:A002997 - cp's OEIS frontend

A195441 a(n) = denominator(Bernoulli_{n+1}(x) - Bernoulli_{n+1}).

1, 1, 2, 1, 6, 2, 6, 3, 10, 2, 6, 2, 210, 30, 6, 3, 30, 10, 210, 42, 330, 30, 30, 30, 546, 42, 14, 2, 30, 2, 462, 231, 3570, 210, 6, 2, 51870, 2730, 210, 42, 2310, 330, 2310, 210, 4830, 210, 210, 210, 6630, 1326, 858, 66, 330, 110, 798, 114, 870, 30, 30, 6

Offset: 0

Peter Luschny, Sep 18 2011

nonn

If s(n) is the smallest number such that s(n)*(1^n + 2^n + ... + x^n) is a polynomial in x with integer coefficients then a(n)=s(n)/(n+1) (see A064538).
a(n) is squarefree, by the von Staudt-Clausen theorem on the denominators of Bernoulli numbers. - Kieren MacMillan and Jonathan Sondow, Nov 20 2015
Kellner and Sondow give a detailed analysis of this sequence and provide a simple way to compute the terms without using Bernoulli polynomials and numbers. They prove that a(n) is the product of the primes less than or equal to (n+2)/(2+(n mod 2)) such that the sum of digits of n+1 in base p is at least p. - Peter Luschny, May 14 2017
The equation a(n-1) = denominator(Bernoulli_n(x) - Bernoulli_n) = rad(n+1) has only finitely many solutions, where rad(n) = A007947(n) is the radical of n. It is conjectured that S = {3, 5, 8, 9, 11, 27, 29, 35, 59} is the full set of all such solutions. Note that (S\{8})+1 joined with {1,2} equals A094960. More precisely, the set S implies the finite sequence of A094960. See Kellner 2023. - Bernd C. Kellner, Oct 18 2023
As was observed in the example section of A318256: denominator(B_n(x)) = rad(n+1) if n is in {0, 1, 3, 5, 9, 11, 27, 29, 35, 59} = {A094960(n) - 1: 1 <= n <= 10}. - Peter Luschny, Oct 18 2023

Peter Luschny, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..10000 (terms 0..1000 from G. C. Greubel)
Olivier Bordellès, Florian Luca, Pieter Moree, and Igor E. Shparlinski, Denominators of Bernoulli polynomials, Mathematika 64 (2018), 519-541.
Harald Hofstätter, Denominators of coefficients of the Baker-Campbell-Hausdorff series, arXiv:2010.03440 [math.NT], 2020. Mentions this sequence.
Bernd C. Kellner, On a product of certain primes, J. Number Theory, 179 (2017), 126-141; arXiv:1705.04303 [math.NT], 2017.
Bernd C. Kellner, On the finiteness of Bernoulli polynomials whose derivative has only integral coefficients, J. Integer Seq. 27 (2024), Article 24.2.8, 11 pp.; arXiv:2310.01325 [math.NT], 2023.
Bernd C. Kellner and Jonathan Sondow, Power-Sum Denominators, Amer. Math. Monthly, 124 (2017), 695-709; arXiv:1705.03857 [math.NT], 2017.
Bernd C. Kellner and Jonathan Sondow, The denominators of power sums of arithmetic progressions, Integers 18 (2018), #A95, 17 pp.; arXiv:1705.05331 [math.NT], 2017.
Bernd C. Kellner and Jonathan Sondow, On Carmichael and polygonal numbers, Bernoulli polynomials, and sums of base-p digits, Integers 21 (2021), #A52, 21 pp.; arXiv:1902.10672 [math.NT], 2019.

Cf. A002997, A064538, A094960, A144845, A286516, A286762, A286763, A318256, A324369, A324370, A324371.

using Nemo, Primes
function A195441(n::Int)
    n < 4 && return ZZ([1,1,2,1][n+1])
    P = primes(2, div(n+2, 2+n%2))
    prod([ZZ(p) for p in P if p <= sum(digits(n+1, base=p))])
end
println([A195441(n) for n in 0:59]) # Peter Luschny, May 14 2017

A195441 := n -> denom(bernoulli(n+1, x)-bernoulli(n+1)):
seq(A195441(i),i=0..59);
# Formula of Kellner and Sondow:
a := proc(n) local s; s := (p,n) -> add(i,i=convert(n,base,p));
select(isprime,[$2..(n+2)/(2+irem(n,2))]); mul(i,i=select(p->s(p,n+1)>=p,%)) end: seq(a(n), n=0..59); # Peter Luschny, May 14 2017

a[n_] := Denominator[Together[(BernoulliB[n + 1, x] - BernoulliB[n + 1])]]; Table[a[n], {n, 0, 59}] (* Jonathan Sondow, Nov 20 2015 *)
SD[n_, p_] := If[n < 1 || p < 2, 0, Plus @@ IntegerDigits[n, p]]; DD[n_] := Times @@ Select[Prime[Range[PrimePi[(n+2)/(2+Mod[n, 2])]]], SD[n+1, #] >= # &]; Table[DD[n], {n, 0, 59}] (* Bernd C. Kellner, Oct 18 2023 *)

a(n) = {my(vp = Vec(bernpol(n+1, x)-bernfrac(n+1))); lcm(vector(#vp, k, denominator(vp[k])));} \\ Michel Marcus, Feb 08 2016

from math import prod
from sympy.ntheory.factor_ import primerange, digits
def A195441(n): return prod(p for p in primerange((n+2)//(2|n&1)+1) if sum(digits(n+1,p)[1:])>=p) # Chai Wah Wu, Oct 04 2023

A195441 = lambda n: mul([p for p in (2..(n+2)//(2+n%2)) if is_prime(p) and sum((n+1).digits(base=p))>=p])
print([A195441(n) for n in (0..59)]) # Peter Luschny, May 14 2017

a(n) = A064538(n)/(n+1). - Jonathan Sondow, Nov 12 2015
A001221(a(n)) = A001222(a(n)). - Kieren MacMillan and Jonathan Sondow, Nov 20 2015
a(2*n)/a(2*n+1) = A286516(n+1). - Bernd C. Kellner and Jonathan Sondow, May 24 2017
a(n) = A007947(A338025(n+1)). - Harald Hofstätter, Oct 10 2020
From Bernd C. Kellner, Oct 18 2023: (Start)
Note that the formulas here are shifted in index by 1 due to the definition of a(n) using index n+1!
a(n) = A324369(n+1) * A324370(n+1).
a(n) = A144845(n) / A324371(n+1).
a(n-1) = lcm(a(n), rad(n+1)), if n >= 3 is odd.
If n+1 is composite, then rad(n+1) divides a(n-1).
If m is a Carmichael number (A002997), then m divides both a(m-1) and a(m-2).
See papers of Kellner and Kellner & Sondow. (End)

Definition simplified by Jonathan Sondow, Nov 20 2015

A324316 Primary Carmichael numbers.

Original entry on oeis.org

1729, 2821, 29341, 46657, 252601, 294409, 399001, 488881, 512461, 1152271, 1193221, 1857241, 3828001, 4335241, 5968873, 6189121, 6733693, 6868261, 7519441, 10024561, 10267951, 10606681, 14469841, 14676481, 15247621, 15829633, 17098369, 17236801, 17316001, 19384289, 23382529, 29111881, 31405501, 34657141, 35703361, 37964809

Offset: 1

Bernd C. Kellner and Jonathan Sondow, Feb 21 2019

Squarefree integers m > 1 such that if prime p divides m, then the sum of the base-p digits of m equals p. It follows that m is then a Carmichael number (A002997).
Dickson's conjecture implies that the sequence is infinite, see Kellner 2019.
If m is a term and p is a prime factor of m, then p <= a*sqrt(m) with a = sqrt(66337/132673) = 0.7071..., where the bound is sharp.
The distribution of primary Carmichael numbers is A324317.
See Kellner and Sondow 2019 and Kellner 2019.
Primary Carmichael numbers are special polygonal numbers A324973. The rank of the n-th primary Carmichael number is A324976(n). See Kellner and Sondow 2019. - Jonathan Sondow, Mar 26 2019
The first term is the Hardy-Ramanujan number. - Omar E. Pol, Jan 09 2020

			1729 = 7 * 13 * 19 is squarefree, and 1729 in base 7 is 5020_7 = 5 * 7^3 + 0 * 7^2 + 2 * 7 + 0 with 5+0+2+0 = 7, and 1729 in base 13 is a30_13 with a+3+0 = 10+3+0 = 13, and 1729 in base 19 is 4f0_19 with 4+f+0 = 4+15+0 = 19, so 1729 is a member.

Bernd C. Kellner, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000 (computed by using Pinch's database, see link below)
Bernd C. Kellner, On primary Carmichael numbers, #A38 Integers 22 (2022), 39 p.; arXiv:1902.11283 [math.NT], 2019.
Bernd C. Kellner and Jonathan Sondow, Power-Sum Denominators, Amer. Math. Monthly, 124 (2017), 695-709; arXiv:1705.03857 [math.NT], 2017.
Bernd C. Kellner and Jonathan Sondow, On Carmichael and polygonal numbers, Bernoulli polynomials, and sums of base-p digits, #A52 Integers 21 (2021), 21 p.; arXiv:1902.10672 [math.NT], 2019.
R. G. E. Pinch, The Carmichael numbers up to 10^18, 2008.
Index entries for sequences related to Carmichael numbers.

Subsequence of A002997, A324315.
Least primary Carmichael number with n prime factors is A306657.
Cf. also A005117, A195441, A324317, A324318, A324319, A324320, A324369, A324370, A324371, A324404, A324405, A324973, A324976, A001235.

SD[n_, p_] := If[n < 1 || p < 2, 0, Plus @@ IntegerDigits[n, p]];
LP[n_] := Transpose[FactorInteger[n]][[1]];
TestCP[n_] := (n > 1) && SquareFreeQ[n] && VectorQ[LP[n], SD[n, #] == # &];
Select[Range[1, 10^7, 2], TestCP[#] &]

use ntheory ":all"; my $m; forsquarefree { $m=$; say if @ > 2 && is_carmichael($m) && vecall { $ == vecsum(todigits($m,$)) } @; } 1e7; # _Dana Jacobsen, Mar 28 2019

from sympy import factorint
from sympy.ntheory import digits
def ok(n):
    pf = factorint(n)
    if n < 2 or max(pf.values()) > 1: return False
    return all(sum(digits(n, p)[1:]) == p for p in pf)
print([k for k in range(10**6) if ok(k)]) # Michael S. Branicky, Jul 03 2022

a_1 + a_2 + ... + a_k = p if p is prime and m = a_1 * p + a_2 * p^2 + ... + a_k * p^k with 0 <= a_i <= p-1 for i = 1, 2, ..., k (note that a_0 = 0).

A033553 3-Knödel numbers or D-numbers: numbers m > 3 such that m | k^(m-2)-k for all k with gcd(k, m) = 1.

Original entry on oeis.org

9, 15, 21, 33, 39, 51, 57, 63, 69, 87, 93, 111, 123, 129, 141, 159, 177, 183, 195, 201, 213, 219, 237, 249, 267, 291, 303, 309, 315, 321, 327, 339, 381, 393, 399, 411, 417, 447, 453, 471, 489, 501, 519, 537, 543, 573, 579, 591, 597, 633, 669, 681, 687, 693, 699, 717, 723, 753, 771, 789, 807, 813, 819

Offset: 1

David W. Wilson

nonn

From Max Alekseyev, Oct 03 2016: (Start)
Also, composite numbers m such that A000010(p^k)=(p-1)*p^(k-1) divides m-3 for every prime power p^k dividing m (cf. A002997).
Properties: (i) All terms are odd. (ii) A prime power p^k with k>1 may divide a term only if p=3 and k=2. (iii) Many terms are divisible by 3. The first term not divisible by 3 is a(2000) = 50963 (cf. A277344). (End)
All terms satisfy the congruence 2^m == 8 (mod m) and thus belong to A015922. Sequence a(n)/3 is nearly identical to A106317, which does not contain the terms 399/3 = 133 and 195/3 = 65. - Gary Detlefs, May 28 2014; corrected by Max Alekseyev, Oct 03 2016
Numbers m > 3 such that A002322(m) divides m-3. - Thomas Ordowski, Jul 15 2017
Called "D numbers" by Morrow (1951), in analogy to Carmichael numbers (A002997) that were also known then as "F numbers". Called "C_3 numbers" (and in general "C_k numbers") by Knödel (1953). Makowski (1962/63) proved that there are infinitely many k-Knödel numbers for all k >= 2. The 1-Knödel numbers are the Carmichael numbers (A002997). - Amiram Eldar, Mar 25 2024, Apr 21 2024

A. Makowski, Generalization of Morrow's D-Numbers, Bull. Belg. Math. Soc. Simon Stevin, Vol. 36 (1962/63), p. 71.
Paulo Ribenboim, The Little Book of Bigger Primes, 2nd ed., Springer, 2004, pp. 102-103.

Michael De Vlieger, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000 (First 489 terms from R. J. Mathar).
John H. Castillo and Jhony Fernando Caranguay Mainguez, The set of k-units modulo n, Involve, a Journal of Mathematics, Vol. 15, No. 3 (2022), pp. 367-378; arXiv preprint, arXiv:1708.06812 [math.NT], 2017.
Walter Knödel, Carmichaelsche Zahlen, Math. Nachr., Vol. 9 (1953), pp. 343-350.
D. C. Morrow, Some Properties of D Numbers, The American Mathematical Monthly, Vol. 58, No. 5 (1951), pp. 329-330.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, D-Number.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Knödel Numbers.
Wikipedia, Knödel number.

Cf. A002997, A050990, A050992, A050993, A208154, A208155, A208156, A208157, A208158, A277344.

isKnodel := proc(n,k)
    local a;
    for a from 1 to n do
        if igcd(a,n) = 1 then
            if modp(a&^(n-k),n) <> 1 then
                return false;
            end if;
        end if;
    end do:
    return true;
end proc:
isA033553 := proc(n)
    isKnodel(n,3) ;
end proc:
A033553 := proc(n)
    option remember;
    if n = 1 then
        return 9;
    else
        for a from procname(n-1)+1 do
            if isprime(a) then
                next;
            end if;
            if isA033553(a) then
                return a;
            end if;
        end do:
    end if;
end proc:
seq(A033553(n),n=1..100) ; # R. J. Mathar, Aug 14 2024

Select[Range[4, 10^3], Divisible[# - 3, CarmichaelLambda[#]] &] (* Michael De Vlieger, Jul 15 2017 *)

{ isA033553(n) = my(p=factor(n)); for(i=1,matsize(p)[1], if( (n-3)%eulerphi(p[i,1]^p[i,2]), return(0)); ); 1; } \\ Max Alekseyev, Oct 04 2016

Edited by N. J. A. Sloane, May 07 2007

A047713 Euler-Jacobi pseudoprimes: 2^((n-1)/2) == (2 / n) mod n, where (2 / n) is a Jacobi symbol.

Original entry on oeis.org

561, 1105, 1729, 1905, 2047, 2465, 3277, 4033, 4681, 6601, 8321, 8481, 10585, 12801, 15841, 16705, 18705, 25761, 29341, 30121, 33153, 34945, 41041, 42799, 46657, 49141, 52633, 62745, 65281, 74665, 75361, 80581, 85489, 87249, 88357, 90751, 104653

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane, Richard Pinch and Robert G. Wilson v

Odd composite numbers n such that 2^((n-1)/2) == (-1)^((n^2-1)/8) mod n. - Thomas Ordowski, Dec 21 2013

Most terms are congruent to 1 mod 8 (cf. A006971). Among the first 1000 terms, the number of terms congruent to 1, 3, 5 and 7 mod 8 are 764, 47, 125 and 64, respectively. - Jianing Song, Sep 05 2018

R. K. Guy, Unsolved Problems in Number Theory, A12.
H. Riesel, Prime numbers and computer methods for factorization, Progress in Mathematics, Vol. 57, Birkhauser, Boston, 1985.
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes the subsequence A006971).

Amiram Eldar, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000 (terms 1..1000 from T. D. Noe)
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Euler-Jacobi Pseudoprime.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Pseudoprime.
Index entries for sequences related to pseudoprimes

Cf. A002997, A001567, A048950.

Terms in this sequence satisfying certain congruence: A270698 (congruent to 1 mod 4), A270697 (congruent to 3 mod 4), A006971 (congruent to +-1 mod 8), A244628 (congruent to 3 mod 8), A244626 (congruent to 5 mod 8).

Select[ Range[ 3, 105000, 2 ], Mod[ 2^((# - 1)/2) - JacobiSymbol[ 2, # ], # ] == 0 && ! PrimeQ[ # ] & ]

is(n)=n%2 && Mod(2,n)^(n\2)==kronecker(2,n) && !isprime(n) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Dec 20 2013

Corrected by Eric W. Weisstein; more terms from David W. Wilson

A033502 Carmichael numbers of the form (6k+1)(12k+1)(18k+1), where 6k+1, 12k+1 and 18k+1 are all primes.

Original entry on oeis.org

1729, 294409, 56052361, 118901521, 172947529, 216821881, 228842209, 1299963601, 2301745249, 9624742921, 11346205609, 13079177569, 21515221081, 27278026129, 65700513721, 71171308081, 100264053529, 168003672409, 172018713961, 173032371289, 464052305161

Offset: 1

Marc LeBrun

nonn

Also called Chernick's Carmichael numbers. The polynomial (6*k+1)*(12*k+1)*(18*k+1) is the simplest Chernick polynomial. [Named after the American physicist and mathematician Jack Chernick (1911-1971). - Amiram Eldar, Jun 15 2021]
The first term, 1729, is the Hardy-Ramanujan number and the smallest primary Carmichael number (A324316).
Dickson's conjecture implies that this sequence is infinite, as pointed out by Chernick.
All terms of this sequence are primary Carmichael numbers (A324316) having the following remarkable property. Let m be a term of A033502. For each prime divisor p of m, the sum of the base-p digits of m equals p. This property also holds for "almost all" 3-term Carmichael numbers (A087788), since they can be represented by certain Chernick polynomials, whose values obey a strict s-decomposition (A324460) besides certain exceptions, see Kellner 2019. - Bernd C. Kellner, Aug 03 2022

Richard K. Guy, Unsolved Problems in Number Theory, 3rd Edition, Springer, 2004, Section A13, pp. 50-53.

Donovan Johnson, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
Jack Chernick, On Fermat's simple theorem, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc., Vol. 45, No. 4 (1939), pp. 269-274.
Shyam Sunder Gupta, On Some Special Numbers, Exploring the Beauty of Fascinating Numbers, Springer (2025) Ch. 22, 527-565.
Douglas E. Iannucci, When the small divisors of a natural number are in arithmetic progression, INTEGERS, Electronic Journal of Combinatorial Number Theory, Vol. 18 (2018), #77. See p. 9.
Bernd C. Kellner and Jonathan Sondow, On Carmichael and polygonal numbers, Bernoulli polynomials, and sums of base-p digits, Integers 21 (2021), #A52, 21 pp.; arXiv:1902.10672 [math.NT], 2019.
Bernd C. Kellner, On primary Carmichael numbers, Integers 22 (2022), #A38, 39 pp.; arXiv:1902.11283 [math.NT], 2019.
G. Tarry, I. Franel, A. Korselt, and G. Vacca. Problème chinois. L'intermédiaire des mathématiciens, Vol. 6 (1899), pp. 142-144.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Carmichael Number.
Index entries for sequences related to Carmichael numbers.

Values of k are given by A046025. Subsequence of A002997, A087788, and A324316.

Cf. A242980, A242981.

[n : k in [1..710] | IsPrime(a) and IsPrime(b) and IsPrime(c) and IsOne(n mod CarmichaelLambda(n)) where n is a*b*c where a is 6*k+1 where b is 12*k+1 where c is 18*k+1]; // Arkadiusz Wesolowski, Oct 29 2013

CarmichaelNbrQ[n_] := ! PrimeQ@ n && Mod[n, CarmichaelLambda@ n] == 1; (6# + 1)(12# + 1)(18# + 1) & /@
Select[ Range@ 1000, PrimeQ[6# + 1] && PrimeQ[12# + 1] && PrimeQ[18# + 1] && CarmichaelNbrQ[(6# + 1)(12# + 1)(18# + 1)] &]

Definition corrected (thanks to Umberto Cerruti) by Bruno Berselli, Jan 18 2013

A046025 Numbers k such that 6k+1, 12k+1 and 18*k+1 are all primes.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 6, 35, 45, 51, 55, 56, 100, 121, 195, 206, 216, 255, 276, 370, 380, 426, 506, 510, 511, 710, 741, 800, 825, 871, 930, 975, 1025, 1060, 1115, 1140, 1161, 1270, 1280, 1281, 1311, 1336, 1361, 1365, 1381, 1420, 1421, 1441, 1490, 1515, 1696, 1805, 1875, 1885

Offset: 1

Eric W. Weisstein

nonn

Main entry for this sequence is A033502.

k is a Carmichael number generator giving C(k) = (6*k+1)*(12*k+1)*(18*k+1) = A382809(k).

R. K. Guy, Unsolved Problems in Number Theory, A13.
Ivan Niven, Herbert S. Zuckerman, and Hugh L. Montgomery, An Introduction to the Theory Of Numbers, Fifth Edition, Wiley NY 1991, page 83, problem #20.
Paulo Ribenboim, The Little Book of Bigger Primes, Springer-Verlag NY 2004. See p. 101.

Donovan Johnson, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Carmichael Number.
Index entries for sequences related to Carmichael numbers.

Cf. A033502, A002997, A382809.

Select[Range[2000],And@@PrimeQ[{6,12,18}#+1]&] (* Harvey P. Dale, May 26 2014 *)

is(n)=isprime(6*n+1) && isprime(12*n+1) && isprime(18*n+1) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Jan 04 2022

Better description from Robert G. Wilson v, Sep 27 2000

A050990 2-Knödel numbers.

Original entry on oeis.org

4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 22, 24, 26, 30, 34, 38, 46, 56, 58, 62, 74, 82, 86, 94, 106, 118, 122, 132, 134, 142, 146, 158, 166, 178, 182, 194, 202, 206, 214, 218, 226, 254, 262, 274, 278, 298, 302, 314, 326, 334, 346, 358, 362, 382, 386, 394, 398, 422, 446, 454, 458

Offset: 1

Eric W. Weisstein

nonn

Numbers k > 2 such that A002322(k) divides k-2. Contains all doubled primes and all doubled Carmichael numbers. - Thomas Ordowski, Apr 23 2017
Problem: are there infinitely many 2-Knodel numbers divisible by 4? - Thomas Ordowski, Jun 21 2017
Named after the Austrian mathematician and computer scientist Walter Knödel (1926-2018). - Amiram Eldar, Jun 08 2021

Amiram Eldar, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000 (first 690 terms from R. J. Mathar)
John H. Castillo and Jhony Fernando Caranguay Mainguez, The set of k-units modulo n, arXiv:1708.06812 [math.NT], 2017.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Knödel Numbers.
Wikipedia, Knödel number.

Cf. A002997, A033553, A050992, A050993, A208154, A208155, A208156, A208157, A208158.

Select[Range[4, 460, 2], Divisible[# - 2, CarmichaelLambda@ #] &] (* Michael De Vlieger, Apr 24 2017 *)

a002322(n) = lcm(znstar(n)[2]);
forstep(n=4, 500, 2, if((n - 2)%a002322(n)==0, print1(n,", "))) \\ Indranil Ghosh, Jun 22 2017

A257750 Quasi-Carmichael numbers.

Original entry on oeis.org

35, 77, 143, 165, 187, 209, 221, 231, 247, 273, 299, 323, 357, 391, 399, 437, 493, 527, 561, 589, 598, 713, 715, 899, 935, 943, 989, 1015, 1073, 1105, 1147, 1189, 1247, 1271, 1295, 1333, 1517, 1537, 1547, 1591, 1595, 1705, 1729, 1739, 1763, 1829, 1885, 1886, 1927

Offset: 1

Tim Johannes Ohrtmann, May 07 2015

nonn

Quasi-Carmichael numbers are squarefree composites n with the property that for every prime factor p of n, p+b divides n+b positively with b being any integer besides 0.
If b is negative, then it is always larger than 0 minus the square root of the corresponding Quasi-Carmichael number. But if b is positive, how large can it be in relation to its corresponding Quasi-Carmichael number? Conjecture: It is always smaller than the square root of the corresponding Quasi-Carmichael number.
Are 1885 and 1886 the only two consecutive integers such that both numbers are Quasi-Carmichael numbers?
From Robert G. Wilson v, Dec 05 2015: (Start)
The conjecture that b < sqrt(n) is false. Look at n = 87061 = 13*37*181, 87365 = 5*101*173, and 96473 = 13*41*181. Their b values are 299, 331, and 351, while the corresponding sqrt(n) values are 295, 295, and 310, respectively.
For b to result in (n+b)/(p+b) > 0 with n = P_1*p_2*...*p_i and P_1 < p_2 < ... < p_i, -p_1 < b < |(n-p_i^2)/p_i|. (n+b)/(p+b) >= b+1. Solve for b.
Less than 0.5% are even (A262252). Of course they are == 2 (mod 4).
Least k-almost prime quasi-Carmichael number with k>1: 35, 165, 6545, 179998, 7509579, ..., .
(End)

			a(1) = 35 because this is the first squarefree composite number n such that at least one integer b except 0 exists such that for every prime factor p of n applies that p+b divides n+b (-3): 35 = 5*7 and 2, 4 both divide 32.

Tim Johannes Ohrtmann, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..16869

Subsequences: A002997 (Carmichael numbers), A006972 (Lucas-Carmichael numbers), A029553 (-10), A029554 (-9), A029555 (-8), A029556 (-7), A029557 (-6), A029558 (-5), A029559 (-4), A029560 (-3), A029561 (-2), A029562 (+2), A029563 (+3), A029564 (+4), A029565 (+5), A029566 (+6), A029567 (+7), A029568 (+8), A029569 (+9), A029570 (+10), A029590 (Least quasi-Carmichael number of order n), A029591 (Least quasi-Carmichael number of order -n), A257751 (1 base), A257752 (2 bases), A257753 (3 bases), A257754 (4 bases), A257755 (5 bases), A257756 (6 bases), A257757 (7 bases), A258842 (8 bases), A257758 (first occurrences), A259282 (at least one negative base), A259283 (at least one positive base), A257759 (at least one negative base and at least one positive base).

fQ[n_] := Block[{c = -1, fi = FactorInteger@ n, k, lmt, p}, If[Times @@ (Last@# & /@ fi) == 1 < Plus @@ (Last@# & /@ fi), p = First@# & /@ fi; k = -fi[[1, 1]] + 1; lmt = Abs[(n - fi[[-1, 1]]^2)/fi[[-1, 1]]]; While[k < lmt, If[ Union[ IntegerQ@# & /@ ((n + k)/(p + k))] == {True}, c++; If[c > 0, Goto [fini]]]; k++]]; Label[fini]; c > 0]; Select[ Range@ 2000, fQ] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Dec 05 2015 *)

for(n=2,1000000, if(!isprime(n), if(issquarefree(n), f=factor(n); k=0; for(b=-(f[1, 1]-1),n, c=0; for(i=1, #f[, 1], if((n+b)%(f[i, 1]+b)>0, c++)); if(c==0, if(!b==0, k++))); if(k>0, print1(n,", ")))))

All terms less than 1000000 checked by Robert G. Wilson v, Dec 13 2015

A324315 Squarefree integers m > 1 such that if prime p divides m, then the sum of the base p digits of m is at least p.

Original entry on oeis.org

231, 561, 1001, 1045, 1105, 1122, 1155, 1729, 2002, 2093, 2145, 2465, 2821, 3003, 3315, 3458, 3553, 3570, 3655, 3927, 4186, 4199, 4522, 4774, 4845, 4862, 5005, 5187, 5565, 5642, 5681, 6006, 6118, 6270, 6279, 6545, 6601, 6670, 6734, 7337, 7395, 7735, 8177, 8211, 8265, 8294, 8323, 8463, 8645, 8789, 8855, 8911, 9282, 9361, 9435, 9690, 9867

Offset: 1

Bernd C. Kellner and Jonathan Sondow, Feb 21 2019

The sequence is infinite, because it contains all Carmichael numbers (A002997).
If m is a term and p is a prime factor of m, then p <= a*sqrt(m) with a = sqrt(11/21) = 0.7237..., where the bound is sharp.
A term m must have at least 3 prime factors if m is odd, and must have at least 4 prime factors if m is even.
m is a term if and only if m > 1 divides denominator(Bernoulli_m(x) - Bernoulli_m) = A195441(m-1).
A term m is a Carmichael number iff s_p(m) == 1 (mod p-1) whenever prime p divides m, where s_p(m) is the sum of the base p digits of m.
See Kellner and Sondow 2019.

			231 = 3 * 7 * 11 is squarefree, and 231 in base 3 is 22120_3 = 2 * 3^4 + 2 * 3^3 + 1 * 3^2 + 2 * 3 + 0 with 2+2+1+2+0 = 7 >= 3, and 231 = 450_7 with 4+5+0 = 9 >= 7, and 231 = 1a0_11 with 1+a+0 = 1+10+0 = 11 >= 11, so 231 is a member.

Amiram Eldar, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
Bernd C. Kellner and Jonathan Sondow, Power-Sum Denominators, Amer. Math. Monthly, 124 (2017), 695-709; arXiv:1705.03857 [math.NT], 2017.
Bernd C. Kellner and Jonathan Sondow, On Carmichael and polygonal numbers, Bernoulli polynomials, and sums of base-p digits, #A52 Integers 21 (2021), 21 pp.; arXiv:1902.10672 [math.NT], 2019.

Cf. A002997, A005117, A195441, A324316, A324317, A324318, A324319, A324320, A324369, A324370, A324371, A324404, A324405.

SD[n_, p_] := If[n < 1 || p < 2, 0, Plus @@ IntegerDigits[n, p]];
LP[n_] := Transpose[FactorInteger[n]][[1]];
TestS[n_] := (n > 1) && SquareFreeQ[n] && VectorQ[LP[n], SD[n, #] >= # &];
Select[Range[10^4], TestS[#] &]

from sympy import factorint
from sympy.ntheory import digits
def ok(n):
    pf = factorint(n)
    if n < 2 or max(pf.values()) > 1: return False
    return all(sum(digits(n, p)[1:]) >= p for p in pf)
print([k for k in range(10**4) if ok(k)]) # Michael S. Branicky, Jul 03 2022

a_1 + a_2 + ... + a_k >= p for m = a_1 * p + a_2 * p^2 + ... + a_k * p^k with 0 <= a_i <= p-1 for i = 1, 2, ..., k (note that a_0 = 0).

A324369 Product of all primes p dividing n such that the sum of the base p digits of n is at least p, or 1 if no such prime.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 3, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 3, 2, 1, 6, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 3, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 3, 2, 1, 6, 1, 2, 15, 2, 1, 6, 1, 2, 3, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 3, 2, 1, 6, 1, 2, 3, 1, 5, 6, 1, 2, 3, 10, 1, 6, 1, 2, 3, 2, 1, 6, 1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2, 5, 2, 3, 2, 1, 10, 7, 2, 3, 2, 5, 6, 1

Offset: 1

Bernd C. Kellner and Jonathan Sondow, Feb 24 2019

a(n) = n iff n divides denominator(Bernoulli_n(x) - Bernoulli_n) (see A195441).
a(n) = n iff n = 1 or n is in A324315.
a(n) = n if n is a Carmichael number (A002997).
See the section on Bernoulli polynomials in Kellner and Sondow 2019.

			6 = 2 * 3, and 6 = 110_2 in base 2 with 1+1+0 >= 2, but 6 = 20_3 in base 3 with 2+0 = 2 < 3, so a(6) = 2.

Amiram Eldar, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
Bernd C. Kellner, On a product of certain primes, J. Number Theory, 179 (2017), 126-141; arXiv:1705.04303 [math.NT], 2017.
Bernd C. Kellner and Jonathan Sondow, Power-Sum Denominators, Amer. Math. Monthly, 124 (2017), 695-709; arXiv:1705.03857 [math.NT], 2017.
Bernd C. Kellner and Jonathan Sondow, On Carmichael and polygonal numbers, Bernoulli polynomials, and sums of base-p digits, Integers 21 (2021), #A52, 21 pp.; arXiv:1902.10672 [math.NT], 2019.

Cf. A007947, A144845, A195441, A324315, A324316, A324317, A324318, A324319, A324320, A324370, A324371, A324404, A324405.

g:= proc(n,p) convert(convert(n,base,p),`+`) >= p end proc:
f:= proc(n) local p;
      convert(select(p -> g(n,p), numtheory:-factorset(n)),`*`)
end proc:
map(f, [$1..100]); # Robert Israel, Feb 28 2019

SD[n_, p_] := If[n < 2, 0, Plus @@ IntegerDigits[n, p]];
LP[n_] := Transpose[FactorInteger[n]][[1]];
DD1[n_] := Times @@ Select[LP[n], SD[n, #] >= # &];
Table[DD1[n], {n, 1, 100}]

from math import prod
from sympy.ntheory import digits
from sympy import primefactors as pf
def a(n): return prod(p for p in pf(n) if sum(digits(n, p)[1:]) >= p)
print([a(n) for n in range(1, 98)]) # Michael S. Branicky, Jul 03 2022

a(n) * A324371(n) = A007947(n) = radical(n).
a(n) * A324370(n) = A195441(n-1) = denominator(Bernoulli_n(x) - Bernoulli_n).
a(n) * A324370(n) * A324371(n) = A144845(n-1) = denominator(Bernoulli_{n-1}(x)).

cp's OEIS Frontend

A195441 a(n) = denominator(Bernoulli_{n+1}(x) - Bernoulli_{n+1}).

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A324316 Primary Carmichael numbers.

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A033553 3-Knödel numbers or D-numbers: numbers m > 3 such that m | k^(m-2)-k for all k with gcd(k, m) = 1.

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A047713 Euler-Jacobi pseudoprimes: 2^((n-1)/2) == (2 / n) mod n, where (2 / n) is a Jacobi symbol.

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A033502 Carmichael numbers of the form (6*k+1)*(12*k+1)*(18*k+1), where 6*k+1, 12*k+1 and 18*k+1 are all primes.

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A046025 Numbers k such that 6*k+1, 12*k+1 and 18*k+1 are all primes.

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A050990 2-Knödel numbers.

A033502 Carmichael numbers of the form (6k+1)(12k+1)(18k+1), where 6k+1, 12k+1 and 18k+1 are all primes.

A046025 Numbers k such that 6k+1, 12k+1 and 18*k+1 are all primes.