A129271 -id:A129271 - cp's OEIS frontend

A367862 Number of n-vertex labeled simple graphs with the same number of edges as covered vertices.

1, 1, 1, 2, 20, 308, 5338, 105298, 2366704, 60065072, 1702900574, 53400243419, 1836274300504, 68730359299960, 2782263907231153, 121137565273808792, 5645321914669112342, 280401845830658755142, 14788386825536445299398, 825378055206721558026931, 48604149005046792753887416

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, Dec 07 2023

nonn

Unlike the connected case (A057500), these graphs may have more than one cycle; for example, the graph {{1,2},{1,3},{1,4},{2,3},{2,4},{5,6}} has multiple cycles.

			Non-isomorphic representatives of the a(4) = 20 graphs:
  {}
  {{1,2},{1,3},{2,3}}
  {{1,2},{1,3},{1,4},{2,3}}
  {{1,2},{1,3},{2,4},{3,4}}

Andrew Howroyd, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..200

The connected case is A057500, unlabeled A001429.
Counting all vertices (not just covered) gives A116508.
The covering case is A367863, unlabeled A006649.
For set-systems we have A367916, ranks A367917.
A001187 counts connected graphs, A001349 unlabeled.
A003465 counts covering set-systems, unlabeled A055621, ranks A326754.
A006125 counts graphs, A000088 unlabeled.
A006129 counts covering graphs, A002494 unlabeled.
A058891 counts set-systems, unlabeled A000612, without singletons A016031.
A059201 counts covering T_0 set-systems, unlabeled A319637, ranks A326947.
A133686 = graphs satisfy strict AoC, connected A129271, covering A367869.
A143543 counts simple labeled graphs by number of connected components.
A323818 counts connected set-systems, unlabeled A323819, ranks A326749.
A367867 = graphs contradict strict AoC, connected A140638, covering A367868.
Cf. A006126, A316983, A321405, A326754, A326870, A326877, A367770, A367901, A367902, A367903.

Table[Length[Select[Subsets[Subsets[Range[n],{2}]], Length[#]==Length[Union@@#]&]],{n,0,5}]

\\ Here b(n) is A367863(n)
b(n) = sum(k=0, n, (-1)^(n-k) * binomial(n,k) * binomial(binomial(k,2), n))
a(n) = sum(k=0, n, binomial(n,k) * b(k)) \\ Andrew Howroyd, Dec 29 2023

Binomial transform of A367863.

Terms a(8) and beyond from Andrew Howroyd, Dec 29 2023

A005703 Number of n-node connected graphs with at most one cycle.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 2, 4, 8, 19, 44, 112, 287, 763, 2041, 5577, 15300, 42419, 118122, 330785, 929469, 2621272, 7411706, 21010378, 59682057, 169859257, 484234165, 1382567947, 3952860475, 11315775161, 32430737380, 93044797486, 267211342954, 768096496093, 2209772802169

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane, R. K. Guy

a(n) is the number of pseudotrees on n nodes. - Eric W. Weisstein, Jun 11 2012

Also unlabeled connected graphs covering n vertices with at most n edges. For this definition we have a(1) = 0 and possibly a(0) = 0. - Gus Wiseman, Feb 20 2024

			From _Gus Wiseman_, Feb 20 2024: (Start)
Representatives of the a(0) = 1 through a(5) = 8 graphs:
  {}  .  {12}  {12,13}     {12,13,14}     {12,13,14,15}
               {12,13,23}  {12,13,24}     {12,13,14,25}
                           {12,13,14,23}  {12,13,24,35}
                           {12,13,24,34}  {12,13,14,15,23}
                                          {12,13,14,23,25}
                                          {12,13,14,23,45}
                                          {12,13,14,25,35}
                                          {12,13,24,35,45}
(End)

J. Riordan, An Introduction to Combinatorial Analysis, Wiley, 1958, p. 150.
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Washington Bomfim, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..500
R. K. Guy, Letters to N. J. A. Sloane and J. W. Moon, 1988
Richard J. Mathar, Counting Connected Graphs without Overlapping Cycles, arXiv:1808.06264 [math.CO], 2018.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Pseudotree
Wikipedia, Pseudoforest

Cf. A000055, A000081, A001429 (labeled A057500), A134964 (number of pseudoforests, labeled A133686).
The labeled version is A129271.
The connected complement is A140636, labeled A140638.
Non-connected: A368834 (labeled A367869) or A370316 (labeled A369191).
A001187 counts connected graphs, unlabeled A001349.
A006125 counts simple graphs, unlabeled A000088.
A006129 counts covering graphs, unlabeled A002494.
A062734 counts connected graphs by number of edges.
Cf. A000272, A006649, A116508, A140637, A143543, A367862, A367863, A368951, A369197, A370317, A370318.

Needs["Combinatorica`"]; nn = 20; t[x_] := Sum[a[n] x^n, {n, 1, nn}];
a[0] = 0;
b = Drop[Flatten[
    sol = SolveAlways[
      0 == Series[
        t[x] - x Product[1/(1 - x^i)^a[i], {i, 1, nn}], {x, 0, nn}],
      x]; Table[a[n], {n, 0, nn}] /. sol], 1];
r[x_] := Sum[b[[n]] x^n, {n, 1, nn}]; c =
Drop[Table[
    CoefficientList[
     Series[CycleIndex[DihedralGroup[n], s] /.
       Table[s[i] -> r[x^i], {i, 1, n}], {x, 0, nn}], x], {n, 3,
     nn}] // Total, 1];
d[x_] := Sum[c[[n]] x^n, {n, 1, nn}]; CoefficientList[
Series[r[x] - (r[x]^2 - r[x^2])/2 + d[x] + 1, {x, 0, nn}], x] (* Geoffrey Critzer, Nov 17 2014 *)

\\ TreeGf gives gf of A000081.
TreeGf(N)={my(A=vector(N, j, 1)); for (n=1, N-1, A[n+1] = 1/n * sum(k=1, n, sumdiv(k, d, d*A[d]) * A[n-k+1] ) ); x*Ser(A)}
seq(n)={my(t=TreeGf(n)); my(g(e)=subst(t + O(x*x^(n\e)), x, x^e) + O(x*x^n)); Vec(1 + g(1) + (g(2) - g(1)^2)/2 + sum(k=3, n, sumdiv(k, d, eulerphi(d)*g(d)^(k/d))/k + if(k%2, g(1)*g(2)^(k\2), (g(1)^2+g(2))*g(2)^(k/2-1)/2))/2)}; \\ Andrew Howroyd and Washington Bomfim, May 15 2021

a(n) = A000055(n) + A001429(n).

More terms from Vladeta Jovovic, Apr 19 2000 and from Michael Somos, Apr 26 2000

a(27) corrected and a(28) and a(29) computed by Washington Bomfim, May 14 2008

A140638 Number of connected graphs on n labeled nodes that contain at least two cycles.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 0, 7, 381, 21748, 1781154, 249849880, 66257728763, 34495508486976, 35641629989151608, 73354595357480683904, 301272202621204113362497, 2471648811029413368450098688, 40527680937730440155535277704046, 1328578958335783199341353852258282496

Offset: 1

Washington Bomfim, May 21 2008

nonn

These are the connected graphs that are neither trees nor unicyclic.

Also connected non-choosable graphs covering n vertices, where a graph is choosable iff it is possible to choose a different vertex from each edge. The unlabeled version is A140636. The complement is counted by A129271. - Gus Wiseman, Feb 20 2024

J. Riordan, An Introduction to Combinatorial Analysis, Dover, 2002, p. 2.

Andrew Howroyd, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..50

The unlabeled version is A140636.
Cf. A000272 (trees), A001187 (connected graphs), A057500 (connected unicyclic graphs).
The complement is counted by A129271, unlabeled A005703.
The non-connected complement is A133686, covering A367869.
The non-connected version is A367867, unlabeled A140637.
The non-connected covering version is A367868.
A006125 counts graphs, A000088 unlabeled.
A006129 counts covering graphs, A002494 unlabeled.
A143543 counts simple labeled graphs by number of connected components.
Cf. A001349, A116508, A355740, A367769, A367863, A367901, A367903, A370317.

csm[s_]:=With[{c=Select[Subsets[Range[Length[s]],{2}],Length[Intersection@@s[[#]]]>0&]},If[c=={},s,csm[Sort[Append[Delete[s,List/@c[[1]]],Union@@s[[c[[1]]]]]]]]];
Table[Length[Select[Subsets[Subsets[Range[n],{2}]],Union@@#==Range[n]&&Length[csm[#]]<=1&&Select[Tuples[#],UnsameQ@@#&]=={}&]],{n,0,5}] (* Gus Wiseman, Feb 19 2024 *)

seq(n)={my(A=O(x*x^n), t=-lambertw(-x + A)); Vec(serlaplace( log(sum(k=0, n, 2^binomial(k, 2)*x^k/k!, A)) - log(1/(1-t))/2 - t/2 + 3*t^2/4), -n)} \\ Andrew Howroyd, Jan 15 2022

a(n) = A001187(n) - A129271(n).

a(n) = A001187(n) - A000272(n) - A057500(n).

Definition clarified by Andrew Howroyd, Jan 15 2022

A137917 a(n) is the number of unlabeled graphs on n nodes whose components are unicyclic graphs.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 0, 1, 2, 5, 14, 35, 97, 264, 733, 2034, 5728, 16101, 45595, 129327, 368093, 1049520, 2999415, 8584857, 24612114, 70652441, 203075740, 584339171, 1683151508, 4852736072, 14003298194, 40441136815, 116880901512, 338040071375, 978314772989, 2833067885748, 8208952443400

Offset: 0

Washington Bomfim, Feb 24 2008

nonn

a(n) is the number of simple unlabeled graphs on n nodes whose components have exactly one cycle. - Geoffrey Critzer, Oct 12 2012

Also the number of unlabeled simple graphs with n vertices and n edges such that it is possible to choose a different vertex from each edge. - Gus Wiseman, Jan 25 2024

			From _Gus Wiseman_, Jan 25 2024: (Start)
Representatives of the a(0) = 1 through a(5) = 5 simple graphs:
  {}  .  .  {12,13,23}  {12,13,14,23}  {12,13,14,15,23}
                        {12,13,24,34}  {12,13,14,23,25}
                                       {12,13,14,23,45}
                                       {12,13,14,25,35}
                                       {12,13,24,35,45}
(End)

Andrew Howroyd, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..500
F. Ruskey, Combinatorial Generation, p. 79, Eq.(4.27), 2003
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Pseudoforest.
Wikipedia, Pseudoforest.

Cf. A008483, A137918.
The connected case is A001429.
Without the choice condition we have A001434, covering A006649.
For any number of edges we have A134964, complement A140637.
The labeled version is A137916.
The version with loops is A369145, complement A368835.
The complement is counted by A369201, labeled A369143, covering A369144.
A006129 counts covering graphs, unlabeled A002494.
A054548 counts graphs covering n vertices with k edges, with loops A369199.
A129271 counts connected choosable simple graphs, unlabeled A005703.
Cf. A000088, A000612, A007716, A014068, A053530, A116508, A133686, A140638, A368601, A369141, A369146.

Needs["Combinatorica`"];
nn=30;s[n_,k_]:=s[n,k]=a[n+1-k]+If[n<2k,0,s[n-k,k]];a[1]=1;a[n_]:=a[n]=Sum[a[i]s[n-1,i]i,{i,1,n-1}]/(n-1);rt=Table[a[i],{i,1,nn}];c=Drop[Apply[Plus,Table[Take[CoefficientList[CycleIndex[DihedralGroup[n],s]/.Table[s[j]->Table[Sum[rt[[i]]x^(k*i),{i,1,nn}],{k,1,nn}][[j]],{j,1,nn}],x],nn],{n,3,nn}]],1];CoefficientList[Series[Product[1/(1-x^i)^c[[i]],{i,1,nn-1}],{x,0,nn}],x]   (* Geoffrey Critzer, Oct 12 2012, after code given by Robert A. Russell in A000081 *)
brute[m_]:=First[Sort[Table[Sort[Sort/@(m/.Rule@@@Table[{(Union@@m)[[i]],p[[i]]},{i,Length[p]}])],{p,Permutations[Range[Length[Union@@m]]]}]]];
Table[Length[Union[brute/@Select[Subsets[Subsets[Range[n],{2}],{n}],Select[Tuples[#],UnsameQ@@#&]!={}&]]],{n,0,5}] (* Gus Wiseman, Jan 25 2024 *)

a(n) = Sum_{1*j_1 + 2*j_2 + ... = n} (Product_{i=3..n} binomial(A001429(i) + j_i -1, j_i)). [F. Ruskey p. 79, (4.27) with n replaced by n+1, and a_i replaced by A001429(i)].

Euler transform of A001429. - Geoffrey Critzer, Oct 12 2012

Edited by Washington Bomfim, Jun 27 2012
Terms a(30) and beyond from Andrew Howroyd, May 05 2018
Offset changed to 0 by Gus Wiseman, Jan 27 2024

A051870 18-gonal (or octadecagonal) numbers: a(n) = n(8n-7).

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 18, 51, 100, 165, 246, 343, 456, 585, 730, 891, 1068, 1261, 1470, 1695, 1936, 2193, 2466, 2755, 3060, 3381, 3718, 4071, 4440, 4825, 5226, 5643, 6076, 6525, 6990, 7471, 7968, 8481, 9010, 9555, 10116, 10693, 11286, 11895, 12520

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane, Dec 15 1999

Also, sequence found by reading the segment (0, 1) together with the line from 1, in the direction 1, 18, ..., in the square spiral whose vertices are the triangular numbers A000217. - Omar E. Pol, Apr 26 2008
This sequence does not contain any triangular numbers other than 0 and 1. See A188892. - T. D. Noe, Apr 13 2011
Also sequence found by reading the line from 0, in the direction 0, 18, ... and the parallel line from 1, in the direction 1, 51, ..., in the square spiral whose vertices are the generalized 18-gonal numbers. - Omar E. Pol, Jul 18 2012
Partial sums of 16n + 1 (with offset 0), compare A005570. - Jeremy Gardiner, Aug 04 2012
All x values for Diophantine equation 32*x + 49 = y^2 are given by this sequence and A139278. - Bruno Berselli, Nov 11 2014
This is also a star enneagonal number: a(n) = A001106(n) + 9*A000217(n-1). - Luciano Ancora, Mar 30 2015

Albert H. Beiler, Recreations in the Theory of Numbers, Dover, N.Y., 1964, p. 189.
Elena Deza and Michel Marie Deza, Figurate numbers, World Scientific Publishing, 2012, page 6.

Jeremy Gardiner, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..999
Omar E. Pol, Determinacion geometrica de los numeros primos y perfectos.
Wikipedia, Polygonal number.
Index to sequences related to polygonal numbers
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (3,-3,1).

Cf. A014634, A014635, A033585, A033586, A033587, A035008, A069129, A085250, A129271-A129278, A139278.

A051870 := proc(n) n*(8*n-7) ; end proc: seq(A051870(n),n=0..30) ; # R. J. Mathar, Feb 05 2011

Table[n (8 n - 7), {n, 0, 40}] (* Bruno Berselli, Nov 11 2014 *)

a(n)=n*(8*n-7) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Jul 19 2011

G.f.: x*(1+15*x)/(1-x)^3. - Bruno Berselli, Feb 04 2011
a(n) = 16*n + a(n-1) - 15, with n > 0, a(0) = 0. - Vincenzo Librandi, Aug 06 2010
a(16*a(n)+121*n+1) = a(16*a(n)+121*n) + a(16*n+1). - Vladimir Shevelev, Jan 24 2014
E.g.f.: (8*x^2 + x)*exp(x). - G. C. Greubel, Jul 18 2017
Sum_{n>=1} 1/a(n) = ((1+sqrt(2))*Pi + 2*sqrt(2)*arccoth(sqrt(2)) + 8*log(2))/14. - Amiram Eldar, Oct 20 2020
Product_{n>=2} (1 - 1/a(n)) = 8/9. - Amiram Eldar, Jan 22 2021

A333331 Number of integer points in the convex hull in R^n of parking functions of length n.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 3, 17, 144, 1623, 22804, 383415, 7501422

Offset: 1

Richard Stanley, Mar 15 2020

It is observed by Gus Wiseman in A368596 and A368730 that this sequence appears to be the complement of those sequences. If this is the case, then a(n) is the number of labeled graphs with loops allowed in which each connected component has an equal number of vertices and edges and the conjectured formula holds. Terms for n >= 9 are expected to be 167341283, 4191140394, 116425416531, ... - Andrew Howroyd, Jan 10 2024
From Gus Wiseman, Mar 22 2024: (Start)
An equivalent conjecture is that a(n) is the number of loop-graphs with n vertices and n edges such that it is possible to choose a different vertex from each edge. I call these graphs choosable. For example, the a(3) = 17 choosable loop-graphs are the following (loops shown as singletons):
  {{1},{2},{3}}  {{1},{2},{1,3}}  {{1},{1,2},{1,3}}  {{1,2},{1,3},{2,3}}
                 {{1},{2},{2,3}}  {{1},{1,2},{2,3}}
                 {{1},{3},{1,2}}  {{1},{1,3},{2,3}}
                 {{1},{3},{2,3}}  {{2},{1,2},{1,3}}
                 {{2},{3},{1,2}}  {{2},{1,2},{2,3}}
                 {{2},{3},{1,3}}  {{2},{1,3},{2,3}}
                                  {{3},{1,2},{1,3}}
                                  {{3},{1,2},{2,3}}
                                  {{3},{1,3},{2,3}}
(End)

			For n=2 the parking functions are (1,1), (1,2), (2,1). They are the only integer points in their convex hull. For n=3, in addition to the 16 parking functions, there is the additional point (2,2,2).

R. P. Stanley (Proposer), Problem 12191, Amer. Math. Monthly, 127:6 (2020), 563.

Thomas Selig, The stochastic sandpile model on complete graphs, arXiv:2209.07301 [math.PR], 2022.

All of the following relative references pertain to the conjecture:
The case of unique choice A000272.
The version without the choice condition is A014068, covering A368597.
The case of just pairs A137916.
For any number of edges of any positive size we have A367902.
The complement A368596, covering A368730.
Allowing edges of any positive size gives A368601, complement A368600.
Counting by singletons gives A368924.
For any number of edges we have A368927, complement A369141.
The connected case is A368951.
The unlabeled version is A368984, complement A368835.
A000085, A100861, A111924 count set partitions into singletons or pairs.
A006125 counts graphs, unlabeled A000088.
A058891 counts set-systems (without singletons A016031), unlabeled A000612.
Cf. A000169, A000666, A057500, A062740, A129271, A133686, A367863, A367903, A369146, A369199.

Conjectured e.g.f.: exp(-log(1-T(x))/2 + T(x)/2 - T(x)^2/4) where T(x) = -LambertW(-x) is the e.g.f. of A000169. - Andrew Howroyd, Jan 10 2024

A368596 Number of n-element sets of singletons or pairs of distinct elements of {1..n}, or loop graphs with n edges, such that it is not possible to choose a different element from each.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 0, 3, 66, 1380, 31460, 800625, 22758918, 718821852, 25057509036, 957657379437, 39878893266795, 1799220308202603, 87502582432459584, 4566246347310609247, 254625879822078742956, 15115640124974801925030, 952050565540607423524658, 63425827673509972464868323

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, Jan 04 2024

nonn

The axiom of choice says that, given any set of nonempty sets Y, it is possible to choose a set containing an element from each. The strict version requires this set to have the same cardinality as Y, meaning no element is chosen more than once.

			The a(3) = 3 set-systems:
  {{1},{2},{1,2}}
  {{1},{3},{1,3}}
  {{2},{3},{2,3}}

Andrew Howroyd, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..200

The version without the choice condition is A014068, covering A368597.
The complement appears to be A333331.
For covering pairs we have A367868.
Allowing edges of any positive size gives A368600, any length A367903.
The covering case is A368730.
The unlabeled version is A368835.
A000085 counts set partitions into singletons or pairs.
A006125 counts graphs, unlabeled A000088.
A058891 counts set-systems (without singletons A016031), unlabeled A000612.
A100861 counts set partitions into singletons or pairs by number of pairs.
A111924 counts set partitions into singletons or pairs by length.
A322661 counts covering half-loop-graphs, connected A062740.
A369141 counts non-choosable loop-graphs, covering A369142.
A369146 counts unlabeled non-choosable loop-graphs, covering A369147.
Cf. A000272, A000666, A057500, A129271, A133686, A367769, A367863, A367867, A367869, A367901, A367907, A368097, A369199.

Table[Length[Select[Subsets[Subsets[Range[n],{1,2}], {n}],Length[Select[Tuples[#],UnsameQ@@#&]]==0&]],{n,0,5}]

Terms a(7) and beyond from Andrew Howroyd, Jan 10 2024

A369197 Number of labeled connected loop-graphs with n vertices, none isolated, and at most n edges.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 3, 13, 95, 972, 12732, 202751, 3795864, 81609030, 1980107840, 53497226337, 1592294308992, 51758060711792, 1824081614046720, 69272000503031475, 2819906639193992192, 122488526636380368714, 5654657850859704139776, 276462849597009068108405, 14270030377126199463936000

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, Jan 17 2024

nonn

			The a(0) = 0 through a(3) = 13 loop-graphs (loops shown as singletons):
  .  {{1}}  {{1,2}}      {{1,2},{1,3}}
            {{1},{1,2}}  {{1,2},{2,3}}
            {{2},{1,2}}  {{1,3},{2,3}}
                         {{1},{1,2},{1,3}}
                         {{1},{1,2},{2,3}}
                         {{1},{1,3},{2,3}}
                         {{2},{1,2},{1,3}}
                         {{2},{1,2},{2,3}}
                         {{2},{1,3},{2,3}}
                         {{3},{1,2},{1,3}}
                         {{3},{1,2},{2,3}}
                         {{3},{1,3},{2,3}}
                         {{1,2},{1,3},{2,3}}

Andrew Howroyd, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..200

The minimal case is A000272.
Connected case of A066383 and A369196, loopless A369192 and A369193.
The loopless case is A129271, connected case of A369191.
The case of equality is A368951, connected case of A368597.
This is the connected case of A369194.
A000085, A100861, A111924 count set partitions into singletons or pairs.
A001187 counts connected graphs, unlabeled A001349.
A006125 counts (simple) graphs, unlabeled A000088.
A006129 counts covering graphs, unlabeled A002494.
A054548 counts graphs covering n vertices with k edges, with loops A369199.
A062740 counts connected loop-graphs.
A322661 counts covering loop-graphs, unlabeled A322700.
A368927 counts choosable loop-graphs, covering A369140.
A369141 counts non-choosable loop-graphs, covering A369142.
Cf. A000169, A000666, A001429, A005703, A006649, A057500, A116508, A140638, A143543, A367863, A369145.

seq(n)={my(t=-lambertw(-x + O(x*x^n))); Vec(serlaplace(log(1/(1-t))/2 + 3*t/2 - 3*t^2/4 + 1 - x))} \\ Andrew Howroyd, Feb 02 2024

Logarithmic transform of A368927.
From Andrew Howroyd, Feb 02 2024: (Start)
a(n) = A000169(n) + A129271(n).
E.g.f.: log(1/(1-T(x)))/2 + 3*T(x)/2 - 3*T(x)^2/4 + 1 - x, where T(x) is the e.g.f. of A000169. (End)

a(0) changed to 1 and a(7) onwards from Andrew Howroyd, Feb 02 2024

A066383 a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} C(n*(n+1)/2,k).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 7, 42, 386, 4944, 82160, 1683218, 40999516, 1156626990, 37060382822, 1328700402564, 52676695500313, 2287415069586304, 107943308165833912, 5499354613856855290, 300788453960472434648, 17577197510240126035698, 1092833166733915284972350

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane, Dec 23 2001

nonn

Number of labeled loop-graphs with n vertices and at most n edges. - Gus Wiseman, Feb 14 2024

			From _Gus Wiseman_, Feb 14 2024: (Start)
The a(0) = 1 through a(2) = 7 loop-graphs (loops shown as singletons):
  {}  {}     {}
      {{1}}  {{1}}
             {{2}}
             {{1,2}}
             {{1},{2}}
             {{1},{1,2}}
             {{2},{1,2}}
(End)

Harry J. Smith, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..100

The case of equality is A014068, covering A368597.
The loopless version is A369192, covering A369191.
The covering case is A369194, minimal case A001862.
Counting only covered vertices gives A369196, without loops A369193.
The connected covering case is A369197, without loops A129271.
The unlabeled version is A370168, covering A370169.
A006125 counts simple graphs, unlabeled A000088.
A006129 counts covering graphs, unlabeled A002494.
A322661 counts covering loop-graphs, unlabeled A322700.
Cf. A000085, A000666, A005703, A062740, A116508, A367862, A367863, A367916, A368927, A369141, A369199.

f[n_] := Sum[Binomial[n (n + 1)/2, k], {k, 0, n}]; Array[f, 21, 0] (* Vincenzo Librandi, May 06 2016 *)
Table[Length[Select[Subsets[Subsets[Range[n],{1,2}]],Length[#]<=n&]],{n,0,5}] (* Gus Wiseman, Feb 14 2024 *)

{ for (n=0, 100, a=0; for (k=0, n, a+=binomial(n*(n + 1)/2, k)); write("b066383.txt", n, " ", a) ) } \\ Harry J. Smith, Feb 12 2010

from math import comb
def A066383(n): return sum(comb(comb(n+1,2),k) for k in range(n+1)) # Chai Wah Wu, Jul 10 2024

a(n) = 2^(n*(n+1)/2) - binomial(n*(n+1)/2,n+1)*2F1(1,(-n^2+n+2)/2;n+2;-1) = A006125(n) - A116508(n+1) * 2F1(1,(-n^2+n+2)2;n+2;-1), where 2F1(a,b;c;x) is the hypergeometric function. - Ilya Gutkovskiy, May 06 2016

a(n) ~ exp(n) * n^(n - 1/2) / (sqrt(Pi) * 2^(n + 1/2)). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Feb 20 2024

A369194 Number of labeled loop-graphs covering n vertices with at most n edges.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 4, 23, 199, 2313, 34015, 606407, 12712643, 306407645, 8346154699, 253476928293, 8490863621050, 310937199521774, 12356288017546937, 529516578044589407, 24339848939829286381, 1194495870124420574751, 62332449791125883072149, 3446265450868329833016605

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, Jan 17 2024

nonn

Row-sums of left portion of A369199.

			The a(0) = 1 through a(3) = 23 loop-graphs (loops shown as singletons):
  {}  {{1}}  {{1,2}}      {{1},{2,3}}
             {{1},{2}}    {{2},{1,3}}
             {{1},{1,2}}  {{3},{1,2}}
             {{2},{1,2}}  {{1,2},{1,3}}
                          {{1,2},{2,3}}
                          {{1},{2},{3}}
                          {{1,3},{2,3}}
                          {{1},{2},{1,3}}
                          {{1},{2},{2,3}}
                          {{1},{3},{1,2}}
                          {{1},{3},{2,3}}
                          {{2},{3},{1,2}}
                          {{2},{3},{1,3}}
                          {{1},{1,2},{1,3}}
                          {{1},{1,2},{2,3}}
                          {{1},{1,3},{2,3}}
                          {{2},{1,2},{1,3}}
                          {{2},{1,2},{2,3}}
                          {{2},{1,3},{2,3}}
                          {{3},{1,2},{1,3}}
                          {{3},{1,2},{2,3}}
                          {{3},{1,3},{2,3}}
                          {{1,2},{1,3},{2,3}}

The minimal case is A001862, without loops A053530.
This is the covering case of A066383 and A369196, cf. A369192 and A369193.
The case of equality is A368597, without loops A367863.
The version without loops is A369191.
The connected case is A369197, without loops A129271.
The unlabeled version is A370169, equality A368599, non-covering A368598.
A000085, A100861, A111924 count set partitions into singletons or pairs.
A006125 counts simple graphs; also loop-graphs if shifted left.
A006129 counts covering graphs, unlabeled A002494.
A054548 counts graphs covering n vertices with k edges, with loops A369199.
A133686 counts choosable graphs, covering A367869.
A322661 counts covering loop-graphs, unlabeled A322700.
A367867 counts non-choosable graphs, covering A367868.
A368927 counts choosable loop-graphs, covering A369140.
A369141 counts non-choosable loop-graphs, covering A369142.
Cf. A000169, A000272, A000666, A003465, A005703, A006649, A057500, A062740, A116508, A367862, A367916.

Table[Length[Select[Subsets[Subsets[Range[n],{1,2}]], Length[Union@@#]==n&&Length[#]<=n&]],{n,0,5}]

Inverse binomial transform of A369196.

cp's OEIS Frontend

A367862 Number of n-vertex labeled simple graphs with the same number of edges as covered vertices.

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A005703 Number of n-node connected graphs with at most one cycle.

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A140638 Number of connected graphs on n labeled nodes that contain at least two cycles.

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A137917 a(n) is the number of unlabeled graphs on n nodes whose components are unicyclic graphs.

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A051870 18-gonal (or octadecagonal) numbers: a(n) = n*(8*n-7).

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Maple

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A333331 Number of integer points in the convex hull in R^n of parking functions of length n.

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A368596 Number of n-element sets of singletons or pairs of distinct elements of {1..n}, or loop graphs with n edges, such that it is not possible to choose a different element from each.

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A051870 18-gonal (or octadecagonal) numbers: a(n) = n(8n-7).