A160464 -id:A160464 - cp's OEIS frontend

A156769 a(n) = denominator(2^(2n-2)/factorial(2n-1)).

1, 3, 15, 315, 2835, 155925, 6081075, 638512875, 10854718875, 1856156927625, 194896477400625, 49308808782358125, 3698160658676859375, 1298054391195577640625, 263505041412702261046875, 122529844256906551386796875, 4043484860477916195764296875

Offset: 1

Johannes W. Meijer, Feb 15 2009

Resembles A036279, the denominators in the Taylor series for tan(x). The first difference occurs at a(12).
The numerators of the two formulas for this sequence lead to A001316, Gould's sequence.
Stephen Crowley indicated on Aug 25 2008 that a(n) = denominator(Zeta(2*n)/Zeta(1-2*n)) and here numerator((Zeta(2*n)/Zeta(1-2*n))/(2*(-1)^(n)*(Pi)^(2*n))) leads to Gould's sequence.
This sequence appears in the Eta and Zeta triangles A160464 and A160474. Its resemblance to the sequence of the denominators of the Taylor series for tan(x) led to the conjecture A156769(n) = A036279(n)*A089170(n-1). - Johannes W. Meijer, May 24 2009

G. C. Greubel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..250

Cf. A036279 Denominators in Taylor series for tan(x).
Cf. A001316 Gould's sequence appears in the numerators.
Cf. A000265, A036279, A089170, A117972, A160464, A160469 (which resembles the numerators of the Taylor series for tan(x)), A160474. - Johannes W. Meijer, May 24 2009

[Denominator(4^(n-1)/Factorial(2*n-1)): n in [1..25]]; // G. C. Greubel, Jun 19 2021

a := n ->(2*n-1)!*2^(add(i,i=convert(n-1,base,2))-2*n+2); # Peter Luschny, May 02 2009

a[n_] := Denominator[4^(n-1)/(2n-1)!];
Array[a, 15] (* Jean-François Alcover, Jun 20 2018 *)

[denominator(4^(n-1)/factorial(2*n-1)) for n in (1..25)] # G. C. Greubel, Jun 19 2021

a(n) = denominator( Product_{k=1..n-1} 2/(k*(2*k+1)) ).
G.f.: (1/2)*z^(1/2)*sinh(2*z^(1/2)).
From Johannes W. Meijer, May 24 2009: (Start)
a(n) = abs(A117972(n))/A000265(n).
a(n) = A036279(n)*A089170(n-1). (End)
a(n) = A049606(2*n-1). - Zhujun Zhang, May 29 2019

A160474 The Zeta triangle.

Original entry on oeis.org

-1, 51, -10, -10594, 2961, -210, 356487, -115940, 12642, -420, -101141295, 35804857, -4751890, 254562, -4620, 48350824787, -18071509911, 2689347661, -180909586, 5471466, -60060

Offset: 2

Johannes W. Meijer, May 24 2009

The coefficients of the ZS1 matrix are defined by ZS1[2*m-1,n] = (2^(2*m-1))*int(y^(2*m-1)/(sinh(y))^(2*n), y=0..infinity)/factorial(2*m-1) for m = 1, 2, 3, .. and n = 1, 2, 3, .. under the condition that n <= (m-1).
This definition leads to ZS1[2*m-1,n=1] = 2*zeta(2*m-1), for m = 2, 3, .. , and the recurrence relation ZS1[2*m-1,n]:=(1/(2*n-1))*((2/(n-1))*ZS1[2*m-3,n-1]-(2*n-2)*ZS1[2*m-1,n-1]). As usual zeta(m) is the Riemann zeta function. These two formulas enable us to determine the values of the ZS[2*m-1,n] coefficients, with m all integers and n all positive integers, but not for all. If we choose, somewhat but not entirely arbitrarily, ZS1[1,n=1] = 2*gamma, with gamma the Euler-Mascheroni constant, we can determine them all.
The coefficients in the columns of the ZS1 matrix, for m = 1, 2, 3, .., and n = 2, 3, 4 .. , can be generated with the GH(z;n) polynomials for which we found the following general expression GH(z;n) = (h(n)*CFN1(z;n)*GH(z;n=1) + ZETA(z;n))/p(n).
The CFN1(z;n) polynomials depend on the central factorial numbers A008955.
The ZETA(z;n) are the Zeta polynomials which lead to the Zeta triangle.
The zero patterns of the Zeta polynomials resemble a UFO. These patterns resemble those of the Eta, Beta and Lambda polynomials, see A160464, A160480 and A160487.
The first Maple algorithm generates the coefficients of the Zeta triangle. The second Maple algorithm generates the ZS1[2*m-1,n] coefficients for m= 0, -1, -2, .. .
The M(n) sequence, see the second Maple algorithm, leads to Gould's sequence A001316 and a sequence that resembles the denominators in Taylor series for tan(x), i.e., A156769(n).
Some of our results are conjectures based on numerical evidence.

			The first few rows of the triangle ZETA(n,m) with n=2,3,... and m=1,2,... are
  [ -1],
  [51, -10],
  [ -10594, 2961, -210],
  [356487, -115940, 12642, -420].
The first few ZETA(z;n) polynomials are
  ZETA(z;n=2) = -1,
  ZETA(z;n=3) = 51-10*z^2,
  ZETA(z;n=4) = -10594 + 2961*z^2 - 210*z^4.
The first few CFN1(z;n) polynomials are
  CFN1(z;n=2) = (z^2-1),
  CFN1(z;n=3) = (z^4 - 5*z^2 + 4),
  CFN1(z;n=4) = (z^6 - 14*z^4 + 49*z^2 - 36).
The first few generating functions GH(z;n) are
  GH(z;n=2) = (6*(z^2-1)*GH(z;n=1) + (-1)) / 9,
  GH(z;n=3) = (60*(z^4-5*z^2+4)*GH(z;n=1) + (51-10*z^2)) / 450,
  GH(z;n=4) = (1260*(z^6-14*z^4+49*z^2-36)*GH(z;n=1) + (-10594+2961*z^2-210*z^4))/99225.

M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions, National Bureau of Standards, Applied Math. Series 55, Tenth Printing, 1972, Chapter 23, pp. 811-812.
Mohammad K. Azarian, Problem 1218, Pi Mu Epsilon Journal, Vol. 13, No. 2, Spring 2010, p. 116. Solution published in Vol. 13, No. 3, Fall 2010, pp. 183-185.
Johannes W. Meijer, The zeros of the Eta, Zeta, Beta and Lambda polynomials, jpg and pdf, Mar 03 2013.
Johannes W. Meijer and N.H.G. Baken, The Exponential Integral Distribution, Statistics and Probability Letters, Volume 5, No.3, April 1987. pp 209-211.

A160475 equals the first left hand column.
A160476 equals the first right hand column and 6*h(n).
A160477 equals the rows sums.
A160478 equals the p(n) sequence.
A160479 equals the ZL(n) sequence.
A001620 is the Euler-Mascheroni constant gamma.
The M(n-1) sequence equals A001316(n-1)/A156769(n) (n>=1).
The ZS1[ -1, n] and the Omega(n) coefficients lead to A002195 and A002196.
The CFN1(z, n) and the cfn1(n, k) lead to A008955.
Cf. The Eta, Beta and Lambda triangles A160464, A160480 and A160487.
Cf. A162446 (ZG1 matrix)

nmax:=7; with(combinat): cfn1 := proc(n, k): sum((-1)^j*stirling1(n+1, n+1-k+j) * stirling1(n+1, n+1-k-j), j = -k..k) end proc: Omega(0):=1: for n from 1 to nmax do Omega(n) := (sum((-1)^(k1+n+1)*(bernoulli(2*k1)/(2*k1))*cfn1(n-1, n-k1), k1=1..n))/(2*n-1)! end do: for n from 1 to nmax do Zc(n) := (Omega(n)*2^(2*n-1))*2/((2*n+1)*(n)) end do: c(1) := denom(Zc(1)): for n from 2 to nmax do c(n) := lcm(c(n-1)*(n)*(2*n+1)/2, denom(Zc(n))); p(n) := c(n-1) end do: y(1):=Zc(1): for n from 1 to nmax-1 do y(n+1) := Zc(n+1) - ((2*n+2)/(2*n+3))*y(n) end do: for n from 1 to nmax do b(n) := 4^(-n)*(2*n+1)*n*denom(Omega(n)) end do: for n from 1 to nmax-1 do c(n+1) := lcm(c(n)*(n+1)*(2*n+3)/2, b(n+1)) end do: for n from 1 to nmax do cm(n) := c(n)*(1/6)* 4^n/(2*n+1)! end do: for n from 1 to nmax-1 do ZL(n+2) := cm(n+1)/cm(n) end do: mmax := nmax: for n from 2 to nmax do ZETA(n, 1) := p(n)*y(n-1): ZETA(n, n) := 0 end do: for m from 2 to mmax do for n from m+1 to nmax do ZETA(n, m) := ZL(n)*(ZETA(n-1, m-1) - (n-1)^2* ZETA(n-1, m)) end do end do; seq(seq(ZETA(n,m), m=1..n-1), n=2..nmax);
# End first program (program edited, Johannes W. Meijer, Sep 20 2012)
nmax1 := 10; m := 1; ZS1row := 1-2*m; with(combinat): t1 := proc(n, k): sum((-1)^j * stirling1(n+1, n+1-k+j) * stirling1(n+1, n+1-k-j), j = -k..k) end proc: mmax1 := nmax1: for m1 from 1 to mmax1 do M(m1-1) := 2^(2*m1-2)/((2*m1-1)!) end do: for m1 from 1 to mmax1 do ZS1[ -2*m1+1, 1] := 2*(-bernoulli(2*m1)/(2*m1)) od: for n from 2 to nmax1 do for m1 from 1 to mmax1-n+1 do ZS1[-2*m1+1, n] := M(n-1)*sum((-1)^(k1+1)*t1(n-1, k1-1) * ZS1[2*k1-2*n-2*m1+1, 1], k1 = 1..n) od: od: seq(ZS1[1-2*m, n], n = 1..nmax1-m+1);
# End second program (program edited, Johannes W. Meijer, Sep 20 2012)

We discovered a remarkable relation between the Zeta triangle coefficients ZETA(n,m) = ZL(n)*(ZETA(n-1,m-1)-(n-1)^2*ZETA(n-1,m)) for n = 3, 4, ... and m = 2, 3, .... See A160475 for ZETA(n,m=1) and furthermore ZETA(n,n) = 0 for n = 2, 3, ....
We observe that the ZL(n) = A160479(n) sequence also rules the Lambda triangle A160487.
The generating functions GH(z;n) of the coefficients in the matrix columns are defined by
GH(z;n) = sum(ZS1[2*m-1,n]*z^(2*m-2), m=1..infinity), with n = 1, 2, 3, .... This definition, and our choice of ZS1[1,1] = 2*gamma, leads to GH(z;n=1) = (-Psi(1-z)-Psi(1+z)) with Psi(z) the digamma-function. Furthermore we discovered that GH(z;n) = GH(z;n-1)*(2*z^2/((2*n-1)*(n-1))-(2*n-2)/(2*n-1))+2*ZS1[ -1,n-1]/((2*n-1)*(n-1)) for n = 2, 3 , ..., with ZS1[ -1,n] = 2^(2*n-1)*A002195(n)/A002196(n) for n = 1, 2, ....
We found the following general expression for the GH(z;n) polynomials, for n = 2, 3, ...:
GH(z;n) = (h(n)*CFN1(z;n)*GH(z;n=1) + ZETA(z;n))/p(n) with
h(n) = 6*A160476(n) and p(n) = A160478(n).

A160480 The Beta triangle read by rows.

Original entry on oeis.org

-1, -11, 1, -299, 36, -1, -15371, 2063, -85, 1, -1285371, 182474, -8948, 166, -1, -159158691, 23364725, -1265182, 29034, -287, 1, -27376820379, 4107797216, -237180483, 6171928, -77537, 456, -1

Offset: 2

Johannes W. Meijer, May 24 2009, Sep 19 2012

The coefficients of the BS1 matrix are defined by BS1[2*m-1,n] = int(y^(2*m-1)/(cosh(y))^(2*n-1),y=0..infinity)/factorial(2*m-1) for m = 1, 2, ... and n = 1, 2, ... .
This definition leads to BS1[2*m-1,n=1] = 2*beta(2*m), for m = 1, 2, ..., and the recurrence relation BS1 [2*m-1,n] = (2*n-3)/(2*n-2)*(BS1[2*m-1,n-1] - BS1[2*m-3,n-1]/(2*n-3)^2) which we used to extend our definition of the BS1 matrix coefficients to m = 0, -1, -2, ... . We discovered that BS1[ -1,n] = 1 for n = 1, 2, ... . As usual beta(m) = sum((-1)^k/(1+2*k)^m, k=0..infinity).
The coefficients in the columns of the BS1 matrix, for m = 1, 2, 3, ..., and n = 2, 3, 4, ..., can be generated with the GK(z;n) polynomials for which we found the following general expression GK(z;n) = ((-1)^(n+1)*CFN2(z;n)*GK(z;n=1) + BETA(z;n))/p(n).
The CFN2(z;n) polynomials depend on the central factorial numbers A008956.
The BETA(z;n) are the Beta polynomials which lead to the Beta triangle.
The zero patterns of the Beta polynomials resemble a UFO. These patterns resemble those of the Eta, Zeta and Lambda polynomials, see A160464, A160474 and A160487.
The first Maple algorithm generates the coefficients of the Beta triangle. The second Maple algorithm generates the BS1[2*m-1,n] coefficients for m = 0, -1, -2, -3, ... .
Some of our results are conjectures based on numerical evidence, see especially A160481.

			The first few rows of the triangle BETA(n,m) with n=2,3,... and m=1,2,... are
  [ -1],
  [ -11, 1],
  [ -299, 36, -1],
  [ -15371, 2063 -85, 1].
The first few BETA(z;n) polynomials are
  BETA(z;n=2) = -1,
  BETA(z;n=3) = -11 + z^2,
  BETA(z;n=4) = -299 + 36*z^2 - z^4.
The first few CFN1(z;n) polynomials are
  CFN2(z;n=2) = (z^2 - 1),
  CFN2(z;n=3) = (z^4 - 10*z^2 + 9),
  CFN2(z;n=4) = (z^6 - 35*z^4 + 259*z^2 - 225).
The first few generating functions GK(z;n) are
  GK(z;n=2) = ((-1)*(z^2-1)*GK(z,n=1) + (-1))/2,
  GK(z;n=3) = ((z^4 - 10*z^2 + 9)*GK(z,n=1)+ (-11 + z^2))/24,
  GK(z;n=4) = ((-1)*(z^6 - 35*z^4 + 259*z^2 - 225)*GK(z,n=1) + (-299 + 36*z^2 - z^4))/720.

M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions, National Bureau of Standards, Applied Math. Series 55, Tenth Printing, 1972, Chapter 23, pp. 811-812.
J. M. Amigo, Relations among Sums of Reciprocal Powers Part II, International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences , Volume 2008 (2008), pp. 1-20.
Johannes W. Meijer, The zeros of the Eta, Zeta, Beta and Lambda polynomials, jpg and pdf, Mar 03 2013.

A160481 equals the rows sums.
A101269 and A160482 equal the first and second left hand columns.
A160483 and A160484 equal the second and third right hand columns.
A160485 and A160486 are two related triangles.
The CFN2(z, n) and the cfn2(n, k) lead to A008956.
Cf. the Eta, Zeta and Lambda triangles: A160464, A160474 and A160487.
Cf. A162443 (BG1 matrix).

nmax := 8; mmax := nmax: for n from 1 to nmax do BETA(n, n) := 0 end do: m := 1: for n from m+1 to nmax do BETA(n, m) := (2*n-3)^2*BETA(n-1, m) - (2*n-4)! od: for m from 2 to mmax do for n from m+1 to nmax do BETA(n, m) := (2*n-3)^2*BETA(n-1, m) - BETA(n-1, m-1) od: od: seq(seq(BETA(n, m), m=1..n-1), n= 2..nmax);
# End first program
nmax1 := 25; m := 1; BS1row := 1-2*m; for n from 0 to nmax1 do cfn2(n, 0) := 1: cfn2(n, n) := (doublefactorial(2*n-1))^2 od: for n from 1 to nmax1 do for k from 1 to n-1 do cfn2(n, k) := (2*n-1)^2*cfn2(n-1, k-1) + cfn2(n-1, k) od: od: mmax1 := nmax1: for m1 from 1 to mmax1 do BS1[1-2*m1, 1] := euler(2*m1-2) od: for n from 2 to nmax1 do for m1 from 1 to mmax1-n+1 do BS1[1-2*m1, n] := (-1)^(n+1)*sum((-1)^(k1+1)*cfn2(n-1, k1-1) * BS1[2*k1-2*n-2*m1+1, 1], k1 =1..n)/(2*n-2)! od: od: seq(BS1[1-2*m, n], n=1..nmax1-m+1);
# End second program

BETA[2, 1] = -1;
BETA[n_, 1] := BETA[n, 1] = (2*n - 3)^2*BETA[n - 1, 1] - (2*n - 4)!;
BETA[n_ /; n > 2, m_ /; m > 0] /; 1 <= m <= n := BETA[n, m] = (2*n - 3)^2*BETA[n - 1, m] - BETA[n - 1, m - 1];
BETA[, ] = 0;
Table[BETA[n, m], {n, 2, 9}, {m, 1, n - 1}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Dec 13 2017 *)

We discovered a relation between the Beta triangle coefficients BETA(n,m) = (2*n-3)^2* BETA(n-1,m)- BETA(n-1,m-1) for n = 3, 4, ... and m = 2, 3, ... with BETA(n,m=1) = (2*n-3)^2*BETA(n-1,m=1) - (2*n-4)! for n = 2, 3, ... and BETA(n,n) = 0 for n = 1, 2, ... .
The generating functions GK(z;n) of the coefficients in the matrix columns are defined by
GK(z;n) = sum(BS1[2*m-1,n]*z^(2*m-2), m=1..infinity) with n = 1, 2, ... .
This definition leads to GK(z;n=1) = 1/(z*cos(Pi*z/2))*int(sin(z*t)/sin(t),t=0..Pi/2).
Furthermore we discovered that GK(z;n) = GK(z;n-1)*((2*n-3)/(2*n-2)-z^2/((2*n-2)*(2*n-3)))-1/((2*n-2)*(2*n-3)) for n = 2, 3, ... .
We found the following general expression for the GK(z;n) polynomials, for n = 2, 3, ...,
GK(z;n) = ((-1)^(n+1)*CFN2(z;n)*GK(z;n=1) + BETA(z;n))/p(n) with p(n) = (2*n-2)!.

A049039 Geometric Connell sequence: 1 odd, 2 even, 4 odd, 8 even, ...

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9, 11, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41, 43, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 57, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66, 68, 70, 72, 74, 76, 78, 80, 82, 84, 86, 88, 90, 92, 94, 96, 98, 100, 102, 104, 106, 108, 110, 112, 114, 116, 118, 120, 121, 123, 125

Offset: 1

James Sellers

Reinhard Zumkeller, Rows n=1..13 of triangle, flattened
Ralf Stephan, Some divide-and-conquer sequences ...
Ralf Stephan, Table of generating functions

Cf. A337300 (partial sums), A043529 (first differences).
Cf. A001614, A033292, A030196, A000295, A050487, A050488.
Cf. A160464, A160465 and A160473. - Johannes W. Meijer, May 24 2009

a049039 n k = a049039_tabl !! (n-1) !! (k-1)
a049039_row n = a049039_tabl !! (n-1)
a049039_tabl = f 1 1 [1..] where
   f k p xs = ys : f (2 * k) (1 - p) (dropWhile (<= last ys) xs) where
     ys  = take k $ filter ((== p) . (`mod` 2)) xs
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Jan 18 2012, Jul 08 2011

Digits := 100: [seq(2*n-1-floor(evalf(log(n)/log(2))), n=1..100)];

a[0] = 0; a[n_?EvenQ] := a[n] = a[n/2]+n-1; a[n_?OddQ] := a[n] = a[(n-1)/2]+n; Table[a[n], {n, 1, 100}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Dec 27 2011, after Ralf Stephan *)

a(n) = n<<1 - 1 - logint(n,2); \\ Kevin Ryde, Feb 12 2022

def A049039(n): return (n<<1)-n.bit_length() # Chai Wah Wu, Aug 01 2022

a(n) = 2n - 1 - floor(log_2(n)).
a(2^n-1) = 2^(n+1) - (n+2) = A000295(n+1), the Eulerian numbers.
a(0)=0, a(2n) = a(n) + 2n - 1, a(2n+1) = a(n) + 2n + 1. - Ralf Stephan, Oct 11 2003

Keyword tabf added by Reinhard Zumkeller, Jan 22 2012

A117972 Numerator of zeta'(-2n), n >= 0.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, -1, 3, -45, 315, -14175, 467775, -42567525, 638512875, -97692469875, 9280784638125, -2143861251406875, 147926426347074375, -48076088562799171875, 9086380738369043484375, -3952575621190533915703125

Offset: 0

Eric W. Weisstein, Apr 06 2006

In A160464 the coefficients of the ES1 matrix are defined. This matrix led to the discovery that the successive differences of the ES1[1-2*m,n] coefficients for m = 1, 2, 3, ..., are equal to the values of zeta'(-2n), see also A094665 and A160468. - Johannes W. Meijer, May 24 2009
A048896(n), n >= 1: Numerators of Maclaurin series for 1 - ((sin x)/x)^2,
  a(n), n >= 2: Denominators of Maclaurin series for 1 - ((sin x)/x)^2, the correlation function in Montgomery's pair correlation conjecture. - Daniel Forgues, Oct 16 2011
From Andrey Zabolotskiy, Sep 23 2021: (Start)
zeta'(-2n), which is mentioned in the Name, is irrational. For n > 0, a(n) is the numerator of the rational fraction g(n) = Pi^(2n)*zeta'(-2n)/zeta(2n+1). The denominator is 4*A048896(n-1). g(n) = f(n) for n > 0, where f(n) is given in the Formula section. Also, f(n) = Bernoulli(2n)/z(n)/4 (see Formula section) for all n.
For n = 0, zeta'(0) = -log(2Pi)/2, g(0) can be set to 0 because of the infinite denominator. However, a(0) is set to 1 because it is the numerator of f(0).
It seems that -4*f(n)*alpha_n = A000182(n), where alpha_n = A191657(n, p(n)) / A191658(n, p(n)) [where p(n) = A000041(n)] is the n-th "elementary coefficient" from the paper by Izaurieta et al. (End)

			-1/4, 3/4, -45/8, 315/4, -14175/8, 467775/8, -42567525/16, ...
-zeta(3)/(4*Pi^2), (3*zeta(5))/(4*Pi^4), (-45*zeta(7))/(8*Pi^6), (315*zeta(9))/(4*Pi^8), (-14175*zeta(11))/(8*Pi^10), ...

Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..200
Fernando Izaurieta, Ricardo Ramírez and Eduardo Rodríguez, Dirac Matrices for Chern-Simons Gravity, arXiv:1106.1648 [math-ph], 2011-2012.
J. Sondow and E. W. Weisstein, MathWorld: Riemann Zeta Function

Cf. A000367, A002445, A049606, A046988, A002432, A117973, A048896.
From Johannes W. Meijer, May 24 2009: (Start)
Cf. A160464, A094665 and A160468.
Absolute values equal row sums of A160468. (End)
Cf. A191657, A191658, A000182, A000041.

# Without rational arithmetic
a := n -> (-1)^n*(2*n)!*2^(add(i,i=convert(n,base,2))-2*n);
# Peter Luschny, May 02 2009

Table[Numerator[(2 n)!/2^(2 n + 1) (-1)^n], {n, 0, 30}]

L:taylor(1/x*sin(sqrt(x))^2,x,0,15); makelist(denom(coeff(L,x,n))*(-1)^(n+1),n,0,15); /* Vladimir Kruchinin, May 30 2011 */

a(n) = numerator(f(n)) where f(n) = (2*n)!/2^(2*n + 1)(-1)^n, from the Mathematica code.
From Terry D. Grant, May 28 2017: (Start)
|a(n)| = A049606(2n).
a(n) = -numerator(Bernoulli(2n)/z(n)) where Bernoulli(2n) = A000367(n) / A002445(n) and z(n) = A046988(n) / A002432(n) for n > 0. (End) [Corrected by Andrey Zabolotskiy, Sep 23 2021]

First term added, offset changed and edited by Johannes W. Meijer, May 15 2009

A117973 a(n) = 2^(wt(n)+1), where wt() = A000120().

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 4, 4, 8, 4, 8, 8, 16, 4, 8, 8, 16, 8, 16, 16, 32, 4, 8, 8, 16, 8, 16, 16, 32, 8, 16, 16, 32, 16, 32, 32, 64, 4, 8, 8, 16, 8, 16, 16, 32, 8, 16, 16, 32, 16, 32, 32, 64, 8, 16, 16, 32, 16, 32, 32, 64, 16, 32, 32, 64, 32, 64, 64, 128, 4, 8, 8, 16, 8, 16, 16, 32, 8, 16, 16, 32, 16, 32

Offset: 0

Eric W. Weisstein, Apr 06 2006

Denominator of Zeta'(-2n).
If Gould's sequence A001316 is written as a triangle, this is what the rows converge to. In other words, let S_0 = [2], and construct S_{n+1} by following S_n with 2*S_n. Then this is S_{oo}. - N. J. A. Sloane, May 30 2009
In A160464 the coefficients of the ES1 matrix are defined. This matrix led to the discovery that the successive differences of the ES1[1-2*m,n] coefficients for m = 1, 2, 3, ..., are equal to the values of Zeta'(-2n), see also A094665 and A160468. - Johannes W. Meijer, May 24 2009

			-zeta(3)/(4*Pi^2), (3*zeta(5))/(4*Pi^4), (-45*zeta(7))/(8*Pi^6), (315*zeta(9))/(4*Pi^8), (-14175*zeta(11))/(8*Pi^10), ...

J. Sondow and E. W. Weisstein, MathWorld: Riemann Zeta Function

Cf. A001316, A117972, A160464, A094665, A160468, A220466.

S := [2]; S := [op(S), op(2*S)]; # repeat ad infinitum! - N. J. A. Sloane, May 30 2009
a := n -> 2^(add(i,i=convert(n,base,2))+1); # Peter Luschny, May 02 2009

Mathematica
```
Denominator[(2*n)!/2^(2*n + 1)]
```

For n>=0, a(n) = 2 * A001316(n). - N. J. A. Sloane, May 30 2009
For n>0, a(n) = 4 * A048896(n). - Peter Luschny, May 02 2009
a(0) = 2; for n>0, write n = 2^i + j where 0 <= j < 2^i; then a(n) = 2*a(j).
a((2*n+1)*2^p-1) = 2^(p+1) * A001316(n), p >= 0. - Johannes W. Meijer, Jan 28 2013

Entry revised by N. J. A. Sloane, May 30 2009

A007456 Number of days required to spread gossip to n people.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 3, 2, 4, 3, 4, 3, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 4, 6, 5, 6, 5, 6, 5, 6, 5, 6, 5, 6, 5, 6, 5, 6, 5, 7, 6, 7, 6, 7, 6, 7, 6, 7, 6, 7, 6, 7, 6, 7, 6, 7, 6, 7, 6, 7, 6, 7, 6, 7, 6, 7, 6, 7, 6, 7, 6, 8, 7, 8, 7, 8, 7, 8, 7, 8, 7, 8, 7, 8, 7, 8, 7, 8, 7, 8, 7, 8, 7, 8

Offset: 1

Alex Graesser (AlexG(AT)sni.co.za)

On the first day, each gossip has his own tidbit. On each successive day, disjoint pairs of gossips may share tidbits (over the phone). After a(n) days, all gossips have all tidbits.

a(A240277(n)) = n and a(m) < n for m < A240277(n). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Apr 03 2014

D. Shasha, Gossiping Defenders, The Puzzling Adventures of Dr. Ecco, pp. 62-4;156 W. H. Freeman NY 1988.

T. D. Noe, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
C. Kenneth Fan, Bjorn Poonen and George Poonen, How to spread rumors fast, Mathematics Magazine 70 (Feb, 1997), pp. 40-42.
I. Peterson, Spreading Rumors, MathLand, March 17, 1997.

Cf. A160464, A043529.

Cf. A000523.

a007456 1 = 0
a007456 n = a000523 (n - 1) + mod n 2 + 1
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Apr 03 2014

Join[{0}, Table[Floor[Log[2, n - 1]] + Mod[n - 2, 2] + 1, {n, 2, 100}]] (* T. D. Noe, Mar 16 2012 *)

a(1) = 0; for n >= 2, a(n) = floor(log_2(n-1)) + ((n-2) mod 2) + 1.

G.f.: -1 + (1/(1-z))*(1/(1+z) + Sum_{k>=0} z^(2^k)). - Ralf Stephan, Apr 06 2003

More terms from David W. Wilson

Formulae corrected by Johannes W. Meijer, May 15 2009

A160467 a(n) = 1 if n is odd; otherwise, a(n) = 2^(k-1) where 2^k is the largest power of 2 that divides n.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 4, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 8, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 4, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 16, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 4, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 8, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 4, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 32, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 4, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 8, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 4, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 1, 16

Offset: 1

Johannes W. Meijer, May 24 2009, Jun 28 2011

Fifth factor of the row sums A160466 of the Eta triangle A160464.
From Peter Luschny, May 31 2009: (Start)
Let odd(n) be the characteristic function of the odd numbers (A000035) and sigma(n) the number of 1's in binary expansion of n (A000120). Then a(n) = 2^(sigma(n-1) - sigma(n) + odd(n)).
Let B_{n} be the Bernoulli number. Then this sequence is also
a(n) = denominator(4*(4^n-1)*B_{2*n}/n). (End)

Antti Karttunen, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..16384

Cf. A000265, A001620, A007814, A026741, A140670, A160464, A220466, A006519, A000010.

nmax:=96: p:= floor(log[2](nmax)): for n from 1 to nmax do a(n):=1 end do: for q from 1 to p do for n from 1 to nmax do if n mod 2^q = 0 then a(n):= 2^(q-1) end if: end do: end do: seq(a(n), n=1..nmax);
From Peter Luschny, May 31 2009: (Start)
a := proc(n) local sigma; sigma := proc(n) local i; add(i,i=convert(n,base,2)) end; 2^(sigma(n-1)-sigma(n)+`if`(type(n,odd),1,0)) end: seq(a(n), n=1..96);
a := proc(n) denom(4*(4^n-1)*bernoulli(2*n)/n) end: seq(a(n), n=1..96); (End)

a[n_] := If[OddQ[n], 1, 2^(IntegerExponent[n, 2] - 1)]; Array[a, 100] (* Amiram Eldar, Jul 02 2020 *)

A160467(n) = 2^max(valuation(n,2)-1,0); \\ Antti Karttunen, Nov 18 2017, after Max Alekseyev's Feb 09 2011 formula.

def A160467(n): return max(1,(n&-n)>>1) # Chai Wah Wu, Jul 08 2022

a(n) = A026741(n)/A000265(n). - Paul Curtz, Apr 18 2010
a(n) = 2^max(A007814(n) - 1, 0). - Max Alekseyev, Feb 09 2011
a((2*n-1)*2^p) = A011782(p), p >= 0 and n >= 1. - Johannes W. Meijer, Jan 25 2013
a(n) = (1 + A140670(n))/2. - Antti Karttunen, Nov 18 2017
From Amiram Eldar, Dec 31 2022: (Start)
Dirichlet g.f.: zeta(s)*(2^s-2+1/2^s)/(2^s-2).
Sum_{k=1..n} a(k) ~ (1/(4*log(2)))*n*log(n) + (5/8 + (gamma-1)/(4*log(2)))*n, where gamma is Euler's constant (A001620). (End)
a(n) = A006519(n)/gcd(n,2). - Ridouane Oudra, Feb 08 2025
a(n) = A000010(A006519(n)). - Ridouane Oudra, Jul 27 2025

Keyword mult added by Max Alekseyev, Feb 09 2011

Name changed by Antti Karttunen, Nov 18 2017

A160468 Triangle of polynomial coefficients related to the o.g.f.s of the RES1 polynomials.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 2, 1, 17, 26, 2, 62, 192, 60, 1, 1382, 7192, 5097, 502, 2, 21844, 171511, 217186, 55196, 2036, 2, 929569, 10262046, 20376780, 9893440, 1089330, 16356, 4, 6404582, 94582204, 271154544, 215114420, 48673180, 2567568, 16376, 1

Offset: 1

Johannes W. Meijer, May 24 2009

In A160464 we defined the ES1 matrix by ES1[2*m-1,n=1] and in A094665 it was shown that the n-th term of the coefficients of matrix row ES1[1-2*m,n] for m >= 1 can be generated with the RES1(1-2*m,n) polynomials.
We define the o.g.f.s. of these polynomials by GFRES1(z,1-2*m) = sum(RES1(1-2*m,n)*z^(n-1), n=1..infinity) for m >= 1. The general expression of the o.g.f.s. is GFRES1(z,1-2*m) = (-1)*RE(z,1-2*m)/(2*p(m-1)*(z-1)^(m)). The p(m-1), m >= 1, sequence is Gould's sequence A001316.
The coefficients of the RE(z,1-2*m) polynomials lead to the triangle given above.
The E(z,n) = numer(sum((-1)^(n+1)*k^n*z^(k-1), k=1..infinity)) polynomials with n >= 1, see the Maple algorithm, lead to the Eulerian numbers A008292.
Some of our results are conjectures based on numerical evidence.

			The first few rows are:
[1]
[1]
[2, 1]
[17, 26, 2]
[62, 192, 60, 1]
The first few polynomials RE(z,m) are:
RE(z,-1) = 1
RE(z,-3) = 1
RE(z,-5) = 2+z
RE(z,-7) = 17+26*z+2*z^2
The first few GFRES1(z,m) are:
GFRES1(z,-1) = -(1/1)*(1)/(2*(z-1)^1)
GFRES1(z,-3) = -(1/2)*(1)/(2*(z-1)^2)
GFRES1(z,-5) = -(1/2)*(2+z)/(2*(z-1)^3)
GFRES1(z,-7) = -(1/4)*(17+26*z+2*z^2)/(2*(z-1)^4)

Grzegorz Rzadkowski, M Urlinska, A Generalization of the Eulerian Numbers, arXiv preprint arXiv:1612.06635, 2016

Cf. A160464, A094665 and A083061.
For the Eulerian numbers E(n, k) see A008292.
The p(n) sequence equals Gould's sequence A001316.
The first right hand column of the triangle equals A048896.
The first left hand column equals A160469.
The row sums equal the absolute values of A117972.

nmax := 8; mmax := nmax: T(0, x) := 1: for i from 1 to nmax do dgr := degree(T(i-1, x), x): for na from 0 to dgr do c(na) := coeff(T(i-1, x), x, na) od: T(i-1, x+1) := 0: for nb from 0 to dgr do T(i-1, x+1) := T(i-1, x+1) + c(nb)*(x+1)^nb od: for nc from 0 to dgr do ECGP(i-1, nc+1) := coeff(T(i-1, x), x, nc) od: T(i, x) := expand((2*x+1)*(x+1)*T(i-1, x+1) - 2*x^2*T(i-1, x)) od: dgr := degree (T(nmax, x), x): kmax := nmax: for k from 1 to kmax do p := k: for m from 1 to k do E(m, k) := sum((-1)^(m-q)*(q^k)*binomial(k+1, m-q), q=1..m) od: fx(p) := (-1)^(p+1) * (sum(E(r, k)*z^(k-r), r=1..k))/(z-1)^(p+1): GF(-(2*p+1)) := sort(simplify(((-1)^p* 1/2^(p+1)) * sum(ECGP(k-1, k-s)*fx(k-s), s=0..k-1)), ascending): NUMGF(-(2*p+1)) := -numer(GF(-(2*p+1))): for n from 1 to mmax+1 do A(k+1, n) := coeff(NUMGF(-(2*p+1)), z, n-1) od: od: for m from 2 to mmax do A(1, m) := 0 od: A(1, 1) := 1: FT(1) := 1: for n from 1 to nmax do for m from 1 to n do FT((n)*(n-1)/2+m+1) := A(n+1, m) end do end do: a := n-> FT(n): seq(a(n), n = 1..(nmax+1)*(nmax)/2+1);

T[ n_, k_] := Coefficient[a[2 n]/2^IntegerExponent[(2 n)!, 2], x, n + k];
a[0] = a[1] = 1; a[ m_] := a[m] = With[{n = m - 1}, x Sum[ a[k] a[n - k] Binomial[n, k], {k, 0, n}]]; Join[{1}, Flatten@Table[T[n, k], {n, 1, 8}, {k, 0, n - 1}]] (* Michael Somos, Apr 22 2020 *)

Edited by Johannes W. Meijer, Sep 23 2012

A119951 Numerators of partial sums of a convergent series with value 4, involving scaled Catalan numbers A000108.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 3, 29, 65, 281, 595, 9949, 20613, 84883, 173965, 1421113, 2894229, 11762641, 23859587, 773201629, 1564082093, 6321150767, 12761711209, 102977321267, 207595672639, 836499257311, 1684433835077, 27122471168057, 54567418372945, 219485160092143, 441266239318305, 3547513302275441

Offset: 1

Wolfdieter Lang, Jul 20 2006

For the corresponding denominator sequence see A120069.
The asymptotics for C(n)/2^(2*(k-1)) is 4/(sqrt(Pi)*k^(3/2)) (see the E. Weisstein link, also for references). The sum over the asymptotic values from k=1..infinity is (4/sqrt(Pi))*Zeta(3/2) = 5.895499840 (maple10, 10 digits).
The partial sums r(n) = Sum_{k=1..n} C(k)/2^(2*(k-1)) are rationals (written in lowest terms).
The above partial sums are equal to 4 - binomial(2n+2,n+1)/2^(2n-1). - Pieter Mostert, Oct 12 2012
The series s = Sum_{k>=1} C(k)/2^(2*(k-1)), with C(n):=A000108(n) (Catalan numbers), converges by J. L. Raabe's criterion. See the Meschkowski reference for Raabe's criterion and the example given there. The series he gives as an example can be rewritten as (1 + 4*s)/2. From the expansion of sqrt(1+x) for |x|<=1 one finds for x=-1 the value s=4 (see the W. Lang link).
This sequence was essential for unraveling the structure of the row sums A160466 of the Eta triangle A160464. - Johannes W. Meijer, May 24 2009

			Rationals r(n): [1, 3/2, 29/16, 65/32, 281/128, 595/256, 9949/4096, 20613/8192, ...]

H. Meschkowski, Unendliche Reihen, 2., verb. u. erw. Aufl., Mannheim, Bibliogr. Inst., 1982, p. 32.

G. C. Greubel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..1000
Wolfdieter Lang, Rationals r(n) and more.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Catalan numbers, see eq.(10).

A160464 is the Eta triangle.

Factor of A160466.

Numerator[Table[(1/4^n)*Sum[Binomial[2*(i + 1), i + 1]*Binomial[2*(n - i), n - i], {i, 0, n - 1}], {n, 1, 50}]] (* G. C. Greubel, Jan 31 2017 *)

for(n=1,25, print1(numerator(sum(i=0,n-1, binomial(2*(i+1),i+1)* binomial(2*(n-i), n-i))/4^n), ", ")) \\ G. C. Greubel, Jan 31 2017

a(n) = numerator of Sum_{k=1..n} C(k)/2^(2*(k-1)).
a(n-1) = numerator of (1/4^n)*Sum_{i=0..n-1} (binomial(2*(i+1), i+1)*binomial(2*(n-i), n-i)), for n>=1. - Johannes W. Meijer, May 24 2009
a(n) = (2^n-(2*n+2)!/(2^(n+1)*(n+1)!^2))*gcd((n+1)!,2^(n+1)). - Gary Detlefs, Nov 06 2020

cp's OEIS Frontend

A156769 a(n) = denominator(2^(2*n-2)/factorial(2*n-1)).

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A160474 The Zeta triangle.

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A160480 The Beta triangle read by rows.

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A049039 Geometric Connell sequence: 1 odd, 2 even, 4 odd, 8 even, ...

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A117972 Numerator of zeta'(-2n), n >= 0.

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A117973 a(n) = 2^(wt(n)+1), where wt() = A000120().

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A007456 Number of days required to spread gossip to n people.

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A156769 a(n) = denominator(2^(2n-2)/factorial(2n-1)).