A002896 -id:A002896 - cp's OEIS frontend

A039699 Number of 4-dimensional cubic lattice walks that start and end at the origin after 2n steps, free to pass through origin at intermediate stages.

1, 8, 168, 5120, 190120, 7939008, 357713664, 16993726464, 839358285480, 42714450658880, 2225741588095168, 118227198981126144, 6380762273973278464, 349019710593278412800, 19310744204362333900800, 1079054103459778710405120, 60818479243449308702049960

Offset: 0

Alessandro Zinani (alzinani(AT)tin.it)

Generating function G(x) is D-finite with a singular point at x = 1/64 (cf. Graph Link). After summing 300000 terms, G(1/64) = 1.239466... and 1 - 1/G(1/64) = 0.193201... Convergence to A086232 is very slow. - Bradley Klee, Aug 20 2018

a(n) is also the constant term in the expansion of (w + 1/w + x + 1/x + y + 1/y + z + 1/z)^(2n). This follows directly from the sequence name, each variable corresponding to a single step in one of the four axis directions. - Christopher J. Smyth, Sep 28 2018

			a(5)=7939008, i.e., there are 7939008 different walks that start and end at origin of a 4-dimensional integer lattice after 2*5=10 steps, free to pass through origin at intermediate steps.

S. R. Finch, Mathematical Constants, Cambridge, 2003, pp. 322-331.

Seiichi Manyama, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..557
S. R. Finch, Symmetric Random Walk on n-Dimensional Integer Lattice. [broken link]
Steven R. Finch, Symmetric Random Walk on n-Dimensional Integer Lattice. [Cached copy, with permission of the author]
S. Hassani, J.-M. Maillard, and N. Zenine, On the diagonals of rational functions: the minimal number of variables (unabridged version), arXiv:2502.05543 [math-ph], 2025. See pp. 33, 44.
Bradley Klee, Graph of g.f.
Gilbert Labelle and Annie Lacasse, Closed paths whose steps are roots of unity, in FPSAC 2011, Reykjavik, Iceland DMTCS proc. AO, 2011, 599-610.
Yen Lee Loh, A general method for calculating lattice Green functions on the branch cut, arXiv:1706.03083 [math-ph], 2017.
J. Novak, Pólya's random walk theorem, arXiv:1301.3916 [math.PR], 2013.

1-dimensional, 2-dimensional, 3-dimensional analogs are A000984, A002894, A002896. Pólya Constant: A086232.

Row k=4 of A287318.

A039699 := n -> binomial(2*n,n)^2*hypergeom([1/2, -n, -n, -n],[1, 1, 1/2 - n], 1):
seq(simplify(A039699(n)), n=0..14); # Peter Luschny, May 23 2017

max = 30 (* must be even *); Partition[ CoefficientList[ Series[ BesselI[0, 2 x]^4, {x, 0, max}], x]*Range[0, max]!, 2][[All, 1]] (* Jean-François Alcover, Oct 05 2011 *)
With[{nn=30},Take[CoefficientList[Series[BesselI[0,2x]^4,{x,0,nn}],x] Range[0,nn]!,{1,-1,2}]] (* Harvey P. Dale, Aug 09 2013 *)
RecurrenceTable[{256*(n-1)^2*(2*n-3)*(2*n-1)*a[n-2] - 4*(2*n-1)^2*(5*n^2-5*n+2)*a[n-1] + n^4*a[n]==0, a[0]==1, a[1]==8}, a, {n,0,100}] (* Bradley Klee, Aug 20 2018 *)

C=binomial;
A002895(n) = sum(k=0,n, C(n,k)^2 * C(2*n-2*k,n-k) * C(2*k,k) );
a(n)= C(2*n,n) * A002895(n);
/* Joerg Arndt, Apr 19 2013 */

from math import comb
def A039699(n): return comb(n<<1,n)*((sum(comb(n,k)**2*comb(n-k<<1,n-k)*comb(m:=k<<1,k) for k in range(n+1>>1))<<1) + (0 if n&1 else comb(n,n>>1)**4)) # Chai Wah Wu, Jun 17 2025

E.g.f.: Sum_{n>=0} a(2*n) * x^(2*n)/(2*n)! = I_0(2*x)^4. (I = Modified Bessel function of the first kind).
a(n) = binomial(2*n,n)*A002895(n). - Mark van Hoeij, Apr 19 2013
a(n) = binomial(2*n,n)^2*hypergeom([1/2,-n,-n,-n],[1,1,1/2-n],1). - Peter Luschny, May 23 2017
a(n) ~ 2^(6*n+1) / (Pi*n)^2. - Vaclav Kotesovec, Nov 13 2017
From Bradley Klee, Aug 20 2018: (Start)
G.f.: Define G(x) = Sum_{n>=0} a(n)*x^n and G^(j) = (d/dx)^j G(x), then Sum_{j=0..4,k=0..5} M_{j,k}*G^(j)*x^k = 0, with
M={{-8, 768, 0, 0, 0, 0}, {1, -424, 14592, 0, 0, 0}, {0, 7, -1172, 25344, 0, 0}, {0, 0, 6, -640, 10240, 0}, {0, 0, 0, 1, -80, 1024}}.
Sum_{j=0..2,k=0..4} M_{j,k}*a(n-j)*n^k = 0, with
M={{0, 0, 0, 0, 1}, {-8, 52, -132, 160, -80}, {768, -3584, 5888, -4096, 1024}}.
(End)
a(n) = Sum_{i+j+k+l=n, 0<=i,j,k,l<=n} multinomial(2n [i,i,j,j,k,k,l,l]). - Shel Kaphan, Jan 16 2023

A084261 A binomial transform of factorial numbers.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 2, 4, 9, 21, 52, 134, 361, 1009, 2926, 8768, 27121, 86373, 282864, 950866, 3277169, 11564353, 41739130, 153919324, 579411641, 2224535125, 8703993420, 34681783422, 140637608089, 580019801201, 2431509498406, 10355296410712

Offset: 0

Paul Barry, May 26 2003

Binomial transform of A000142 (with interpolated zeros).

Row sums of A161556. Hankel transform is A137704. [Paul Barry, Apr 11 2010]

G. C. Greubel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..880
Jonathan Fang, Zachary Hamaker, and Justin Troyka, On pattern avoidance in matchings and involutions, arXiv:2009.00079 [math.CO], 2020. See Proposition 4.13 p. 15.

Table[Sum[Binomial[n,2*k]*k!, {k,0,Floor[n/2]}], {n,0,50}] (* G. C. Greubel, Jan 24 2017 *)

for(n=0,50, print1(sum(k=0,floor(n/2), binomial(n,2*k)*k!), ", ")) \\ G. C. Greubel, Jan 24 2017

a(n) = Sum_{k=0..floor(n/2)} C(n, 2k)*k!.
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} C(n, k)*(k/2)!*((1+(-1)^k)/2) .
E.g.f.: exp(x)*(1+sqrt(Pi)/2*x*exp(x^2/4)*erf(x/2)). - Vladeta Jovovic, Sep 25 2003
O.g.f.: A(x) = 1/(1-x-x^2/(1-x-x^2/(1-x-2*x^2/(1-x-2*x^2/(1-x-3*x^2/(1-... -x-[(n+1)/2]*x^2/(1- ...))))))) (continued fraction). - Paul D. Hanna, Jan 17 2006
a_n ~ (1/2) * sqrt(Pi*n/e)*(n/2)^(n/2)*exp(-n/2 + sqrt(2n)). - Cecil C Rousseau (ccrousse(AT)memphis.edu), Mar 14 2006: (cf. A002896).
Conjecture: 2*a(n) -4*a(n-1) +(-n+2)*a(n-2) +(n-2)*a(n-3)=0. - R. J. Mathar, Nov 30 2012

A001413 Number of 2n-step self-avoiding cycles on the cubic lattice.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 24, 264, 3312, 48240, 762096, 12673920, 218904768, 3891176352, 70742410800, 1309643747808, 24609869536800, 468270744898944, 9005391024862848, 174776445357365040, 3419171337633496704

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane

Original name: Number of 2n-step polygons on the cubic lattice. "Polygons" suggests translation invariance, and/or independence of the starting point; those are counted in A001409. Here, two paths which start and end at the origin are counted as distinct if they have a different sequence of steps, even if their set of edges is the same modulo translations.

a(n) is the number of 2n-step closed self-avoiding paths on the cubic lattice. - Bert Dobbelaere, Jan 04 2019

B. D. Hughes, Random Walks and Random Environments, Oxford 1995, vol. 1, p. 462.
N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

M. E. Fisher and M. F. Sykes, Excluded-volume problem and the Ising model of ferromagnetism, Phys. Rev. 114 (1959), 45-58.
B. J. Hiley and M. F. Sykes, Probability of initial ring closure in the restricted random-walk model of a macromolecule, J. Chem. Phys., 34 (1961), 1531-1537.
M. F. Sykes, D. S. McKenzie, M. G. Watts, and J. L. Martin, The number of self-avoiding walks on a lattice, J. Phys. A 5 (1972), 661-666.

Cf. A001409.
Cf. A010566 (for square lattice equivalent).
Cf. A002896 (without self-avoidance restriction).

def A001413(n): # For illustration; becomes slow for n >= 5.
    if not hasattr(A:=A001413, 'terms'): A.terms=[]; A.paths=((0,0,0),),
    while n > len(A.terms):
        for L in (0,1):
            new = []; cycles = 0
            for path in A.paths:
                end = path[-1]
                for i in (0,1,2):
                   for s in (1,-1):
                      t = tuple(end[j]if j!=i else end[j]+s for j in (0,1,2))
                      if t not in path: new.append(path+(t,))
                      elif L and t==path[0]: cycles += 1
            A.paths = new
        A.terms.append(cycles)
    return A.terms[n-1] if n > 1 else 0 # M. F. Hasler, Jun 17 2025

a(n) = 4*n*A001409(n). - Sean A. Irvine, Jul 27 2020

a(11)-a(12) from Bert Dobbelaere, Jan 04 2019
a(13)-a(16) (using A001409) from Alois P. Heinz, Feb 28 2024
Name changed by M. F. Hasler, Jun 17 2025

A376935 Array read by antidiagonals: T(n,k) is the number of 2n X 2k binary matrices with all row sums k and column sums n.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 6, 6, 1, 1, 20, 90, 20, 1, 1, 70, 1860, 1860, 70, 1, 1, 252, 44730, 297200, 44730, 252, 1, 1, 924, 1172556, 60871300, 60871300, 1172556, 924, 1, 1, 3432, 32496156, 14367744720, 116963796250, 14367744720, 32496156, 3432, 1, 1, 12870, 936369720, 3718394156400, 273957842462220, 273957842462220, 3718394156400, 936369720, 12870, 1

Offset: 0

Andrew Howroyd, Oct 11 2024

T(n,k) is the number of 2*n X 2*k {-1,1} matrices with all rows and columns summing to zero.

			Array begins:
========================================================================
n\k | 0   1       2           3               4                   5 ...
----+------------------------------------------------------------------
  0 | 1   1       1           1               1                   1 ...
  1 | 1   2       6          20              70                 252 ...
  2 | 1   6      90        1860           44730             1172556 ...
  3 | 1  20    1860      297200        60871300         14367744720 ...
  4 | 1  70   44730    60871300    116963796250     273957842462220 ...
  5 | 1 252 1172556 14367744720 273957842462220 6736218287430460752 ...
  ...

Nikolai Beluhov, Powers of 2 in Balanced Grid Colourings, arXiv:2504.21451 [math.CO], 2025.
Robert Dougherty-Bliss, Christoph Koutschan, Natalya Ter-Saakov, and Doron Zeilberger, The (Symbolic and Numeric) Computational Challenges of Counting 0-1 Balanced Matrices, arXiv:2410.07435 [math.CO], 2024.

Main diagonal is A058527.
Columns 0..9 are A000012, A000984, A002896, A172556, A172555, A172557, A172558, A172559, A172560, A172554.
Cf. A008300, A195644, A333901, A334549, A377007 (up to permutations of rows and columns).

T(n, k)={
  local(M=Map(Mat([2*k, 1])));
  my(acc(p, v)=my(z); mapput(M, p, if(mapisdefined(M, p, &z), z+v, v)));
  my(recurse(i, p, v, e) = if(i<0, if(!e, acc(p, v)), my(t=polcoef(p,i)); for(j=0, min(t, e), self()(i-1, p+j*(x-1)*x^i, binomial(t, j)*v, e-j))));
  for(r=1, 2*n, my(src=Mat(M)); M=Map(); for(i=1, matsize(src)[1], recurse(n-1, src[i, 1], src[i, 2], k))); vecsum(Mat(M)[,2]);
}

T(n,k) = T(k,n).

A049037 Number of cubic lattice walks that start and end at origin after 2n steps, not touching origin at intermediate stages.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 6, 54, 996, 22734, 577692, 15680628, 445162392, 13055851998, 392475442092, 12029082873372, 374482032292008, 11808861461931492, 376406128925067528, 12108063535794336312, 392560994063887113744, 12814685828476778001726, 420836267423433182275404

Offset: 0

Alessandro Zinani (alzinani(AT)tin.it)

			a(5) = 577692 because there are 577692 different walks that start and end at the origin after 2*5=10 steps, avoiding origin at intermediate steps.

S. R. Finch, Mathematical Constants, Cambridge, 2003, pp. 322-331.

Alois P. Heinz, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..200
Steven R. Finch, Symmetric Random Walk on n-Dimensional Integer Lattice
Steven R. Finch, Symmetric Random Walk on n-Dimensional Integer Lattice [Cached copy, with permission of the author]
N. J. A. Sloane, Transforms

Invert A002896, A094059.

Column k=3 of A361397.

read transforms; t1 := [ seq(A002896(i),i=1..25) ]; INVERTi(t1);
# second Maple program:
b:= proc(n) option remember; `if`(n<2, 5*n+1,
      (2*(2*n-1)*(10*n^2-10*n+3) *b(n-1)
       -36*(n-1)*(2*n-1)*(2*n-3) *b(n-2)) /n^3)
    end:
g:= proc(n) g(n):= `if` (n<1, -1, -add(g(n-i) *b(i), i=1..n)) end:
a:= n-> abs(g(n)):
seq(a(n), n=0..30);  # Alois P. Heinz, Nov 02 2012

(* A002896 : *) b[n_] := b[n] = Binomial[2*n, n]*HypergeometricPFQ[{1/2, -n, -n}, {1, 1}, 4]; max = 32; a[0] = 1; se = Series[ Sum[ a[n] x^(2 n), {n, 1, max}] - 1 + 1/Sum[ b[n]*x^(2 n), {n, 0, max}], {x, 0, max}]; coes = CoefficientList[se, x]; sol = First[ Solve[ Thread[ coes == 0]]]; Table[ a[n], {n, 0, 16}] /. sol (* Jean-François Alcover, Dec 20 2011 *)
b[n_] := b[n] = If[n < 2, 5*n + 1, (2*(2*n - 1)*(10*n^2 - 10*n + 3)*b[n-1] - 36*(n - 1)*(2*n - 1)*(2*n - 3)*b[n-2]) / n^3];
g[n_] := g[n] = If[n < 1, -1, -Sum [g[n - i]*b[i], {i, 1, n}]];
a[n_] := Abs[g[n]];
Table[a[n], {n, 0, 30}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Jan 12 2018, after Alois P. Heinz *)

Define a_0, a_1, ... = [ 1, 6, 54, ... ] by 1+Sum b_i x^i = 1/(1-Sum a_i x^i) where b_0, b_1, ... = [ 1, 6, 90, ... ] = A002896.
Or, Sum[ a(n) x^(2n), n=1, 2, ...infinity ] = 1-1/Sum[ A002896(n)*x^(2n), n=0, 1, ...infinity ].
G.f.: 2-sqrt(1+12*z) /hypergeom([1/8, 3/8], [1], 64/81*z *(1+sqrt(1-36*z))^2 *(2+sqrt(1-36*z))^4 /(1+12*z)^4)/ hypergeom([1/8, 3/8], [1], 64/81*z *(1-sqrt(1-36*z))^2 *(2-sqrt(1-36*z))^4 /(1+12*z)^4). - Sergey Perepechko, Jan 30 2011
a(n) ~ c * 36^n / n^(3/2), where c = 0.1014559485279103938501072426734... . - Vaclav Kotesovec, Sep 13 2014
c = 384 * (3 + 2*sqrt(3)) * Pi^(9/2) / (Gamma(1/24)^4 * Gamma(11/24)^4). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Apr 23 2023

A287318 Square array A(n,k) = (2n)! [x^n] BesselI(0, 2sqrt(x))^k read by antidiagonals.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 4, 6, 0, 1, 6, 36, 20, 0, 1, 8, 90, 400, 70, 0, 1, 10, 168, 1860, 4900, 252, 0, 1, 12, 270, 5120, 44730, 63504, 924, 0, 1, 14, 396, 10900, 190120, 1172556, 853776, 3432, 0, 1, 16, 546, 19920, 551950, 7939008, 32496156, 11778624, 12870, 0

Offset: 0

Peter Luschny, May 23 2017

			Arrays start:
  k\n| 0   1    2      3        4          5           6
  ---|---------------------------------------------------------
  k=0| 1,  0,   0,     0,       0,         0,            0, ... A000007
  k=1| 1,  2,   6,    20,      70,       252,          924, ... A000984
  k=2| 1,  4,  36,   400,    4900,     63504,       853776, ... A002894
  k=3| 1,  6,  90,  1860,   44730,   1172556,     32496156, ... A002896
  k=4| 1,  8, 168,  5120,  190120,   7939008,    357713664, ... A039699
  k=5| 1, 10, 270, 10900,  551950,  32232060,   2070891900, ... A287317
  k=6| 1, 12, 396, 19920, 1281420,  96807312,   8175770064, ... A356258
  k=7| 1, 14, 546, 32900, 2570050, 238935564,  25142196156, ...
  k=8| 1, 16, 720, 50560, 4649680, 514031616,  64941883776, ...
  k=9| 1, 18, 918, 73620, 7792470, 999283068, 147563170524, ...

Nikolai Beluhov, Powers of 2 in High-Dimensional Lattice Walks, arXiv:2506.12789 [math.CO], 2025. See p. 19.

Rows: A000007 (k=0), A000984 (k=1), A002894 (k=2), A002896 (k=3), A039699 (k=4), A287317 (k=5), A356258 (k=6).
Columns: A005843 (n=1), A152746 (n=2), 20*A169711 (n=3), 70*A169712 (n=4), 252*A169713 (n=5).
Main diagonal gives A303503.
Cf. A287316.

A287318_row := proc(k, len) local b, ser;
b := k -> BesselI(0, 2*sqrt(x))^k: ser := series(b(k), x, len);
seq((2*i)!*coeff(ser,x,i), i=0..len-1) end:
for k from 0 to 6 do A287318_row(k, 9) od;

Table[Table[SeriesCoefficient[BesselI[0, 2 Sqrt[x]]^k, {x, 0, n}] (2 n)!, {n, 0, 6}], {k, 0, 6}]

A(n,k) = A287316(n,k) * binomial(2*n,n).

A288458 Chebyshev coefficients of density of states of cubic lattice.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, -24, 288, -2688, -32256, 2820096, -95035392, 1972076544, -9841803264, -1288894414848, 70351960670208, -2164060518875136, 36664809432809472, 365875642245316608, -55960058736918134784, 2436570173137823465472, -64272155689216515244032, 664295705652718630600704, 35692460661517822602510336

Offset: 0

Yen-Lee Loh, Jun 16 2017

sign

This is the sequence of integers z^n g_n for n=0,2,4,6,... where g_n are the coefficients in the Chebyshev polynomial expansion of the density of states of the simple cubic lattice (z=6), g(w) = 1 / (Pi*sqrt(1-w^2)) * Sum_{n>=0} (2-delta_n) g_n T_n(w). Here |w| <= 1 and delta is the Kronecker delta.
The Chebyshev coefficients, g_n, are related to the number of walks on the lattice that return to the origin, W_n, as g_n = Sum_{k=0..n} a_{nk} z^{-k} W_k, where z is the coordination number of the lattice and a_{nk} are the coefficients of Chebyshev polynomials such that T_n(x) = Sum_{k=0..n} a_{nk} x^k.
The author was unable to obtain a closed form for z^n g_n.

Yen Lee Loh, A general method for calculating lattice Green functions on the branch cut, arXiv:1706.03083 [math-ph], 2017.

Related to numbers of walks returning to origin, W_n, on cubic lattice (A002896).

Whon[n_] := If[OddQ[n], 0,
   Sum[Binomial[n/2,j]^2 Binomial[2j,j], {j, 0, n/2}]];
Wcub[n_] := Binomial[n, n/2] Whon[n];
ank[n_, k_] := SeriesCoefficient[ChebyshevT[n, x], {x, 0, k}];
zng[n_] := Sum[ank[n, k]*6^(n-k)*Wcub[k], {k, 0, n}];
Table[zng[n], {n,0,50}]

A287317 Number of 5-dimensional cubic lattice walks that start and end at origin after 2n steps, free to pass through origin at intermediate stages.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 10, 270, 10900, 551950, 32232060, 2070891900, 142317232200, 10277494548750, 770878551371500, 59577647564312020, 4717432065143561400, 381091087190569291900, 31308955091335405435000, 2609450031306515140215000, 220199552765301571338488400

Offset: 0

Peter Luschny, May 23 2017

Case k=5 of A287318.
Cf. A169714, A287316
1-4 dimensional analogs are A000984, A002894, A002896, A039699.

A287317_list := proc(len) series(BesselI(0, 2*sqrt(x))^5, x, len);
seq((2*i)!*coeff(%, x, i), i=0..len-1) end: A287317_list(16);

Table[SeriesCoefficient[BesselI[0, 2 Sqrt[x]]^5, {x, 0, n}] (2 n) !, {n, 0, 15}]
Table[Binomial[2n,n]^2 Sum[(Binomial[n,j]^4/Binomial[2n,2j]) HypergeometricPFQ[{-j,-j,-j}, {1,1/2-j}, 1/4], {j,0,n}], {n,0,15}]
Table[Sum[(2 n)!/(i! j! k! l! (n-i-j-k-l)!)^2, {i,0,n}, {j,0,n-i}, {k,0,n-i-j}, {l,0,n-i-j-k}], {n,0,30}] (* Shel Kaphan, Jan 24 2023 *)

a(n) = (2*n)! [x^n] BesselI(0, 2*sqrt(x))^5.
a(n) = binomial(2*n,n)*A169714(n).
a(n) ~ 2^(2*n) * 5^(2*n + 5/2) / (16 * Pi^(5/2) * n^(5/2)). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Nov 13 2017
a(n) = Sum_{i+j+k+l+m=n, 0<=i,j,k,l,m<=n} multinomial(2n, [i,i,j,j,k,k,l,l,m,m]). - Shel Kaphan, Jan 24 2023

Moved original definition to formula section and reworded definition descriptively similar to sequence A039699, by Dave R.M. Langers, Oct 12 2022

cp's OEIS Frontend

A174516 Partial sums of A002896.

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A086231 Decimal expansion of value of Watson's integral.

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A039699 Number of 4-dimensional cubic lattice walks that start and end at the origin after 2n steps, free to pass through origin at intermediate stages.

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A084261 A binomial transform of factorial numbers.

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A001413 Number of 2n-step self-avoiding cycles on the cubic lattice.

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A376935 Array read by antidiagonals: T(n,k) is the number of 2*n X 2*k binary matrices with all row sums k and column sums n.

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A049037 Number of cubic lattice walks that start and end at origin after 2n steps, not touching origin at intermediate stages.

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A376935 Array read by antidiagonals: T(n,k) is the number of 2n X 2k binary matrices with all row sums k and column sums n.

A287318 Square array A(n,k) = (2n)! [x^n] BesselI(0, 2sqrt(x))^k read by antidiagonals.