A016115 -id:A016115 - cp's OEIS frontend

A002385 Palindromic primes: prime numbers whose decimal expansion is a palindrome.

2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 101, 131, 151, 181, 191, 313, 353, 373, 383, 727, 757, 787, 797, 919, 929, 10301, 10501, 10601, 11311, 11411, 12421, 12721, 12821, 13331, 13831, 13931, 14341, 14741, 15451, 15551, 16061, 16361, 16561, 16661, 17471, 17971, 18181, 18481, 19391, 19891, 19991

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane, Simon Plouffe

Every palindrome with an even number of digits is divisible by 11, so 11 is the only member of the sequence with an even number of digits. - David Wasserman, Sep 09 2004
This holds in any number base A006093(n), n>1. - Lekraj Beedassy, Mar 07 2005 and Dec 06 2009
The log-log plot shows the fairly regular structure of these numbers. - T. D. Noe, Jul 09 2013
Conjecture: The only primes with palindromic prime indices that are palindromic primes themselves are 3, 5 and 11. Tested for the primes with the first 8000000 palindromic prime indices. - Ivan N. Ianakiev, Oct 10 2014
It follows from the above conjecture that 2 is the only k such that k, prime(k), prime(m) = k + prime(k) and m are all palindromic primes. - Ivan N. Ianakiev, Mar 17 2025
Banks, Hart, and Sakata derive a nontrivial upper bound for the number of prime palindromes n <= x as x -> oo. It follows that almost all palindromes are composite. The results hold in any base. The authors use Weil's bound for Kloosterman sums. - Jonathan Sondow, Jan 02 2018
Number of terms < 100^k, k >= 1: 5, 20, 113, 781, 5953, 47995, 401698, .... - Robert G. Wilson v, Jan 03 2018, corrected by M. F. Hasler, Dec 19 2024
Initially the above comment listed 4, 20, 113, ... which is the number of terms less than 10, 1000, 10^5, ..., i.e., up to 10^(2k-1), k >= 1. The number of terms < 10^k are the cumulative sums of A016115(n) (number of prime palindromes with n digits) up to n = k. - M. F. Hasler, Dec 19 2024

A. H. Beiler, Recreations in the Theory of Numbers, Dover, NY, 1964, p. 228.
Paulo Ribenboim, The Little Book of Bigger Primes, Springer-Verlag NY 2004. See pp. 120-121.
N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

N. J. A. Sloane, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..47995 (all palindromic primes with fewer than 12 digits), Oct 14 2015, extending earlier b-files from T. D. Noe and A. Olah.
W. D. Banks, D. N. Hart, and M. Sakata, Almost all palindromes are composite, Math. Res. Lett., 11 No. 5-6 (2004), 853-868.
K. S. Brown, On General Palindromic Numbers
C. K. Caldwell, "Top Twenty" page, Palindrome
Patrick De Geest, World!Of Palindromic Primes
Lubomira Dvorakova, Stanislav Kruml, and David Ryzak, Antipalindromic numbers, arXiv:2008.06864 [math.CO], 2020. Mentions this sequence.
Ernest G. Hibbs, Component Interactions of the Prime Numbers, Ph. D. Thesis, Capitol Technology Univ. (2022), see p. 33.
Dmytro S. Inosov and Emil Vlasák, Cryptarithmically unique terms in integer sequences, arXiv:2410.21427 [math.NT], 2024. See pp. 10, 18.
T. D. Noe, Log-log plot of the first 401696 terms
I. Peterson, Math Trek, Palindromic Primes
Phakhinkon Phunphayap and Prapanpong Pongsriiam, Reciprocal sum of palindromes, arXiv:1803.00161 [math.CA], 2018.
M. Shafer, First 401066 Palprimes
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Palindromic Number
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Palindromic Prime
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Integer Sequence Primes
Wikipedia, Palindromic prime
Index entries for sequences related to palindromes

A007500 = this sequence union A006567.
Subsequence of A188650; A188649(a(n)) = a(n); see A033620 for multiplicative closure. [Reinhard Zumkeller, Apr 11 2011]
Cf. A016041, A029732, A069469, A117697, A046942, A032350 (Palindromic nonprime numbers).
Cf. A016115 (number of prime palindromes with n digits).

Filtered([1..20000],n->IsPrime(n) and ListOfDigits(n)=Reversed(ListOfDigits(n))); # Muniru A Asiru, Mar 08 2019

a002385 n = a002385_list !! (n-1)
a002385_list = filter ((== 1) . a136522) a000040_list
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Apr 11 2011

ff := proc(n) local i,j,k,s,aa,nn,bb,flag; s := n; aa := convert(s,string); nn := length(aa); bb := ``; for i from nn by -1 to 1 do bb := cat(bb,substring(aa,i..i)); od; flag := 0; for j from 1 to nn do if substring(aa,j..j)<>substring(bb,j..j) then flag := 1 fi; od; RETURN(flag); end; gg := proc(i) if ff(ithprime(i)) = 0 then RETURN(ithprime(i)) fi end;
rev:=proc(n) local nn, nnn: nn:=convert(n,base,10): add(nn[nops(nn)+1-j]*10^(j-1),j=1..nops(nn)) end: a:=proc(n) if n=rev(n) and isprime(n)=true then n else fi end: seq(a(n),n=1..20000); # rev is a Maple program to revert a number - Emeric Deutsch, Mar 25 2007
# A002385 Gets all base-10 palindromic primes with exactly d digits, in the list "Res"
d:=7; # (say)
if d=1 then Res:= [2,3,5,7]:
elif d=2 then Res:= [11]:
elif d::even then
    Res:=[]:
else
    m:= (d-1)/2:
    Res2 := [seq(seq(n*10^(m+1)+y*10^m+digrev(n), y=0..9), n=10^(m-1)..10^m-1)]:
    Res:=[]: for x in Res2 do if isprime(x) then Res:=[op(Res),x]; fi: od:
fi:
Res; # N. J. A. Sloane, Oct 18 2015

Select[ Prime[ Range[2100] ], IntegerDigits[#] == Reverse[ IntegerDigits[#] ] & ]
lst = {}; e = 3; Do[p = n*10^(IntegerLength[n] - 1) + FromDigits@Rest@Reverse@IntegerDigits[n]; If[PrimeQ[p], AppendTo[lst, p]], {n, 10^e - 1}]; Insert[lst, 11, 5] (* Arkadiusz Wesolowski, May 04 2012 *)
Join[{2,3,5,7,11},Flatten[Table[Select[Prime[Range[PrimePi[ 10^(2n)]+1, PrimePi[ 10^(2n+1)]]],# == IntegerReverse[#]&],{n,3}]]] (* The program uses the IntegerReverse function from Mathematica version 10 *) (* Harvey P. Dale, Apr 22 2016 *)
genPal[n_Integer, base_Integer: 10] := Block[{id = IntegerDigits[n, base], insert = Join[{{}}, {# - 1} & /@ Range[base]]}, FromDigits[#, base] & /@ (Join[id, #, Reverse@id] & /@ insert)]; k = 1; lst = {2, 3, 5, 7}; While[k < 19, p = Select[genPal[k], PrimeQ];
If[p != {}, AppendTo[lst, p]]; k++]; Flatten@ lst (* RGWv *)
Select[ Prime[ Range[2100]], PalindromeQ] (* Jean-François Alcover, Feb 17 2018 *)
NestList[NestWhile[NextPrime, #, ! PalindromeQ[#2] &, 2] &, 2, 41] (* Jan Mangaldan, Jul 01 2020 *)

is(n)=n==eval(concat(Vecrev(Str(n))))&&isprime(n) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Nov 20 2012

forprime(p=2,10^5, my(d=digits(p,10)); if(d==Vecrev(d),print1(p,", "))); \\ Joerg Arndt, Aug 17 2014

A002385_row(n)=select(is_A002113, primes([10^(n-1),10^n])) \\ Terms with n digits. For larger n, better filter primes in palindromes. - M. F. Hasler, Dec 19 2024

from itertools import chain
from sympy import isprime
A002385 = sorted((n for n in chain((int(str(x)+str(x)[::-1]) for x in range(1,10**5)),(int(str(x)+str(x)[-2::-1]) for x in range(1,10**5))) if isprime(n))) # Chai Wah Wu, Aug 16 2014

from sympy import isprime
A002385 = [*filter(isprime, (int(str(x) + str(x)[-2::-1]) for x in range(10**5)))]
A002385.insert(4, 11)  # Yunhan Shi, Mar 03 2023

from sympy import isprime
from itertools import count, islice, product
def A002385gen(): # generator of palprimes
    yield from [2, 3, 5, 7, 11]
    for d in count(3, 2):
        for last in "1379":
            for p in product("0123456789", repeat=d//2-1):
                left = "".join(p)
                for mid in [[""], "0123456789"][d&1]:
                    t = int(last + left + mid + left[::-1] + last)
                    if isprime(t):
                        yield t
print(list(islice(A002385gen(), 46))) # Michael S. Branicky, Apr 13 2025

[n for n in (2..18181) if is_prime(n) and Word(n.digits()).is_palindrome()] # Peter Luschny, Sep 13 2018

Intersection of A000040 (primes) and A002113 (palindromes).
A010051(a(n)) * A136522(a(n)) = 1. [Reinhard Zumkeller, Apr 11 2011]
Complement of A032350 in A002113. - Jonathan Sondow, Jan 02 2018

More terms from Larry Reeves (larryr(AT)acm.org), Oct 25 2000

Comment from A006093 moved here by Franklin T. Adams-Watters, Dec 03 2009

A050683 Number of nonzero palindromes of length n.

Original entry on oeis.org

9, 9, 90, 90, 900, 900, 9000, 9000, 90000, 90000, 900000, 900000, 9000000, 9000000, 90000000, 90000000, 900000000, 900000000, 9000000000, 9000000000, 90000000000, 90000000000, 900000000000, 900000000000, 9000000000000

Offset: 1

Patrick De Geest, Aug 15 1999

In general the number of base k palindromes with n digits is (k-1)*k^floor((n-1)/2). (See A117855 or A225367 for an explanation.) - Henry Bottomley, Aug 14 2000

This sequence does not count 0 as palindrome with 1 digit, see A070252 = (10,9,90,90,...) for the variant which does. - M. F. Hasler, Nov 16 2008

Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..1000
Dr. Math, More info 1.
Dr. Math, More info 2.
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (0,10).

Cf. A002113, A050250, A050251, A070252, A070199.
Cf. A016116 for numbers of binary palindromes, A016115 for prime palindromes.
Cf. A117855 for the base 3 version, and A225367 for a variant.

a:=[9,9];; for n in [3..30] do a[n]:=10*a[n-2]; od; a; # Muniru A Asiru, Oct 07 2018

[9*10^Floor((n-1)/2): n in [1..30]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Aug 16 2011

seq(9*10^floor((n-1)/2),n=1..30); # Muniru A Asiru, Oct 07 2018

With[{c=9*10^Range[0,20]},Riffle[c,c]] (* or *) LinearRecurrence[{0,10},{9,9},40] (* Harvey P. Dale, Dec 15 2013 *)

A050683(n)=9*10^((n-1)\2) \\ M. F. Hasler, Nov 16 2008

\\ using M. F. Hasler's is_A002113(n) from A002113
is_A002113(n)={Vecrev(n=digits(n))==n}
for(n=1,8,j=0;for(k=10^(n-1),10^n-1,if(is_A002113(k),j++));print1(j,", ")) \\ Hugo Pfoertner, Oct 03 2018

is_palindrome(x)={my(d=digits(x));for(k=1,#d\2,if(d[k]!=d[#d+1-k],return(0)));return(1)}
for(n=1,8,j=0;for(k=10^(n-1),10^n-1,if(is_palindrome(k),j++));print1(j,", ")) \\ Hugo Pfoertner, Oct 02 2018

a(n) = if(n<3, 9, 10*a(n-2)); \\ Altug Alkan, Oct 03 2018

def A050683(n): return 9*10**(n-1>>1) # Chai Wah Wu, Jul 30 2025

a(n) = 9*10^floor((n-1)/2).
From Colin Barker, Apr 06 2012: (Start)
a(n) = 10*a(n-2).
G.f.: 9*x*(1+x)/(1-10*x^2). (End)
E.g.f.: 9*(cosh(sqrt(10)*x) + sqrt(10)*sinh(sqrt(10)*x) - 1)/10. - Stefano Spezia, Jun 11 2022

A070252 Number of n-digit palindromes.

Original entry on oeis.org

10, 9, 90, 90, 900, 900, 9000, 9000, 90000, 90000, 900000, 900000, 9000000, 9000000, 90000000, 90000000, 900000000, 900000000, 9000000000, 9000000000, 90000000000, 90000000000, 900000000000, 900000000000, 9000000000000

Offset: 1

Amarnath Murthy, May 06 2002

Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (0,10).

A variant of A050683, which is the principal entry for this sequence. Cf. A016115.

Partial sums give A070199.

LinearRecurrence[{0,10},{10,9,90},25] (* Stefano Spezia, Jun 11 2022 *)

def A070252(n): return 10 if n==1 else 9*10**(n-1>>1) # Chai Wah Wu, Jul 30 2025

From Colin Barker, Aug 19 2013: (Start)
a(n) = 10*a(n-2) for n>3.
G.f.: x*(10*x^2-9*x-10) / (10*x^2-1). (End)
E.g.f.: x + 9*(cosh(sqrt(10)*x) - 1 + sqrt(10)*sinh(sqrt(10)*x))/10. - Stefano Spezia, Jun 11 2022

A050251 Number of palindromic primes less than 10^n.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 4, 5, 20, 20, 113, 113, 781, 781, 5953, 5953, 47995, 47995, 401696, 401696, 3438339, 3438339, 30483565, 30483565, 269577430, 269577430, 2427668363, 2427668363, 22170468927, 22170468927, 202985860292, 202985860292

Offset: 0

Eric W. Weisstein

Every palindrome with an even number of digits is divisible by 11 and therefore is composite (not prime). Hence there is only one palindromic prime with an even number of digits, 11. - Martin Renner, Apr 15 2006

Patrick De Geest, World!Of Palindromic Primes, Page 1
Shyam Sunder Gupta, Palindromic Primes up to 10^19.
Shyam Sunder Gupta, Palindromic Primes up to 10^23.
Shyam Sunder Gupta, Palindromic Primes up to 10^25.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Palindromic Prime.
Index entries for sequences related to numbers of primes in various ranges

Partial sums of A016115.

Cf. A002113 (palindromes), A002385 (palindromic primes).

from _future_ import division
from sympy import isprime
def paloddgen(l,b=10): # generator of odd-length palindromes in base b of length <= 2*l
    if l > 0:
        yield 0
        for x in range(1,l+1):
            n = b**(x-1)
            n2 = n*b
            for y in range(n,n2):
                k, m = y//b, 0
                while k >= b:
                    k, r = divmod(k,b)
                    m = b*m + r
                yield y*n + b*m + k
def A050251(n):
    if n <= 1:
        return 4*n
    else:
        c = 1
        for i in paloddgen((n+1)//2):
            if isprime(i):
                c += 1
        return c # Chai Wah Wu, Jan 05 2015

a(n) ~ A070199(n)/log(10^n) = 1/log(10^n)*Sum {k=1..n} 9*10^floor[(k-1)/2]. - Robert G. Wilson v, May 31 2009

a(2n) = a(2n-1) for n > 1. - Chai Wah Wu, Nov 21 2021

More terms from Patrick De Geest, Aug 01 1999
2 more terms from Shyam Sunder Gupta, Feb 12 2006
2 more terms from Shyam Sunder Gupta, Mar 13 2009
a(23)-a(24) from Shyam Sunder Gupta, Oct 05 2013
Missing a(0) inserted by Chai Wah Wu, Nov 21 2021
a(25)-a(26) from Shyam Sunder Gupta, Dec 19 2024

A040025 a(n) is the number of prime palindromes with 2n+1 digits.

Original entry on oeis.org

4, 15, 93, 668, 5172, 42042, 353701, 3036643, 27045226, 239093865, 2158090933, 19742800564, 180815391365

Offset: 0

Patrick De Geest

			a(1)=15 because Number of prime palindromes with 3 digits is 15. [_Shyam Sunder Gupta_, Mar 14 2009]

Shyam Sunder Gupta, Palindromic Primes up to 10^19.
Shyam Sunder Gupta, Palindromic Primes up to 10^21.
Shyam Sunder Gupta, Palindromic Primes up to 10^23.
Shyam Sunder Gupta, Palindromic Primes up to 10^25.

Subsequence of A016115, which is the main entry.

a(n) = {my(nb = 0); forprime(p=10^(2*n), 10^(2*n+1)-1, if (eval(concat(Vecrev(Str(p)))) == p, nb++);); nb;} \\ Michel Marcus, Jul 24 2015

from sympy import isprime
from itertools import product
def candidate_pals(n): # of length 2n + 1
  if n == 0: yield from [2, 3, 5, 7]; return # one-digit primes
  for rightbutend in product("0123456789", repeat=n-1):
    rightbutend = "".join(rightbutend)
    for end in "1379": # multi-digit primes must end in 1, 3, 7, or 9
      left = end + rightbutend[::-1]
      for mid in "0123456789": yield int(left + mid + rightbutend + end)
def a(n): return sum(isprime(p) for p in candidate_pals(n))
print([a(n) for n in range(6)]) # Michael S. Branicky, Apr 15 2021

a(9) from Shyam Sunder Gupta, Feb 12 2006
a(10) from Shyam Sunder Gupta, Mar 14 2009
a(11) from Shyam Sunder Gupta, Oct 05 2013
a(12) from Shyam Sunder Gupta, Dec 19 2024

cp's OEIS Frontend

A002385 Palindromic primes: prime numbers whose decimal expansion is a palindrome.

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A050683 Number of nonzero palindromes of length n.

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A070252 Number of n-digit palindromes.

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A050251 Number of palindromic primes less than 10^n.

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A040025 a(n) is the number of prime palindromes with 2n+1 digits.

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A256623 Number of distinct n-digit patterns in base 10 such that the pattern and its reverse are prime.

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