cp's OEIS Frontend

This is a front-end for the Online Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, made by Christian Perfect. The idea is to provide OEIS entries in non-ancient HTML, and then to think about how they're presented visually. The source code is on GitHub.

Showing 1-10 of 10 results.

A001550 a(n) = 1^n + 2^n + 3^n.

Original entry on oeis.org

3, 6, 14, 36, 98, 276, 794, 2316, 6818, 20196, 60074, 179196, 535538, 1602516, 4799354, 14381676, 43112258, 129271236, 387682634, 1162785756, 3487832978, 10462450356, 31385253914, 94151567436, 282446313698, 847322163876
Offset: 0

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Author

Keywords

Comments

a(n)*(-1)^n, n>=0, gives the z-sequence for the Sheffer triangle A049458 ((signed) 3-restricted Stirling1 numbers), which is the inverse triangle of A143495 with offset [0,0] (3-restricted Stirling2 numbers). See the W. Lang link under A006232 for a- and z-sequences for Sheffer matrices. The a-sequence for each (signed) r-restricted Stirling1 Sheffer triangle is A027641/A027642 (Bernoulli numbers). - Wolfdieter Lang, Oct 10 2011

References

  • M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions, National Bureau of Standards Applied Math. Series 55, 1964 (and various reprintings), p. 813.
  • N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
  • N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Crossrefs

Programs

  • Haskell
    a001550 n = sum $ map (^ n) [1..3]  -- Reinhard Zumkeller, Mar 01 2012
    
  • Magma
    [1^n + 2^n + 3^n : n in [0..30]]; // Wesley Ivan Hurt, Jun 25 2020
    
  • Maple
    A001550:=-(3-12*z+11*z^2)/(z-1)/(3*z-1)/(2*z-1); # Simon Plouffe in his 1992 dissertation.
  • Mathematica
    Table[1^n + 2^n + 3^n, {n, 0, 30}]
    CoefficientList[Series[(3-12x+11x^2)/(1-6x+11x^2-6x^3),{x,0,30}],x] (* or *) LinearRecurrence[{6,-11,6},{3,6,14},31] (* Harvey P. Dale, Apr 30 2011 *)
    Total[Range[3]^#]&/@Range[0,30] (* Harvey P. Dale, Sep 23 2019 *)
  • PARI
    a(n)=1+2^n+3^n \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Jun 10 2011
    
  • Python
    def A001550(n): return 3**n+(1<Chai Wah Wu, Nov 01 2024

Formula

From Michael Somos: (Start)
G.f.: (3 -12*x +11*x^2)/(1 -6*x +11*x^2 -6*x^3).
a(n) = 5*a(n-1) - 6*a(n-2) + 2. (End)
E.g.f.: exp(x) + exp(2*x) + exp(3*x). - Mohammad K. Azarian, Dec 26 2008
a(0)=3, a(1)=6, a(2)=14, a(n) = 6*a(n-1) - 11*a(n-2) + 6*a(n-3). - Harvey P. Dale, Apr 30 2011
a(n) = A007689(n) + 1. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Mar 01 2012
From Kai Wang, May 18 2020: (Start)
a(n) = 3*A000392(n+3) - 12*A000392(n+2) + 11*A000392(n+1).
A000392(n) = (3*a(n+1) - 12*a(n) + 10*a(n-1))/2. (End)

Extensions

Additional terms from Michael Somos
Attribute "conjectured" removed from Simon Plouffe's g.f. by R. J. Mathar, Mar 11 2009

A001715 a(n) = n!/6.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 4, 20, 120, 840, 6720, 60480, 604800, 6652800, 79833600, 1037836800, 14529715200, 217945728000, 3487131648000, 59281238016000, 1067062284288000, 20274183401472000, 405483668029440000, 8515157028618240000, 187333454629601280000, 4308669456480829440000
Offset: 3

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Author

Keywords

Comments

The numbers (4, 20, 120, 840, 6720, ...) arise from the divisor values in the general formula a(n) = n*(n+1)*(n+2)*(n+3)* ... *(n+k)*(n*(n+k) + (k-1)*k/6)/((k+3)!/6) (which covers the following sequences: A000578, A000537, A024166, A101094, A101097, A101102). - Alexander R. Povolotsky, May 17 2008
a(n) is also the number of decreasing 3-cycles in the decomposition of permutations as product of disjoint cycles, a(3)=1, a(4)=4, a(5)=20. - Wenjin Woan, Dec 21 2008
Equals eigensequence of triangle A130128 reflected. - Gary W. Adamson, Dec 23 2008
a(n) is the number of n-permutations having 1, 2, and 3 in three distinct cycles. - Geoffrey Critzer, Apr 26 2009
From Johannes W. Meijer, Oct 20 2009: (Start)
The asymptotic expansion of the higher order exponential integral E(x,m=1,n=4) ~ exp(-x)/x*(1 - 4/x + 20/x^2 - 120/x^3 + 840/x^4 - 6720/x^5 + 60480/x^6 - 604800/x^7 + ...) leads to the sequence given above. See A163931 and A130534 for more information.
(End)

References

  • N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
  • N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Crossrefs

Programs

Formula

a(n) = A049352(n-2, 1) (first column of triangle).
E.g.f. if offset 0: 1/(1-x)^4.
a(n) = A173333(n,3). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Feb 19 2010
G.f.: G(0)/2, where G(k) = 1 + 1/(1 - x/(x + 1/(k+4)/G(k+1))); (continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Jun 01 2013
G.f.: W(0), where W(k) = 1 - x*(k+4)/( x*(k+4) - 1/(1 - x*(k+1)/( x*(k+1) - 1/W(k+1) ))); (continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Aug 26 2013
a(n) = A245334(n,n-3) / 4. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Aug 31 2014
From Peter Bala, May 22 2017: (Start)
The o.g.f. A(x) satisfies the Riccati equation x^2*A'(x) + (4*x - 1)*A(x) + 1 = 0.
G.f. as an S-fraction: A(x) = 1/(1 - 4*x/(1 - x/(1 - 5*x/(1 - 2*x/(1 - 6*x/(1 - 3*x/(1 - ... - (n + 3)*x/(1 - n*x/(1 - ... ))))))))) (apply Stokes, 1982).
A(x) = 1/(1 - 3*x - x/(1 - 4*x/(1 - 2*x/(1 - 5*x/(1 - 3*x/(1 - 6*x/(1 - ... - n*x/(1 - (n+3)*x/(1 - ... ))))))))). (End)
H(x) = (1 - (1 + x)^(-3)) / 3 = x - 4 x^2/2! + 20 x^3/3! - ... is an e.g.f. of the signed sequence (n!/4!), which is the compositional inverse of G(x) = (1 - 3*x)^(-1/3) - 1, an e.g.f. for A007559. Cf. A094638, A001710 (for n!/2!), and A001720 (for n!/4!). Cf. columns of A094587, A173333, and A213936 and rows of A138533.- Tom Copeland, Dec 27 2019
E.g.f.: x^3 / (3! * (1 - x)). - Ilya Gutkovskiy, Jul 09 2021
From Amiram Eldar, Jan 15 2023: (Start)
Sum_{n>=3} 1/a(n) = 6*e - 15.
Sum_{n>=3} (-1)^(n+1)/a(n) = 3 - 6/e. (End)

Extensions

More terms from Harvey P. Dale, Aug 12 2012

A143495 Triangle read by rows: 3-Stirling numbers of the second kind.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 3, 1, 9, 7, 1, 27, 37, 12, 1, 81, 175, 97, 18, 1, 243, 781, 660, 205, 25, 1, 729, 3367, 4081, 1890, 380, 33, 1, 2187, 14197, 23772, 15421, 4550, 644, 42, 1, 6561, 58975, 133057, 116298, 47271, 9702, 1022, 52, 1, 19683, 242461, 724260, 830845, 447195
Offset: 3

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Author

Peter Bala, Aug 20 2008

Keywords

Comments

This is the case r = 3 of the r-Stirling numbers of the second kind. The 3-Stirling numbers of the second kind give the number of ways of partitioning the set {1,2,...,n} into k nonempty disjoint subsets with the restriction that the elements 1, 2 and 3 belong to distinct subsets. For remarks on the general case see A143494 (r = 2). The corresponding array of 3-Stirling numbers of the first kind is A143492. The theory of r-Stirling numbers of both kinds is developed in [Broder]. For 3-Lah numbers refer to A143498.
From Peter Bala, Sep 19 2008: (Start)
Let D be the derivative operator d/dx and E the Euler operator x*d/dx. Then x^(-3)*E^n*x^3 = Sum_{k = 0..n} T(n+3,k+3)*x^k*D^k.
The row generating polynomials R_n(x) := Sum_{k= 3..n} T(n,k)*x^k satisfy the recurrence R_(n+1)(x) = x*R_n(x) + x*d/dx(R_n(x)) with R_3(x) = x^3. It follows that the polynomials R_n(x) have only real zeros (apply Corollary 1.2. of [Liu and Wang]).
Relation with the 3-Eulerian numbers E_3(n,j) := A144697(n,j): T(n,k) = (3!/k!)*Sum_{j = n-k..n-3} E_3(n,j)*binomial(j,n-k) for n >= k >= 3.
(End)
T(n,k) = S(n,k,3), n>=k>=3, in Mikhailov's first paper, eq.(28) or (A3). E.g.f. column k from (A20) with k->3, r->k. Therefore, with offset [0,0], this triangle is the Sheffer triangle (exp(3*x),exp(x)-1) with e.g.f. of column no. m>=0: exp(3*x)*((exp(x)-1)^m)/m!. See one of the formulas given below. For Sheffer matrices see the W. Lang link under A006232 with the S. Roman reference, also found in A132393. - Wolfdieter Lang, Sep 29 2011

Examples

			Triangle begins
  n\k|....3....4....5....6....7....8
  ==================================
  3..|....1
  4..|....3....1
  5..|....9....7....1
  6..|...27...37...12....1
  7..|...81..175...97...18....1
  8..|..243..781..660..205...25....1
  ...
T(5,4) = 7. The set {1,2,3,4,5} can be partitioned into four subsets such that 1, 2 and 3 belong to different subsets in 7 ways: {{1}{2}{3}{4,5}}, {{1}{2}{5}{3,4}}, {{1}{2}{4}{3,5}}, {{1}{3}{4}{2,5}}, {{1}{3}{5}{2,4}}, {{2}{3}{4}{1,5}} and {{2}{3}{5}{1,4}}.
From _Peter Bala_, Feb 23 2025: (Start)
The array factorizes as
/ 1               \       /1             \ /1             \ /1            \
| 3    1           |     | 3   1          ||0  1           ||0  1          |
| 9    7   1       |  =  | 9   4   1      ||0  3   1       ||0  0  1       | ...
|27   37  12   1   |     |27  13   5  1   ||0  9   4  1    ||0  0  3  1    |
|81  175  97  18  1|     |81  40  18  6  1||0 27  13  5  1 ||0  0  9  4  1 |
|...               |     |...             ||...            ||...           |
where, in the infinite product on the right-hand side, the first array is the Riordan array (1/(1 - 3*x), x/(1 - x)). See A106516. (End)
		

Crossrefs

Cf. A005061 (column 4), A005494 (row sums), A008277, A016753 (column 5), A028025 (column 6), A049458 (matrix inverse), A106516, A143492, A143494, A143496, A143498.

Programs

  • Maple
    A143495 := (n, k) -> (1/(k-3)!)*add((-1)^(k-i-1)*binomial(k-3,i)*(i+3)^(n-3), i = 0..k-3): for n from 3 to 12 do seq(A143495(n, k), k = 3..n) end do;
  • Mathematica
    nmax = 12; t[n_, k_] := 1/(k-3)!* Sum[ (-1)^(k-j-1)*Binomial[k-3, j]*(j+3)^(n-3), {j, 0, k-3}]; Flatten[ Table[ t[n, k], {n, 3, nmax}, {k, 3, n}]] (* Jean-François Alcover, Dec 07 2011, after Maple *)
  • Sage
    @CachedFunction
    def stirling2r(n, k, r) :
        if n < r: return 0
        if n == r: return 1 if k == r else 0
        return stirling2r(n-1, k-1, r) + k*stirling2r(n-1, k, r)
    A143495 = lambda n, k: stirling2r(n, k, 3)
    for n in (3..8): [A143495(n, k) for k in (3..n)] # Peter Luschny, Nov 19 2012

Formula

T(n+3,k+3) = (1/k!)*Sum_{i = 0..k} (-1)^(k-i)*binomial(k,i)*(i+3)^n, n,k >= 0.
T(n,k) = Stirling2(n,k) - 3*Stirling2(n-1,k) + 2*Stirling2(n-2,k), n,k >= 3.
Recurrence relation: T(n,k) = T(n-1,k-1) + k*T(n-1,k) for n > 3, with boundary conditions: T(n,2) = T(2,n) = 0 for all n; T(3,3) = 1; T(3,k) = 0 for k > 3.
Special cases: T(n,3) = 3^(n-3); T(n,4) = 4^(n-3) - 3^(n-3).
E.g.f. (k+3) column (with offset 3): (1/k!)*exp(3x)*(exp(x)-1)^k.
O.g.f. k-th column: Sum_{n >= k} T(n,k)*x^n = x^k/((1-3*x)*(1-4*x)*...*(1-k*x)).
E.g.f.: exp(3*t + x*(exp(t)-1)) = Sum_{n >= 0} Sum_{k = 0..n} T(n+3,k+3)*x^k*t^n/n! = Sum_{n >= 0} B_n(3;x)*t^n/n! = 1 + (3+x)*t/1! + (9+7*x+x^2)*t^2/2! + ..., where the row polynomials, B_n(3;x) := Sum_{k = 0..n} T(n+3,k+3)*x^k, may be called the 3-Bell polynomials.
Dobinski-type identities: Row polynomial B_n(3;x) = exp(-x)*Sum_{i >= 0} (i+3)^n*x^i/i!; Sum_{k = 0..n} k!*T(n+3,k+3)*x^k = Sum_{i >= 0} (i+3)^n*x^i/(1+x)^(i+1).
The T(n,k) are the connection coefficients between the falling factorials and the shifted monomials (x+3)^(n-3). For example, 9 + 7*x + x*(x-1) = (x+3)^2 and 27 + 37*x + 12x*(x-1) + x*(x-1)*(x-2) = (x+3)^3.
This array is the matrix product P^2 * S, where P denotes Pascal's triangle, A007318 and S denotes the lower triangular array of Stirling numbers of the second kind, A008277 (apply Theorem 10 of [Neuwirth]). The inverse array is A049458, the signed 3-Stirling numbers of the first kind.

A094645 Triangle of generalized Stirling numbers of the first kind.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, -1, 1, 0, -1, 1, 0, -1, 0, 1, 0, -2, -1, 2, 1, 0, -6, -5, 5, 5, 1, 0, -24, -26, 15, 25, 9, 1, 0, -120, -154, 49, 140, 70, 14, 1, 0, -720, -1044, 140, 889, 560, 154, 20, 1, 0, -5040, -8028, -64, 6363, 4809, 1638, 294, 27, 1, 0, -40320, -69264, -8540, 50840, 44835, 17913, 3990, 510, 35, 1
Offset: 0

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Author

Vladeta Jovovic, May 17 2004

Keywords

Comments

From Wolfdieter Lang, Jun 20 2011: (Start)
The row polynomials s(n,x) := Sum_{j=0..n} T(n,k)*x^k satisfy risefac(x-1,n) = s(n,x), with the rising factorials risefac(x-1,n) := Product_{j=0..n-1} (x-1+j), n >= 1, risefac(x-1,0) = 1. Compare with the formula risefac(x,n) = s1(n,x), with the row polynomials s1(n,x) of A132393 (unsigned Stirling1).
This is the lower triangular Sheffer array with e.g.f.
T(x,z) = (1-z)*exp(-x*log(1-z)) (the rewritten e.g.f. from the formula section). See the W. Lang link under A006232 for Sheffer matrices and the Roman reference. In the notation which indicates the column e.g.f.s this is Sheffer (1-z,-log(1-z)). In the umbral notation (cf. Roman) this is called Sheffer for (exp(t),1-exp(-t)).
The row polynomials satisfy s(n,x) = (x+n-1)*s(n-1,x), s(0,x)=1, and s(n,x) = (x-1)*s1(n-1,x), n >= 1, s1(0,x) = 1, with the unsigned Stirling1 row polynomials s1(n,x).
The row polynomials also satisfy
s(n,x) - s(n,x-1) = n*s(n-1,x), n > 1, s(0,x) = 1
(from the Meixner identity, see the Meixner reference given at A060338).
The row polynomials satisfy as well (from corollary 3.7.2. p. 50 of the Roman reference)
s(n,x) = (x-1)*s(n-1,x+1), n >= 1, s(0,n) = 1.
The exponential convolution identity is
s(n,x+y) = Sum_{k=0..n} binomial(n,k)*s(k,y)*s1(n-k,x),
n >= 0, with symmetry x <-> y.
The row sums are 1 for n=0 and 0 otherwise, and the alternating row sums are 1,-2,2, followed by zeros, with e.g.f. (1-x)^2.
The Sheffer a-sequence Sha(n) = A164555(n)/A027642(n) with e.g.f. x/(1-exp(-x)), and the z-sequence is Shz(n) = -1 with e.g.f. -exp(x).
The inverse Sheffer matrix is ((-1)^(n-k))*A105794(n,k) with e.g.f. exp(z)*exp(x*(1-exp(-z))). (End)
Triangle T(n,k), read by rows, given by (-1, 1, 0, 2, 1, 3, 2, 4, 3, 5, ...) DELTA (1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, ...) where DELTA is the operator defined in A084938. - Philippe Deléham, Jan 16 2012
Also coefficients of t in t*(t-1)*Sum[(-1)^(n+m) t^(m-1) StirlingS1[n,m], {m,n}] in which setting t^k equal to k gives n!, from this follows that the dot product of row n with [0,...,n] equals (n-1)!. - Wouter Meeussen, May 15 2012

Examples

			Triangle begins
   1;
  -1,   1;
   0,  -1,   1;
   0,  -1,   0,   1;
   0,  -2,  -1,   2,   1;
   0,  -6,  -5,   5,   5,   1;
   0, -24, -26,  15,  25,   9,   1;
   ...
Recurrence:
  -2 = T(4,1) = T(3,0) + (4-2)*T(3,1) = 0 + 2*(-1).
Row polynomials:
  s(3,x) = -x+x^3 = (x-1)*s1(2,x) = (x-1)*(x+x^2).
  s(3,x) = (x-1)*s(2,x+1) = (x-1)*(-(x+1)+(x+1)^2).
  s(3,x) - s(3,x-1) = -x+x^3 -(-(x-1)+(x-1)^3) = 3*(-x+x^2) = 3*s(2,x).
		

References

  • S. Roman, The Umbral Calculus, Academic Press, New York, 1984.

Crossrefs

Programs

Formula

E.g.f.: (1-y)^(1-x).
Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*x^k = A000007(n), A000142(n), A000142(n+1), A001710(n+2), A001715(n+3), A001720(n+4), A001725(n+5), A001730(n+6), A049388(n), A049389(n), A049398(n), A051431(n) for x = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 respectively. - Philippe Deléham, Nov 13 2007
If we define f(n,i,a) = Sum_{k=0..n-i} binomial(n,k)*Stirling1(n-k,i)*Product_{j=0..k-1} (-a-j), then |T(n,i)| = |f(n,i,-1)|, for n=1,2,...; i=0..n. - Milan Janjic, Dec 21 2008
From Wolfdieter Lang, Jun 20 2011: (Start)
T(n,k) = |S1(n-1,k-1)| - |S1(n-1,k)|, n >= 1, k >= 1, with |S1(n,k)| = A132393(n,k) (unsigned Stirling1).
Recurrence: T(n,k) = T(n-1,k-1) + (n-2)*T(n-1,k) if n >= k >= 0; T(n,k) = 0 if n < k; T(n,-1) = 0; T(0,0) = 1.
E.g.f. column k: (1-x)*((-log(1-x))^k)/k!. (End)
T(n,k) = Sum_{i=0..n} binomial(n,i)*(n-i)!*Stirling1(i,k)*TC(m,n,i) where TC(m,n,k) = Sum_{i=0..n-k} binomial(n+1,n-k-i)*Stirling2(i+m+1,i+1)*(-1)^i, m = 1 for n >= 0. See A130534, A370518 for m=0 and m=2. - Igor Victorovich Statsenko, Feb 27 2024

A049459 Generalized Stirling number triangle of first kind.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, -4, 1, 20, -9, 1, -120, 74, -15, 1, 840, -638, 179, -22, 1, -6720, 5944, -2070, 355, -30, 1, 60480, -60216, 24574, -5265, 625, -39, 1, -604800, 662640, -305956, 77224, -11515, 1015, -49, 1, 6652800, -7893840, 4028156, -1155420, 203889
Offset: 0

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Author

Keywords

Comments

a(n,m)= ^4P_n^m in the notation of the given reference with a(0,0) := 1.
The monic row polynomials s(n,x) := sum(a(n,m)*x^m,m=0..n) which are s(n,x)= product(x-(4+k),k=0..n-1), n >= 1 and s(0,x)=1 satisfy s(n,x+y) = sum(binomial(n,k)*s(k,x)*S1(n-k,y),k=0..n), with the Stirling1 polynomials S1(n,x)=sum(A008275(n,m)*x^m, m=1..n) and S1(0,x)=1.
In the umbral calculus (see the S. Roman reference given in A048854) the s(n,x) polynomials are called Sheffer for (exp(4*t),exp(t)-1).
See A143493 for the unsigned version of this array and A143496 for the inverse. - Peter Bala, Aug 25 2008

Examples

			   1;
  -4,    1;
  20,   -9,   1;
-120,   74, -15,   1;
840, -638, 179, -22, 1;
		

References

  • Mitrinovic, D. S.; Mitrinovic, R. S.; Tableaux d'une classe de nombres relies aux nombres de Stirling. Univ. Beograd. Pubi. Elektrotehn. Fak. Ser. Mat. Fiz. No. 77 1962, 77 pp.

Crossrefs

Unsigned column sequences are: A001715-A001719. Cf. A008275 (Stirling1 triangle), A049458, A049460. Row sums (signed triangle): A001710(n+2)*(-1)^n. Row sums (unsigned triangle): A001720(n+4).
A143493, A143496. - Peter Bala, Aug 25 2008

Programs

  • Haskell
    a049459 n k = a049459_tabl !! n !! k
    a049459_row n = a049459_tabl !! n
    a049459_tabl = map fst $ iterate (\(row, i) ->
       (zipWith (-) ([0] ++ row) $ map (* i) (row ++ [0]), i + 1)) ([1], 4)
    -- Reinhard Zumkeller, Mar 11 2014
  • Maple
    A049459_row := n -> seq((-1)^(n-k)*coeff(expand(pochhammer(x+4, n)), x, k), k=0..n): seq(print(A049459_row(n)),n=0..8); # Peter Luschny, May 16 2013
  • Mathematica
    a[n_, m_] /; 0 <= m <= n := a[n, m] = a[n-1, m-1] - (n+3)*a[n-1, m];
    a[n_, m_] /; n < m = 0;
    a[_, -1] = 0; a[0, 0] = 1;
    Table[a[n, m], {n, 0, 10}, {m, 0, n}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Jun 19 2018 *)

Formula

a(n, m)= a(n-1, m-1) - (n+3)*a(n-1, m), n >= m >= 0; a(n, m) := 0, n
Triangle (signed) = [ -4, -1, -5, -2, -6, -3, -7, -4, -8, ...] DELTA [1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, ...]; triangle (unsigned) = [4, 1, 5, 2, 6, 3, 7, 4, 8, 5, ...] DELTA [1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, ...]; where DELTA is Deléham's operator defined in A084938 (unsigned version in A143493).
If we define f(n,i,a)=sum(binomial(n,k)*stirling1(n-k,i)*product(-a-j,j=0..k-1),k=0..n-i), then T(n,i) = f(n,i,4), for n=1,2,...;i=0...n. - Milan Janjic, Dec 21 2008

Extensions

Second formula corrected by Philippe Deléham, Nov 09 2008

A143492 Unsigned 3-Stirling numbers of the first kind.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 3, 1, 12, 7, 1, 60, 47, 12, 1, 360, 342, 119, 18, 1, 2520, 2754, 1175, 245, 25, 1, 20160, 24552, 12154, 3135, 445, 33, 1, 181440, 241128, 133938, 40369, 7140, 742, 42, 1, 1814400, 2592720, 1580508, 537628, 111769, 14560, 1162, 52, 1, 19958400
Offset: 3

Author

Peter Bala, Aug 20 2008

Keywords

Comments

See A049458 for a signed version of this array. The unsigned 3-Stirling numbers of the first kind count the permutations of the set {1,2,...,n} into k disjoint cycles, with the restriction that the elements 1, 2 and 3 belong to distinct cycles. This is the case r = 3 of the unsigned r-Stirling numbers of the first kind. For other cases see abs(A008275) (r = 1), A143491 (r = 2) and A143493 (r = 4). See A143495 for the corresponding 3-Stirling numbers of the second kind. The theory of r-Stirling numbers of both kinds is developed in [Broder]. For details of the related 3-Lah numbers see A143498.
With offset n=0 and k=0, this is the Sheffer triangle (1/(1-x)^3, -log(1-x)) (in the umbral notation of S. Roman's book this would be called Sheffer for (exp(-3*t), 1-exp(-t))). See the e.g.f given below. Compare also with the e.g.f. for the signed version A049458. - Wolfdieter Lang, Oct 10 2011
With offset n=0 and k=0 : triangle T(n,k), read by rows, given by (3,1,4,2,5,3,6,4,7,5,8,6,...) DELTA (1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,0,1,...) where DELTA is the operator defined in A084938. - Philippe Deléham, Oct 31 2011

Examples

			Triangle begins
n\k|.....3.....4.....5.....6.....7.....8
========================================
3..|.....1
4..|.....3.....1
5..|....12.....7.....1
6..|....60....47....12.....1
7..|...360...342...119....18.....1
8..|..2520..2754..1175...245....25.....1
...
T(5,4) = 7. The permutations of {1,2,3,4,5} with 4 cycles such that 1, 2 and 3 belong to different cycles are: (14)(2)(3)(5), (15)(2)(3)(4), (24)(1)(3)(5), (25)(1)(3)(4), (34)(1)(2)(5), (35)(1)(2)(4) and (45)(1)(2)(3).
		

Crossrefs

Cf. A001710 - A001714 (column 3 - column 7), A001715 (row sums), A008275, A049458 (signed version), A143491, A143493, A143495, A143498.

Programs

  • Maple
    with combinat: T := (n, k) -> (n-3)! * add(binomial(n-j-1,2)*abs(stirling1(j,k-3))/j!,j = k-3..n-3): for n from 3 to 12 do seq(T(n, k), k = 3..n) end do;

Formula

T(n,k) = (n-3)! * Sum_{j = k-3 .. n-3} C(n-j-1,2)*|Stirling1(j,k-3)|/j!.
Recurrence relation: T(n,k) = T(n-1,k-1) + (n-1)*T(n-1,k) for n > 3, with boundary conditions: T(n,2) = T(2,n) = 0, for all n; T(3,3) = 1; T(3,k) = 0 for k > 3.
Special cases:
T(n,3) = (n-1)!/2! for n >= 3.
T(n,4) = (n-1)!/2!*(1/3 + ... + 1/(n-1)) for n >= 3.
T(n,k) = Sum_{3 <= i_1 < ... < i_(n-k) < n} (i_1*i_2* ...*i_(n-k)). For example, T(6,4) = Sum_{3 <= i < j < 6} (i*j) = 3*4 + 3*5 + 4*5 = 47.
Row g.f.: Sum_{k = 3..n} T(n,k)*x^k = x^3*(x+3)*(x+4)* ... *(x+n-1).
E.g.f. for column (k+3): Sum_{n = k..inf} T(n+3,k+3)*x^n/n! = 1/k!*1/(1-x)^3 * (log(1/(1-x)))^k.
E.g.f.: (1/(1-t))^(x+3) = Sum_{n = 0..inf} Sum_{k = 0..n} T(n+3,k+3)*x^k*t^n/n! = 1 + (3+x)*t/1! + (12+7*x+x^2)*t^2/2! + ....
This array is the matrix product St1 * P^2, where St1 denotes the lower triangular array of unsigned Stirling numbers of the first kind, abs(A008275) and P denotes Pascal's triangle, A007318. The row sums are n!/3! ( A001715 ). The alternating row sums are (n-2)!.
If we define f(n,i,a) = sum(binomial(n,k)*Stirling1(n-k,i)*product(-a-j,j=0..k-1),k=0..n-i), then T(n,i) = |f(n,i,3)|, for n=1,2,...;i=0...n. - Milan Janjic, Dec 21 2008

A051523 Generalized Stirling number triangle of first kind.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, -10, 1, 110, -21, 1, -1320, 362, -33, 1, 17160, -6026, 791, -46, 1, -240240, 101524, -17100, 1435, -60, 1, 3603600, -1763100, 358024, -38625, 2335, -75, 1, -57657600, 31813200, -7491484, 976024, -75985, 3535, -91, 1, 980179200, -598482000, 159168428, -24083892, 2267769, -136080, 5082, -108, 1
Offset: 0

Keywords

Comments

a(n,m)= ^10P_n^m in the notation of the given reference with a(0,0) := 1. The monic row polynomials s(n,x) := sum(a(n,m)*x^m,m=0..n) which are s(n,x)= product(x-(10+k),k=0..n-1), n >= 1 and s(0,x)=1 satisfy s(n,x+y) = sum(binomial(n,k)*s(k,x)*S1(n-k,y),k=0..n), with the Stirling1 polynomials S1(n,x)=sum(A008275(n,m)*x^m, m=1..n) and S1(0,x)=1. In the umbral calculus (see the S. Roman reference given in A048854) the s(n,x) polynomials are called Sheffer for (exp(10*t),exp(t)-1).

Examples

			{1}; {-10,1}; {110,-21,1}; {-1320,362,-331}; ... s(2,x)= 110-21*x+x^2; S1(2,x)= -x+x^2 (Stirling1).
		

Crossrefs

The first (m=0) unsigned column sequence is A049398. Row sums (signed triangle): A049389(n)*(-1)^n. Row sums (unsigned triangle): A051431(n).

Programs

  • Haskell
    a051523 n k = a051523_tabl !! n !! k
    a051523_row n = a051523_tabl !! n
    a051523_tabl = map fst $ iterate (\(row, i) ->
       (zipWith (-) ([0] ++ row) $ map (* i) (row ++ [0]), i + 1)) ([1], 10)
    -- Reinhard Zumkeller, Mar 12 2014
  • Mathematica
    a[n_, m_] := Pochhammer[m + 1, n - m] SeriesCoefficient[Log[1 + x]^m/(1 + x)^10, {x, 0, n}];
    Table[a[n, m], {n, 0, 8}, {m, 0, n}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Oct 29 2019 *)

Formula

a(n, m)= a(n-1, m-1) - (n+9)*a(n-1, m), n >= m >= 0; a(n, m) := 0, n
E.g.f. for m-th column of signed triangle: ((log(1+x))^m)/(m!*(1+x)^10).
Triangle (signed) = [ -10, -1, -11, -2, -12, -3, -13, -14, -4, ...] DELTA A000035; triangle (unsigned) = [10, 1, 11, 2, 12, 3, 13, 4, 14, 5, 15, ...] DELTA A000035; where DELTA is Deléham's operator defined in A084938.
If we define f(n,i,a)=sum(binomial(n,k)*stirling1(n-k,i)*product(-a-j,j=0..k-1),k=0..n-i), then T(n,i) = f(n,i,10), for n=1,2,...;i=0...n. - Milan Janjic, Dec 21 2008

A094646 Generalized Stirling number triangle of first kind.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, -2, 1, 2, -3, 1, 0, 2, -3, 1, 0, 2, -1, -2, 1, 0, 4, 0, -5, 0, 1, 0, 12, 4, -15, -5, 3, 1, 0, 48, 28, -56, -35, 7, 7, 1, 0, 240, 188, -252, -231, 0, 42, 12, 1, 0, 1440, 1368, -1324, -1638, -231, 252, 114, 18, 1, 0, 10080, 11016, -7900, -12790, -3255, 1533, 1050, 240, 25, 1
Offset: 0

Author

Vladeta Jovovic, May 17 2004

Keywords

Comments

Triangle T(n,k), 0 <= k <= n, read by rows, given by [ -2, 1, -1, 2, 0, 3, 1, 4, 2, 5, ...] DELTA [1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, ...] where DELTA is the operator defined in A084938. - Philippe Deléham, Aug 23 2006
From Wolfdieter Lang, Jun 23 2011: (Start)
The row polynomials s(n,x):=Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*x^k satisfy risefac(x-2,n)=s(n,x), with the rising factorials risefac(x-2,n):=Product_{j=0..n-1} (x-2+j), n >= 1, risefac(x-2,0)=1. Compare this with the formula risefac(x,n)=|S1|(n,x), with the row polynomials |S1|(n,x) of A132393 (unsigned Stirling1).
This is the third triangle of an a-family of Sheffer arrays, call them |S1|(a), with e.g.f. of the row polynomials |S1|(a;x;z) = ((1-z)^a)*exp(-x*log(1-z)). In the notation showing the column e.g.f.s this is Sheffer ((1-z)^a,-log(1-z)). In the umbral notation (see the Roman reference, given under A094645) this is called Sheffer for (exp(a*t),1-exp(-t)). For a=0 this becomes the unsigned Stirling1 triangle |S1|(0) = A132393 with row polynomials |S1|(0;n,x) =: s1(n,x).
E.g.f. column number k (with leading zeros): ((1-x)^a)*((-log(1-x))^k)/k!, k >= 0.
E.g.f. for row sums is (1-x)^(a-1), and the e.g.f. for the alternating row sums is (1-x)^(a+1).
Row polynomial recurrence:
|S1|(a;n,x)=(x+(n-1-a))*|S1|(a;n-1,m), |S1|(a;0,x)=1.
Meixner identity (see the reference under A060338):
|S1|(a;n,x) - |S1|(a;n,x-1) = n*|S1|(a;n-1,x), n >= 1,
Also (from the corollary 3.7.2 on p. 50 of the Roman reference): |S1|(a;n,x) = (x-a)*|S1|(a;n-1,x+1), n >= 1.
Recurrence: |S1|(a;n,k) = |S1|(a;n-1,k-1) + (n-(a+1))*|S1|(a;n-1,k); |S1|(a;n,k)=0 if n < m, |S1|(a;n,-1)=0, |S1|(a;0,0)=1.
Connection to |Stirling1|=|S1|(0):
|S1|(a;n,k) = Sum_{p=0..a} |S1|(a;a,p)*abs(Stirling1(n-a,k-p)), n >= a.
The exponential convolution identity is
|S1|(a;n,x+y) = Sum_{k=0..n} binomial(n,k)*|S1|(a;k,y)*s1(n-k,x), n >= 0, with symmetry x <-> y.
The Sheffer a- and z-sequences are (see the W. Lang link under A006232): Sha(a;n)=A164555(n)/A027642(n) (independent of a) with e.g.f. x/(1-exp(-x)), and the z-sequence has e.g.f. (exp(a*x)-1)/(exp(-x)-1).
The inverse Sheffer matrix has e.g.f. exp(a*z)*exp(x*(1-exp(-z))), in short notation (exp(a*z),1-exp(-z)),
(or in umbral notation ((1-t)^a,-log(1-t))).
(End)

Examples

			Triangle begins
   1;
  -2,  1;
   2, -3,  1;
   0,  2, -3,  1;
   0,  2, -1, -2,  1;
   0,  4,  0, -5,  0,  1;
   ...
risefac(x-2,3) = (x-2)*(x-1)*x = 2*x-3*x^2+x^3.
-1 = T(4,2) = T(3,1) + 1*T(3,2) =  2 + (-3).
T(4,3) = 2*abs(S1(2,3)) - 3*abs(S1(2,2)) + 1*abs(S1(2,1)) = 2*0 - 3*1 + 1*1 = -2.
		

Crossrefs

Programs

  • Maple
    A094646_row := n -> seq((-1)^(n-k)*coeff(expand(pochhammer(x-n+3, n)), x, k), k=0..n): seq(print(A094646_row(n)), n = 0..6); # Peter Luschny, May 16 2013
  • Mathematica
    Flatten[ Table[ CoefficientList[ Pochhammer[x-2, n], x], {n, 0, 10}]] (* Jean-François Alcover, Sep 26 2011 *)

Formula

E.g.f.: (1-y)^(2-x).
Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*x^k = A000007(n), A000142(n), A000142(n+1), A001710(n+2), A001715(n+3), A001720(n+4), A001725(n+5), A001730(n+6), A049388(n), A049389(n), A049398(n), A051431(n) for x = 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 respectively. - Philippe Deléham, Nov 13 2007
If we define f(n,i,a) = Sum_{k=0..n-i} binomial(n,k)*Stirling1(n-k,i)*Product_{j=0..k-1} (-a-j), then |T(n,i)| = |f(n,i,-2)|, for n=1,2,...; i=0..n. - Milan Janjic, Dec 21 2008
From Wolfdieter Lang, Jun 23 2011: (Start)
risefac(x-2,n) = Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*x^k, n >= 0, with the rising factorials (see a comment above).
Recurrence: T(n,k) = T(n-1,k-1) + (n-3)*T(n-1,k); T(n,k)=0 if n < m, T(n,-1)=0, T(0,0)=1.
T(n,k) = 2*abs(S1(n-2,k)) - 3*abs(S1(n-2,k-1)) + abs(S1(n-2,k-2)), n >= 2, with S1(n,k) = Stirling1(n,k) = A048994(n,k).
E.g.f. column number k (with leading zeros):
((1-x)^2)*((-log(1-x))^k)/k!, k >= 0.
E.g.f. for row sums is 1-x, i.e., [1,-1,0,0,...],
and the e.g.f. for the alternating row sums is (1-x)^3. i.e., [1,-3,3,1,0,0,...]. (End)

A087755 Triangle read by rows: Stirling numbers of the first kind (A008275) mod 2.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1
Offset: 1

Author

Philippe Deléham, Oct 02 2003

Keywords

Comments

Essentially also parity of Mitrinovic's triangles A049458, A049460, A051339, A051380.

Examples

			Triangle begins:
1
1 1
0 1 1
0 1 0 1
0 0 1 0 1
0 0 1 1 1 1
0 0 0 1 1 1 1
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
		

References

  • Das, Sajal K., Joydeep Ghosh, and Narsingh Deo. "Stirling networks: a versatile combinatorial topology for multiprocessor systems." Discrete applied mathematics 37 (1992): 119-146. See p. 122. - N. J. A. Sloane, Nov 20 2014

Programs

  • PARI
    p = 2; s=14; S1T = matrix(s,s,n,k, if(k==1,(-1)^(n-1)*(n-1)!)); for(n=2,s,for(k=2,n, S1T[n,k]=-(n-1)*S1T[n-1,k]+S1T[n-1,k-1]));
    S1TMP = matrix(s,s,n,k, S1T[n,k]%p);
    for(n=1,s,for(k=1,n,print1(S1TMP[n,k]," "));print()) /* Gerald McGarvey, Oct 17 2009 */

Formula

T(n, k) = A087748(n, k) = A008275(n, k) mod 2 = A047999([n/2], k-[(n+1)/ 2]) = T(n-2, k-2) XOR T(n-2, k-1) with T(1, 1) = T(2, 1) = T(2, 2) = 1; T(2n, k) = T(2n-1, k-1) XOR T(2n-1, k); T(2n+1, k) = T(2n, k-1). - Henry Bottomley, Dec 01 2003

Extensions

Edited and extended by Henry Bottomley, Dec 01 2003

A087756 a(n) = A087745(n+1).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 3, 3, 5, 5, 15, 15, 17, 17, 51, 51, 85, 85, 255, 255, 257, 257, 771, 771, 1285, 1285, 3855, 3855, 4369, 4369, 13107, 13107, 21845, 21845, 65535, 65535, 65537, 65537, 196611, 196611, 327685, 327685, 983055, 983055, 1114129, 1114129
Offset: 0

Author

Philippe Deléham, Oct 02 2003

Keywords

Comments

Essentially a duplicate of A087745.
Mitrinovic's triangles A049458, A049460, A051339, A051380 and triangle of Stirling numbers of first kind (A008275) mod 2 converted to decimal.
See also A001317 = [1, 3, 5, 15, 17, ...].

Extensions

Edited by Omar E. Pol and N. J. A. Sloane, Dec 26 2008
Showing 1-10 of 10 results.