A056006 -id:A056006 - cp's OEIS frontend

A007691 Multiply-perfect numbers: n divides sigma(n).

1, 6, 28, 120, 496, 672, 8128, 30240, 32760, 523776, 2178540, 23569920, 33550336, 45532800, 142990848, 459818240, 1379454720, 1476304896, 8589869056, 14182439040, 31998395520, 43861478400, 51001180160, 66433720320, 137438691328, 153003540480, 403031236608

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane, Robert G. Wilson v

sigma(n)/n is in A054030.
Also numbers such that the sum of the reciprocals of the divisors is an integer. - Harvey P. Dale, Jul 24 2001
Luca's solution of problem 11090, which proves that for k>1 there are an infinite number of n such that n divides sigma_k(n), does not apply to this sequence. However, it is conjectured that this sequence is also infinite. - T. D. Noe, Nov 04 2007
Numbers k such that sigma(k) is divisible by all divisors of k, subsequence of A166070. - Jaroslav Krizek, Oct 06 2009
A017666(a(n)) = 1. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Apr 06 2012
Bach, Miller, & Shallit show that this sequence can be recognized in polynomial time with arbitrarily small error by a probabilistic Turing machine; that is, this sequence is in BPP. - Charles R Greathouse IV, Jun 21 2013
Conjecture: If n is such that 2^n-1 is in A066175 then a(n) is a triangular number. - Ivan N. Ianakiev, Aug 26 2013
Conjecture: Every multiply-perfect number is practical (A005153). I've verified this conjecture for the first 5261 terms with abundancy > 2 using Achim Flammenkamp's data. The even perfect numbers are easily shown to be practical, but every practical number > 1 is even, so a weak form says every even multiply-perfect number is practical. - Jaycob Coleman, Oct 15 2013
Numbers such that A054024(n) = 0. - Michel Marcus, Nov 16 2013
Numbers n such that k(n) = A229110(n) = antisigma(n) mod n = A024816(n) mod n = A000217(n) mod n = (n(n+1)/2) mod n = A142150(n). k(n) = n/2 for even n; k(n) = 0 for odd n (for number 1 and eventually odd multiply-perfect numbers n > 1). - Jaroslav Krizek, May 28 2014
The only terms m > 1 of this sequence that are not in A145551 are m for which sigma(m)/m is not a divisor of m. Conjecture: after 1, A323653 lists all such m (and no other numbers). - Antti Karttunen, Mar 19 2021

			120 is OK because divisors of 120 are {1,2,3,4,5,6,8,10,12,15,20,24,30,40,60,120}, the sum of which is 360=120*3.

A. H. Beiler, Recreations in the Theory of Numbers, Dover, NY, 1964, p. 22.
J. Roberts, Lure of the Integers, Math. Assoc. America, 1992, p. 176.
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).
I. Stewart, L'univers des nombres, "Les nombres multiparfaits", Chapter 15, pp. 82-88, Belin-Pour La Science, Paris 2000.
James J. Tattersall, Elementary Number Theory in Nine Chapters, Cambridge University Press, 1999, pages 141-148.
David Wells, The Penguin Dictionary of Curious and Interesting Numbers, Penguin Books, 1987, pp. 135-136.

T. D. Noe, Table of n, a(n) for n=1..1600 (using Flammenkamp's data)
Abiodun E. Adeyemi, A Study of @-numbers, arXiv:1906.05798 [math.NT], 2019.
Anonymous, Multiply Perfect Numbers [broken link]
Eric Bach, Gary Miller, and Jeffrey Shallit, Sums of divisors perfect numbers and factoring, SIAM J. Comput. 15:4 (1986), pp. 1143-1154.
Robert D. Carmichael, A table of multiply perfect numbers, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 13 (1907), 383-386.
Farideh Firoozbakht and Maximilian F. Hasler, Variations on Euclid's formula for Perfect Numbers, JIS 13 (2010) #10.3.1.
Achim Flammenkamp, The Multiply Perfect Numbers Page
Luis H. Gallardo and Olivier Rahavandrainy, On (unitary) perfect polynomials over F_2 with only Mersenne primes as odd divisors, arXiv:1908.00106 [math.NT], 2019.
Shyam Sunder Gupta, Perfect, Multiply Perfect, and Sociable Numbers, Exploring the Beauty of Fascinating Numbers, Springer (2025) Ch. 6, 185-207.
Florian Luca and John Ferdinands, Problem 11090: Sometimes n divides sigma_k(n), Amer. Math. Monthly 113:4 (2006), pp. 372-373.
Walter Nissen, Abundancy : Some Resources
Kaitlin Rafferty and Judy Holdener, On the form of perfect and multiperfect numbers, Pi Mu Epsilon Journal, Vol. 13, No. 5 (Fall 2011), pp. 291-298.
Maxie D. Schmidt, Exact Formulas for the Generalized Sum-of-Divisors Functions, arXiv:1705.03488 [math.NT], 2017. See p. 11.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Abundancy
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Hyperperfect Number.
Index entries for sequences where any odd perfect numbers must occur

Complement is A054027. Cf. A000203, A054030.
Cf. A000396, A005820, A027687, A046060, A046061, for subsequences of terms with quotient sigma(n)/n = 2..6.
Other subsequences: A046985, A046986, A046987, A047728, A065997, A066289, (A076231, A076233, A076234), A088844, A088845, A088846, A091443, A114887, A166069, A245782, A260508, A306667, (A325021 U A325022), (A325023 U A325024), (A325025 U A325026), A325637, A323653, A330532, (A330533 U A331724), A336702, A341045.
Subsequence of the following sequences: A011775, A071707, A083865, A089748 (after the initial 1), A102783, A166070, A175200, A225110, A226476, A237719, A245774, A246454, A259307, A263928, A282775, A323652, A336745, A340864. Also conjectured to be a subsequence of A005153, of A307740, and after 1 also of A295078.
Various number-theoretical functions applied to these numbers: A088843 [tau], A098203 [phi], A098204 [gcd(a(n),phi(a(n)))], A134665 [2-adic valuation], A307741 [sigma], A308423 [product of divisors], A320024 [the odd part], A134740 [omega], A342658 [bigomega], A342659 [smallest prime not dividing], A342660 [largest prime divisor].
Positions of ones in A017666, A019294, A094701, A227470, of zeros in A054024, A082901, A173438, A272008, A318996, A326194, A341524. Fixed points of A009194.
Cf. A069926, A330746 (left inverses, when applied to a(n) give n).
Cf. A007358, A189000, A327158, A332318/A332319 (for analogs) and A046762, A046763, A046764, A055715, A056006, A081756, A214842, A227302, A227306, A245775, A300906, A325639 (other variants).
Cf. (other related sequences) A007539, A066135, A066961, A093034, A094467, A134639, A145551, A019278, A194771 [= 2*a(n)], A219545, A229110, A262432, A335830, A336849, A341608.

a007691 n = a007691_list !! (n-1)
a007691_list = filter ((== 1) . a017666) [1..]
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Apr 06 2012

Do[If[Mod[DivisorSigma[1, n], n] == 0, Print[n]], {n, 2, 2*10^11}] (* or *)
Transpose[Select[Table[{n, DivisorSigma[-1, n]}, {n, 100000}], IntegerQ[ #[[2]] ]& ] ][[1]]
(* Third program: *)
Select[Range[10^6], IntegerQ@ DivisorSigma[-1, #] &] (* Michael De Vlieger, Mar 19 2021 *)

for(n=1,1e6,if(sigma(n)%n==0, print1(n", ")))

from sympy import divisor_sigma as sigma
def ok(n): return sigma(n, 1)%n == 0
print([n for n in range(1, 10**4) if ok(n)]) # Michael S. Branicky, Jan 06 2021

More terms from Jud McCranie and then from David W. Wilson.

Incorrect comment removed and the crossrefs-section reorganized by Antti Karttunen, Mar 20 2021

A191363 Numbers m such that sigma(m) = 2*m - 2.

Original entry on oeis.org

3, 10, 136, 32896, 2147516416

Offset: 1

Luis H. Gallardo, May 31 2011

Let k be a nonnegative integer such that F(k) = 2^(2^k) + 1 is prime (a Fermat prime A019434), then m = (F(k)-1)*F(k)/2 appears in the sequence.
Conjecture: a(1)=3 is the only odd term of the sequence.
Conjecture: All terms of the sequence are of the above form derived from Fermat primes.
The sequence has 5 (known) terms in common with sequences A055708 (k-1 | sigma(k)) and A056006 (k | sigma(k)+2) since {a(n)} is a subsequence of both.
The first five terms of the sequence are respectively congruent to 3, 4, 4, 4, 4 modulo 6.
After a(5) there are no further terms < 8*10^9.
Up to m = 1312*10^8 there are no further terms in the class congruent to 4 modulo 6.
a(6) > 10^12. - Donovan Johnson, Dec 08 2011
a(6) > 10^13. - Giovanni Resta, Mar 29 2013
a(6) > 10^18. - Hiroaki Yamanouchi, Aug 21 2018
See A125246 for numbers with deficiency 4, i.e., sigma(m) = 2*m - 4, and A141548 for numbers with deficiency 6. - M. F. Hasler, Jun 29 2016 and Jul 17 2016
A term m of this sequence multiplied by a prime p not dividing it is abundant if and only if p < m-1. For each of a(2..5) there is such a prime near this limit (here: 7, 127, 30197, 2147483647) such that a(k)*p is a primitive weird number, cf. A002975. - M. F. Hasler, Jul 19 2016
Any term m of this sequence can be combined with any term j of A088831 to satisfy the property (sigma(m) + sigma(j))/(m+j) = 2, which is a necessary (but not sufficient) condition for two numbers to be amicable. [Proof: If m = a(n) and j = A088831(k), then sigma(m) = 2m-2 and sigma(j) = 2j+2. Thus, sigma(m) + sigma(j) = (2m-2) + (2j+2) = 2m + 2j = 2(m+j), which implies that (sigma(m) + sigma(j))/(m+j) = 2(m+j)/(m+j) = 2.] - Timothy L. Tiffin, Sep 13 2016
At least the first five terms are a subsequence of A295296 and of A295298. - David A. Corneth, Antti Karttunen, Nov 26 2017
Conjectures: all terms are second hexagonal numbers (A014105). There are no terms with middle divisors. - Omar E. Pol, Oct 31 2018
The symmetric representation of sigma(m) of each of the 5 numbers in the sequence consists of 2 parts of width 1 that meet at the diagonal (subsequence of A246955). - Hartmut F. W. Hoft, Mar 04 2022
The first five terms coincide with the sum of two successive terms of A058891. The same is not true for a(6), if such exists. - Omar E. Pol, Mar 03 2023

			For n=1, a(1) = 3 since sigma(3) = 4 = 2*3 - 2.

Gianluca Amato, Maximilian Hasler, Giuseppe Melfi, and Maurizio Parton, Primitive weird numbers having more than three distinct prime factors, Riv. Mat. Univ. Parma, 7(1), (2016), 153-163, arXiv:1803.00324 [math.NT], 2018.

Cf. A000203, A002975, A056006, A055708, A088831 (abundance 2).
Cf. A033880, A125246 (deficiency 4), A141548 (deficiency 6), A125247 (deficiency 8), A125248 (deficiency 16).
Cf. A295296, A295298.
Cf. A014105, A237593, A246955.
Cf. A058891.

[n: n in [1..9*10^6] | (SumOfDivisors(n)-2*n) eq -2]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Sep 15 2016

ok[n_] := DivisorSigma[1,n] == 2*n-2; Select[ Table[ 2^(2^k-1) * (2^(2^k)+1), {k, 0, 5}], ok] (* Jean-François Alcover, Sep 14 2011, after conjecture *)
Select[Range[10^6], DivisorSigma[1, #] == 2 # - 2 &] (* Michael De Vlieger, Sep 14 2016 *)

zp(a,b) = {my(c,c1,s); c = a; c1 = 2*c-2;
while(c

a(k)=(2^2^k+1)<<(2^k-1) \\ For k<6. - M. F. Hasler, Jul 27 2016

a(n) = (A019434(n)-1)*A019434(n)/2 for all terms known so far. - M. F. Hasler, Jun 29 2016

A055708 Numbers n such that n - 1 | sigma(n).

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 3, 10, 136, 32896, 2147516416

Offset: 1

Robert G. Wilson v, Dec 04 2000

a(7) > 10^13. - Giovanni Resta, Jul 13 2015

Cf. A000203, A045768, A056006.

Do[ If[ Mod[ DivisorSigma[1, n], n - 1] == 0, Print[n] ], {n, 2, 10^8} ]

is(n)=sigma(n)%(n-1)==0 \\ Anders Hellström, Aug 15 2015

a(6) from Donovan Johnson, Nov 15 2009

A162302 Numbers n such that (A000203(n)+28)/n is an integer.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 28, 29, 62, 84, 182, 230, 252, 344, 756, 944, 2268, 6710, 6804, 20264, 20412, 36224, 61236, 183708, 538112, 551124, 1653372, 2085710, 4960116, 14503550, 14880348, 33665024, 44641044, 55328384, 133923132, 134438912, 401769396, 615206030, 1082574464

Offset: 1

Ctibor O. Zizka, Jun 30 2009

nonn

Contains the subset of all n of the form 28*3^k.
Generalized sequences are defined by A*A000203(n)+ B = C*n with A,B,C integers.
Then we get for different settings of A, B, C hyperperfect numbers:
A=1, C=2, B=0 gives A000396. A=1, C=2, B=1 gives A000079.
A=1, C=2, B=2 gives A056006. A=1, C=2, B=4 gives A125246. A=1, C=2, B=6 gives A141548.
A=1, C=2, B=8 gives A125247. A=1, C=2, B=10 gives A101223. A=1, C=2, B=12 gives A141549.
A=1, C=2, B=14 gives A141550. A=1, C=2, B=16 gives A125248. A=1, C=2, B=0 gives A000396.
A=1, C=2, B=0 gives A000396. A=1, C=3, B=0 gives A005820.
Not in the OEIS: A=1, C=3, B=12,18,28,... A=2, C=3, B=21,27,33,45,... A=3, C=4, B=20,...
Terms not of the form 28*3^n: 1, 29, 62, 182, 230, 344, 944, 6710, 20264, 36224, 538112, 2085710, 14503550, 33665024, 55328384, ..., . [Robert G. Wilson v, Sep 05 2010]

Graeme L. Cohen, Herman J. J. te Riele, Iterating the Sum-of-Divisors Function, Experimental Mathematics, Vol.5 (1996), No. 2, pp.91-100.

Cf. A000203, A000396, A000079, A005820, A056006, A125246, A141548, A125247, A101223, A141549, A141550, A125248,

A000203 := proc(n) numtheory[sigma](n) ; end proc:
isA152302 := proc(n) (A000203(n)+28) mod n = 0 ; end proc:
for n from 1 to 1000000 do if isA152302(n) then printf("%d,",n) ; end if ; end do: # R. J. Mathar, Aug 25 2010

fQ[n_] := Divisible[ DivisorSigma[1, n] + 28, n]; lst = {}; k = 1; While[k < 10^9/4, If[ fQ@k, AppendTo[lst, k]; Print@k]; k++ ]; lst (* Robert G. Wilson v, Sep 05 2010 *)

Missing terms (1, 29, 182,..) inserted, 7 terms added, comment corrected - R. J. Mathar, Aug 25 2010
a(22)-a(30) from Robert G. Wilson v, Sep 05 2010
a(31)-a(34) from Donovan Johnson, Nov 03 2011

A298563 Numbers k such that k - 2 | sigma(k).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 3, 5, 6, 14, 44, 110, 152, 884, 2144, 8384, 18632, 116624, 8394752, 15370304, 73995392, 536920064, 2147581952, 34360131584, 27034175140420610, 36028797421617152, 576460753914036224

Offset: 1

Zdenek Cervenka, Jan 21 2018

Similar to A055708.
Sequence includes every number of the form 2^(j-1)*(2^j+3) such that 2^j+3 is prime (i.e., j is a term in A057732); terms of this form are 5, 14, 44, 152, 2144, 8384, 8394752, 536920064, 2147581952, 34360131584, ... - Jon E. Schoenfield, Jan 22 2018
Superset of A125246. - Giovanni Resta, Jan 23 2018
Contains 2 times odd terms of A191363. Also, if m is a term of A056006 and q := (sigma(m) + 2)/m is coprime to m, them q*m is a term. - Max Alekseyev, May 25 2025

			For k=44, sigma(k)/(k-2) = sigma(44)/(44-2) = 84/42 = 2, so 44 belongs to the sequence;
for k=110, sigma(k)/(k-2) = sigma(110)/(110-2) = 216/108 = 2, so 110 is also a term.

Cf. A055708, A057732, A125246.

[n: n in [3..10^7]| DivisorSigma(1, n) mod (n-2) eq 0]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Jan 22 2018

Select[Range[10^6], Divisible[DivisorSigma[1, #], # - 2] &] (* Michael De Vlieger, Jan 21 2018 *)

isok(k) = (k!=2) && !(sigma(k) % (k-2)); \\ Michel Marcus, Jan 22 2018

a(17)-a(18) from Robert G. Wilson v, Jan 21 2018
a(19) from Giovanni Resta, Jan 23 2018
a(20)-a(22) from Max Alekseyev, May 27 2025

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A007691 Multiply-perfect numbers: n divides sigma(n).

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A191363 Numbers m such that sigma(m) = 2*m - 2.

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A055708 Numbers n such that n - 1 | sigma(n).

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A162302 Numbers n such that (A000203(n)+28)/n is an integer.

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A298563 Numbers k such that k - 2 | sigma(k).

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