cp's OEIS Frontend

Number of symmetric positions of non-attacking rooks on upper-diagonal part of 2n X 2n chessboard.

Number of length-n restricted growth strings (RGS) [s(0),s(1),...,s(n-1)] where s(0)=0 and s(k)<=2+max(prefix) for k>=1, see example. - Joerg Arndt, Apr 25 2010

Number of achiral color patterns in a row or loop of length 2n-1. Two color patterns are equivalent if the colors are permuted. - Robert A. Russell, Apr 24 2018

Stirling transform of A005425(n-1) per Knuth reference. - Robert A. Russell, Apr 28 2018

A partition p of the set N_n = {1,2,...,n}, whose elements are arranged in their natural order, is crossing if there exist four numbers 1 <= i < k < j < l <= n such that i and j are in the same block, k and l are in the same block, but i,j and k,l belong to two different blocks. Noncrossing partitions are also called "planar rhyme schemes". - Peter Luschny, Apr 28 2011

Consider a set of A000217(n) balls of n colors in which, for each integer k = 1 to n, exactly one color appears in the set a total of k times. (Each ball has exactly one color and is indistinguishable from other balls of the same color.) a(n+1) equals the number of ways to choose 0 or more balls of each color while satisfying the following conditions:

1. No two colors are chosen the same positive number of times.

2. Among colors chosen at least once, there exists at least one pair of colors (c, d) such that color c is chosen more times than color d, but color d appears more times in the original set than color c.

If the second requirement is removed, the number of acceptable ways to choose equals A000110(n+1). The number of ways that meet the first requirement, but fail to meet the second, equals A000108(n+1). See related comment for A085082. - Matthew Vandermast, Nov 22 2010

In the May 1978 Scientific American, Martin Gardner mentions Lady Murasaki's The Tale of Genji in which chapter heads illustrate A000110(5) = 52. These are the "crossing" cases mentioned there as being discussed by JoAnne Growney's 1970 thesis. - Alford Arnold, expanded by Charles R Greathouse IV, Jun 21 2021

Two color patterns are equivalent if we permute the colors. Achiral color patterns must be equivalent if we reverse the order of the pattern.

Row sums are A000110 (Bell numbers). Second column is A001189 (Degree n permutations of order exactly 2).

From Peter Luschny, Mar 09 2009: (Start)

Partition product of Product_{j=0..n-1} ((k + 1)*j - 1) and n! at k = -1, summed over parts with equal biggest part (see the Luschny link).

Underlying partition triangle is A036040.

Same partition product with length statistic is A008277.

Diagonal a(A000217) = A000012.

Row sum is A000110. (End)

From Gary W. Adamson, Feb 24 2011: (Start)

Construct an array in which the n-th row is the partition function G(n,k), where G(n,1),...,G(n,6) = A000012, A000085, A001680, A001681, A110038, A148092, with the first few rows

1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, ... = A000012

1, 2, 4, 10, 26, 76, 232, ... = A000085

1, 2, 5, 14, 46, 166, 652, ... = A001680

1, 2, 5, 15, 51, 196, 827, ... = A001681

1, 2 5 15 52 202 869, ... = A110038

1, 2, 5 15 52 203 876, ... = A148092

...

Rows tend to A000110, the Bell numbers. Taking finite differences from the top, then reorienting, we obtain triangle A080510.

The n-th row of the array is the eigensequence of an infinite lower triangular matrix with n diagonals of Pascal's triangle starting from the right and the rest zeros. (End)

Previous name was: Sorting numbers.

a(n) = number of symmetric partitions of the set {-n,...,-1,1,...,n}. A partition of {-n,...,-1,1,...,n} into nonempty subsets X_1,...,X_k is 'symmetric' if for each i, -X_i=X_j for some j. a(n) = S_B(n,1)+...+S_B(n,n) where S_B(n,k) is as in A085483. a(n) is the n-th Bell number of 'type B'. - James East, Aug 18 2003

Column 2 of A162663. - Franklin T. Adams-Watters, Jul 09 2009

a(n) is equal to the sum of all expressions of the form p(1^n)[st(lambda)] for partitions lambda of order less than or equal to n, where p(1^n)[st(lambda)] denotes the coefficient of the irreducible character basis element indexed by the partition lambda in the expansion of the power sum basis element indexed by the partition (1^n). - John M. Campbell, Sep 16 2017

Number of achiral color patterns in a row or loop of length 2n. Two color patterns are equivalent if the colors are permuted. - Robert A. Russell, Apr 24 2018

Stirling transform of A005425 per Knuth reference. - Robert A. Russell, Apr 28 2018

Row sums are the Bell numbers (A000110). T(n,0)=A000296(n). T(n,k) = binomial(n,k)*T(n-k,0). Sum(k*T(n,k),k=0..n) = A052889(n) = n*B(n-1), where B(q) are the Bell numbers (A000110).

Exponential Riordan array [exp(exp(x)-1-x),x]. - Paul Barry, Apr 23 2009

Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*2^k = A000110(n+1) is the number of binary relations on an n-set that are both symmetric and transitive. - Geoffrey Critzer, Jul 25 2014

Also the number of set partitions of {1, ..., n} with k cyclical adjacencies (successive elements in the same block, where 1 is a successor of n). Unlike A250104, we count {{1}} as having 1 cyclical adjacency. - Gus Wiseman, Feb 13 2019

Partitions of n objects distinct under the cyclic group, C_n. By comparison the partition numbers (A000041) are the partitions distinct under the symmetric group, S_n and the set partitions are those distinct under the discrete group containing only the identity. - Franklin T. Adams-Watters, Jun 09 2008

Equivalently, number of n-bead necklaces using any number of unlabeled (interchangable) colors. - Andrew Howroyd, Sep 25 2017

From David W. Wilson, Mar 10 2005: (Start)

Let M(n) be a map of n regions in a row. The number of ways to color M(n) if same-color regions are allowed to touch is given by A000110(n).

For example, M(4) has A000110(4) = 15 such colorings: aaaa aaab aaba aabb aabc abaa abab abac abba abbb abbc abca abcb abcc abcd.

The number of colorings of M(n) that are equivalent to their reverse is given by A080107(n). For example, M(4) has A080107(4) = 7 colorings that are equivalent to their reversal: aaaa aabb abab abba abbc abca abcd.

The number of distinct colorings when reversals are counted as equivalent is given by (A000110(n) + A080107(n))/2, which is essentially the present sequence. M(4) has 11 colorings that are distinct up to reversal: aaaa aaab aaba aabb aabc abab abac abba abbc abca abcd.

We can redo the whole analysis, this time forbidding same-color regions to touch. When we do, we get the same sequences, each with an extra 1 at the beginning. (End)

Note that A056325 gives the number of reversible string structures with n beads using a maximum of six different colors ... and, of course, any limit on the number of colors will be the same as this sequence above up to that number.

If the two ends of the line are distinguishable, so that 'abcb' and 'abac' are distinct, we get the Bell numbers, A000110(n - 1).

With a different offset, number of set partitions of [n] up to reflection (i<->n+1-i). E.g., there are 4 partitions of [3]: 123, 1-23, 13-2, 1-2-3 but not 12-3 because it is the reflection of 1-23. - David Callan, Oct 10 2005

Row n evaluated at sample values of q are as follows:

R_n(q=1) = A000110(n) (Bell numbers);

R_n(q=-1) = A080107(n) (fixed points of permutation of SetPartitions);

R_n(q=2) = A125812; R_n(q=3) = A125813; R_n(q=4) = A125814; R_n(q=5) = A125815.

T(n,k) is the number of set partitions of [n] having exactly k inversions. T(5,4)=3: 145|23, 145|2|3, 15|24|3; T(6,6) = 10: 1456|23, 156|234, 156|23|4, 1456|2|3, 146|25|3, 16|245|3, 156|2|34, 16|25|34, 156|2|3|4, 16|25|3|4. - Alois P. Heinz, Apr 03 2016

An equivalent color pattern is obtained when we permute the colors. Thus all permutations of ABC are equivalent, as are AAABB and BBBAA. A color pattern is achiral if it is equivalent to its reversal. Rotations of the colors of a loop are equivalent, so for loops AAABCB = BAAABC = CBAAAB.