A002872 -id:A002872 - cp's OEIS frontend

A036073 Triangle of coefficients arising in calculation of A002872 and A002874 (sorting numbers).

1, 2, 1, 5, 1, 6, 15, 1, 11, 30, 52, 1, 20, 80, 150, 203, 1, 37, 210, 525, 780, 877, 1, 70, 560, 1785, 3395, 4263, 4140, 1, 135, 1526, 6125, 14140, 22288, 24556, 21147, 1, 264, 4240, 21420, 58842, 109998, 150402, 149040, 115975, 1, 521, 11970, 76385, 248115

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane

For connection to A002872, A002874, and other columns of A162663, see the formula in A162663. - Andrey Zabolotskiy, Oct 25 2017

			Triangle begins:
  1;
  .  2;
  .  1,  5;
  .  1,  6,  15;
  .  1, 11,  30,  52;
  .  1, 20,  80, 150, 203;
  .  1, 37, 210, 525, 780, 877;
  ...

T. S. Motzkin, Sorting numbers for cylinders and other classification numbers, in Combinatorics, Proc. Symp. Pure Math. 19, AMS, 1971, pp. 167-176.

T. S. Motzkin, Sorting numbers for cylinders and other classification numbers, in Combinatorics, Proc. Symp. Pure Math. 19, AMS, 1971, pp. 167-176. [Annotated, scanned copy]
Index entries for sequences related to sorting

Row sums give A001861.
Diagonal gives A000110(n+1) - Alois P. Heinz, Mar 27 2013
Cf. A162663.

egf:= exp(exp(x*y)+y*(exp(x)-1)-1):
T:= (n, k)-> n!*coeff(series(coeff(series(egf, y, k+1)
                , y, k), x, n+1), x, n):
seq(seq(T(n, k), k=min(n, 1)..n), n=0..10);  # Alois P. Heinz, Mar 28 2013

T(n, k) = { my(y = 'y + 'y*O('y^k), x = 'x + 'x*O('x^n); ); n!*polcoeff(polcoeff(exp(exp(x*y)+y*(exp(x)-1)-1), n, 'x), k, 'y); }
for(n=0,10,for(k=0,n,print1(T(n,k),", "));print()); /* print triangle */
\\ Michel Marcus, Mar 27 2013

listpols(n)= {my(z = t + t*O(t^n)); zp = exp(exp(z)-1+(exp(p*z)-1)/p); for (i=0, n, print(i!*polcoeff(zp, i, t)););} \\ Michel Marcus, Mar 27 2013

E.g.f.: exp(exp(x*y)+y*(exp(x)-1)-1).

Edited by Vladeta Jovovic, Sep 17 2003

Name corrected by Andrey Zabolotskiy, Oct 22 2017

A005425 a(n) = 2a(n-1) + (n-1)a(n-2).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 5, 14, 43, 142, 499, 1850, 7193, 29186, 123109, 538078, 2430355, 11317646, 54229907, 266906858, 1347262321, 6965034370, 36833528197, 199037675054, 1097912385851, 6176578272782, 35409316648435, 206703355298074, 1227820993510153, 7416522514174082

Offset: 0

Simon Plouffe

Switchboard problem with n subscribers, where a subscriber who is not talking can be of either of two sexes. Subscribers who are talking cannot be distinguished by sex. See also A000085. - Karol A. Penson, Apr 15 2004
John W. Layman observes that computationally this agrees with the binomial transform of A000085.
Number of self-inverse partial permutations.
Number of '12-3 and 214-3'-avoiding permutations.
Number of matchings of the corona K'(n) of the complete graph K(n) and the complete graph K(1); in other words, K'(n) is the graph constructed from K(n) by adding for each vertex v a new vertex v' and the edge vv'. Example: a(3)=14 because in the graph with vertex set {A,B,C,a,b,c} and edge set {AB,AC,BC,Aa,Bb,Cc} we have the following matchings: (i) the empty set (1); (ii) the edges as singletons (6); (iii) {Aa,BC},{Bb,AC},{Cc,AB},{Aa,Bb},{Aa,Cc}, {Bb,Cc} (6); (iv) {Aa,Bb,Cc} (1). Row sums of A100862. - Emeric Deutsch, Jan 10 2005
Consider finite sequences of positive integers  of length n with b(1)=1 and with the constraint that b(m) <= max_{0A111062. -  Franklin T. Adams-Watters, Dec 21 2005, corrected Dec 31 2014
Number of n X n symmetric binary matrices with no row sum greater than 1. - R. H. Hardin, Jun 13 2008
Polynomials in A099174 evaluated at x=2 (see also formula by Deutsch below). - Johannes W. Meijer, Feb 04 2010
Equals eigensequence of triangle A128227. Example: a(5) = 142 = (1, 1, 2, 5, 14, 43) dot (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1) = (1 + 2 + 6 + 20 + 70 + 43); where (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1) = row 5 of triangle A128227. - Gary W. Adamson, Aug 27 2010
Number of words [d(1), d(2), ..., d(n)] where d(k) is either =0, or =k (a fixed point), or the only value repeating a previous fixed point, see example. - Joerg Arndt, Apr 18 2014
From Robert A. Russell, Apr 28 2018: (Start)
Stirling transform of this sequence is A002872;
Stirling transform of A005425(n-1) is A080337. (End)
Number of congruence orbits of upper-triangular n X n matrices on symmetric matrices, or the number of Borel orbits in largest sect of the type CI symmetric space Sp_{2n}(C)/GL_n(C). - Aram Bingham, Oct 10 2019
For a refined enumeration of the switchboard scenario presented by Penson above and in Donaghey and its relation to perfect matchings of simplices and an operator calculus, see A344678. - Tom Copeland, May 29 2021
Write [n] for {1, ..., n} and [n]^(k) for k-tuples without repeated entries. Then C [n]^(k) is naturally a complex S_n-representation, whose length is a(k) provided that n >= 2k. a(k) also gives the length of the countable dimensional Sym(N)-representation C N^(k), as remarked by Sam and Snowden (see link). - Jingjie Yang, Dec 28 2023

			From _Joerg Arndt_, Apr 18 2014: (Start)
The a(3) = 14 words [d(1), d(2), d(3)] where d(k) is either =0, or =k (a fixed point), or the only value repeating a previous fixed point are (dots for zeros):
# :    word        partial involution
01:  [ . . . ]    ()
02:  [ . . 3 ]    (3)
03:  [ . 2 . ]    (2)
04:  [ . 2 2 ]    (2 3)
05:  [ . 2 3 ]    (2) (3)
06:  [ 1 . . ]    (1)
07:  [ 1 . 1 ]    (1 3)
08:  [ 1 . 3 ]    (1) (3)
09:  [ 1 1 . ]    (1 2)
10:  [ 1 1 3 ]    (1 2) (3)
11:  [ 1 2 . ]    (1) (2)
12:  [ 1 2 1 ]    (1 3) (2)
13:  [ 1 2 2 ]    (1) (2 3)
14:  [ 1 2 3 ]    (1) (2) (3)
(End)

N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

T. D. Noe, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..200
E. Bagno and Y. Cherniavsky, Congruence B-orbits and the Bruhat poset of involutions of the symmetric group, Discrete Math., 312 (1) (2012), pp. 1289-1299.
C. Banderier, M. Bousquet-Mélou, A. Denise, P. Flajolet, D. Gardy and D. Gouyou-Beauchamps, Generating Functions for Generating Trees, Discrete Mathematics 246(1-3), March 2002, pp. 29-55.
A. Bingham and O. Ugurlu, Sects and lattice paths over the Lagrangian Grassmannian, arXiv preprint arXiv:1903.07229 [math.CO], 2019.
P. Blasiak, K. A. Penson, A. I. Solomon, A. Horzela and G. E. H. Duchamp, Combinatorial field theories via boson normal ordering, arXiv:quant-ph/0405103, 2004-2006. The title of this paper in the arXiv was later changed to "Some useful combinatorial formulas for bosonic operators"
P. Blasiak, K. A. Penson, A. I. Solomon, A. Horzela and G. E. H. Duchamp, Some useful combinatorial formulas for bosonic operators, J. Math. Phys. 46, 052110 (2005) (6 pages).
R. Donaghey, Binomial self-inverse sequences and tangent coefficients, J. Combin. Theory, Series A, 21 (1976), 155-163.
Adam M. Goyt and Lara K. Pudwell, Avoiding colored partitions of two elements in the pattern sense, arXiv preprint arXiv:1203.3786 [math.CO], 2012. - From _N. J. A. Sloane_, Sep 17 2012
T. Halverson and M. Reeks, Gelfand Models for Diagram Algebras, arXiv preprint arXiv:1302.6150 [math.RT], 2013-2014.
J. W. Layman, The Hankel Transform and Some of its Properties, J. Integer Sequences, 4 (2001), #01.1.5.
Mikhail Khovanov, Victor Ostrik and Yakov Kononov, Two-dimensional topological theories, rational functions and their tensor envelopes, arXiv:2011.14758 [math.QA], 2020.
T. Mansour, Restricted permutations by patterns of type 2-1, arXiv:math/0202219 [math.CO], 2002.
D. Panyushev, On the orbits of a Borel subgroup in abelian ideals, arXiv preprint arXiv:1407.6857 [math.AG], 2014.
Ville H. Pettersson, Enumerating Hamiltonian Cycles, The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics, Volume 21, Issue 4, 2014.
K. Piejko, Extremal trees with respect to number of (A, B, 2C)-edge colourings, Journal of Applied Mathematics, Hindawi Publishing Corporation, Volume 2015, Article ID 463650, 5 pages.
Steven V Sam and Andrew Snowden, Stability patterns in representation theory, arXiv:1302.5859 [math.RT], 2013-2015. See (1.3.4) p. 8.
R. P. Stanley, On the enumeration of skew Young tableaux, Advances in Applied Mathematics 30 (2003) 283-294, (see corollary 2.4).

Cf. A002872, A080337, A085483, A100862, A111062, A128227.
Bisections give A093620, A100510.
Row sums of A344678.

a005425 n = a005425_list !! n
a005425_list = 1 : 2 : zipWith (+)
   (map (* 2) (tail a005425_list)) (zipWith (*) [1..] a005425_list)
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Dec 18 2011

a:=[2,5];[1] cat [n le 2 select a[n] else 2*Self(n-1) + (n-1)*Self(n-2):n in [1..30]]; // Marius A. Burtea, Oct 10 2019

with(orthopoly): seq((-I/sqrt(2))^n*H(n,I*sqrt(2)),n=0..25);

a[0] = 1; a[1] = 2; a[n_]:= 2a[n-1] + (n-1)*a[n-2]; Table[ a[n], {n, 0, 25}] (* or *)
Range[0, 25]!CoefficientList[Series[Exp[2 x + x^2/2], {x, 0, 25}], x] (* or *)
f[n_] := Sum[2^(n - 3k)n!/((n - 2k)!k!), {k, 0, n}]; Table[ f[n], {n, 0, 25}] (* or *)
Table[(-I/Sqrt[2])^n*HermiteH[n, I*Sqrt[2]], {n, 0, 25}] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Nov 04 2005 *)
RecurrenceTable[{a[0]==1,a[1]==2,a[n]==2a[n-1]+(n-1)a[n-2]},a,{n,30}] (* Harvey P. Dale, Sep 30 2015 *)
a[n_] := 2^(n/2) Exp[- I n Pi/2] HypergeometricU[-n/2, 1/2, -2];
Table[a[n], {n, 0, 22}] (* Peter Luschny, May 30 2021 *)

makelist((%i/sqrt(2))^n*hermite(n,-%i*sqrt(2)),n,0,12); /* Emanuele Munarini, Mar 02 2016 */

A005425(n)=sum(k=0,n\2,2^(n-3*k)*n!/(n-2*k)!/k!) \\ M. F. Hasler, Jan 13 2012

[(-i/sqrt(2))^n*hermite(n, i*sqrt(2)) for n in range(41)] # G. C. Greubel, Nov 19 2022

E.g.f.: exp( 2*x + x^2/2 ).
a(n) = A027412(n+1)/2. - N. J. A. Sloane, Sep 13 2003
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} binomial(n, k)*A000085(n-k). - Philippe Deléham, Mar 07 2004
a(n) = (-i/sqrt(2))^n*H(n, i*sqrt(2)), where H(n, x) is the n-th Hermite polynomial and i = sqrt(-1). - Emeric Deutsch, Nov 24 2004
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..floor(n/2)} 2^{n-3*k}*n!/((n-2*k)!*k!). - Huajun Huang (hua_jun(AT)hotmail.com), Oct 10 2005
For all n, a(n) = [M_n]1,1 = [M_n]_2,1, where M_n = A_n * A_n-1 * ... * A_1, being A_k the matrix A_k = [1, k;1, 1]. - _Simone Severini, Apr 25 2007
a(n) = (1/sqrt(2*Pi))*Integral_{x=-infinity..infinity} exp(-x^2/2)*(x+2)^n. - Groux Roland, Mar 14 2011
G.f.: 1/(1-2x-x^2/(1-2x-2x^2/(1-2x-3x^2/(1-2x-4x^2/(1-... (continued fraction).
E.g.f.: G(0) where G(k) = 1 + x*(4+x)/(4*k + 2 - x*(4+x)*(4*k+2)/(x*(4+x) + 4*(k+1)/G(k+1))); (continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Dec 17 2011
a(n) ~ exp(2*sqrt(n) - n/2 - 1)*n^(n/2)/sqrt(2). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Oct 08 2012
a(n) = 2^(n/2)*exp(-i*n*Pi/2)*KummerU(-n/2, 1/2, -2). - Peter Luschny, May 30 2021

Recurrence and formula corrected by Olivier Gérard, Oct 15 1997

A162663 Table by antidiagonals, T(n,k) is the number of partitions of {1..(nk)} that are invariant under a permutation consisting of n k-cycles.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 2, 7, 5, 1, 3, 8, 31, 15, 1, 2, 16, 42, 164, 52, 1, 4, 10, 111, 268, 999, 203, 1, 2, 28, 70, 931, 1994, 6841, 877, 1, 4, 12, 258, 602, 9066, 16852, 51790, 4140, 1, 3, 31, 106, 2892, 6078, 99925, 158778, 428131, 21147, 1, 4, 22, 329, 1144, 37778, 70402, 1224579, 1644732, 3827967, 115975

Offset: 0

Franklin T. Adams-Watters, Jul 09 2009

The upper left corner of the array is T(0,1).
Without loss of generality, the permutation can be taken to be (1 2 ... k) (k+1 k+2 ... 2k) ... ((n-1)k+1 (n-1)k+2 ... nk).
Note that it is the partition that is invariant, not the individual parts. Thus for n=k=2 with permutation (1 2)(3 4), the partition 1,3|2,4 is counted; it maps to 2,4|1,3, which is the same partition.

			The table starts:
   1,   1,   1,   1,   1
   1,   2,   2,   3,   2
   2,   7,   8,  16,  10
   5,  31,  42, 111,  70
  15, 164, 268, 931, 602

Alois P. Heinz, Antidiagonals n = 0..140, flattened (first 20 antidiagonals from Franklin T. Adams-Watters)
T. S. Motzkin, Sorting numbers for cylinders and other classification numbers, in Combinatorics, Proc. Symp. Pure Math. 19, AMS, 1971, pp. 167-176. [Annotated, scanned copy]
OEIS Wiki, Sorting numbers

Columns: A000110, A002872, A002874, A141003, A036075, A141004, A036077, A141005, A141006, A141007, A036081, A141008, A141009, A141010, A141011.
Rows: A000012, A000005, A162664, A162665.
Cf. A084423, A036040, A036073, A080575.
Main diagonal gives A293850.

with(numtheory):
A:= proc(n, k) option remember; `if`(n=0, 1, add(binomial(n-1, j-1)
       *add(d^(j-1), d=divisors(k))*A(n-j, k), j=1..n))
    end:
seq(seq(A(n, 1+d-n), n=0..d), d=0..12);  # Alois P. Heinz, Oct 29 2015

max = 11; ClearAll[col]; col[k_] := col[k] =  CoefficientList[ Series[ Exp[ Sum[ (Exp[d*x] - 1)/d, {d, Divisors[k]}]], {x, 0, max}], x]*Range[0, max]!; t[n_, k_] := col[k][[n]]; Flatten[ Table[ t[n-k+1, k], {n, 1, max}, {k, n, 1, -1}] ] (* Jean-François Alcover, Aug 08 2012, after e.g.f. *)

amat(n,m)=local(r);r=matrix(n,m,i,j,1);for(k=1,n-1,for(j=1,m,r[k+1,j]=sum (i=1,k,binomial(k-1,i-1)*sumdiv(j,d,r[k-i+1,j]*d^(i-1)))));r
acol(n,k)=local(fn);fn=exp(sumdiv(k,d,(exp(d*x+x*O(x^n))-1)/d));vector(n+ 1,i,polcoeff(fn,i-1)*(i-1)!)

E.g.f. for column k: exp(Sum_{d|k} (exp(d*x) - 1) / d).
Equivalently, column k is the exponential transform of a(n) = Sum_{d|k} d^(n-1); this represents a set of n k-cycles, each repeating the same d elements (parts), but starting in different places.
T(n,k) = Sum_{P a partition of n} SP(P) * Product_( (sigma_{i-1}(k))^(P(i)-1) ), where SP is A036040 or A080575, and P(i) is the number of parts in P of size i.
T(n,k) = Sum_{j=0..n-1} A036073(n,j)*k^(n-1-j). - Andrey Zabolotskiy, Oct 22 2017

Offset set to 0 by Alois P. Heinz, Oct 29 2015

A049020 Triangle of numbers a(n,k), 0 <= k <= n: number of set partitions of {1,2,...,n} in which exactly k of the blocks have been distinguished.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 1, 5, 10, 6, 1, 15, 37, 31, 10, 1, 52, 151, 160, 75, 15, 1, 203, 674, 856, 520, 155, 21, 1, 877, 3263, 4802, 3556, 1400, 287, 28, 1, 4140, 17007, 28337, 24626, 11991, 3290, 490, 36, 1, 21147, 94828, 175896, 174805, 101031, 34671, 6972, 786, 45, 1

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane

Triangle a(n,k) read by rows; given by [1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 4, 1, 5, 1, ...] DELTA [1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, ...] where DELTA is Deléham's operator defined in A084938.
Exponential Riordan array [exp(exp(x)-1), exp(x)-1]. - Paul Barry, Jan 12 2009
Equal to A048993*A007318. - Philippe Deléham, Oct 31 2011
This lower unitriangular array is the L factor in the LU decomposition of the Hankel matrix (Bell(i+j-2))A000110(n).%20The%20U%20factor%20is%20A059098%20(see%20Chamberland,%20p.%201672).%20-%20_Peter%20Bala">i,j >= 1, where Bell(n) = A000110(n). The U factor is A059098 (see Chamberland, p. 1672). - _Peter Bala, Oct 15 2023

			Triangle begins:
   1;
   1,  1;
   2,  3,  1;
   5, 10,  6,  1;
  15, 37, 31, 10,  1;
  ...
From _Paul Barry_, Jan 12 2009: (Start)
Production array begins
  1, 1;
  1, 2, 1;
  0, 2, 3, 1;
  0, 0, 3, 4, 1;
  0, 0, 0, 4, 5, 1;
  ... (End)

Alois P. Heinz, Rows n = 0..140, flattened
M. Aigner, A characterization of the Bell numbers, Discr. Math., 205 (1999), 207-210.
Paul Barry, Constructing Exponential Riordan Arrays from Their A and Z Sequences, Journal of Integer Sequences, 17 (2014), #14.2.6.
Zhanar Berikkyzy, Pamela E. Harris, Anna Pun, Catherine Yan, and Chenchen Zhao, Combinatorial Identities for Vacillating Tableaux, arXiv:2308.14183 [math.CO], 2023. See p. 11.
Marc Chamberland, Factored matrices can generate combinatorial identities, Linear Algebra and its Applications, Volume 438, Issue 4, 15 Feb. 2013, pp. 1667-1677.
J. East and R. D. Gray, Idempotent generators in finite partition monoids and related semigroups, arXiv preprint arXiv:1404.2359 [math.GR], 2014.
Tom Halverson and Theodore N. Jacobson, Set-partition tableaux and representations of diagram algebras, arXiv:1808.08118 [math.RT], 2018.
Aoife Hennessy and Paul Barry, Generalized Stirling Numbers, Exponential Riordan Arrays, and Orthogonal Polynomials, J. Int. Seq. 14 (2011) # 11.8.2.
Marin Knežević, Vedran Krčadinac, and Lucija Relić, Matrix products of binomial coefficients and unsigned Stirling numbers, arXiv:2012.15307 [math.CO], 2020.
W. F. Lunnon et al., Arithmetic properties of Bell numbers to a composite modulus I, Acta Arith., 35 (1979), 1-16.
J. Riordan, Letter, Oct 31 1977. The array is on the second page.

First column gives A000110, second column = A005493.
Third column = A003128, row sums = A001861, A059340.
See A244489 for another version of this triangle.
Cf. A059098, A245109, A046716.

a:= proc(n, k) option remember; `if`(k<0 or k>n, 0,
      `if`(n=0, 1, a(n-1, k-1) +(k+1)*(a(n-1, k) +a(n-1, k+1))))
    end:
seq(seq(a(n, k), k=0..n), n=0..15);  # Alois P. Heinz, Nov 30 2012

a[n_, k_] = Sum[StirlingS2[n, i]*Binomial[i, k], {i, 0, n}]; Flatten[Table[a[n, k], {n, 0, 9}, {k, 0, n}]]
(* Jean-François Alcover, Aug 29 2011, after Vladeta Jovovic *)

T(n,k)=if(k<0 || k>n,0,n!*polcoeff(polcoeff(exp((1+y)*(exp(x+x*O(x^n))-1)),n),k))

def A049020_triangle(dim):
    M = matrix(ZZ, dim, dim)
    for n in (0..dim-1): M[n, n] = 1
    for n in (1..dim-1):
        for k in (0..n-1):
            M[n, k] = M[n-1, k-1]+(k+1)*M[n-1, k]+(k+1)*M[n-1, k+1]
    return M
A049020_triangle(9) # Peter Luschny, Sep 19 2012

a(n,k) = a(n-1, k-1) + (k+1)*a(n-1, k) + (k+1)*a(n-1, k+1), n >= 1.
a(n,k) = Sum_{i=0..n} Stirling2(n,i)*binomial(i,k). - Vladeta Jovovic, Jan 27 2001
E.g.f. for the k-th column is (1/k!)*(exp(x)-1)^k*exp(exp(x)-1). - Vladeta Jovovic, Jan 27 2001
G.f.: 1/(1-x-xy-x^2(1+y)/(1-2x-xy-2x^2(1+y)/(1-3x-xy-3x^2(1+y)/(1-4x-xy-4x^2(1+y)/(1-... (continued fraction). - Paul Barry, Apr 29 2009
E.g.f.: exp((y+1)*(exp(x)-1)). - Geoffrey Critzer, Nov 30 2012
Note that A244489 (which is essentially the same triangle) has the formula T(n,k) = Sum_{j=k..n} binomial(n,j)*Stirling_2(j,k)*Bell(n-j), where Bell(n) = A000110(n), for n >= 1, 0 <= k <= n-1. - N. J. A. Sloane, May 17 2016
a(2n,n) = A245109(n). - Alois P. Heinz, Aug 23 2017
Empirical: a(n,k) = p(1^n)[st(1^k)] (see A002872 for notation). - Andrey Zabolotskiy, Oct 17 2017
a(n,k) = Sum_{j=0..k} (-1)^(k-j)*A046716(k, k-j)*Bell(n + j)/k!. - Peter Luschny, Dec 06 2023

More terms from James Sellers.

Better definition from Geoffrey Critzer, Nov 30 2012.

A080107 Number of fixed points of permutation of SetPartitions under {1,2,...,n}->{n,n-1,...,1}. Number of symmetric arrangements of non-attacking rooks on upper half of n X n chessboard.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 2, 3, 7, 12, 31, 59, 164, 339, 999, 2210, 6841, 16033, 51790, 127643, 428131, 1103372, 3827967, 10269643, 36738144, 102225363, 376118747, 1082190554, 4086419601, 12126858113, 46910207114, 143268057587, 566845074703, 1778283994284, 7186474088735

Offset: 0

Wouter Meeussen, Mar 15 2003

nonn

Even-numbered terms a(2k) are A002872: 2,7,31,164,999 ("Sorting numbers"); odd-numbered terms are its binomial transform, A080337. The symmetrical set partitions of {-n,...,-1,0,1,...,n} can be classified by the partition containing 0. Thus we get the sum over k of {n choose k} times the number of symmetrical set partitions of 2n-2k elements. - Don Knuth, Nov 23 2003
Number of partitions of n numbers that are symmetrical and cannot be nested (i.e., include a pattern of the form abab). - Douglas Boffey, May 21 2015
Number of achiral color patterns in a row or loop of length n. Two color patterns are equivalent if the colors are permuted. - Robert A. Russell, Apr 23 2018
Also the number of self-complementary set partitions of {1, ..., n}. The complement of a set partition pi of {1, ..., n} is defined as n + 1 - pi (elementwise) on page 3 of Callan. For example, the complement of {{1,5},{2},{3,6},{4}} is {{1,4},{2,6},{3},{5}}. - Gus Wiseman, Feb 13 2019

			Of the set partitions of 4, the following 7 are invariant under 1->4, 2->3, 3->2, 4->1: {{1,2,3,4}}, {{1,2},{3,4}}, {{1,4},{2,3}}, {{1,3},{2,4}}, {{1},{2,3},{4}}, {{1,4},{2},{3}}, {{1},{2},{3},{4}}, so a(4)=7.
For a(4)=7, the row patterns are AAAA, AABB, ABAB, ABBA, ABBC, ABCA, and ABCD (same as previous example).  The loop patterns are AAAA, AAAB, AABB, AABC, ABAB, ABAC, and ABCD. - _Robert A. Russell_, Apr 23 2018
From _Gus Wiseman_, Feb 13 2019: (Start)
The a(1) = 1 through a(5) = 12 self-complementary set partitions:
  {{1}}  {{12}}    {{123}}      {{1234}}        {{12345}}
         {{1}{2}}  {{13}{2}}    {{12}{34}}      {{1245}{3}}
                   {{1}{2}{3}}  {{13}{24}}      {{135}{24}}
                                {{14}{23}}      {{15}{234}}
                                {{1}{23}{4}}    {{1}{234}{5}}
                                {{14}{2}{3}}    {{12}{3}{45}}
                                {{1}{2}{3}{4}}  {{135}{2}{4}}
                                                {{14}{25}{3}}
                                                {{15}{24}{3}}
                                                {{1}{24}{3}{5}}
                                                {{15}{2}{3}{4}}
                                                {{1}{2}{3}{4}{5}}
(End)

D. E. Knuth, The Art of Computer Programming, vol. 4A, Combinatorial Algorithms, Section 7.2.1.5 (p. 765).

Alois P. Heinz, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1000
Zhanar Berikkyzy, Pamela E. Harris, Anna Pun, Catherine Yan, and Chenchen Zhao, Combinatorial Identities for Vacillating Tableaux, arXiv:2308.14183 [math.CO], 2023. See p. 18.
David Callan, On conjugates for set partitions and integer compositions, arXiv:math/0508052 [math.CO], 2005.
Juan B. Gil and Luiz E. Lopez, Enumeration of symmetric arc diagrams, arXiv:2203.10589 [math.CO], 2022.
S. V. Pemmaraju and S. S. Skiena, The New Combinatorica, 2001.
Frank Ruskey, Set Partitions

Cf. A002872, A080337.
Cf. A125810. - Paul D. Hanna, Jan 19 2009
Cf. A000126, A000296, A124323, A169985, A324012, A324013, A324014.

< Range[n, 1, -1]]; t= 1 + RankSetPartition /@ t; t= ToCycles[t]; t= Cases[t, {_Integer}]; Length[t], {n, 7}]
(* second program: *)
QB[n_, q_] := QB[n, q] = Sum[QB[j, q] QBinomial[n-1, j, q], {j, 0, n-1}] // FunctionExpand // Simplify; QB[0, q_]=1; QB[1, q_]=1; Table[cc = CoefficientList[QB[n, q], q]; cc.Table[(-1)^(k+1), {k, 1, Length[cc]}], {n, 0, 30}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Feb 29 2016, after Paul D. Hanna *)
(* Ach[n, k] is the number of achiral color patterns for a row or loop of n
  colors containing exactly k different colors *)
Ach[n_, k_] := Ach[n, k] = If[n<2, Boole[n==k && n>=0],
  k Ach[n-2, k] + Ach[n-2, k-1] + Ach[n-2, k-2]]
Table[Sum[Ach[n, k], {k, 0, n}], {n, 0, 30}] (* Robert A. Russell, Apr 23 2018 *)
x[n_] := x[n] = If[n < 2, n+1, 2x[n-1] + (n-1)x[n-2]]; (* A005425 *)
Table[Sum[StirlingS2[Ceiling[n/2], k] x[k-Mod[n, 2]], {k, 0, Ceiling[n/2]}],
  {n, 0, 30}] (* Robert A. Russell, Apr 27 2018, after Knuth reference *)

Knuth gives recurrences and generating functions.
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..t(n)} (-1)^k*A125810(n,k) where A125810 is a triangle of coefficients for a q-analog of the Bell numbers and t(n)=A125811(n)-1. - Paul D. Hanna, Jan 19 2009
From Robert A. Russell, Apr 23 2018: (Start)
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} Ach(n,k) where
  Ach(n,k) = [n>1]*(k*Ach(n-2,k)+Ach(n-2,k-1)+Ach(n-2,k-2)) + [n<2]*[n==k]*[n>=0].
a(n) = 2*A103293(n+1) - A000110(n). (End)
a(n) = [n==0 mod 2]*Sum_{k=0..n/2} Stirling2(n/2, k)*A005425(k) + [n==1 mod 2] * Sum_{k=1..(n+1)/2} Stirling2((n+1)/2, k) * A005425(k-1). (from Knuth reference)
a(n) = 2*A084708(n) - A084423(n). - Robert A. Russell, Apr 27 2018

Offset set to 0 by Alois P. Heinz, May 23 2015

A002874 The number of partitions of {1..3n} that are invariant under a permutation consisting of n 3-cycles.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 8, 42, 268, 1994, 16852, 158778, 1644732, 18532810, 225256740, 2933174842, 40687193548, 598352302474, 9290859275060, 151779798262202, 2600663778494172, 46609915810749130, 871645673599372868, 16971639450858467002, 343382806080459389676

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane, Simon Plouffe

Original name: Sorting numbers.

N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Alois P. Heinz, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..484 (first 101 terms from T. D. Noe)
Vaclav Kotesovec, Graph - the asymptotic ratio (10000 terms)
Vaclav Kotesovec, Asymptotics for a certain group of exponential generating functions, arXiv:2207.10568 [math.CO], Jul 13 2022.
Victor Meally, Comparison of several sequences given in Motzkin's paper "Sorting numbers for cylinders...", letter to N. J. A. Sloane, N. D.
T. S. Motzkin, Sorting numbers for cylinders and other classification numbers, in Combinatorics, Proc. Symp. Pure Math. 19, AMS, 1971, pp. 167-176. [Annotated, scanned copy]
J. Pasukonis, S. Ramgoolam, From counting to construction for BPS states in N=4 SYM, arXiv:1010.1683 [hep-th], 2010, (E.3).
J. Pasukonis, S. Ramgoolam, From counting to construction for BPS states in N=4 SYM, J. High En. Phys. 2011 (2) (2011), (E.3).
OEIS Wiki, Sorting numbers
Index entries for sequences related to sorting

u[n,j] generates for j=1, A000110; j=2, A002872; j=3, this sequence; j=4, A141003; j=5, A036075; j=6, A141004; j=7, A036077. - Wouter Meeussen, Dec 06 2008
Equals column 3 of A162663. - Michel Marcus, Mar 27 2013
Row sums of A294201.

S:= series(exp( (exp(3*x) - 4)/3 + exp(x)), x, 31):
seq(coeff(S,x,j)*j!, j=0..30); # Robert Israel, Oct 30 2015
# second Maple program:
a:= proc(n) option remember; `if`(n=0, 1, add((1+
      3^(j-1))*binomial(n-1, j-1)*a(n-j), j=1..n))
    end:
seq(a(n), n=0..30);  # Alois P. Heinz, Oct 17 2017

u[0,j_]:=1;u[k_,j_]:=u[k,j]=Sum[Binomial[k-1,i-1]Plus@@(u[k-i,j]#^(i-1)&/@Divisors[j]),{i,k}]; Table[u[n,3],{n,0,12}] (* Wouter Meeussen, Dec 06 2008 *)
mx = 16; p = 3; Range[0, mx]! CoefficientList[ Series[ Exp[ (Exp[p*x] - p - 1)/p + Exp[x]], {x, 0, mx}], x] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Dec 12 2012 *)
Table[Sum[Binomial[n,k] * 3^k * BellB[k, 1/3] * BellB[n-k], {k, 0, n}], {n, 0, 20}] (* Vaclav Kotesovec, Jun 29 2022 *)

E.g.f.: exp( (exp(3*x) - 4)/3 + exp(x) ).
a(n) ~ exp(exp(3*r)/3 + exp(r) - 4/3 - n) * (n/r)^(n + 1/2) / sqrt((1 + 3*r)*exp(3*r) + (1 + r)*exp(r)), where r = LambertW(3*n)/3 - 1/(1 + 3/LambertW(3*n) + n^(2/3) * (1 + LambertW(3*n)) * (3/LambertW(3*n))^(5/3)). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Jul 03 2022
a(n) ~ (3*n/LambertW(3*n))^n * exp(n/LambertW(3*n) + (3*n/LambertW(3*n))^(1/3) - n - 4/3) / sqrt(1 + LambertW(3*n)). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Jul 10 2022

New name from Danny Rorabaugh, Oct 24 2015

A306024 Number A(n,k) of length-n restricted growth strings (RGS) with growth <= k and first element in [k]; square array A(n,k), n>=0, k>=0, read by antidiagonals.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 2, 2, 0, 1, 3, 7, 5, 0, 1, 4, 15, 31, 15, 0, 1, 5, 26, 95, 164, 52, 0, 1, 6, 40, 214, 717, 999, 203, 0, 1, 7, 57, 405, 2096, 6221, 6841, 877, 0, 1, 8, 77, 685, 4875, 23578, 60619, 51790, 4140, 0, 1, 9, 100, 1071, 9780, 67354, 297692, 652595, 428131, 21147, 0

Offset: 0

Alois P. Heinz, Jun 17 2018

A(n,k) counts strings [s_1, ..., s_n] with 1 <= s_i <= k + max(0, max_{j

			A(2,3) = 15: 11, 12, 13, 14, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36.
A(4,1) = 15: 1111, 1112, 1121, 1122, 1123, 1211, 1212, 1213, 1221, 1222, 1223, 1231, 1232, 1233, 1234.
Square array A(n,k) begins:
  1,   1,    1,     1,      1,       1,       1,       1, ...
  0,   1,    2,     3,      4,       5,       6,       7, ...
  0,   2,    7,    15,     26,      40,      57,      77, ...
  0,   5,   31,    95,    214,     405,     685,    1071, ...
  0,  15,  164,   717,   2096,    4875,    9780,   17689, ...
  0,  52,  999,  6221,  23578,   67354,  160201,  335083, ...
  0, 203, 6841, 60619, 297692, 1044045, 2943277, 7117789, ...

Alois P. Heinz, Antidiagonals n = 0..150, flattened

Columns k=0-10 give: A000007, A000110, A002872, A306027, A306028, A306029, A306030, A306031, A306032, A306033, A306034.
Main diagonal gives A306025.
Antidiagonal sums give A306026.
Cf. A305962.

b:= proc(n, k, m) option remember; `if`(n=0, 1,
      add(b(n-1, k, max(m, j)), j=1..m+k))
    end:
A:= (n, k)-> b(n, k, 0):
seq(seq(A(n, d-n), n=0..d), d=0..12);
# second Maple program:
A:= (n, k)-> n!*coeff(series(exp(add(
    (exp(j*x)-1)/j, j=1..k)), x, n+1), x, n):
seq(seq(A(n, d-n), n=0..d), d=0..12);

b[n_, k_, m_] := b[n, k, m] = If[n==0, 1, Sum[b[n-1, k, Max[m, j]], {j, 1, m+k}]];
A[n_, k_] := b[n, k, 0];
Table[A[n, d-n], {d, 0, 12}, {n, 0, d}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, May 27 2019, after Alois P. Heinz *)

E.g.f. of column k: exp(Sum_{j=1..k} (exp(j*x)-1)/j).

A293181 Irregular triangle read by rows: T(n,k) is the number of k-partitions of {1..2n} that are invariant under a permutation consisting of n 2-cycles (1 <= k <= 2n).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 3, 2, 1, 1, 7, 10, 9, 3, 1, 1, 15, 38, 53, 34, 18, 4, 1, 1, 31, 130, 265, 261, 195, 80, 30, 5, 1, 1, 63, 422, 1221, 1700, 1696, 1016, 515, 155, 45, 6, 1, 1, 127, 1330, 5369, 10143, 13097, 10508, 6832, 2926, 1120, 266, 63, 7, 1

Offset: 1

Andrew Howroyd, Oct 01 2017

See A002872 for detailed description.
T(m,k) is the number of achiral color patterns in a row or loop of length 2m using exactly k different colors. Two color patterns are equivalent if we permute the colors. - Robert A. Russell, Apr 24 2018
T(n,k) = coefficient of x^k for A(2,n)(x) in Gilbert and Riordan's article. - Robert A. Russell, Jun 14 2018

			Triangle begins:
  1,   1;
  1,   3,    2,    1;
  1,   7,   10,    9,     3,     1;
  1,  15,   38,   53,    34,    18,     4,    1;
  1,  31,  130,  265,   261,   195,    80,   30,    5,    1;
  1,  63,  422, 1221,  1700,  1696,  1016,  515,  155,   45,   6,  1;
  1, 127, 1330, 5369, 10143, 13097, 10508, 6832, 2926, 1120, 266, 63, 7, 1;
  ...
For T(2,2)=3, the row patterns are AABB, ABAB, and ABBA.  The loop patterns are AAAB, AABB, and ABAB. - _Robert A. Russell_, Apr 24 2018

Alois P. Heinz, Rows n = 1..100, flattened (first 30 rows from Andrew Howroyd)
Ira Gessel, What is the number of achiral color patterns for a row of n colors containing k different colors?, mathoverflow, Jan 30 2018.
E. N. Gilbert and J. Riordan, Symmetry types of periodic sequences, Illinois J. Math., 5 (1961), 657-665.

Row sums are A002872.
Maximum row values are A002873.
Number of achiral color patterns of length odd n in A140735.
Column k=3 gives A056182.

(* Ach[n, k] is the number of achiral color patterns for a row or loop of n
  colors containing k different colors *)
Ach[n_, k_] := Ach[n, k] = Which[0==k, Boole[0==n], 1==k, Boole[n>0],
  OddQ[n], Sum[Binomial[(n-1)/2, i] Ach[n-1-2i, k-1], {i, 0, (n-1)/2}],
  True, Sum[Binomial[n/2-1, i] (Ach[n-2-2i, k-1]
  + 2^i Ach[n-2-2i, k-2]), {i, 0, n/2-1}]]
Table[Ach[n, k], {n, 2, 14, 2}, {k, 1, n}] // Flatten
(* Robert A. Russell, Feb 06 2018 *)
Table[Drop[MatrixPower[Table[Switch[j-i, 0, i-1, 1, 1, 2, 1, _, 0],
  {i, 1, 2n+1}, {j, 1, 2n+1}], n][[1]], 1], {n, 1, 10}] // Flatten
(* Robert A. Russell, Apr 14 2018 *)
Aeven[m_, k_] := Aeven[m, k] = If[m>0, k Aeven[m-1, k] + Aeven[m-1, k-1]
  + Aeven[m-1, k-2], Boole[m == 0 && k == 0]]
Table[Aeven[m, k], {m, 1, 10}, {k, 1, 2m}] // Flatten (* Robert A. Russell, Apr 24 2018 *)

\\ see A056391 for Polya enumeration functions
T(n,k) = 2*NonequivalentStructsExactly(CylinderPerms(2,n),k) - stirling(2*n,k,2);

seq(n)={Vec(serlaplace(exp(y*(exp(x + O(x*x^n))-1)+(1/2)*y^2*(exp(2*x + O(x*x^n))-1))) - 1)}
{my(T=seq(10)); for(n=1, #T, for(k=1, 2*n, print1(polcoeff(T[n], k), ", ")); print)} \\ Andrew Howroyd, Jan 31 2018

T(n,k) = coefficient of t^k x^n/n! in exp(t*(exp(x)-1)+(1/2)*t^2*(exp(2*x)-1)). - Ira M. Gessel, Jan 30 2018
T(m,k) = [m>0]*(k*T(m-1,k)+T(m-1,k-1)+T(m-1,k-2)) + [m==0]*[k==0]. - Robert A. Russell, Apr 24 2018
Conjecture: T(n,k) = R(n,k)-R(n,k-1), with R(n,k) = Sum_{m=0..k} m^n*A000085(m)*A038205(k-m)/(m!*(k-m)!). - Mikhail Kurkov, Jun 26 2018

A002873 The maximal number of partitions of {1..2n} that are invariant under a permutation consisting of n 2-cycles, and which have the same number of nonempty parts.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 3, 10, 53, 265, 1700, 13097, 96796, 829080, 8009815, 75604892, 808861988, 9175286549, 106167118057, 1320388106466, 16950041305210, 233232366601078, 3243603207488124, 47776065074368313, 733990397879859192, 11515503147927664816, 189107783918416912912

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane

Previous name was: Sorting numbers (see Motzkin article for details).

Since a(n) by definition is the largest among some positive integers, whose sum is A002872(n), we always have the relation a(n) <= A002872(n); and for n > 0 the inequality is strict, since then that sum consists of more than one term. - Jörgen Backelin, Jan 13 2016

			There are three partitions of {1,2,3,4} into two (nonempty) parts, and which are invariant under the permutation (1,2)(3,4), namely {{1,2}, {3,4}}, {{1,3}, {2,4}}, and {{1,4}, {2,3}}. There are also one such partition with just one part, two with three parts, and one with four parts; but three is the largest of these amounts. Thus, a(2) = 3.
Similarly, there are ten (1,2)(3,4)(5,6) invariant partitions of {1,2,3,4,5,6} into three nonempty parts, and no larger amount into any other given number of parts, whence a(3) = 10.

N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Alois P. Heinz, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..514
Victor Meally, Comparison of several sequences given in Motzkin's paper "Sorting numbers for cylinders...", letter to N. J. A. Sloane, N. D.
T. S. Motzkin, Sorting numbers for cylinders and other classification numbers, in Combinatorics, Proc. Symp. Pure Math. 19, AMS, 1971, pp. 167-176. [Annotated, scanned copy]
OEIS Wiki, Sorting numbers
Index entries for sequences related to sorting

Cf. A000262 (the parent sequence of this family), A002872.

Maximum row values of A293181.

Name changed and example added by Jörgen Backelin, Jan 13 2016
a(7)-a(8) from Sean A. Irvine, Jun 19 2016
a(9)-a(22) from Andrew Howroyd, Oct 01 2017

A002875 Sorting numbers (see Motzkin article for details).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 4, 24, 128, 880, 7440

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane

How is the sequence defined (see the links in A000262)? Also more terms would be welcome.

Based on the Motzkin article, where this sequence appears in the last row of the table on p. 173, one would expect that this sequence is the same as A294202. However, they seem to be unrelated. So the true definition of this sequence is a mystery. - Andrew Howroyd and Andrey Zabolotskiy, Oct 25 2017

N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Victor Meally, Comparison of several sequences given in Motzkin's paper "Sorting numbers for cylinders...", letter to N. J. A. Sloane, N. D.
T. S. Motzkin, Sorting numbers for cylinders and other classification numbers, in Combinatorics, Proc. Symp. Pure Math. 19, AMS, 1971, pp. 167-176. [Annotated, scanned copy]
OEIS Wiki, Sorting numbers
Index entries for sequences related to sorting

Cf. A000262, A001861, A002872, A002873, A002874, A036073, A294201, A294202.

Showing 1-10 of 25 results. Next

cp's OEIS Frontend

A036073 Triangle of coefficients arising in calculation of A002872 and A002874 (sorting numbers).

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A005425 a(n) = 2*a(n-1) + (n-1)*a(n-2).

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A162663 Table by antidiagonals, T(n,k) is the number of partitions of {1..(nk)} that are invariant under a permutation consisting of n k-cycles.

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A049020 Triangle of numbers a(n,k), 0 <= k <= n: number of set partitions of {1,2,...,n} in which exactly k of the blocks have been distinguished.

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A080107 Number of fixed points of permutation of SetPartitions under {1,2,...,n}->{n,n-1,...,1}. Number of symmetric arrangements of non-attacking rooks on upper half of n X n chessboard.

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A002874 The number of partitions of {1..3n} that are invariant under a permutation consisting of n 3-cycles.

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A005425 a(n) = 2a(n-1) + (n-1)a(n-2).