cp's OEIS Frontend

Compositions into distinct parts are equivalent to (1,1)-avoiding compositions. - Gus Wiseman, Jun 25 2020

All terms are odd. - Alois P. Heinz, Apr 09 2021

A composition of n is a finite sequence of positive integers summing to n.

We define a pattern to be a finite sequence covering an initial interval of positive integers. Patterns are counted by A000670 and ranked by A333217. A sequence S is said to match a pattern P if there is a not necessarily contiguous subsequence of S whose parts have the same relative order as P. For example, (3,1,1,3) matches (1,1,2), (2,1,1), and (2,1,2), but avoids (1,2,1), (1,2,2), and (2,2,1).

Triangle T(n,k), 0 <= k <= n, read by rows given by [0,1,0,2,0,3,0,4,0,5,0,6,0,7,0,...] DELTA [1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,...] where DELTA is the operator defined in A084938; another version of A019538.

See also A019538: version with n > 0 and k > 0. - Philippe Deléham, Nov 03 2008

From Peter Bala, Jul 21 2014: (Start)

T(n,k) gives the number of (k-1)-dimensional faces in the interior of the first barycentric subdivision of the standard (n-1)-dimensional simplex. For example, the barycentric subdivision of the 1-simplex is o--o--o, with 1 interior vertex and 2 interior edges, giving T(2,1) = 1 and T(2,2) = 2.

This triangle is used when calculating the face vectors of the barycentric subdivision of a simplicial complex. Let S be an n-dimensional simplicial complex and write f_k for the number of k-dimensional faces of S, with the usual convention that f_(-1) = 1, so that F := (f_(-1), f_0, f_1,...,f_n) is the f-vector of S. If M(n) denotes the square matrix formed from the first n+1 rows and n+1 columns of the present triangle, then the vector F*M(n) is the f-vector of the first barycentric subdivision of the simplicial complex S (Brenti and Welker, Lemma 2.1). For example, the rows of Pascal's triangle A007318 (but with row and column indexing starting at -1) are the f-vectors for the standard n-simplexes. It follows that A007318*A131689, which equals A028246, is the array of f-vectors of the first barycentric subdivision of standard n-simplexes. (End)

This triangle T(n, k) appears in the o.g.f. G(n, x) = Sum_{m>=0} S(n, m)*x^m with S(n, m) = Sum_{j=0..m} j^n for n >= 1 as G(n, x) = Sum_{k=1..n} (x^k/(1 - x)^(k+2))*T(n, k). See also the Eulerian triangle A008292 with a Mar 31 2017 comment for a rewritten form. For the e.g.f. see A028246 with a Mar 13 2017 comment. - Wolfdieter Lang, Mar 31 2017

T(n,k) = the number of alignments of length k of n strings each of length 1. See Slowinski. An example is given below. Cf. A122193 (alignments of strings of length 2) and A299041 (alignments of strings of length 3). - Peter Bala, Feb 04 2018

The row polynomials R(n,x) are the Fubini polynomials. - Emanuele Munarini, Dec 05 2020

From Gus Wiseman, Feb 18 2022: (Start)

Also the number of patterns of length n with k distinct parts (or with maximum part k), where we define a pattern to be a finite sequence covering an initial interval of positive integers. For example, row n = 3 counts the following patterns:

(1,1,1) (1,2,2) (1,2,3)

(2,1,2) (1,3,2)

(2,2,1) (2,1,3)

(1,1,2) (2,3,1)

(1,2,1) (3,1,2)

(2,1,1) (3,2,1)

(End)

Regard A048994 as a lower-triangular matrix and divide each term A048994(n,k) by n!, then this is the matrix inverse. Because Sum_{k=0..n} (A048994(n,k) * x^n / n!) = A007318(x,n), Sum_{k=0..n} (A131689(n,k) * A007318(x,k)) = x^n. - Natalia L. Skirrow, Mar 23 2023

T(n,k) is the number of ordered partitions of [n] into k blocks. - Alois P. Heinz, Feb 21 2025

We define a composition to be alternating including twins (x,x) if there are no adjacent triples (..., x, y, z, ...) where x <= y <= z or x >= y >= z. Except in the case of twins (x,x), all such compositions are anti-runs (A003242). These compositions avoid the weak consecutive patterns (1,2,3) and (3,2,1), the strict version being A344614.

The version without twins (x,x) is A025047 (alternating compositions).

These compositions avoid the strict consecutive patterns (1,2,3) and (3,2,1), the weak version being A344604.

A multiset is separable if it has a permutation that is an anti-run, meaning there are no adjacent equal parts.

A multiset whose multiplicities are the prime indices of n (such as row n of A305936) is not the same as the multiset of prime indices of n. For example, the prime indices of 12 are {1,1,2}, while a multiset whose multiplicities are {1,1,2} is {1,1,2,3}.

Toss a fair coin n times; a(n) is number of possible outcomes having a run of 2 or more heads.

Also the number of binary words of length n with at least two neighboring 1 digits. For example, a(4)=8 because 8 binary words of length 4 have two or more neighboring 1 digits: 0011, 0110, 0111, 1011, 1100, 1101, 1110, 1111 (cf. A143291). - Alois P. Heinz, Jul 18 2008

Equivalently, number of solutions (x_1, ..., x_n) to the equation x_1*x_2 + x_2*x_3 + x_3*x_4 + ... + x_{n-1}*x_n = 1 in base-2 lunar arithmetic. - N. J. A. Sloane, Apr 23 2011

Row sums of triangle A153281 = (1, 3, 8, 19, 43, ...). - Gary W. Adamson, Dec 23 2008

a(n-1) is the number of compositions of n with at least one part >= 3. - Joerg Arndt, Aug 06 2012

One less than the cardinality of the set of possible numbers of (leaf-) nodes of AVL trees with height n (cf. A143897, A217298). a(3) = 4-1, the set of possible numbers of (leaf-) nodes of AVL trees with height 3 is {5,6,7,8}. - Alois P. Heinz, Mar 20 2013

a(n) is the number of binary words of length n such that some prefix contains three more 1's than 0's or two more 0's than 1's. a(4) = 8 because we have: {0,0,0,0}, {0,0,0,1}, {0,0,1,0}, {0,0,1,1}, {0,1,0,0}, {1,0,0,0}, {1,1,1,0}, {1,1,1,1}. - Geoffrey Critzer, Dec 30 2013

With offset 0: antidiagonal sums of P(j,n) array of j-th partial sums of Fibonacci numbers. - Luciano Ancora, Apr 26 2015

These compositions avoid the weak consecutive pattern (1,2,3), the strict version being A128761.

The k-th composition in standard order (graded reverse-lexicographic, A066099) is obtained by taking the set of positions of 1's in the reversed binary expansion of k, prepending 0, taking first differences, and reversing again. This gives a bijective correspondence between nonnegative integers and integer compositions.

We define a (normal) pattern to be a finite sequence covering an initial interval of positive integers. Patterns are counted by A000670 and ranked by A333217. A sequence S is said to match a pattern P if there is a not necessarily contiguous subsequence of S whose parts have the same relative order as P. For example, (3,1,1,3) matches (1,1,2), (2,1,1), and (2,1,2), but avoids (1,2,1), (1,2,2), and (2,2,1).

We define a pattern to be a finite sequence covering an initial interval of positive integers. Patterns are counted by A000670. A sequence is alternating (cf. A025047) including pairs (x,x) if there are no adjacent triples (..., x, y, z, ...) where x <= y <= z or x >= y >= z. These sequences avoid the weak consecutive patterns (1,2,3) and (3,2,1).

An alternating pattern of length > 2 is necessarily an anti-run (A005649).

The version without pairs (x,x) is identical to this sequence except a(2) = 2 instead of 3.