A008297 -id:A008297 - cp's OEIS frontend

A132056 Triangle read by rows, the Bell transform of Product_{k=0..n} 7*k+1 without column 0.

1, 8, 1, 120, 24, 1, 2640, 672, 48, 1, 76560, 22800, 2160, 80, 1, 2756160, 920160, 104880, 5280, 120, 1, 118514880, 43243200, 5639760, 347760, 10920, 168, 1, 5925744000, 2323918080, 336510720, 24071040, 937440, 20160, 224, 1

Offset: 1

Wolfdieter Lang Sep 14 2007

Previous name was: Triangle of numbers related to triangle A132057; generalization of Stirling numbers of second kind A008277, Lah-numbers A008297, ...
a(n,m) enumerates unordered n-vertex m-forests composed of m plane increasing 8-ary trees. See the F. Bergeron et al. reference, especially Table 1, first row, for the e.g.f. for m=1.
a(n,m) := S2(8; n,m) is the eighth triangle of numbers in the sequence S2(k;n,m), k=1..7: A008277 (unsigned Stirling 2nd kind), A008297 (unsigned Lah), A035342, A035469, A049029, A049385, A092082, respectively. a(n,1)=A045754(n), n>=1.

			{1}; {8,1}; {120,24,1}; {2640,672,48,1}; ...

F. Bergeron, Ph. Flajolet and B. Salvy, Varieties of Increasing Trees, Lecture Notes in Computer Science vol. 581, ed. J.-C. Raoult, Springer 1992, pp. 24-48.
P. Blasiak, K. A. Penson and A. I. Solomon, The general boson normal ordering problem, Phys. Lett. A 309 (2003) 198-205.
P. Blasiak, K. A. Penson and A. I. Solomon, The general boson normal ordering problem, arXiv:quant-ph/0402027, 2004.
W. Lang, On generalizations of Stirling number triangles, J. Integer Seqs., Vol. 3 (2000), #00.2.4.
M. Janjic, Some classes of numbers and derivatives, JIS 12 (2009) 09.8.3
W. Lang, First 10 rows.

Cf. A132060 (row sums), A132061 (alternating row sums).

Cf. A092082 S2(7) triangle.

# The function BellMatrix is defined in A264428.
# Adds (1,0,0,0, ..) as column 0.
BellMatrix(n -> mul(7*k+1, k=0..n), 8); # Peter Luschny, Jan 27 2016

a[n_, m_] := a[n, m] = ((m*a[n-1, m-1]*(m-1)! + (m+7*n-7)*a[n-1, m]*m!)*n!)/(n*m!*(n-1)!);
a[n_, m_] /; n < m = 0; a[_, 0] = 0; a[1, 1] = 1;
Flatten[Table[a[n, m], {n, 1, 8}, {m, 1, n}]][[1 ;; 36]]
(* Jean-François Alcover, Jun 17 2011 *)
rows = 8;
a[n_, m_] := BellY[n, m, Table[Product[7k+1, {k, 0, j}], {j, 0, rows}]];
Table[a[n, m], {n, 1, rows}, {m, 1, n}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Jun 22 2018 *)

a(n, m) = n!*A132057(n, m)/(m!*7^(n-m)); a(n+1, m) = (7*n+m)*a(n, m)+ a(n, m-1), n >= m >= 1; a(n, m) := 0, n

E.g.f. of m-th column: ((-1+(1-7*x)^(-1/7))^m)/m!.

a(n, m) = sum(|A051186(n, j)|*S2(j, m), j=m..n) (matrix product), with S2(j, m):= (j, m) (Stirling2 triangle). Priv. comm. with W. Lang by E. Neuwirth, Feb 15 2001; see also the 2001 Neuwirth reference. See the general comment on products of Jabotinsky matrices given under A035342.

New name from Peter Luschny, Jan 27 2016

A086810 Triangle obtained by adding a leading diagonal 1,0,0,0,... to A033282.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 1, 0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 5, 5, 0, 1, 9, 21, 14, 0, 1, 14, 56, 84, 42, 0, 1, 20, 120, 300, 330, 132, 0, 1, 27, 225, 825, 1485, 1287, 429, 0, 1, 35, 385, 1925, 5005, 7007, 5005, 1430, 0, 1, 44, 616, 4004, 14014, 28028, 32032, 19448, 4862, 0, 1, 54, 936, 7644, 34398, 91728

Offset: 0

Philippe Deléham, Aug 05 2003

Mirror image of triangle A133336. - Philippe Deléham, Dec 10 2008
From Tom Copeland, Oct 09 2011: (Start)
With polynomials
P(0,t) = 0
P(1,t) = 1
P(2,t) = t
P(3,t) = t + 2 t^2
P(4,t) = t + 5 t^2 +  5 t^3
P(5,t) = t + 9 t^2 + 21 t^3 + 14 t^4
The o.g.f. A(x,t) = {1+x-sqrt[(1-x)^2-4xt]}/[2(1+t)] (see Drake et al.).
B(x,t)= x-t x^2/(1-x)= x-t(x^2+x^3+x^4+...) is the comp. inverse in x.
Let h(x,t) = 1/(dB/dx) = (1-x)^2/(1+(1+t)*x*(x-2)) = 1/(1-t(2x+3x^2+4x^3+...)), an o.g.f. in x for row polynomials in t of A181289. Then P(n,t) is given by (1/n!)(h(x,t)*d/dx)^n x, evaluated at x=0, A = exp(x*h(y,t)*d/dy) y, eval. at y=0, and dA/dx = h(A(x,t),t). These results are a special case of A133437 with u(x,t) = B(x,t), i.e., u_1=1 and (u_n)=-t for n > 1. See A001003 for t = 1. (End)
Let U(x,t) = [A(x,t)-x]/t, then U(x,0) = -dB(x,t)/dt and U satisfies dU/dt = UdU/dx, the inviscid Burgers' equation (Wikipedia), also called the Hopf equation (see Buchstaber et al.). Also U(x,t) = U(A(x,t),0) = U(x+tU,0) since U(x,0) = [x-B(x,t)]/t. - Tom Copeland, Mar 12 2012
Diagonals of A132081 are essentially rows of this sequence. - Tom Copeland, May 08 2012
T(r, s) is the number of [0,r]-covering hierarchies with s segments (see Kreweras). - Michel Marcus, Nov 22 2014
From Yu Hin Au, Dec 07 2019: (Start)
T(n,k) is the number of small Schröder n-paths (lattice paths from (0,0) to (2n,0) using steps U=(1,1), F=(2,0), D=(1,-1) with no F step on the x-axis) that has exactly k U steps.
T(n,k) is the number of Schröder trees (plane rooted tree where each internal node has at least two children) with exactly n+1 leaves and k internal nodes. (End)

			Triangle starts:
  1;
  0,  1;
  0,  1,  2;
  0,  1,  5,  5;
  0,  1,  9, 21, 14;
  ...

Michael De Vlieger, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..11475 (rows 0 <= n <= 150, flattened.)
Yu Hin (Gary) Au, Some Properties and Combinatorial Implications of Weighted Small Schröder Numbers, arXiv:1912.00555 [math.CO], 2019.
Paul Barry, On the Inverses of a Family of Pascal-Like Matrices Defined by Riordan Arrays, Journal of Integer Sequences, 16 (2013), #13.5.6.
Paul Barry, Three Études on a sequence transformation pipeline, arXiv:1803.06408 [math.CO], 2018.
Paul Barry, Generalized Catalan Numbers Associated with a Family of Pascal-like Triangles, J. Int. Seq., Vol. 22 (2019), Article 19.5.8.
V. Buchstaber and E. Bunkova,Elliptic formal group laws, integral Hirzebruch genera and Kirchever genera,, arXiv:1010.0944 [math-ph], 2010 (see p. 19).
V. Buchstaber and T. Panov, Toric Topology. Chapter 1: Geometry and Combinatorics of Polytopes,, arXiv:1102.1079 [math.CO], 2011-2012 (see p. 41).
G. Chatel, V. Pilaud, Cambrian Hopf Algebras, arXiv:1411.3704 [math.CO], 2014-2015.
T. Copeland, Generators, Inversion, and Matrix, Binomial, and Integral Transforms, 2015.
T. Copeland, Compositional inverse pairs, the Burgers-Hopf equation, and the Stasheff associahedra, 2014.
T. Copeland, Lagrange a la Lah, 2011.
B. Drake, Ira M. Gessel, and Guoce Xin, Three Proofs and a Generalization of the Goulden-Litsyn-Shevelev Conjecture on a Sequence Arising in Algebraic Geometry, J. of Integer Sequences, Vol. 10 (2007), Article 07.3.7.
G. Kreweras, Sur les hiérarchies de segments, Cahiers Bureau Universitaire Recherche Opérationnelle, Cahier 20, Inst. Statistiques, Univ. Paris, 1973, p. 21-22.
G. Kreweras, Sur les hiérarchies de segments, Cahiers du Bureau Universitaire de Recherche Opérationnelle, Institut de Statistique, Université de Paris, #20 (1973). (Annotated scanned copy)
J. Zhou, Quantum deformation theory of the Airy curve and the mirror symmetry of a point, arXiv preprint arXiv:1405.5296 [math.AG], 2014.

Diagonals: A000007, A000012, A000096, A033275, A033276, A033277, A033278, A033279, A000108, A002054, A002055, A002056, A007160, A033280, A033281.
The diagonals (except for A000007) are also the diagonals of A033282.
Row sums: A001003 (Schroeder numbers).
Cf. A033282, A084938.
Cf. A001003, A008297, A021009, A132081, A133437, A181289.

Table[Boole[n == 2] + If[# == -1, 0, Binomial[n - 3, #] Binomial[n + # - 1, #]/(# + 1)] &[k - 1], {n, 2, 12}, {k, 0, n - 2}] // Flatten (* after Jean-François Alcover at A033282, or *)
Table[If[n == 0, 1, Binomial[n, k] Binomial[n + k, k - 1]/n], {n, 0, 10}, {k, 0, n}] // Flatten (* Michael De Vlieger, Aug 22 2016 *)

t(n, k) = if (n==0, 1, binomial(n, k)*binomial(n+k, k-1)/n);
tabl(nn) = {for (n=0, nn, for (k=0, n, print1(t(n,k), ", ");); print(););} \\ Michel Marcus, Nov 22 2014

Triangle T(n, k) read by rows; given by [0, 1, 0, 1, 0, 1, ...] DELTA [1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, ...] where DELTA is Deléham's operator defined in A084938.
For k>0, T(n, k) = binomial(n-1, k-1)*binomial(n+k, k)/(n+1); T(0, 0) = 1 and T(n, 0) = 0 if n > 0. [corrected by Marko Riedel, May 04 2023]
Sum_{k>=0} T(n, k)*2^k = A107841(n). - Philippe Deléham, May 26 2005
Sum_{k>=0} T(n-k, k) = A005043(n). - Philippe Deléham, May 30 2005
T(n, k) = A108263(n+k, k). - Philippe Deléham, May 30 2005
Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*x^k = A000007(n), A001003(n), A107841(n), A131763(n), A131765(n), A131846(n), A131926(n), A131869(n), A131927(n) for x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, respectively. - Philippe Deléham, Nov 05 2007
Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*5^k*(-2)^(n-k) = A152601(n). - Philippe Deléham, Dec 10 2008
Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*(-1)^k*3^(n-k) = A154825(n). - Philippe Deléham, Jan 17 2009
Umbrally, P(n,t) = Lah[n-1,-t*a.]/n! = (1/n)*Sum_{k=1..n-1} binomial(n-2,k-1)a_k t^k/k!, where (a.)^k = a_k = (n-1+k)!/(n-1)!, the rising factorial, and Lah(n,t) = n!*Laguerre(n,-1,t) are the Lah polynomials A008297 related to the Laguerre polynomials of order -1. - Tom Copeland, Oct 04 2014
T(n, k) = binomial(n, k)*binomial(n+k, k-1)/n, for k >= 0; T(0, 0) = 1 (see Kreweras, p. 21). - Michel Marcus, Nov 22 2014
P(n,t) = Lah[n-1,-:Dt:]/n! t^(n-1) with (:Dt:)^k = (d/dt)^k t^k = k! Laguerre(k,0,-:tD:) with (:tD:)^j = t^j D^j. The normalized Laguerre polynomials of 0 order are given in A021009. - Tom Copeland, Aug 22 2016

Typo in a(60) corrected by Michael De Vlieger, Nov 21 2019

A078739 Triangle of generalized Stirling numbers S_{2,2}(n,k) read by rows (n>=1, 2<=k<=2n).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 4, 1, 4, 32, 38, 12, 1, 8, 208, 652, 576, 188, 24, 1, 16, 1280, 9080, 16944, 12052, 3840, 580, 40, 1, 32, 7744, 116656, 412800, 540080, 322848, 98292, 16000, 1390, 60, 1, 64, 46592, 1446368, 9196992, 20447056, 20453376, 10564304, 3047520, 511392, 50400

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane, Dec 21 2002

A generalization of the Stirling2 numbers S_{1,1} from A008277.
The g.f. for column k=2*K is (x^K)*pe(K,x)*d(k,x) and for k=2*K+1 it is (x^K)*po(K,x)*2*(K+1)*K*d(k,x), K>= 1, with d(k,x) := 1/product(1-p*(p-1)*x,p=2..k) and the row polynomials pe(n,x) := sum(A089275(n,m)*x^m,m=0..n-1) and po(n,x) := sum(A089276(n,m)*x^m,m=0..n-1). - Wolfdieter Lang, Nov 07 2003
The formula for the k-th column sequence is given in A089511.
Codara et al., show that T(n,k) gives the number of k-colorings of the graph nK_2 (the disjoint union of n copies of the complete graph K_2). An example is given below. - Peter Bala, Aug 15 2013

			From _Peter Bala_, Aug 15 2013: (Start)
The table begins
n\k | 2    3    4    5    6   7   8
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
  1 | 1
  2 | 2    4    1
  3 | 4   32   38   12    1
  4 | 8  208  652  576  188  24   1
...
Graph coloring interpretation of T(2,3) = 4: The graph 2K_2 is 2 copies of K_2, the complete graph on 2 vertices:
o---o  o---o
a   b  c   d
The four 3-colorings of 2K_2 are ac|b|d, ad|b|c, bc|a|d and bd|a|c. (End)

P. Blasiak, K. A. Penson and A. I. Solomon, The Boson Normal Ordering Problem and Generalized Bell Numbers, arXiv:quant-ph/0212072, 2002.
P. Blasiak, K. A. Penson and A. I. Solomon, The general boson normal ordering problem, arXiv:quant-ph/0402027, 2004.
P. Blasiak, K. A. Penson and A. I. Solomon, The general boson normal ordering problem, Phys. Lett. A 309 (2003) 198-205.
Steve Butler, Fan Chung, Jay Cummings, R. L. Graham, Juggling card sequences, arXiv:1504.01426 [math.CO], 2015.
Leonard Carlitz, On Arrays of Numbers, Am. J. Math., 54,4 (1932) 739-752. [Eqs. (3) and (4) with lambda = 0, mu = 2, a_{n,k-1} = a(n, k).- _Wolfdieter Lang_, Jan 30 2020 ]
P. Codara, O. M. D’Antona, P. Hell, A simple combinatorial interpretation of certain generalized Bell and Stirling numbers arXiv:1308.1700v1 [cs.DM]
A. Dzhumadildaev and D. Yeliussizov, Path decompositions of digraphs and their applications to Weyl algebra, arXiv preprint arXiv:1408.6764v1, 2014. [Version 1 contained many references to the OEIS, which were removed in Version 2. - _N. J. A. Sloane_, Mar 28 2015]
Askar Dzhumadil'daev and Damir Yeliussizov, Walks, partitions, and normal ordering, Electronic Journal of Combinatorics, 22(4) (2015), #P4.10.
S.-M. Ma, T. Mansour, M. Schork. Normal ordering problem and the extensions of the Stirling grammar, arXiv preprint arXiv:1308.0169 [math.CO], 2013.
Toufik Mansour, Matthias Schork and Mark Shattuck, The Generalized Stirling and Bell Numbers Revisited, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 15 (2012), #12.8.3.

Row sums give A020556. Triangle S_{1, 1} = A008277, S_{2, 1} = A008297 (ignoring signs), S_{3, 1} = A035342, S_{3, 2} = A078740, S_{3, 3} = A078741. A090214 (S_{4,4}).
The column sequences are A000079(n-1)(powers of 2), 4*A016129(n-2), A089271, 12*A089272, A089273, etc.
Main diagonal is A217900.
Cf. A071951 (Legendre-Stirling triangle).
Cf. A122193, A055203.

# Note that the function implements the full triangle because it can be
# much better reused and referenced in this form.
A078739 := proc(n,k) local r;
add((-1)^(n-r)*binomial(n,r)*combinat[stirling2](n+r,k),r=0..n) end:
# Displays the truncated triangle from the definition:
seq(print(seq(A078739(n,k),k=2..2*n)),n=1..6); # Peter Luschny, Mar 25 2011

t[n_, k_] := Sum[(-1)^(n-r)*Binomial[n, r]*StirlingS2[n+r, k], {r, 0, n}]; Table[t[n, k], {n, 1, 7}, {k, 2, 2*n}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Apr 11 2013, after Peter Luschny *)

a(n, k) = sum(binomial(k-2+p, p)*A008279(2, p)*a(n-1, k-2+p), p=0..2) if 2 <= k <= 2*n for n>=1, a(1, 2)=1; else 0. Here A008279(2, p) gives the third row (k=2) of the augmented falling factorial triangle: [1, 2, 2] for p=0, 1, 2. From eq.(21) with r=2 of the Blasiak et al. paper.
a(n, k) = (((-1)^k)/k!)*sum(((-1)^p)*binomial(k, p)*A008279(p, 2)^n, p=2..k) for 2 <= k <= 2*n, n>=1. From eq.(19) with r=2 of the Blasiak et al. paper.
a(n, k) = sum(A071951(n, j)*A089503(j, 2*j-k+1), j=ceiling(k/2)..min(n, k-1)), 1<=n, 2<=k<=2n; relation to Legendre-Stirling triangle. Wolfdieter Lang, Dec 01 2003
a(n, k) = A122193(n,k)*2^n/k! - Peter Luschny, Mar 25 2011
E^n = sum_{k=2}^(2n) a(n,k)*x^k*D^k where D is the operator d/dx, and E the operator x^2d^2/dx^2.
The row polynomials R(n,x) are given by the Dobinski-type formula R(n,x) = exp(-x)*sum {k = 0..inf} (k*(k-1))^n*x^k/k!. - Peter Bala, Aug 15 2013

More terms from Wolfdieter Lang, Nov 07 2003

A066667 Coefficient triangle of generalized Laguerre polynomials (a=1).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, -1, 6, -6, 1, 24, -36, 12, -1, 120, -240, 120, -20, 1, 720, -1800, 1200, -300, 30, -1, 5040, -15120, 12600, -4200, 630, -42, 1, 40320, -141120, 141120, -58800, 11760, -1176, 56, -1, 362880, -1451520, 1693440, -846720, 211680, -28224, 2016

Offset: 0

Christian G. Bower, Dec 17 2001

Same as A008297 (Lah triangle) except for signs.
Row sums give A066668. Unsigned row sums give A000262.
The Laguerre polynomials L(n;x;a=1) under discussion are connected with Hermite-Bell polynomials p(n;x) for power -1 (see also A215216) defined by the following relation: p(n;x) := x^(2n)*exp(x^(-1))*(d^n exp(-x^(-1))/dx^n). We have L(n;x;a=1)=(-x)^(n-1)*p(n;1/x), p(n+1;x)=x^2(dp(n;x)/dx)+(1-2*n*x)p(n;x), and p(1;x)=1, p(2;x)=1-2*x, p(3;x)=1-6*x+6*x^2, p(4;x)=1-12*x+36*x^2-24*x^3, p(5;x)=1-20*x+120*x^2-240*x^3+120*x^4. Note that if we set w(n;x):=x^(2n)*p(n;1/x) then w(n+1;x)=(w(n;x)-(dw(n;x)/dx))*x^2, which is almost analogous to the recurrence formula for Bell polynomials B(n+1;x)=(B(n;x)+(dB(n;x)/dx))*x. - Roman Witula, Aug 06 2012.

			Triangle a(n,m) begins
n\m     0        1       2       3      4      5    6   7  8
0:      1
1:      2       -1
2:      6       -6       1
3:     24      -36      12      -1
4:    120     -240     120     -20      1
5:    720    -1800    1200    -300     30     -1
6:   5040   -15120   12600   -4200    630    -42    1
7:  40320  -141120  141120  -58800  11760  -1176   56  -1
8: 362880 -1451520 1693440 -846720 211680 -28224 2016 -72  1
9: 3628800, -16329600, 21772800, -12700800, 3810240, -635040, 60480, -3240, 90, -1.
Reformatted and extended by _Wolfdieter Lang_, Jan 31 2013.
From _Wolfdieter Lang_, Jan 31 2013 (Start)
Recurrence (standard): a(4,2) = 2*4*12 - (-36) - 4*3*1 = 120.
Recurrence (simple): a(4,2) = 7*12 - (-36) = 120. (End)

M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions, National Bureau of Standards Applied Math. Series 55, Tenth Printing, 1972, p. 778 (22.5.17).
F. Bergeron, G. Labelle and P. Leroux, Combinatorial Species and Tree-Like Structures, Cambridge, 1998, p. 95 (4.1.62)
R. Witula, E. Hetmaniok, and D. Slota, The Hermite-Bell polynomials for negative powers, (submitted, 2012)

Michael De Vlieger, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..11475 (rows 0 >= n >= 150, flattened).
M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions, National Bureau of Standards, Applied Math. Series 55, Tenth Printing, 1972 [alternative scanned copy].
M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions, National Bureau of Standards Applied Math. Series 55, Tenth Printing, 1972, p. 778 (22.5.17).
Mathias Pétréolle and Alan D. Sokal, Lattice paths and branched continued fractions. II. Multivariate Lah polynomials and Lah symmetric functions, arXiv:1907.02645 [math.CO], 2019.
Jian Zhou, On Some Mathematics Related to the Interpolating Statistics, arXiv:2108.10514 [math-ph], 2021.

Cf. A021009, A062137, A062138, A062139, A062140, A089231.

A066667 := (n, k) -> (-1)^k*binomial(n, k)*(n + 1)!/(k + 1)!:
for n from 0 to 9 do seq(A066667(n,k), k = 0..n) od; # Peter Luschny, Jun 22 2022

Table[(-1)^m*Binomial[n, m]*(n + 1)!/(m + 1)!, {n, 0, 8}, {m, 0, n}] // Flatten (* Michael De Vlieger, Sep 04 2019 *)

row(n) = Vecrev(n!*pollaguerre(n, 1)); \\ Michel Marcus, Feb 06 2021

E.g.f. (relative to x, keep y fixed): A(x)=(1/(1-x))^2*exp(x*y/(x-1)).
From Wolfdieter Lang, Jan 31 2013: (Start)
a(n,m) = (-1)^m*binomial(n,m)*(n+1)!/(m+1)!, n >= m >= 0. [corrected by Georg Fischer, Oct 26 2022]
Recurrence from standard three term recurrence for orthogonal generalized Laguerre polynomials {P(n,x):=n!*L(1,n,x)}:
  P(n,x) = (2*n-x)*P(n-1,x) - n*(n-1)*P(n-2), n>=1, P(-1,x) = 0, P(0,x) = 1.
  a(n,m) = 2*n*a(n-1,m) - a(n-1,m-1) - n*(n-1)*a(n-2,m), n>=1, a(0,0) =1, a(n,-1) = 0, a(n,m) = 0 if n < m.
Simplified recurrence from explicit form of a(n,m):
  a(n,m) = (n+m+1)*a(n-1,m) - a(n-1,m-1), n >= 1, a(0,0) =1, a(n,-1) = 0, a(n,m) = 0 if n < m.
(End)

A001754 Lah numbers: a(n) = n!*binomial(n-1,2)/6.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 1, 12, 120, 1200, 12600, 141120, 1693440, 21772800, 299376000, 4390848000, 68497228800, 1133317785600, 19833061248000, 366148823040000, 7113748561920000, 145120470663168000, 3101950060425216000, 69337707233034240000, 1617879835437465600000

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane

a(n+1) = Sum_{pi in Symm(n)} Sum_{i=1..n} max(pi(i)-i,0)^2, i.e., the sum of the squares of the positive displacement of all letters in all permutations on n letters. - Franklin T. Adams-Watters, Oct 25 2006

Louis Comtet, Advanced Combinatorics, Reidel, 1974, p. 156.
John Riordan, An Introduction to Combinatorial Analysis, Wiley, 1958, p. 44.
N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..300

Column 3 of A008297.
Column m=3 of unsigned triangle A111596.
Cf. A005990, A053495, A260665.
Cf. A001113, A001620, A091725, A099285.

[Factorial(n)*Binomial(n-1, 2)/6: n in [1..25]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Oct 11 2011

Maple
```
[seq(n!*binomial(n-1,2)/6, n=1..40)];
```

Table[(n-2)*(n-1)*n!/12, {n, 21}] (* Arkadiusz Wesolowski, Nov 26 2012 *)
With[{nn=30},CoefficientList[Series[(x/(1-x))^3/6,{x,0,nn}],x] Range[0,nn]!] (* Harvey P. Dale, Oct 04 2017 *)

[factorial(n-1)*binomial(n,3)/2 for n in (1..30)] # G. C. Greubel, May 10 2021

E.g.f.: ((x/(1-x))^3)/3!.
If we define f(n,i,x) = Sum_{k=i..n} (Sum_{j=i..k} binomial(k,j) * Stirling1(n,k) * Stirling2(j,i)*x^(k-j)) then a(n+1) = (-1)^n*f(n,2,-4), n >= 2. - Milan Janjic, Mar 01 2009
a(n) = Sum_{k>=1} k * A260665(n,k). - Alois P. Heinz, Nov 14 2015
D-finite with recurrence (-n+5)*a(n) + (n-2)*(n-3)*a(n-1) = 0, n >= 4. - R. J. Mathar, Jan 06 2021
From Amiram Eldar, May 02 2022: (Start)
Sum_{n>=3} 1/a(n) = 6*(gamma - Ei(1)) + 9, where gamma = A001620 and Ei(1) = A091725.
Sum_{n>=3} (-1)^(n+1)/a(n) = 18*(gamma - Ei(-1)) - 12/e - 9, where Ei(-1) = -A099285 and e = A001113. (End)

A062137 Coefficient triangle of generalized Laguerre polynomials n!*L(n,3,x) (rising powers of x).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 4, -1, 20, -10, 1, 120, -90, 18, -1, 840, -840, 252, -28, 1, 6720, -8400, 3360, -560, 40, -1, 60480, -90720, 45360, -10080, 1080, -54, 1, 604800, -1058400, 635040, -176400, 25200, -1890, 70, -1, 6652800, -13305600, 9313920

Offset: 0

Wolfdieter Lang, Jun 19 2001

The row polynomials s(n,x) := n!*L(n,3,x) = Sum_{m=0..n} a(n,m)*x^m have e.g.f. exp(-z*x/(1-z))/(1-z)^4. They are Sheffer polynomials satisfying the binomial convolution identity s(n,x+y) = Sum_{k=0..n} binomial(n,k)*s(k,x)*p(n-k,y), with polynomials p(n,x) = Sum_{m=1..n} |A008297(n,m)|*(-x)^m, n >= 1 and p(0,x)=1 (for Sheffer polynomials see A048854 for S. Roman reference).
These polynomials appear in the radial part of the l=1 (p-wave) eigen functions for the discrete energy levels of the H-atom. See Messiah reference.
The unsigned version of this triangle is the triangle of unsigned 2-Lah numbers A143497. - Peter Bala, Aug 25 2008
This matrix (unsigned) is embedded in that for n!*L(n,-3,-x). Introduce 0,0,0 to each unsigned row and then add 1,-2,1,4,2,1 to the beginning of the array as the first three rows to generate n!*L(n,-3,-x). - Tom Copeland, Apr 21 2014
From Wolfdieter Lang, Jul 07 2014: (Start)
The standard Rodrigues formula for the monic generalized Laguerre polynomials (also called Laguerre-Sonin polynomials) is Lm(n,alpha,x) := (-1)^n*n!*L(n,3,x) is x^(-alpha)*exp(x)*(d/dx)^n(exp(-x)*x^(n+alpha)).
Another Rodrigues type formula is Lm(n,alpha,x) = exp(x)*x^(-alpha+n+1)*(-x^2*d/dx)^n*(exp(-x)*x^(alpha+1)). This is derivable from the differential - difference relation of Lm(n,alpha,x) which yields first the creation operator formula -(x*d/dx + (-x + alpha + n + 1))*Lm(n,alpha,x) = Lm(n+1,alpha,x) or in the variable q = log(x) the operator -(d/dq + alpha + n + 1 - exp(q)).
The identity (due to Christoph Mayer) (d/dq - (d/dq)W(q))*f(q) = exp(W(q)*d/dq(exp(-W(q)*f(q)) is then iterated with W(q) = W(alpha,n,q) = exp(q) - (alpha + n + 1)*q and a further change of variables leads then to the given result. (End)

			The triangle a(n,m) begins:
n\m       0        1       2     3    4   5 ...
0:        1
1:        4       -1
2:       20      -10      1
3:      120      -90     18     -1
4:      840     -840    252    -28    1
5:     6720    -8400   3360   -560   40  -1
... Formatted by _Wolfdieter Lang_, Jul 07 2014
For more rows see the link.
n = 2: 2!*L(2,3,x) = 20 - 10*x + x^2.

A. Messiah, Quantum mechanics, vol. 1, p. 419, eq.(XI.18a), North Holland, 1969.

Indranil Ghosh, Rows 0..125, flattened
Wolfdieter Lang, First eleven rows of the triangle.
Index entries for sequences related to Laguerre polynomials

For m=0..5 the (unsigned) columns give A001715, A061206, A062141-A062144. The row sums (signed) give A062146, the row sums (unsigned) give A062147.
Cf. A143497. - Peter Bala, Aug 25 2008
Cf. A062139, A105278. - Wolfdieter Lang, Jul 07 2014

Flatten[Table[((-1)^m)*n!*Binomial[n+3,n-m]/m!,{n,0,9},{m,0,n}]] (* Indranil Ghosh, Feb 23 2017 *)

row(n) = Vecrev(n!*pollaguerre(n, 3)); \\ Michel Marcus, Feb 06 2021

a(n, m) = ((-1)^m)*n!*binomial(n+3, n-m)/m!.

E.g.f. for m-th column sequence: ((-x/(1-x))^m)/(m!*(1-x)^4), m >= 0.

A062139 Coefficient triangle of generalized Laguerre polynomials n!*L(n,2,x) (rising powers of x).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 3, -1, 12, -8, 1, 60, -60, 15, -1, 360, -480, 180, -24, 1, 2520, -4200, 2100, -420, 35, -1, 20160, -40320, 25200, -6720, 840, -48, 1, 181440, -423360, 317520, -105840, 17640, -1512, 63, -1, 1814400, -4838400, 4233600

Offset: 0

Wolfdieter Lang, Jun 19 2001

The row polynomials s(n,x) := n!*L(n,2,x) = Sum_{m=0..n} a(n,m)*x^m have e.g.f. exp(-z*x/(1-z))/(1-z)^3. They are Sheffer polynomials satisfying the binomial convolution identity s(n,x+y) = Sum_{k=0..n} binomial(n,k)*s(k,x)*p(n-k,y), with polynomials p(n,x) = Sum_{m=1..n} |A008297(n,m)|*(-x)^m, n >= 1 and p(0,x)=1 (for Sheffer polynomials see A048854 for S. Roman reference).
This unsigned matrix is embedded in the matrix for n!*L(n,-2,-x). Introduce 0,0 to each unsigned row and then add 1,-1,1 to the array as the first two rows to generate n!*L(n,-2,-x). - Tom Copeland, Apr 20 2014
The unsigned n-th row reverse polynomial equals the numerator polynomial of the finite continued fraction 1 - x/(1 + (n+1)*x/(1 + n*x/(1 + n*x/(1 + ... + 2*x/(1 + 2*x/(1 + x/(1 + x/(1)))))))). Cf. A089231. The denominator polynomial of the continued fraction is the (n+1)-th row polynomial of A144084. An example is given below. - Peter Bala, Oct 06 2019

			Triangle begins:
     1;
     3,    -1;
    12,    -8,    1;
    60,   -60,   15,   -1;
   360,  -480,  180,  -24,  1;
  2520, -4200, 2100, -420, 35, -1;
  ...
2!*L(2,2,x) = 12 - 8*x + x^2.
Unsigned row 3 polynomial in reverse form as the numerator of a continued fraction: 1 - x/(1 + 4*x/(1 + 3*x/(1 + 3*x/(1 + 2*x/(1 + 2*x/(1 + x/(1 + x))))))) = (60*x^3 + 60*x^2 + 15*x + 1)/(24*x^4 + 96*x^3 + 72*x^2 + 16*x + 1). - _Peter Bala_, Oct 06 2019

Indranil Ghosh, Rows 0..125, flattened
Robert S. Maier, Boson Operator Ordering Identities from Generalized Stirling and Eulerian Numbers, arXiv:2308.10332 [math.CO], 2023. See p. 19.
Index entries for sequences related to Laguerre polynomials

For m=0..5 the (unsigned) columns give A001710, A005990, A005461, A062193-A062195. The row sums (signed) give A062197, the row sums (unsigned) give A052852.

Cf. A021009, A062137-A062140, A066667, A089231, A144084.

with(PolynomialTools):
p := n -> (n+2)!*hypergeom([-n],[3],x)/2:
seq(CoefficientList(simplify(p(n)), x), n=0..9); # Peter Luschny, Apr 08 2015

Flatten[Table[((-1)^m)*n!*Binomial[n+2,n-m]/m!,{n,0,8},{m,0,n}]] (* Indranil Ghosh, Feb 24 2017 *)

tabl(nn) = {for (n=0, nn, for (k=0, n, print1(((-1)^k)*n!*binomial(n+2, n-k)/k!, ", ");); print(););} \\ Michel Marcus, May 06 2014

row(n) = Vecrev(n!*pollaguerre(n, 2)); \\ Michel Marcus, Feb 06 2021

import math
f=math.factorial
def C(n,r):return f(n)//f(r)//f(n-r)
i=0
for n in range(16):
    for m in range(n+1):
        i += 1
        print(i,((-1)**m)*f(n)*C(n+2,n-m)//f(m)) # Indranil Ghosh, Feb 24 2017

from functools import cache
@cache
def T(n, k):
    if k < 0 or k > n: return 0
    if k == n: return (-1)**n
    return (n + k + 2) * T(n-1, k) - T(n-1, k-1)
for n in range(7): print([T(n,k) for k in range(n + 1)])
# Peter Luschny, Mar 25 2024

T(n, m) = ((-1)^m)*n!*binomial(n+2, n-m)/m!.
E.g.f. for m-th column sequence: ((-x/(1-x))^m)/(m!*(1-x)^3), m >= 0.
n!*L(n,2,x) = (n+2)!*hypergeom([-n],[3],x)/2. - Peter Luschny, Apr 08 2015
From Werner Schulte, Mar 24 2024: (Start)
T(n, k) = (n+k+2) * T(n-1, k) - T(n-1, k-1) with initial values T(0, 0) = 1 and T(i, j) = 0 if j < 0 or j > i.
T = T^(-1), i.e., T is matrix inverse of T. (End)

Previous Showing 31-40 of 107 results. Next

Previous name was: Triangle of numbers related to triangle A035529; generalization of Stirling numbers of second kind A008277, Lah-numbers A008297 and A035342.
a(n,m) enumerates unordered n-vertex m-forests composed of m plane increasing quartic (4-ary) trees. Proof based on the a(n,m) recurrence. See a D. Callan comment on the m=1 case A007559. See also the F. Bergeron et al. reference, especially Table 1, first row and Example 1 for the e.g.f. for m=1. - Wolfdieter Lang, Sep 14 2007
For the definition of the Bell transform see A264428. - Peter Luschny, Jan 19 2016

The Lah numbers can be seen as the case m=1 of the family of triangles T_{m}(n,k) = T_{m}(n-1,k-1)+(k^m+(n-1)^m)*T_{m}(n-1,k) (see the link 'Partition transform').

This is the Sheffer triangle (lower triangular infinite matrix) (1, x/(1-x)), an element of the Jabotinsky subgroup of the Sheffer group. - Wolfdieter Lang, Jun 12 2017

Also the number of labeled lone-child-avoiding rooted trees with n nodes. A rooted tree is lone-child-avoiding if it has no unary branchings, meaning every non-leaf node covers at least two other nodes. The unlabeled version is A001678(n + 1). - Gus Wiseman, Jan 20 2020

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A035469 Triangle read by rows, the Bell transform of the triple factorial numbers A007559(n+1) without column 0.

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A271703 Triangle read by rows: the unsigned Lah numbers T(n, k) = binomial(n-1, k-1)*n!/k! if n > 0 and k > 0, T(n, 0) = 0^n and otherwise 0, for n >= 0 and 0 <= k <= n.

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A060356 Expansion of e.g.f.: -LambertW(-x/(1+x)).

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A132056 Triangle read by rows, the Bell transform of Product_{k=0..n} 7*k+1 without column 0.

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A086810 Triangle obtained by adding a leading diagonal 1,0,0,0,... to A033282.

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A078739 Triangle of generalized Stirling numbers S_{2,2}(n,k) read by rows (n>=1, 2<=k<=2n).

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