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Note a connection to the Wieferich primes A001220: a(2) = (A001220(1) - 1)/2, a(3) = A001220(1) - 1, a(4) = (A001220(2) - 1)/2, a(5) = A001220(2) - 1. [Comment regarding a(2) added by Kevin J. Gomez, Jul 11 2017]

a(9) > 840000. - Giovanni Resta, May 13 2016

a(n) almost always equals A082687(n), but differs for n in A125740.

p divides a((p-1)/3) for primes p in A002476, that is, primes of form 6*n + 1. - Alexander Adamchuk, Jul 16 2006

For x real <> 1 - 1/log(2), Lim_{n -> infinity} abs(u(n) - n) = abs((x - 1)/(1 + (x - 1)*log(2))). [Corrected by Petros Hadjicostas, May 18 2020]

Difference between the denominator and the numerator of the (n-1)-th alternating harmonic number Sum_{k=1..n-1} (-1)^(k+1)*1/k = A058313(n-1)/A058312(n-1). - Alexander Adamchuk, Jul 22 2006

From Petros Hadjicostas, May 06 2020: (Start)

Inspired by Michael Somos's result below, we established the following formulas (valid for n >= 2). All the denominators in the first three formulas are equal to A334958(n).

b(n) = A024167(n)/gcd(A024167(n-1), A024167(n)).

c(n) = A024168(n)/gcd(A024168(n-1), A024168(n)).

d(n) = A024167(n-1)/gcd(A024167(n-1), A024167(n)).

b(n) + c(n) = n*(d(n) + a(n)).

u(n) = (A024167(n)*x + A024168(n))/(A024167(n-1)*x + A024168(n-1)). (End)

Indices k such that A119788(k) is not equal to 1.

Also indices k such that numerators of k*H'(k) = A119787(k) and H'(k) = A058313(k) are different (H'(k) is the alternating harmonic number H'(k) = Sum_{j=1..k} (-1)^(j+1)*1/j). The ratio of numerators A119787(k)/A058313(k) for k = 1..400 is given in A119788(k). A121595(k) = A119788(a(k)) is the compressed version of A119788(k) (all 1 entries are excluded).

Generalized harmonic numbers are defined as H(m,k) = Sum_{j=1..m} 1/j^k. Alternating generalized harmonic numbers are defined as H'(m,k) = Sum_{j=1..m} (-1)^(j+1)/j^k.

Sequence contains all geometric progressions of the form (p-1)*p^k for k > 0 and some primes p > 3. Note the factorization of initial terms of {a(n)} = {4*5, 6*7, 4*5^2, 10*11, 12*13, 16*17, 6*7^2, 18*19, 4*5^3, 22*23, 28*29, 30*31, 10*11^2, 36*37, 40*41, 42*43, 12*13^2, 6*7^3, 46*47, 4*5^4, 52*53, 58*59, 60*61, 66*67, 16*17^2, 70*71, 72*73, 78*79, 18*19^2, 82*83, ...}. The smallest term that does not fit this pattern is 11026 = ((149-1)/2) * 149.

Generalized harmonic numbers are defined as H(m,k) = Sum_{j=1..m} 1/j^k. Alternating generalized harmonic numbers are defined as H'(m,k) = Sum_{j=1..m} (-1)^(j+1)/j^k.

Note that {a(n)} contains the following geometric progressions: ((16843-1)/3)*16843^m found by Max Alekseyev, ((16843-1)/2)*16843^m found by Max Alekseyev, ((16843-1)*2/3)*16843^m, (16843-1)*16843^m, 20826*21647^m found by Max Alekseyev, ((2124679-1)/3)*2124679^m, ((2124679-1)/2)*2124679^m, ((2124679-1)*2/3)*2124679^m, (2124679-1)*2124679^m. Here {16843, 2124679} = A088164 are the only two currently known Wolstenholme Primes: primes p such that {2p-1} choose {p-1} == 1 mod p^4. See more details in Comments at A128672 and A125581.

Generalized harmonic numbers are defined as H(m,k) = Sum_{j=1..m} 1/j^k. Alternating generalized harmonic numbers are defined as H'(m,k) = Sum_{j=1..m} (-1)^(j+1)/j^k.

Sequence contains all terms of geometric progressions of the form (p-1)*p^k, k > 0, for some primes p >= 5, such as 4*5^k, 7*23^k, 15*23^k, 27*113^k, etc. Note the factorization of initial terms of {a(n)} = {4*5, 4*5^2, 10*11, 12*13, 7*23, 16*17, 18*19, 15*23, 4*5^3, 22*23, 28*29, 30*31, 10*11^2, 36*37, 40*41, 42*43, 12*13^2, 46*47, 4*5^4, 52*53, 27*113, 58*59, 60*61, 7*23^2, ...}. See more details in Comments at A128672 and A125581.

For x real <> 1 - 1/log(2), Lim_{n -> infinity} abs(u(n)-n) = abs((x - 1)/(1 + (x - 1)*log(2))). [Corrected by Petros Hadjicostas, May 18 2020]

From Petros Hadjicostas, May 05 2020: (Start)

Given x > 0, u(n) = (A075827(n)*x + A075828(n))/(a(n)*x + A075829(n)) = (b(n)*x + c(n))/(a(n)*x + d(n)) with gcd(gcd(b(n), c(n)), gcd(a(n), d(n))) = 1 for each n >= 1.

Conjecture 1: Define the sequences (A(n): n >= 1) and (B(n): n >= 1) by A(n+1) = n^2/A(n) + 1 for n >= 2 with A(1) = infinity and A(2) = 1, and B(n+1) = n^2/B(n) + 1 for n >= 3 with B(1) = 0, B(2) = infinity, and B(3) = 1. Then a(n) = denominator(A(n)), b(n) = numerator(A(n)), c(n) = numerator(B(n)), and d(n) = denominator(B(n)) (assuming infinity = 1/0). Also, gcd(a(n), d(n)) = 1.

In 2002, Michael Somos claimed that d(n) = A024168(n-1)/gcd(A024168(n-1), A024168(n)) for n >= 2. In 2006, N. J. A. Sloane claimed that a(n) = A058313(n-1) for n >= 2 while Alexander Adamchuk claimed that d(n) = A058312(n-1) - A058313(n-1) for n >= 2.

Conjecture 2: a(n) = A024167(n-1)/gcd(A024167(n-1), A024167(n)).

Conjecture 3: b(p) = a(p+1) for p = 1 or prime. In general, it seems that b(n) = A048671(n)*a(n+1) for all n for which A048671(n) < n.

Conjecture 4: c(n) = n*(a(n) + d(n)) - b(n) for n >= 1. (End)

All conjectures are proved in the link below except for the second part of Conjecture 3. - Petros Hadjicostas, May 21 2020

For n = 1..14, we have a(n) = A025527(n), but a(15) = 18144000 <> 3628800 = A025527(15).

It appears that A025527(n) | a(n) for all n >= 1 and A025527(n) = a(n) for infinitely many n. In addition, it seems that a(n)/a(n-1) = A048671(n) for infinitely many n >= 2. However, I have not established these claims.

This sequence appears in formulas for sequences A075827, A075828, A075829, and A075830 (the first one of which was established in 2002 by Michael Somos).

Conjecture: a(n) = n! * Product_{p <= n} p^min(0, v_p(H'(n))), where the product ranges over primes p, H'(n) = Sum_{k=1..n} (-1)^(k+1)/k, and v_p(r) is the p-adic valuation of rational r (checked for n < 1100).

Sum_{j=1..n} Sum_{i=1..n} 1/(i+j-1) = A117731(n) / A117664(n) = 2n * H'(2n) = 2n * A058313(2n) / A058312(2n), where H'(2n) is 2n-th alternating sign Harmonic Number. H'(2n) = H(2n) - H(n), where H(n) is n-th Harmonic Number. - Alexander Adamchuk, Apr 23 2006