A022388 -id:A022388 - cp's OEIS frontend

A000204 Lucas numbers (beginning with 1): L(n) = L(n-1) + L(n-2) with L(1) = 1, L(2) = 3.

1, 3, 4, 7, 11, 18, 29, 47, 76, 123, 199, 322, 521, 843, 1364, 2207, 3571, 5778, 9349, 15127, 24476, 39603, 64079, 103682, 167761, 271443, 439204, 710647, 1149851, 1860498, 3010349, 4870847, 7881196, 12752043, 20633239, 33385282, 54018521, 87403803, 141422324

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane

See A000032 for the version beginning 2, 1, 3, 4, 7, ...
Also called Schoute's accessory series (see Jean, 1984). - N. J. A. Sloane, Jun 08 2011
L(n) is the number of matchings in a cycle on n vertices: L(4)=7 because the matchings in a square with edges a, b, c, d (labeled consecutively) are the empty set, a, b, c, d, ac and bd. - Emeric Deutsch, Jun 18 2001
This comment covers a family of sequences which satisfy a recurrence of the form a(n) = a(n-1) + a(n-m), with a(n) = 1 for n = 1..m - 1, a(m) = m + 1. The generating function is (x + m*x^m)/(1 - x - x^m). Also a(n) = 1 + n*Sum_{i=1..n/m} binomial(n - 1 - (m - 1)*i, i - 1)/i. This gives the number of ways to cover (without overlapping) a ring lattice (or necklace) of n sites with molecules that are m sites wide. Special cases: m = 2: A000204, m = 3: A001609, m = 4: A014097, m = 5: A058368, m = 6: A058367, m = 7: A058366, m = 8: A058365, m = 9: A058364.
L(n) is the number of points of period n in the golden mean shift. The number of orbits of length n in the golden mean shift is given by the n-th term of the sequence A006206. - Thomas Ward, Mar 13 2001
Row sums of A029635 are 1, 1, 3, 4, 7, ... - Paul Barry, Jan 30 2005
a(n) counts circular n-bit strings with no repeated 1's. E.g., for a(5): 00000 00001 00010 00100 00101 01000 01001 01010 10000 10010 10100. Note #{0...} = fib(n+1), #{1...} = fib(n-1), #{000..., 001..., 100...} = a(n-1), #{010..., 101...} = a(n-2). - Len Smiley, Oct 14 2001
Row sums of the triangle in A182579. - Reinhard Zumkeller, May 07 2012
If p is prime then L(p) == 1 (mod p). L(2^k) == -1 (mod 2^(k+1)) for k = 0,1,2,... - Thomas Ordowski, Sep 25 2013
Satisfies Benford's law [Brown-Duncan, 1970; Berger-Hill, 2017]. - N. J. A. Sloane, Feb 08 2017

			G.f. = x + 3*x^2 + 4*x^3 + 7*x^4 + 11*x^5 + 18*x^6 + 29*x^7 + 47*x^8 + ...

P. Bachmann, Niedere Zahlentheorie (1902, 1910), reprinted Chelsea, NY, 1968, vol. 2, p. 69.
L. Comtet, Advanced Combinatorics, Reidel, 1974, p. 46.
Leonhard Euler, Introductio in analysin infinitorum (1748), sections 216 and 229.
G. Everest, A. van der Poorten, I. Shparlinski and T. Ward, Recurrence Sequences, Amer. Math. Soc., 2003; see esp. p. 255.
G. H. Hardy and E. M. Wright, An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers. 3rd ed., Oxford Univ. Press, 1954, p. 148.
Silvia Heubach and Toufik Mansour, Combinatorics of Compositions and Words, CRC Press, 2010.
V. E. Hoggatt, Jr., Fibonacci and Lucas Numbers. Houghton, Boston, MA, 1969.
R. V. Jean, Mathematical Approach to Pattern and Form in Plant Growth, Wiley, 1984. See p. 5. - N. J. A. Sloane, Jun 08 2011
Thomas Koshy, "Fibonacci and Lucas Numbers with Applications", John Wiley and Sons, 2001.
N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).
S. Vajda, Fibonacci and Lucas numbers and the Golden Section, Ellis Horwood Ltd., Chichester, 1989.

Indranil Ghosh, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..4780 (terms 1..500 computed by N. J. A. Sloane)
Mohammad K. Azarian, Identities Involving Lucas or Fibonacci and Lucas Numbers as Binomial Sums, International Journal of Contemporary Mathematical Sciences, Vol. 7, No. 45, 2012, pp. 2221-2227.
Arno Berger and Theodore P. Hill, What is Benford's Law?, Notices, Amer. Math. Soc., 64:2 (2017), 132-134.
J. Brown and R. L. Duncan, Modulo one uniform distribution of the sequence of logarithms of certain recursive sequences, Fibonacci Quarterly 8 (1970) 482-486.
Enrico Di Cera and Yong Kong, Theory of multivalent binding in one and two-dimensional lattices, Biophysical Chemistry, Vol. 61 (1996), pp. 107-124.
G. Everest, A. J. van der Poorten, Y. Puri and T. Ward, Integer Sequences and Periodic Points, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 5 (2002), Article 02.2.3
Sergio Falcon, On The Generating Functions of the Powers of the K-Fibonacci Numbers, Scholars Journal of Engineering and Technology (SJET), 2014; 2 (4C):669-675.
Scott Garrabrant and Igor Pak, Counting with irrational tiles, arXiv:1407.8222 [math.CO], 2014.
R. K. Guy, The strong law of small numbers. Amer. Math. Monthly 95 (1988), no. 8, 697-712. [Annotated scanned copy]
Sarah H. Holliday and Takao Komatsu, On the Sum of Reciprocal Generalized Fibonacci Numbers, Integers. Volume 11, Issue 4, Pages 441-455.
R. Jovanovic, First 70 Lucas numbers
Blair Kelly, Factorizations of Lucas numbers
Tanya Khovanova, Recursive Sequences
Clark Kimberling, Matrix Transformations of Integer Sequences, J. Integer Seqs., Vol. 6, 2003.
Ron Knott, The Lucas Numbers in Pascal's Triangle.
Kantaphon Kuhapatanakul, On the Sums of Reciprocal Generalized Fibonacci Numbers, J. Int. Seq. 16 (2013) #13.7.1.
D. H. Lehmer, On Stern's Diatomic Series, Amer. Math. Monthly 36(1) 1929, pp. 59-67. [Annotated and corrected scanned copy]
Edouard Lucas, The Theory of Simply Periodic Numerical Functions, Fibonacci Association, 1969. English translation of article "Théorie des Fonctions Numériques Simplement Périodiques, I", Amer. J. Math., 1 (1878), 184-240.
Mathilde Noual, Dynamics in parallel of double Boolean automata circuits, arXiv:1011.3930 [cs.DM], 2010. - _N. J. A. Sloane_, Jul 07 2012
Mathilde Noual, Dynamics of Circuits and Intersecting Circuits, in Language and Automata Theory and Applications, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2012, Volume 7183/2012, 433-444. - _N. J. A. Sloane_, Jul 07 2012
Simon Plouffe, Approximations de séries génératrices et quelques conjectures, Dissertation, Université du Québec à Montréal, 1992; arXiv:0911.4975 [math.NT], 2009.
Simon Plouffe, 1031 Generating Functions, Appendix to Thesis, Montreal, 1992
Yash Puri and Thomas Ward, A dynamical property unique to the Lucas sequence, Fibonacci Quarterly, Volume 39, Number 5 (November 2001), pp. 398-402.
Yash Puri and Thomas Ward, Arithmetic and growth of periodic orbits, J. Integer Seqs., Vol. 4 (2001), #01.2.1.
José L. Ramírez, Gustavo N. Rubiano, and Rodrigo de Castro, A Generalization of the Fibonacci Word Fractal and the Fibonacci Snowflake, arXiv preprint arXiv:1212.1368 [cs.DM], 2012.
José L. Ramírez and Gustavo N. Rubiano, Properties and Generalizations of the Fibonacci Word Fractal, The Mathematica Journal, Vol. 16 (2014).
Mark A. Shattuck and Carl G. Wagner, Periodicity and Parity Theorems for a Statistic on r-Mino Arrangements, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 9 (2006), Article 06.3.6.
N. J. A. Sloane, Illustration of initial terms: the Lucas tree
Zdzisław Skupień, Sums of Powered Characteristic Roots Count Distance-Independent Circular Sets, Discussiones Mathematicae Graph Theory. Volume 33, Issue 1, Pages 217-229, ISSN (Print) 2083-5892, DOI: 10.7151/dmgt.1658, April 2013.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Lucas Number
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Lucas n-Step Number
Richard J. Yanco, Letter and Email to N. J. A. Sloane, 1994
Index entries for "core" sequences
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (1,1).
Index entries for sequences related to Benford's law

Cf. A000032, A000045, A061084, A027960, A001609, A014097, A000079, A003269, A003520, A005708, A005709, A005710, A006206, A101033, A101032, A100492, A099731, A094216, A094638, A000108, A090946 (complement).

a000204 n = a000204_list !! n
a000204_list = 1 : 3 : zipWith (+) a000204_list (tail a000204_list)
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Dec 18 2011

[Lucas(n): n in [1..30]]; // G. C. Greubel, Dec 17 2017

A000204 := proc(n) option remember; if n <=2 then 2*n-1; else procname(n-1)+procname(n-2); fi; end;
with(combinat): A000204 := n->fibonacci(n+1)+fibonacci(n-1);
# alternative Maple program:
L:= n-> (<<1|1>, <1|0>>^n. <<2, -1>>)[1, 1]:
seq(L(n), n=1..50);  # Alois P. Heinz, Jul 25 2008
# Alternative:
a := n -> `if`(n=1, 1, `if`(n=2, 3, hypergeom([(1-n)/2, -n/2], [1-n], -4))):
seq(simplify(a(n)), n=1..39); # Peter Luschny, Sep 03 2019

c = (1 + Sqrt[5])/2; Table[Expand[c^n + (1 - c)^n], {n, 30}] (* Artur Jasinski, Oct 05 2008 *)
Table[LucasL[n, 1], {n, 36}] (* Zerinvary Lajos, Jul 09 2009 *)
LinearRecurrence[{1, 1},{1, 3}, 50] (* Sture Sjöstedt, Nov 28 2011 *)
lukeNum[n_] := If[n < 1, 0, LucasL[n]]; (* Michael Somos, May 18 2015 *)
lukeNum[n_] := SeriesCoefficient[x D[Log[1 / (1 - x - x^2)], x], {x, 0, n}]; (* Michael Somos, May 18 2015 *)

A000204(n)=fibonacci(n+1)+fibonacci(n-1) \\ Michael B. Porter, Nov 05 2009

from functools import cache
@cache
def a(n): return [1, 3][n-1] if n < 3 else a(n-1) + a(n-2)
print([a(n) for n in range(1, 41)]) # Michael S. Branicky, Nov 13 2022

[(i:=-1)+(j:=2)] + [(j:=i+j)+(i:=j-i) for  in range(100)] # _Jwalin Bhatt, Apr 02 2025

def A000204():
    x, y = 1, 2
    while true:
       yield x
       x, y = x + y, x
a = A000204(); print([next(a) for i in range(39)])  # Peter Luschny, Dec 17 2015

def lucas(n: BigInt): BigInt = {
  val zero = BigInt(0)
  def fibTail(n: BigInt, a: BigInt, b: BigInt): BigInt = n match {
    case `zero` => a
    case _ => fibTail(n - 1, b, a + b)
  }
  fibTail(n, 2, 1)
}
(1 to 50).map(lucas()) // _Alonso del Arte, Oct 20 2019

Expansion of x(1 + 2x)/(1 - x - x^2). - Simon Plouffe, dissertation 1992; multiplied by x. - R. J. Mathar, Nov 14 2007
a(n) = A000045(2n)/A000045(n). - Benoit Cloitre, Jan 05 2003
For n > 1, L(n) = F(n + 2) - F(n - 2), where F(n) is the n-th Fibonacci number (A000045). - Gerald McGarvey, Jul 10 2004
a(n+1) = 4*A054886(n+3) - A022388(n) - 2*A022120(n+1) (a conjecture; note that the above sequences have different offsets). - Creighton Dement, Nov 27 2004
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..floor((n+1)/2)} (n+1)*binomial(n - k + 1, k)/(n - k + 1). - Paul Barry, Jan 30 2005
L(n) = A000045(n+3) - 2*A000045(n). - Creighton Dement, Oct 07 2005
L(n) = A000045(n+1) + A000045(n-1). - John Blythe Dobson, Sep 29 2007
a(n) = 2*Fibonacci(n-1) + Fibonacci(n), n >= 1. - Zerinvary Lajos, Oct 05 2007
L(n) is the term (1, 1) in the 1 X 2 matrix [2, -1].[1, 1; 1, 0]^n. - Alois P. Heinz, Jul 25 2008
a(n) = phi^n + (1 - phi)^n = phi^n + (-phi)^(-n) = ((1 + sqrt(5))^n + (1 - sqrt(5))^n)/(2^n) where phi is the golden ratio (A001622). - Artur Jasinski, Oct 05 2008
a(n) = A014217(n+1) - A014217(n-1). See A153263. - Paul Curtz, Dec 22 2008
a(n) = ((1 + sqrt(5))^n - (1 - sqrt(5))^n)/(2^n*sqrt(5)) + ((1 + sqrt(5))^(n - 1) - (1 - sqrt(5))^(n - 1))/(2^(n - 2)*sqrt(5)). - Al Hakanson (hawkuu(AT)gmail.com), Jan 12 2009, Jan 14 2009
From Hieronymus Fischer, Oct 20 2010 (Start)
Continued fraction for n odd: [L(n); L(n), L(n), ...] = L(n) + fract(Fib(n) * phi).
Continued fraction for n even: [L(n); -L(n), L(n), -L(n), L(n), ...] = L(n) - 1 + fract(Fib(n)*phi). Also: [L(n) - 2; 1, L(n) - 2, 1, L(n) - 2, ...] = L(n) - 2 + fract(Fib(n)*phi). (End)
INVERT transform of (1, 2, -1, -2, 1, 2, ...). - Gary W. Adamson, Mar 07 2012
L(2n - 1) = floor(phi^(2n - 1)); L(2n) = ceiling(phi^(2n)). - Thomas Ordowski, Jun 15 2012
a(n) = hypergeom([(1 - n)/2, -n/2], [1 - n], -4) for n >= 3. - Peter Luschny, Sep 03 2019
E.g.f.: 2*(exp(x/2)*cosh(sqrt(5)*x/2) - 1). - Stefano Spezia, Jul 26 2022

Additional comments from Yong Kong (ykong(AT)curagen.com), Dec 16 2000

Plouffe Maple line edited by N. J. A. Sloane, May 13 2008

A035513 Wythoff array read by falling antidiagonals.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 4, 3, 7, 6, 5, 11, 10, 9, 8, 18, 16, 15, 12, 13, 29, 26, 24, 20, 14, 21, 47, 42, 39, 32, 23, 17, 34, 76, 68, 63, 52, 37, 28, 19, 55, 123, 110, 102, 84, 60, 45, 31, 22, 89, 199, 178, 165, 136, 97, 73, 50, 36, 25, 144, 322, 288, 267, 220, 157, 118, 81, 58, 41, 27, 233, 521

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane

T(0,0)=1, T(0,1)=2,...; y^2-x^2-xy

Inverse of sequence A064274 considered as a permutation of the nonnegative integers. - Howard A. Landman, Sep 25 2001

The Wythoff array W consists of all the Wythoff pairs (x(n),y(n)), where x=A000201 and y=A001950, so that W contains every positive integer exactly once. The differences T(i,2j+1)-T(i,2j) form the Wythoff difference array, A080164, which also contains every positive integer exactly once. - Clark Kimberling, Feb 08 2003

For n>2 the determinant of any n X n contiguous subarray of A035513 (as a square array) is 0. - Gerald McGarvey, Sep 18 2004

From Clark Kimberling, Nov 14 2007: (Start)

Except for initial terms in some cases:

(Row 1) = A000045

(Row 2) = A000032

(Row 3) = A006355

(Row 4) = A022086

(Row 5) = A022087

(Row 6) = A000285

(Row 7) = A022095

(Row 8) = A013655 (sum of Fibonacci and Lucas numbers)

(Row 9) = A022112

(Row 10-19) = A022113, A022120, A022121, A022379, A022130, A022382, A022088, A022136, A022137, A022089

(Row 20-28) = A022388, A022096, A022090, A022389, A022097, A022091, A022390, A022098, A022092

(Column 1) = A003622 = AA Wythoff sequence

(Column 2) = A035336 = BA Wythoff sequence

(Column 3) = A035337 = ABA Wythoff sequence

(Column 4) = A035338 = BBA Wythoff sequence

(Column 5) = A035339 = ABBA Wythoff sequence

(Column 6) = A035340 = BBBA Wythoff sequence

Main diagonal = A020941. (End)

The Wythoff array is the dispersion of the sequence given by floor(n*x+x-1), where x=(golden ratio). See A191426 for a discussion of dispersions. - Clark Kimberling, Jun 03 2011

If u and v are finite sets of numbers in a row of the Wythoff array such that (product of all the numbers in u) = (product of all the numbers in v), then u = v. See A160009 (row 1 products), A274286 (row 2), A274287 (row 3), A274288 (row 4). - Clark Kimberling, Jun 17 2016

All columns of the Wythoff array are compound Wythoff sequences. This follows from the main theorem in the 1972 paper by Carlitz, Scoville and Hoggatt. For an explicit expression see Theorem 10 in Kimberling's paper from 2008 in JIS. - Michel Dekking, Aug 31 2017

The Wythoff array can be viewed as an infinite graph over the set of nonnegative integers, built as follows: start with an empty graph; for all n = 0, 1, ..., create an edge between n and the sum of the degrees of all i < n. Finally, remove vertex 0. In the resulting graph, the connected components are chains and correspond to the rows of the Wythoff array. - Luc Rousseau, Sep 28 2017

Suppose that h < k are consecutive terms in a row of the Wythoff array. If k is in an even numbered column, then h = floor(k/tau); otherwise, h = -1 + floor(k/tau). - Clark Kimberling, Mar 05 2020

From Clark Kimberling, May 26 2020: (Start)

For k > = 0, column k shows the numbers m having F(k+1) as least term in the Zeckendorf representation of m. For n >= 1, let r(n,k) be the number of terms in column k that are <= n. Then n/r(n,k) = n/(F(k+1)*tau + F(k)*(n-1)), by Bottomley's formula, so that the limiting ratio is 1/(F(k+1)*tau + F(k)). Summing over all k gives Sum_{k>=0} 1/(F(k+1)*tau + F(k)) = 1. Thus, in the limiting sense:

38.19...% of the numbers m have least term 1;

23.60...% have least term 2;

14.58...% have least term 3;

9.01...% have least term 5, etc. (End)

Named after the Dutch mathematician Willem Abraham Wythoff (1865-1939). - Amiram Eldar, Jun 11 2021

From Clark Kimberling, Jun 04 2025: (Start)

Let u(n) = (T(n,1),T(n,2)) mod 2. The positive integers (A000027) are partitioned into 4 sets (sequences):

{n : u(n) = (0,0)} = (3, 5, 9, 15, 19, 25, 29,...) = 1 + 2*A190429

{n: u(n) = (0,1)} = (2, 6, 12, 16, 18, 22, 28,...) = A191331

{n : u(n) = (1,0)} = (1, 7, 11, 13, 17, 21, 23,...) = A086843

{n: u(n) = (1,1)} = (4, 8, 10, 14, 20, 24, 26,...) = A191330.

Let v(n) = (T(n,1),T(n,2)) mod 3. The positive integers are partitioned into 9 sets (sequences):

{n : v(n) = (0,0)} = (4, 13, 19, 28, 43, 52,...) = 1 + 3*A190434

{n: v(n) = (0,1)} = (3, 12, 27, 36, 42, 51,...) = 3*A140399

{n : v(n) = (0,2)} = (5, 11, 20, 35, 44, 50,...) = 2 + 3*A190439

{n: v(n) = (1,0)} = (9, 18, 24, 33, 48, 57,...) = 3*A140400

{n: v(n) = (1,1)} = (2, 8, 17, 26, 32, 41,...) = A384601

{n : v(n) = (1,2)} = (1, 10, 16, 25, 34, 40,...) = A384602

{n: v(n) = (2,0)} = (14, 23, 29, 38, 47, 53,...) = 2 + 3*A190438

{n: v(n) = (2,1)} = (7, 22, 31, 37, 46, 61,...) = 1 + 3*A190433

{n : v(n) = (2,2)} = (6, 15, 21, 30, 39, 45,...) = 3*A140398.

Conjecture: If m >= 2, then {(T(n,1), T(n,2)) mod m} has cardinality m^2. (End)

			The Wythoff array begins:
   1    2    3    5    8   13   21   34   55   89  144 ...
   4    7   11   18   29   47   76  123  199  322  521 ...
   6   10   16   26   42   68  110  178  288  466  754 ...
   9   15   24   39   63  102  165  267  432  699 1131 ...
  12   20   32   52   84  136  220  356  576  932 1508 ...
  14   23   37   60   97  157  254  411  665 1076 1741 ...
  17   28   45   73  118  191  309  500  809 1309 2118 ...
  19   31   50   81  131  212  343  555  898 1453 2351 ...
  22   36   58   94  152  246  398  644 1042 1686 2728 ...
  25   41   66  107  173  280  453  733 1186 1919 3105 ...
  27   44   71  115  186  301  487  788 1275 2063 3338 ...
  ...
The extended Wythoff array has two extra columns, giving the row number n and A000201(n), separated from the main array by a vertical bar:
0     1  |   1    2    3    5    8   13   21   34   55   89  144   ...
1     3  |   4    7   11   18   29   47   76  123  199  322  521   ...
2     4  |   6   10   16   26   42   68  110  178  288  466  754   ...
3     6  |   9   15   24   39   63  102  165  267  432  699 1131   ...
4     8  |  12   20   32   52   84  136  220  356  576  932 1508   ...
5     9  |  14   23   37   60   97  157  254  411  665 1076 1741   ...
6    11  |  17   28   45   73  118  191  309  500  809 1309 2118   ...
7    12  |  19   31   50   81  131  212  343  555  898 1453 2351   ...
8    14  |  22   36   58   94  152  246  398  644 1042 1686 2728   ...
9    16  |  25   41   66  107  173  280  453  733 1186 1919 3105   ...
10   17  |  27   44   71  115  186  301  487  788 1275 2063 3338   ...
11   19  |  30   49   79   ...
12   21  |  33   54   87   ...
13   22  |  35   57   92   ...
14   24  |  38   62   ...
15   25  |  40   65   ...
16   27  |  43   70   ...
17   29  |  46   75   ...
18   30  |  48   78   ...
19   32  |  51   83   ...
20   33  |  53   86   ...
21   35  |  56   91   ...
22   37  |  59   96   ...
23   38  |  61   99   ...
24   40  |  64   ...
25   42  |  67   ...
26   43  |  69   ...
27   45  |  72   ...
28   46  |  74   ...
29   48  |  77   ...
30   50  |  80   ...
31   51  |  82   ...
32   53  |  85   ...
33   55  |  88   ...
34   56  |  90   ...
35   58  |  93   ...
36   59  |  95   ...
37   61  |  98   ...
38   63  |     ...
   ...
Each row of the extended Wythoff array also satisfies the Fibonacci recurrence, and may be extended to the left using this recurrence backwards.
From _Peter Munn_, Jun 11 2021: (Start)
The Wythoff array appears to have the following relationship to the traditional Fibonacci rabbit breeding story, modified for simplicity to be a story of asexual reproduction.
Give each rabbit a number, 0 for the initial rabbit.
When a new round of rabbits is born, allocate consecutive numbers according to 2 rules (the opposite of many cultural rules for inheritance precedence): (1) newly born child of Rabbit 0 gets the next available number; (2) the descendants of a younger child of any given rabbit precede the descendants of an older child of the same rabbit.
Row n of the Wythoff array lists the children of Rabbit n (so Rabbit 0's children have the Fibonacci numbers: 1, 2, 3, 5, ...). The generation tree below shows rabbits 0 to 20. It is modified so that each round of births appears on a row.
                                                                 0
                                                                 :
                                       ,-------------------------:
                                       :                         :
                       ,---------------:                         1
                       :               :                         :
              ,--------:               2               ,---------:
              :        :               :               :         :
        ,-----:        3         ,-----:         ,-----:         4
        :     :        :         :     :         :     :         :
     ,--:     5     ,--:     ,---:     6     ,---:     7     ,---:
     :  :     :     :  :     :   :     :     :   :     :     :   :
  ,--:  8  ,--:  ,--:  9  ,--:  10  ,--:  ,--:  11  ,--:  ,--:  12
  :  :  :  :  :  :  :  :  :  :   :  :  :  :  :   :  :  :  :  :   :
  : 13  :  : 14  : 15  :  : 16   :  : 17  : 18   :  : 19  : 20   :
The extended array's nontrivial extra column (A000201) gives the number that would have been allocated to the first child of Rabbit n, if Rabbit n (and only Rabbit n) had started breeding one round early.
(End)

John H. Conway, Posting to Math Fun Mailing List, Nov 25 1996.
Clark Kimberling, "Stolarsky interspersions," Ars Combinatoria 39 (1995) 129-138.

Alois P. Heinz, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..5151
Peter G. Anderson, More Properties of the Zeckendorf Array, Fib. Quart. 52-5 (2014), 15-21.
L. Carlitz, Richard Scoville, and V. E. Hoggatt, Jr., Fibonacci representations, Fib. Quart., Vol. 10, No. 1 (1972), pp. 1-28.
Code Golf Stack Exchange, New Order #5: where Fibonacci and Beatty meet at Wythoff.
J. H. Conway, Allan Wechsler, Marc LeBrun, Dan Hoey, and N. J. A. Sloane, On Kimberling Sums and Para-Fibonacci Sequences, Correspondence and Postings to Math-Fun Mailing List, Nov 1996 to Jan 1997.
John Conway and Alex Ryba, The extra Fibonacci series and the Empire State Building, Math. Intelligencer, Vol. 38, No. 1 (2016), pp. 41-48.
Larry Ericksen and Peter G. Anderson, Patterns in differences between rows in k-Zeckendorf arrays, The Fibonacci Quarterly, Vol. 50, No. 1 (February 2012), pp. 11-18. - _N. J. A. Sloane_, Jun 10 2012
Clark Kimberling, Interspersions.
Clark Kimberling, The Zeckendorf array equals the Wythoff array, Fibonacci Quarterly, Vol. 33, No. 1 (1995), pp. 3-8.
Clark Kimberling, Complementary equations and Wythoff Sequences, JIS, Vol. 11 (2008), Article 08.3.3.
Clark Kimberling, Lucas Representations of Positive Integers, J. Int. Seq., Vol. 23 (2020), Article 20.9.5.
Clark Kimberling and Kenneth B. Stolarsky, Slow Beatty sequences, devious convergence, and partitional divergence, Amer. Math. Monthly, 123, No. 2 (2016), pp. 267-273.
Stéphane Legendre, Labeled Fibonacci Trees, Fibonacci Quart. 53 (2015), no. 2, 152-167.
A. J. Macfarlane, On the fibbinary numbers and the Wythoff array, arXiv:2405.18128 [math.CO], 2024. See pages 1-2.
Casey Mongoven, Sonification of multiple Fibonacci-related sequences, Annales Mathematicae et Informaticae, Vol. 41 (2013), pp. 175-192.
N. J. A. Sloane, My favorite integer sequences, in Sequences and their Applications (Proceedings of SETA '98).
N. J. A. Sloane, Classic Sequences
Sam Vandervelde, On the divisibility of Fibonacci sequences by primes of index two, The Fibonacci Quarterly, Vol. 50, No. 3 (2012), pp. 207-216. See Figure 1.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Wythoff Array.
Wikipedia, Wythoff array.
Pedro Zanetti, C++ code snippet, for generating this sequence.
Index entries for sequences that are permutations of the natural numbers

See comments above for more cross-references.
Cf. A003622, A064274 (inverse), A083412 (transpose), A000201, A001950, A080164, A003603, A265650, A019586 (row that contains n).
For two versions of the extended Wythoff array, see A287869, A287870.

W:= proc(n,k) Digits:= 100; (Matrix([n, floor((1+sqrt(5))/2* (n+1))]). Matrix([[0,1], [1,1]])^(k+1))[1,2] end: seq(seq(W(n, d-n), n=0..d), d=0..10); # Alois P. Heinz, Aug 18 2008
A035513 := proc(r, c)
    option remember;
    if c = 1 then
        A003622(r) ;
    else
        A022342(1+procname(r, c-1)) ;
    end if;
end proc:
seq(seq(A035513(r,d-r),r=1..d-1),d=2..15) ; # R. J. Mathar, Jan 25 2015

W[n_, k_] := Fibonacci[k + 1] Floor[n*GoldenRatio] + (n - 1) Fibonacci[k]; Table[ W[n - k + 1, k], {n, 12}, {k, n, 1, -1}] // Flatten

T(n,k)=(n+sqrtint(5*n^2))\2*fibonacci(k+1) + (n-1)*fibonacci(k)
for(k=0,9,for(n=1,k, print1(T(n,k+1-n)", "))) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Mar 09 2016

from sympy import fibonacci as F, sqrt
import math
tau = (sqrt(5) + 1)/2
def T(n, k): return F(k + 1)*int(math.floor(n*tau)) + F(k)*(n - 1)
for n in range(1, 11): print([T(k, n - k + 1) for k in range(1, n + 1)]) # Indranil Ghosh, Apr 23 2017

from math import isqrt, comb
from gmpy2 import fib2
def A035513(n):
    a = (m:=isqrt(k:=n<<1))+(k>m*(m+1))
    x = n-comb(a,2)
    b, c = fib2(a-x+2)
    return b*(x+isqrt(5*x*x)>>1)+c*(x-1) # Chai Wah Wu, Jun 26 2025

T(n, k) = Fib(k+1)*floor[n*tau]+Fib(k)*(n-1) where tau = (sqrt(5)+1)/2 = A001622 and Fib(n) = A000045(n). - Henry Bottomley, Dec 10 2001

T(n,-1) = n-1. T(n,0) = floor(n*tau). T(n,k) = T(n,k-1) + T(n,k-2) for k>=1. - R. J. Mathar, Sep 03 2016

Comments about the extended Wythoff array added by N. J. A. Sloane, Mar 07 2016

A127830 a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} (binomial(floor(k/2),n-k) mod 2).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 2, 2, 3, 2, 3, 5, 5, 4, 4, 5, 4, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 3, 4, 5, 3, 5, 8, 8, 7, 6, 7, 7, 5, 6, 8, 7, 6, 5, 5, 5, 4, 4, 5, 6, 5, 5, 7, 6, 4, 5, 6, 7, 7, 5, 6, 8, 5, 8, 13, 13, 11, 10, 12, 11, 8, 9, 11, 11, 10, 8, 9, 10, 7, 9, 13, 12

Offset: 0

Paul Barry, Feb 01 2007

Row sums of number triangle A127829.
From Johannes W. Meijer, Jun 05 2011: (Start)
The Ze3 and Ze4 triangle sums, see A180662 for their definitions, of Sierpinski's triangle A047999 equal this sequence.
The sequences A127830(2^n-p), p>=0, are apparently all Fibonacci like sequences, i.e., the next term is the sum of the two nonzero terms that precede it; see the crossrefs. (End)

Cf.: A000045 (p=0), A000204 (p=7), A001060 (p=13), A000285 (p=14), A022095 (p=16), A022120 (p=24), A022121 (p=25), A022113 (p=28), A022096 (p=30), A022097 (p=31), A022098 (p=32), A022130 (p=44), A022137 (p=48), A022138 (p=49), A022122 (p=52), A022114 (p=53), A022123 (p=56), A022115 (p=60), A022100 (p=62), A022101 (p=63), A022103 (p=64), A022136 (p=79), A022388 (p=80), A022389 (p=88). - Johannes W. Meijer, Jun 05 2011

A127830 := proc(n) local k: option remember: add(binomial(floor(k/2), n-k) mod 2, k=0..n) end: seq(A127830(n), n=0..80); # Johannes W. Meijer, Jun 05 2011

Table[Sum[Mod[Binomial[Floor[k/2],n-k],2],{k,0,n}],{n,0,80}] (* James C. McMahon, Jan 04 2025 *)

def A127830(n): return sum(not ~(k>>1)&n-k for k in range(n+1)) # Chai Wah Wu, Jul 29 2025

a(2^n) = F(n); a(2^(n+1)+1) = L(n).

a(n) mod 2 = A000931(n+5) mod 2 = A011656(n+4).

A354265 Array read by ascending antidiagonals for n >= 0 and k >= 0. Generalized Lucas numbers, L(n, k) = (psi^(k - 1)(phi + n) - phi^(k - 1)(psi + n)), where phi = (1 + sqrt(5))/2 and psi = (1 - sqrt(5))/2.

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 3, 1, 4, 4, 3, 5, 7, 7, 4, 6, 10, 11, 11, 7, 7, 13, 15, 18, 18, 11, 8, 16, 19, 25, 29, 29, 18, 9, 19, 23, 32, 40, 47, 47, 29, 10, 22, 27, 39, 51, 65, 76, 76, 47, 11, 25, 31, 46, 62, 83, 105, 123, 123, 76, 12, 28, 35, 53, 73, 101, 134, 170, 199, 199, 123

Offset: 0

Peter Luschny, May 29 2022

The definition declares the Lucas numbers for all integers n and k. It gives the classical Lucas numbers as L(0, n) = Lucas(n), where Lucas(n) = A000032(n) is extended in the usual way for negative n.

			Array starts:
[0]  2,  1,  3,  4,   7,  11,  18,  29,  47,   76, ... A000032
[1]  3,  4,  7, 11,  18,  29,  47,  76, 123,  199, ... A000032 (shifted)
[2]  4,  7, 11, 18,  29,  47,  76, 123, 199,  322, ... A000032 (shifted)
[3]  5, 10, 15, 25,  40,  65, 105, 170, 275,  445, ... A022088
[4]  6, 13, 19, 32,  51,  83, 134, 217, 351,  568, ... A022388
[5]  7, 16, 23, 39,  62, 101, 163, 264, 427,  691, ... A190995
[6]  8, 19, 27, 46,  73, 119, 192, 311, 503,  814, ... A206420
[7]  9, 22, 31, 53,  84, 137, 221, 358, 579,  937, ... A206609
[8] 10, 25, 35, 60,  95, 155, 250, 405, 655, 1060, ...
[9] 11, 28, 39, 67, 106, 173, 279, 452, 731, 1183, ...

Peter Luschny, The Fibonacci Function.

Cf. A000032, A000204, A022088, A022388, A190995, A206420, A206609.

Cf. A352744.

const FibMem = Dict{Int,Tuple{BigInt,BigInt}}()
function FibRec(n::Int)
    get!(FibMem, n) do
        n == 0 && return (BigInt(0), BigInt(1))
        a, b = FibRec(div(n, 2))
        c = a * (b * 2 - a)
        d = a * a + b * b
        iseven(n) ? (c, d) : (d, c + d)
    end
end
function Lucas(n, k)
    k ==  0 && return BigInt(n + 2)
    k == -1 && return BigInt(2 * n - 1)
    k <   0 && return (-1)^k * Lucas(1 - n, -k - 2)
    a, b = FibRec(k)
    c, d = FibRec(k - 1)
    n * (2 * a + b) + 2 * c + d
end
for n in -6:6
    println([Lucas(n, k) for k in -6:6])
end

phi := (1 + sqrt(5))/2: psi := (1 - sqrt(5))/2:
L := (n, k) -> phi^(k+1)*(n - psi) + psi^(k+1)*(n - phi):
seq(seq(simplify(L(n-k, k)), k = 0..n), n = 0..10);

L[n_, k_] := With[{c = Pi/2 + I*ArcCsch[2]},
             I^k Sec[c] (n Cos[c (k + 1)] - I Cos[c k]) ];
Table[Simplify[L[n, k]], {n, 0, 6}, {k, 0, 6}] // TableForm
(* Alternative: *)
L[n_, k_] := n*LucasL[k + 1] + LucasL[k];
Table[Simplify[L[n, k]], {n, 0, 6}, {k, 0, 6}] // TableForm

Functional equation extends Cassini's theorem:
L(n, k) = (-1)^k*L(1 - n, -k - 2).
L(n, k) = n*Lucas(k + 1) + Lucas(k).
L(n, k) = L(n, k-1) + L(n, k-2).
L(n, k) = i^k*sec(c)*(n*cos(c*(k + 1)) - i*cos(c*k)), where c = Pi/2 + i*arccsch(2), for all n, k in Z.
Using the generalized Fibonacci numbers F(n, k) = A352744(n, k),
L(n, k) = F(n, k+1) + F(n, k) + F(n, k-1) + F(n, k-2).

A199535 Clark Kimberling's even first column Stolarsky array read by antidiagonals.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 4, 3, 7, 6, 5, 11, 9, 10, 8, 18, 15, 17, 12, 13, 29, 24, 27, 19, 14, 21, 47, 39, 44, 31, 23, 16, 34, 76, 63, 71, 50, 37, 25, 20, 55, 123, 102, 115, 81, 60, 41, 33, 22, 89, 199, 165, 186, 131, 97, 66, 53, 35, 26, 144, 322, 267, 301, 212, 157, 107, 86, 57, 43, 28

Offset: 1

Casey Mongoven, Nov 07 2011

The rows of the array can be seen to have the form A(n, k) = p(n)*Fibonacci(k) + q(n)*Fibonacci(k+1) where p(n) is the sequence {0, 1, 3, 3, 3, 5, 7, 7, 9, 9, 11, 11, 13, 13, 15, 15, 17, ...}{n >= 1} and q(n) is the sequence {1, 3, 3, 7, 2, 9, 9, 13, 13, 17, 17, 19, 19, 23, 23, 25, ...}{n >= 1}. - G. C. Greubel, Jun 23 2022

			The even first column stolarsky array (EFC array), northwest corner:
  1......2.....3.....5.....8....13....21....34....55....89...144 ... A000045;
  4......7....11....18....29....47....76...123...199...322...521 ... A000032;
  6......9....15....24....39....63...102...165...267...432...699 ... A022086;
  10....17....27....44....71...115...186...301...487...788..1275 ... A022120;
  12....19....31....50....81...131...212...343...555...898..1453 ... A013655;
  14....23....37....60....97...157...254...411...665..1076..1741 ... A000285;
  16....25....41....66...107...173...280...453...733..1186..1919 ... A022113;
  20....33....53....86...139...225...364...589...953..1542..2495 ... A022096;
  22....35....57....92...149...241...390...631..1021..1652..2673 ... A022130;
Antidiagonal rows (T(n, k)):
   1;
   2,   4;
   3,   7,   6;
   5,  11,   9,  10;
   8,  18,  15,  17, 12;
  13,  29,  24,  27, 19, 14;
  21,  47,  39,  44, 31, 23, 16;
  34,  76,  63,  71, 50, 37, 25, 20;
  55, 123, 102, 115, 81, 60, 41, 33, 22;

Clark Kimberling, The first column of an interspersion, Fibonacci Quarterly 32 (1994), pp. 301-314.

Cf. A000032, A000045, A000285, A013655, A022086, A022088, A022095.
Cf. A022096, A022097, A022113, A022120, A022121, A022122, A022130.
Cf. A022388, A022390, A035506, A035513, A097135, A199536, A199537.

From G. C. Greubel, Jun 23 2022: (Start)
T(n, 1) = A000045(n+1).
T(n, 2) = A000032(n+1), n >= 2.
T(n, 3) = A022086(n) = A097135(n), n >= 3.
T(n, 4) = A022120(n-2), n >= 4.
T(n, 5) = A013655(n-1), n >= 5.
T(n, 6) = A000285(n-2), n >= 6.
T(n, 7) = A022113(n-4), n >= 7.
T(n, 8) = A022096(n-4), n >= 8.
T(n, 9) = A022130(n-6), n >= 9.
T(n, 10) = A022098(n-5), n >= 10.
T(n, 11) = A022095(n-7), n >= 11.
T(n, 12) = A022121(n-8), n >= 12.
T(n, 13) = A022388(n-10), n >= 13.
T(n, 14) = A022122(n-10), n >= 14.
T(n, 15) = A022097(n-10), n >= 15.
T(n, 16) = A022088(n-10), n >= 16.
T(n, 17) = A022390(n-14), n >= 17.
T(n, n) = A199536(n).
T(n, n-1) = A199537(n-1), n >= 2. (End)

More terms added by G. C. Greubel, Jun 23 2022

Showing 1-5 of 5 results.

cp's OEIS Frontend

A000204 Lucas numbers (beginning with 1): L(n) = L(n-1) + L(n-2) with L(1) = 1, L(2) = 3.

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A035513 Wythoff array read by falling antidiagonals.

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A127830 a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} (binomial(floor(k/2),n-k) mod 2).

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A354265 Array read by ascending antidiagonals for n >= 0 and k >= 0. Generalized Lucas numbers, L(n, k) = (psi^(k - 1)*(phi + n) - phi^(k - 1)*(psi + n)), where phi = (1 + sqrt(5))/2 and psi = (1 - sqrt(5))/2.

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A199535 Clark Kimberling's even first column Stolarsky array read by antidiagonals.

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A354265 Array read by ascending antidiagonals for n >= 0 and k >= 0. Generalized Lucas numbers, L(n, k) = (psi^(k - 1)(phi + n) - phi^(k - 1)(psi + n)), where phi = (1 + sqrt(5))/2 and psi = (1 - sqrt(5))/2.