A023814 -id:A023814 - cp's OEIS frontend

A002489 a(n) = n^(n^2), or (n^n)^n.

1, 1, 16, 19683, 4294967296, 298023223876953125, 10314424798490535546171949056, 256923577521058878088611477224235621321607, 6277101735386680763835789423207666416102355444464034512896, 196627050475552913618075908526912116283103450944214766927315415537966391196809

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane

The number of closed binary operations on a set of order n. Labeled groupoids.
The values of "googol" in base N: "10^100" in base 2 is 2^4=16; "10^100" in base 3 is 3^9=19683, etc. This is N^^3 by the "lower-valued" (left-associative) definition of the hyper4 or tetration operator (see Munafo webpage). - Robert Munafo, Jan 25 2010
n^(n^k) = (((n^n)^n)^...)^n, with k+1 n's, k >= 0. - Daniel Forgues, May 18 2013

			a(3) = 19683 because (3^3)^3 = 3^(3^2) = 19683.

John S. Rose, A Course on Group Theory, Camb. Univ. Press, 1978, see p. 6.
N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Michael Lee, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..26 (first 16 terms from Vincenzo Librandi)
Robert Munafo, Hyper4 Iterated Exponential Function [From _Robert Munafo_, Jan 25 2010]
Eric Postpischil, Posting to sci.math newsgroup, May 21 1990.
P. Rossier, Grands nombres, Elemente der Mathematik, Vol. 3 (1948), p. 20; alternative link.
Index entries for sequences related to groupoids

a(n) = A079172(n) + A023814(n) = A079176(n) + A079179(n);
a(n) = A079182(n) + A023813(n) = A079186(n) + A079189(n);
a(n) = A079192(n) + A079195(n) + A079198(n) + A023815(n).
Cf. A002488, A001329, A002488, A023813, A076113, A090588, A000312, A258102.

[n^(n^2): n in [0..10]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, May 13 2011

Join[{1},Table[n^n^2,{n,10}]] (* Harvey P. Dale, Sep 06 2011 *)

a(n)=n^(n^2) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Nov 20 2012

a(n) = [x^(n^2)] 1/(1 - n*x). - Ilya Gutkovskiy, Oct 10 2017

Sum_{n>=1} 1/a(n) = A258102. - Amiram Eldar, Nov 11 2020

A001423 Number of semigroups of order n, considered to be equivalent when they are isomorphic or anti-isomorphic (by reversal of the operator).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 4, 18, 126, 1160, 15973, 836021, 1843120128, 52989400714478, 12418001077381302684

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane

David Nacin, "Puzzles, Parity Maps, and Plenty of Solutions", Chapter 15, The Mathematics of Various Entertaining Subjects: Volume 3 (2019), Jennifer Beineke & Jason Rosenhouse, eds. Princeton University Press, Princeton and Oxford, p. 245.
R. J. Plemmons, There are 15973 semigroups of order 6, Math. Algor., 2 (1967), 2-17; 3 (1968), 23.
N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

A. de Vries, Formal Languages: An Introduction
Andreas Distler, Classification and Enumeration of Finite Semigroups, A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD, University of St Andrews (2010).
Andreas Distler and Tom Kelsey, The Monoids of Order Eight and Nine, in Intelligent Computer Mathematics, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Volume 5144/2008, Springer-Verlag. [From _N. J. A. Sloane_, Jul 10 2009]
A. Distler and T. Kelsey, The semigroups of order 9 and their automorphism groups, arXiv preprint arXiv:1301.6023 [math.CO], 2013.
Andreas Distler, Chris Jefferson, Tom Kelsey, and Lars Kotthoff, The Semigroups of Order 10, in: M. Milano (Ed.), Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming, 18th International Conference, CP 2012, Québec City, QC, Canada, October 8-12, 2012, Proceedings (LNCS, volume 7514), pp. 883-899, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012.
Remigiusz Durka and Kamil Grela, On the number of possible resonant algebras, arXiv:1911.12814 [hep-th], 2019.
G. E. Forsythe, SWAC computes 126 distinct semigroups of order 4, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 6, (1955). 443-447.
H. Juergensen and P. Wick, Die Halbgruppen von Ordnungen <= 7, Semigroup Forum, 14 (1977), 69-79.
H. Juergensen and P. Wick, Die Halbgruppen von Ordnungen <= 7, annotated and scanned copy.
Daniel J. Kleitman, Bruce L. Rothschild and Joel H. Spencer, The number of semigroups of order n, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc., 55 (1976), 227-232.
R. J. Plemmons, There are 15973 semigroups of order 6 (annotated and scanned copy)
Eric Postpischil Associativity Problem, Posting to sci.math newsgroup, May 21 1990.
S. Satoh, K. Yama, and M. Tokizawa, Semigroups of order 8, Semigroup Forum 49 (1994), 7-29.
N. J. A. Sloane, Overview of A001329, A001423-A001428, A258719, A258720.
T. Tamura, Some contributions of computation to semigroups and groupoids, pp. 229-261 of J. Leech, editor, Computational Problems in Abstract Algebra. Pergamon, Oxford, 1970. (Annotated and scanned copy)
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Semigroup.
Index entries for sequences related to semigroups

Cf. A001426, A023814, A058107, A058123, A151823.

a(n) = (A027851(n) + A029851(n))/2.

a(9) added by Andreas Distler, Jan 12 2011

a(10) from Distler et al. 2012, added by Andrey Zabolotskiy, Nov 08 2018

A027851 Number of nonisomorphic semigroups of order n.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 5, 24, 188, 1915, 28634, 1627672, 3684030417, 105978177936292

Offset: 0

Christian G. Bower, Dec 13 1997, updated Feb 19 2001

Özgur Akgun, Mun See Chang, Ian P. Gent, and Christopher Jefferson, Breaking the Symmetries of Indistinguishable Objects, arXiv:2503.17251 [cs.AI], 2025. See pp. 14, 17.
Peter Cameron's Blog, The combinatorial explosion, Posted 18/02/2016.
Andreas Distler, Classification and Enumeration of Finite Semigroups, A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD, University of St Andrews (2010).
A. Distler and T. Kelsey, The semigroups of order 9 and their automorphism groups, arXiv preprint arXiv:1301.6023 [math.CO], 2013.
C. Noebauer, Home page
C. Noebauer, The Numbers of Small Rings
C. Noebauer, Thesis on the enumeration of near-rings
Eric Postpischil Posting to sci.math newsgroup, May 21 1990
Arman Shamsgovara, Enumerating, Cataloguing and Classifying All Quantales on up to Nine Elements, In: Glück, R., Santocanale, L., and Winter, M. (eds), Relational and Algebraic Methods in Computer Science (RAMiCS 2023) Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer, Cham, Vol. 13896.
Jeremy G. Sumner, Michael D. Woodhams, Lie-Markov models derived from finite semigroups, arXiv:1709.00520 [math.GR], 2017.
Michael Torpey, Semigroup congruences: computational techniques and theoretical applications, Ph.D. Thesis, University of St. Andrews (Scotland, 2019).
A. de Vries, Formal Languages: An Introduction, 2012.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Semigroup.
Index entries for sequences related to semigroups

Cf. A001426, A023814, A058108.

Cf. A001423, A029851, A079173, A001329.

a(n) = A001423(n)*2 - A029851(n).

a(n) + A079173(n) = A001329(n).

a(8)-a(9) from Andreas Distler, Jan 13 2011

A023813 a(n) = n^(n*(n+1)/2).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 8, 729, 1048576, 30517578125, 21936950640377856, 459986536544739960976801, 324518553658426726783156020576256, 8727963568087712425891397479476727340041449, 10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000

Offset: 0

Lyle Ramshaw (ramshaw(AT)pa.dec.com)

Determinant of n X n matrix M_(i,j) = binomial(n*i,j). - Benoit Cloitre, Sep 13 2003

Number of commutative binary operations on an n-set. Labeled commutative groupoids.

Eric Postpischil, Posting to sci.math newsgroup, May 21 1990
Index entries for sequences related to groupoids

a(n) + A079182(n) = A002489(n).

Cf. A000217, A001425, A002489, A023814, A023815.

seq(mul(n^k, k=1..n), n=0..10); # Zerinvary Lajos, Jun 03 2007

Table[n^((n^2 + n)/2), {n, 1, 10}]  (* Geoffrey Critzer, Jan 27 2013 *)

a(n) = Product_{k=1..n} n^k. - José de Jesús Camacho Medina, Jul 12 2016

a(n) = n^A000217(n). - Alois P. Heinz, Aug 06 2018

Better description from Amarnath Murthy, Dec 29 2001

A023815 Number of binary operations on an n-set that are commutative and associative; labeled commutative semigroups.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 6, 63, 1140, 30730, 1185072, 66363206, 7150843144, 3829117403448

Offset: 0

Lyle Ramshaw (ramshaw(AT)pa.dec.com)

Eric Postpischil Posting to sci.math newsgroup, May 21 1990
Amit Sehgal, Sunil Kumar, Sarita, Yashpal, Commutative Associative Binary Operations on a Set with Five Elements, J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. (2018) 1000 012063
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Semigroup.
Index entries for sequences related to semigroups

Row sums of A058167.
Cf. A001423, A001426 (isomorphism classes), A023813 (commutative only), A023814 (associative only), A027851.
Cf. A002489, A079192, A079195, A079198, A079201, A079210.

a(n) + A079192(n) + A079195(n) + A079198(n) = A002489(n).

a(n) = Sum_{k>=1} A079201(n,k)*A079210(n,k). - Andrew Howroyd, Jan 26 2022

a(8) from Andrew Howroyd, Jan 26 2022

a(9) from Andrew Howroyd, Feb 14 2022

A079240 Number of associative non-commutative non-anti-associative non-anti-commutative closed binary operations on a set of order n.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 0, 48, 2344, 153000, 15875924, 7676692856, 148188196673360

Offset: 0

Christian van den Bosch (cjb(AT)cjb.ie), Jan 03 2003

nonn

Cf. A079207, A079241 (isomorphism classes), A079230, A079232, A079234, A079236, A079195, A079242, A079244, A063524.

A079230(n) + A079232(n) + A079234(n) + A079236(n) + A079195(n) + a(n) + A079242(n) + A079244(n) + A063524(n) = A002489(n).
a(n) = Sum_{k>=1} A079207(n,k)*A079210(n,k).
a(n) = A023814(n) - A023815(n) - A079242(n). - Andrew Howroyd, Jan 27 2022

a(0)=0 prepended and a(5)-a(8) added by Andrew Howroyd, Jan 27 2022

A079198 Number of associative non-commutative closed binary operations on a set of order n.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 2, 50, 2352, 153002, 15876046, 7676692858

Offset: 1

Christian van den Bosch (cjb(AT)cjb.ie), Jan 03 2003

a(n) + A079192(n) + A079195(n) + A023815(n) = A002489(n).
Each a(n) is equal to the sum of the products of each element in row n of A079200 and the corresponding element of A079210.
Since this is the number of labeled noncommutative semigroups on an n-set, a(n) = A023814(n)-A023815(n). - Stanislav Sykora, Apr 03 2016

C. van den Bosch, Closed binary operations on small sets
Index entries for sequences related to semigroups

Cf. A023814, A023815, A079192, A079195, A079199, A079200.

a(5)-a(7) added by Stanislav Sykora, Apr 03 2016

A079192 Number of non-associative non-commutative closed binary operations on a set of order n.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 6, 18904, 4293916368, 298023193359221998, 10314424798468598595515695154, 256923577521058877628624940679487983651948, 6277101735386680763835789098689112757675628513119817261598

Offset: 0

Christian van den Bosch (cjb(AT)cjb.ie), Jan 03 2003

nonn

C. van den Bosch, Closed binary operations on small sets
Index entries for sequences related to groupoids

Cf. A002489, A023813, A023814, A023815, A079193 (isomorphism classes), A079194, A079195, A079198.

a(n) + A079195(n) + A079198(n) + A023815(n) = A002489(n).
a(n) = Sum_{k>=1} A079194(n,k)*A079210(n,k).
a(n) = A002489(n) - A023813(n) - A023814(n) + A023815(n). - Andrew Howroyd, Jan 26 2022

a(0)=0 prepended and a(5)-a(8) added by Andrew Howroyd, Jan 26 2022

A079175 Number of isomorphism classes of associative closed binary operations (semigroups) on a set of order n, listed by class size.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 2, 3, 2, 0, 7, 15, 2, 0, 0, 7, 5, 0, 62, 112, 2, 0, 0, 0, 6, 0, 0, 8, 0, 2, 51, 0, 47, 2, 576, 1221, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 8, 0, 0, 4, 0, 48, 0, 0, 0, 0, 92, 0, 0, 42, 506, 0, 813, 32, 7397, 19684, 2, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 6, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 8

Offset: 0

Christian van den Bosch (cjb(AT)cjb.ie), Jan 03 2003

Elements per row: 1,1,2,4,8,16,30,... (given by A027423, number of positive divisors of n!)

			Triangle T(n,k) begins:
  1;
  1;
  2, 3;
  2, 0, 7, 15;
  2, 0, 0, 7, 5, 0, 62, 112;
  2, 0, 0, 0, 6, 0, 0, 8, 0, 2, 51, 0, 47, 2, 576, 1221;
  ...

Andrew Howroyd, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..217 (rows 0..8; row 8 was derived from data given in the Distler-Kelsey reference)
C. van den Bosch, Closed binary operations on small sets
A. Distler and T. Kelsey, The semigroups of order 9 and their automorphism groups, arXiv preprint arXiv:1301.6023 [math.CO], 2013.
Index entries for sequences related to semigroups

Row sums give A027851.

Cf. A023814, A027423 (row lengths), A079171, A079174, A079210.

A079174(n,k) + T(n,k) = A079171(n,k).
T(n, A027423(n)) = A058104(n).
A023814(n) = Sum_{k>=1} T(n,k)*A079210(n,k).

a(0)=1 prepended and terms a(16) and beyond from Andrew Howroyd, Jan 26 2022

A079172 Number of non-associative closed binary operations on a set of order n.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 8, 19570, 4294963804, 298023223876769393, 10314424798490535546154887938, 256923577521058878088611477224227878265543, 6277101735386680763835789423207666416102355296268686994710, 196627050475552913618075908526912116283103450944214766927276968172610579252347

Offset: 1

Christian van den Bosch (cjb(AT)cjb.ie), Jan 03 2003

nonn

Each a(n) is equal to the sum of the products of each element in row n of A079174 and the corresponding element of A079210.

C. van den Bosch, Closed binary operations on small sets
Index entries for sequences related to groupoids

Cf. A023814, A079173, A079174.

a(n) = A002489(n) - A023814(n).

More terms from Christian G. Bower, Nov 26 2003

More terms from Jinyuan Wang, Mar 02 2020

cp's OEIS Frontend

A002489 a(n) = n^(n^2), or (n^n)^n.

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A001423 Number of semigroups of order n, considered to be equivalent when they are isomorphic or anti-isomorphic (by reversal of the operator).

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A027851 Number of nonisomorphic semigroups of order n.

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A023813 a(n) = n^(n*(n+1)/2).

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A023815 Number of binary operations on an n-set that are commutative and associative; labeled commutative semigroups.

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A079240 Number of associative non-commutative non-anti-associative non-anti-commutative closed binary operations on a set of order n.

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A079198 Number of associative non-commutative closed binary operations on a set of order n.

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A079192 Number of non-associative non-commutative closed binary operations on a set of order n.

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A079175 Number of isomorphism classes of associative closed binary operations (semigroups) on a set of order n, listed by class size.

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