A131818 -id:A131818 - cp's OEIS frontend

A034856 a(n) = binomial(n+1, 2) + n - 1 = n*(n+3)/2 - 1.

1, 4, 8, 13, 19, 26, 34, 43, 53, 64, 76, 89, 103, 118, 134, 151, 169, 188, 208, 229, 251, 274, 298, 323, 349, 376, 404, 433, 463, 494, 526, 559, 593, 628, 664, 701, 739, 778, 818, 859, 901, 944, 988, 1033, 1079, 1126, 1174, 1223, 1273, 1324, 1376, 1429, 1483

Offset: 1

N. J. A. Sloane

Number of 1's in the n X n lower Hessenberg (0,1)-matrix (i.e., the matrix having 1's on or below the superdiagonal and 0's above the superdiagonal).
If a 2-set Y and 2-set Z, having one element in common, are subsets of an n-set X then a(n-2) is the number of 3-subsets of X intersecting both Y and Z. - Milan Janjic, Oct 03 2007
Number of binary operations which have to be added to Moisil's algebras to obtain algebraic counterparts of n-valued Łukasiewicz logics. See the Wójcicki and Malinowski book, page 31. - Artur Jasinski, Feb 25 2010
Also (n + 1)!(-1)^(n + 1) times the determinant of the n X n matrix given by m(i,j) = i/(i+1) if i=j and otherwise 1. For example, (5+1)! * ((-1)^(5+1)) * Det[{{1/2, 1, 1, 1, 1}, {1, 2/3, 1, 1, 1}, {1, 1, 3/4, 1, 1}, {1, 1, 1, 4/5, 1}, {1, 1, 1, 1, 5/6}}] = 19 = a(5), and (6+1)! * ((-1)^(6+1)) * Det[{{1/2, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1}, {1, 2/3, 1, 1, 1, 1}, {1, 1, 3/4, 1, 1, 1}, {1, 1, 1, 4/5, 1, 1}, {1, 1, 1, 1, 5/6, 1}, {1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 6/7}}] = 26 = a(6). - John M. Campbell, May 20 2011
2*a(n-1) = n*(n+1) - 4, n>=0, with a(-1) = -2 and a(0) = -1, gives the values for a*c of indefinite binary quadratic forms [a, b, c] of discriminant D = 17 for b = 2*n + 1. In general D = b^2 - 4*a*c > 0 and the form [a, b, c] is a*x^2 + b*x*y + c*y^2. - Wolfdieter Lang, Aug 15 2013
a(n) is not divisible by 3, 5, 7, or 11. - Vladimir Shevelev, Feb 03 2014
With a(0) = 1 and a(1) = 2, a(n-1) is the number of distinct values of 1 +- 2 +- 3 +- ... +- n, for n > 0. - Derek Orr, Mar 11 2015
Also, numbers m such that 8*m+17 is a square. - Bruno Berselli, Sep 16 2015
Omar E. Pol's formula from Apr 23 2008 can be interpreted as the position of an element located on the third diagonal of an triangular array (read by rows) provided n > 1. - Enrique Pérez Herrero, Aug 29 2016
a(n) is the sum of the numerator and denominator of the fraction that is the sum of 2/(n-1) + 2/n; all fractions are reduced and n > 2. - J. M. Bergot, Jun 14 2017
a(n) is also the number of maximal irredundant sets in the (n+2)-path complement graph for n > 1. - Eric W. Weisstein, Apr 12 2018
From Klaus Purath, Dec 07 2020: (Start)
a(n) is not divisible by primes listed in A038890. The prime factors are given in A038889 and the prime terms of the sequence are listed in A124199.
Each odd prime factor p divides exactly 2 out of any p consecutive terms with the exception of 17, which appears only once in such an interval of terms. If a(i) and a(k) form such a pair that are divisible by p, then i + k == -3 (mod p), see examples.
If A is a sequence satisfying the recurrence t(n) = 5*t(n-1) - 2*t(n-2) with the initial values either A(0) = 1, A(1) = n + 4 or A(0) = -1, A(1) = n-1, then a(n) = (A(i)^2 - A(i-1)*A(i+1))/2^i for i>0. (End)
Mark each point on a 4^n grid with the number of points that are visible from the point; for n > 1, a(n) is the number of distinct values in the grid. - Torlach Rush, Mar 23 2021
The sequence gives the number of "ON" cells in the cellular automaton on a quadrant of a square grid after the n-th stage, where the "ON" cells lie only on the external perimeter and the perimeter of inscribed squares having the cell (1,1) as a unique common vertex. See Spezia link. - Stefano Spezia, May 28 2025

			From _Bruno Berselli_, Mar 09 2015: (Start)
By the definition (first formula):
----------------------------------------------------------------------
  1       4         8           13            19              26
----------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                              X
                                              X              X X
                                X            X X            X X X
                    X          X X          X X X          X X X X
          X        X X        X X X        X X X X        X X X X X
  X      X X      X X X      X X X X      X X X X X      X X X X X X
          X        X X        X X X        X X X X        X X X X X
----------------------------------------------------------------------
(End)
From _Klaus Purath_, Dec 07 2020: (Start)
Assuming a(i) is divisible by p with 0 < i < p and a(k) is the next term divisible by p, then from i + k == -3 (mod p) follows that k = min(p*m - i - 3) != i for any integer m.
(1) 17|a(7) => k = min(17*m - 10) != 7 => m = 2, k = 24 == 7 (mod 17). Thus every a(17*m + 7) is divisible by 17.
(2) a(9) = 53 => k = min(53*m - 12) != 9 => m = 1, k = 41. Thus every a(53*m + 9) and a(53*m + 41) is divisible by 53.
(3) 101|a(273) => 229 == 71 (mod 101) => k = min(101*m - 74) != 71 => m = 1, k = 27. Thus every a(101*m + 27) and a(101*m + 71) is divisible by 101. (End)
From _Omar E. Pol_, Aug 08 2021: (Start)
Illustration of initial terms:                             _ _
.                                           _ _           |_|_|_
.                              _ _         |_|_|_         |_|_|_|_
.                   _ _       |_|_|_       |_|_|_|_       |_|_|_|_|_
.          _ _     |_|_|_     |_|_|_|_     |_|_|_|_|_     |_|_|_|_|_|_
.   _     |_|_|    |_|_|_|    |_|_|_|_|    |_|_|_|_|_|    |_|_|_|_|_|_|
.  |_|    |_|_|    |_|_|_|    |_|_|_|_|    |_|_|_|_|_|    |_|_|_|_|_|_|
.
.   1       4         8          13            19              26
------------------------------------------------------------------------ (End)

A. S. Karpenko, Łukasiewicz's Logics and Prime Numbers, 2006 (English translation).
G. C. Moisil, Essais sur les logiques non-chrysippiennes, Ed. Academiei, Bucharest, 1972.
Wójcicki and Malinowski, eds., Łukasiewicz Sentential Calculi, Wrocław: Ossolineum, 1977.

Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..10000
Guo-Niu Han, Enumeration of Standard Puzzles, 2011. [Cached copy]
Guo-Niu Han, Enumeration of Standard Puzzles, arXiv:2006.14070 [math.CO], 2020.
INRIA Algorithms Project, Encyclopedia of Combinatorial Structures 471.
Milan Janjic, Two Enumerative Functions.
W. F. Klostermeyer, M. E. Mays, L. Soltes, and G. Trapp, A Pascal rhombus, Fibonacci Quarterly, Vol. 35, No. 4 (1997), pp. 318-328.
Stavros Konstantinidis, António Machiavelo, Nelma Moreira, and Rogério Reis, On the size of partial derivatives and the word membership problem, Acta Informatica Vol. 58, 357-375.
G. C. Moisil, Recherches sur les logiques non-chrysippiennes, Ann. Sci. Univ. Jassy, 26 (1940), 431-466.
László Németh, Tetrahedron trinomial coefficient transform, arXiv:1905.13475 [math.CO], 2019.
D. D. Olesky, B. L. Shader, and P. van den Driessche, Permanents of Hessenberg (0,1)-matrices, Electronic Journal of Combinatorics, 12 (2005), #R70.
J. Riordan, Enumeration of trees by height and diameter, IBM J. Res. Dev., Vol. 4, No. 5 (1960), pp. 473-478.
Stefano Spezia, Illustrations for n = 1..9.
Renzo Sprugnoli, Alternating Weighted Sums of Inverses of Binomial Coefficients, J. Integer Sequences, 15 (2012), #12.6.3. - From _N. J. A. Sloane_, Nov 29 2012
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Maximal Irredundant Set.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Path Complement Graph.
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (3,-3,1).
Index entries for sequences related to Łukasiewicz.

Subsequence of A165157.
Triangular numbers (A000217) minus two.
Third diagonal of triangle in A059317.
Cf. A000096, A000124, A000217, A000290, A005408, A005843, A008277, A024206, A027379.
Cf. A028347, A038889, A038890, A049600, A091823, A101881, A113452, A113453, A113454.
Cf. A113455, A124199, A130296, A131818, A134225, A161680, A168244, A253909, A267633.

a034856 = subtract 1 . a000096 -- Reinhard Zumkeller, Feb 20 2015

[Binomial(n + 1, 2) + n - 1: n in [1..60]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, May 21 2011

a := n -> hypergeom([-2, n-1], [1], -1);
seq(simplify(a(n)), n=1..53); # Peter Luschny, Aug 02 2014

f[n_] := n (n + 3)/2 - 1; Array[f, 55] (* or *) k = 2; NestList[(k++; # + k) &, 1, 55] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Jun 11 2010 *)
Table[Binomial[n + 1, 2] + n - 1, {n, 53}] (* or *)
Rest@ CoefficientList[Series[x (1 + x - x^2)/(1 - x)^3, {x, 0, 53}], x] (* Michael De Vlieger, Aug 29 2016 *)

A034856(n) := block(
        n-1+(n+1)*n/2
)$ /* R. J. Mathar, Mar 19 2012 */

A034856(n)=(n+3)*n\2-1 \\ M. F. Hasler, Jan 21 2015

def A034856(n): return n*(n+3)//2 -1 # G. C. Greubel, Jun 15 2025

G.f.: A(x) = x*(1 + x - x^2)/(1 - x)^3.
a(n) = A049600(3, n-2).
a(n) = binomial(n+2, 2) - 2. - Paul Barry, Feb 27 2003
With offset 5, this is binomial(n, 0) - 2*binomial(n, 1) + binomial(n, 2), the binomial transform of (1, -2, 1, 0, 0, 0, ...). - Paul Barry, Jul 01 2003
Row sums of triangle A131818. - Gary W. Adamson, Jul 27 2007
Binomial transform of (1, 3, 1, 0, 0, 0, ...). Also equals A130296 * [1,2,3,...]. - Gary W. Adamson, Jul 27 2007
Row sums of triangle A134225. - Gary W. Adamson, Oct 14 2007
a(n) = A000217(n+1) - 2. - Omar E. Pol, Apr 23 2008
From Jaroslav Krizek, Sep 05 2009: (Start)
a(n) = a(n-1) + n + 1 for n >= 1.
a(n) = n*(n-1)/2 + 2*n - 1.
a(n) = A000217(n-1) + A005408(n-1) = A005843(n-1) + A000124(n-1). (End)
a(n) = Hyper2F1([-2, n-1], [1], -1). - Peter Luschny, Aug 02 2014
a(n) = floor[1/(-1 + Sum_{m >= n+1} 1/S2(m,n+1))], where S2 is A008277. - Richard R. Forberg, Jan 17 2015
a(n) = A101881(2*(n-1)). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Feb 20 2015
a(n) = A253909(n+3) - A000217(n+3). - David Neil McGrath, May 23 2015
a(n) = 3*a(n-1) - 3*a(n-2) + a(n-3) for n>3. - David Neil McGrath, May 23 2015
For n > 1, a(n) = 4*binomial(n-1,1) + binomial(n-2,2), comprising the third column of A267633. - Tom Copeland, Jan 25 2016
From Klaus Purath, Dec 07 2020: (Start)
a(n) = A024206(n) + A024206(n+1).
a(2*n-1) = -A168244(n+1).
a(2*n) = A091823(n). (End)
Sum_{n>=1} 1/a(n) = 3/2 + 2*Pi*tan(sqrt(17)*Pi/2)/sqrt(17). - Amiram Eldar, Jan 06 2021
a(n) + a(n+1) = A028347(n+2). - R. J. Mathar, Mar 13 2021
a(n) = A000290(n) - A161680(n-1). - Omar E. Pol, Mar 26 2021
E.g.f.: 1 + exp(x)*(x^2 + 4*x - 2)/2. - Stefano Spezia, Jun 05 2021
a(n) = A024916(n) - A244049(n). - Omar E. Pol, Aug 01 2021
a(n) = A000290(n) - A000217(n-2). - Omar E. Pol, Aug 05 2021

More terms from Zerinvary Lajos, May 12 2006

A205558 (A204898)/2 = (prime(k)-prime(j))/2; A086802 without its zeros.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 1, 4, 3, 2, 5, 4, 3, 1, 7, 6, 5, 3, 2, 8, 7, 6, 4, 3, 1, 10, 9, 8, 6, 5, 3, 2, 13, 12, 11, 9, 8, 6, 5, 3, 14, 13, 12, 10, 9, 7, 6, 4, 1, 17, 16, 15, 13, 12, 10, 9, 7, 4, 3, 19, 18, 17, 15, 14, 12, 11, 9, 6, 5, 2, 20, 19, 18, 16, 15, 13, 12, 10, 7, 6, 3, 1, 22, 21

Offset: 1

Clark Kimberling, Jan 30 2012

nonn

Let p(n) denote the n-th prime.  If c is a positive integer, there are infinitely many pairs (k,j) such that c divides p(k)-p(j).  The set of differences p(k)-p(j) is ordered as a sequence at A204890.  Guide to related sequences:
   c....k..........j..........p(k)-p(j).[p(k)-p(j)]/c
...A133196....A131818....A204898....A205558
...A205560....A205547....A205557....A205675
...A205677....A205678....A205681....A205682
...A205684....A205685....A205688....A205689
...A205691....A205692....A205695....A205696
...A205698....A205699....A205702....A205703
...A205705....A205706....A205709....A205710
...A205712....A205713....A205716....A205717
..A205720....A205721....A205724....A205725
It appears that, as rectangular array, this sequence can be described by A(n,k) is the least m such that there are k primes in the set prime(n) + 2*i for {i=1..n}. - Michel Marcus, Mar 29 2023

			Writing prime(k) as p(k),
p(3)-p(2)=5-3=2
p(4)-p(2)=7-3=4
p(4)-p(3)=7-5=2
p(5)-p(2)=11-3=8
p(5)-p(3)=11-5=6
p(5)-p(4)=11-7=4,
so that the first 6 terms of A205558 are 1,2,1,4,3,2.
The sequence can be regarded as a rectangular array in which row n is given by [prime(n+2+k)-prime(n+1)]/2; a northwest corner follows:
1...2...4...5...7...8....10...13...14...17...19...20
1...3...4...6...7...9....12...13...16...18...19...21
2...3...5...6...8...11...12...15...17...18...20...23
1...3...4...6...9...10...13...15...16...18...21...24
2...3...5...8...9...12...14...15...17...20...23...24
1...3...6...7...10..12...13...15...18...21...22...25
2...5...6...9...11..12...14...17...20...21...24...26
- _Clark Kimberling_, Sep 29 2013

Cf. A205675, A205560, A204892.

s[n_] := s[n] = Prime[n]; z1 = 200; z2 = 80;
f[n_] := f[n] = Floor[(-1 + Sqrt[8 n - 7])/2];
Table[s[n], {n, 1, 30}]              (* A000040 *)
u[m_] := u[m] = Flatten[Table[s[k] - s[j], {k, 2, z1}, {j, 1, k - 1}]][[m]]
Table[u[m], {m, 1, z1}]              (* A204890 *)
v[n_, h_] := v[n, h] = If[IntegerQ[u[h]/n], h, 0]
w[n_] := w[n] = Table[v[n, h], {h, 1, z1}]
d[n_] := d[n] = Delete[w[n], Position[w[n], 0]]
c = 2; t = d[c]                      (* A080036 *)
k[n_] := k[n] = Floor[(3 + Sqrt[8 t[[n]] - 1])/2]
j[n_] := j[n] = t[[n]] - f[t][[n]] (f[t[[n]]] + 1)/2
Table[k[n], {n, 1, z2}]                  (* A133196 *)
Table[j[n], {n, 1, z2}]                  (* A131818 *)
Table[s[k[n]] - s[j[n]], {n, 1, z2}]     (* A204898 *)
Table[(s[k[n]] - s[j[n]])/c, {n, 1, z2}] (* A205558 *)

A355747 Number of multisets that can be obtained by choosing a divisor of each positive integer from 1 to n.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 2, 4, 10, 20, 58, 116, 320, 772, 2170, 4340, 14112, 28224, 78120, 212004, 612232, 1224464, 3873760, 7747520, 24224608, 64595088, 175452168, 350904336

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, Jul 20 2022

			The a(0) = 1 through a(4) = 10 multisets:
  {}  {1}  {1,1}  {1,1,1}  {1,1,1,1}
           {1,2}  {1,1,2}  {1,1,1,2}
                  {1,1,3}  {1,1,1,3}
                  {1,2,3}  {1,1,1,4}
                           {1,1,2,2}
                           {1,1,2,3}
                           {1,1,2,4}
                           {1,1,3,4}
                           {1,2,2,3}
                           {1,2,3,4}

The sum of the same integers is A000096.
The product of the same integers is A000142, Heinz number A070826.
Counting sequences instead of multisets gives A066843.
The integers themselves are the rows of A131818 (shifted).
For prime indices we have A355733, only prime factors A355744.
For prime factors instead of divisors we have A355746, factors A355537.
A000005 counts divisors.
A000040 lists the prime numbers.
A001221 counts distinct prime factors, with sum A001414.
A001222 counts prime factors with multiplicity.
Cf. A000720, A002110, A006218, A076610, A327486, A355538, A355731, A355737, A355741, A355745.

Table[Length[Union[Sort/@Tuples[Divisors/@Range[n]]]],{n,0,10}]

from sympy import divisors
from itertools import count, islice
def agen():
    s = {tuple()}
    for n in count(1):
        yield len(s)
        s = set(tuple(sorted(t+(d,))) for t in s for d in divisors(n))
print(list(islice(agen(), 16))) # Michael S. Branicky, Aug 03 2022

a(n) = A355733(A070826(n)).

a(p) = 2*a(p-1) for p prime. - Michael S. Branicky, Aug 03 2022

a(15)-a(21) from Michael S. Branicky, Aug 03 2022

a(22)-a(23) from Michael S. Branicky, Aug 08 2022

A355746 Number of different multisets that can be obtained by choosing a prime index (or a prime factor) of each integer from 2 to n.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 4, 4, 6, 6, 12, 20, 20, 20, 26, 26, 36, 58, 116, 116, 140, 140, 280, 280, 384, 384, 536, 536, 536, 844, 1688, 2380, 2716, 2716, 5432, 8484, 10152, 10152, 13308, 13308, 18064, 21616, 43232, 43232, 47648, 47648, 54656, 84480, 114304, 114304

Offset: 1

Gus Wiseman, Jul 20 2022

nonn

			The a(n) multisets for n = 2, 6, 10, 12:
  {1}  {1,1,1,2,3}  {1,1,1,1,1,2,2,3,4}  {1,1,1,1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5}
       {1,1,2,2,3}  {1,1,1,1,2,2,2,3,4}  {1,1,1,1,1,2,2,2,3,4,5}
                    {1,1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4}  {1,1,1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,5}
                    {1,1,1,2,2,2,3,3,4}  {1,1,1,1,2,2,2,2,3,4,5}
                                         {1,1,1,1,2,2,2,3,3,4,5}
                                         {1,1,1,2,2,2,2,3,3,4,5}

Michael S. Branicky, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..75

The sum of the same integers is A000096.
The product of the same integers is A000142, Heinz number A070826.
The integers themselves are the rows of A131818 (shifted).
Counting sequences instead of multisets: A355537, with multiplicity A327486.
Using prime indices instead of 2..n gives A355744, for sequences A355741.
The version for divisors instead of prime factors is A355747.
A000040 lists the prime numbers.
A001221 counts distinct prime factors, with sum A001414.
A001222 counts prime factors with multiplicity.
A003963 multiplies together the prime indices of n.
A056239 adds up prime indices, row sums of A112798.
Cf. A000720, A002110, A076610, A355538, A355731, A355733, A355740, A355742, A355745.

primeMS[n_]:=If[n==1,{},Flatten[Cases[FactorInteger[n],{p_,k_}:>Table[PrimePi[p],{k}]]]];
Table[Length[Union[Sort/@Tuples[primeMS/@Range[2,n]]]],{n,15}]

from sympy import factorint
from itertools import count, islice
def agen():
    s = {(1,)}
    for n in count(2):
        yield len(s)
        s = set(tuple(sorted(t+(d,))) for t in s for d in factorint(n))
print(list(islice(agen(), 53))) # Michael S. Branicky, Aug 03 2022

a(n) = A355744(A070826(n)).

a(p) = a(p-1) for p prime. - Michael S. Branicky, Aug 03 2022

a(28) and beyond from Michael S. Branicky, Aug 03 2022

cp's OEIS Frontend

A131819 A131818 * A000012 as infinite lower triangular matrices. Triangle read by rows, partial sums starting from the right of A131818.

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A034856 a(n) = binomial(n+1, 2) + n - 1 = n*(n+3)/2 - 1.

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A205558 (A204898)/2 = (prime(k)-prime(j))/2; A086802 without its zeros.

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A355747 Number of multisets that can be obtained by choosing a divisor of each positive integer from 1 to n.

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A355746 Number of different multisets that can be obtained by choosing a prime index (or a prime factor) of each integer from 2 to n.

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A355537 Number of ways to choose a sequence of prime factors, one of each integer from 2 to n.

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A355538 Partial sum of A001221 (number of distinct prime factors) minus 1, ranging from 2 to n.

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