cp's OEIS Frontend

This is a front-end for the Online Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, made by Christian Perfect. The idea is to provide OEIS entries in non-ancient HTML, and then to think about how they're presented visually. The source code is on GitHub.

Showing 1-10 of 14 results. Next

A057077 Periodic sequence 1,1,-1,-1; expansion of (1+x)/(1+x^2).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, 1, -1, -1
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Wolfdieter Lang, Aug 04 2000

Keywords

Comments

Abscissa of the image produced after n alternating reflections of (1,1) over the x and y axes respectively. Similarly, the ordinate of the image produced after n alternating reflections of (1,1) over the y and x axes respectively. - Wesley Ivan Hurt, Jul 06 2013

Crossrefs

Programs

Formula

G.f.: (1+x)/(1+x^2).
a(n) = S(n, 0) + S(n-1, 0) = S(2*n, sqrt(2)); S(n, x) := U(n, x/2), Chebyshev polynomials of 2nd kind, A049310. S(n, 0)=A056594.
a(n) = (-1)^binomial(n,2) = (-1)^floor(n/2) = 1/2*((n+2) mod 4 - n mod 4). For fixed r = 0,1,2,..., it appears that (-1)^binomial(n,2^r) gives a periodic sequence of period 2^(r+1), the period consisting of a block of 2^r plus ones followed by a block of 2^r minus ones. See A033999 (r = 0), A143621 (r = 2) and A143622 (r = 3). Define E(k) = sum {n = 0..inf} a(n)*n^k/n! for k = 0,1,2,... . Then E(0) = cos(1) + sin(1), E(1) = cos(1) - sin(1) and E(k) is an integral linear combination of E(0) and E(1) (a Dobinski-type relation). Precisely, E(k) = A121867(k) * E(0) - A121868(k) * E(1). See A143623 and A143624 for the decimal expansions of E(0) and E(1) respectively. For a fixed value of r, similar relations hold between the values of the sums E_r(k) := Sum_{n>=0} (-1)^floor(n/r)*n^k/n!, k = 0,1,2,... . For particular cases see A000587 (r = 1) and A143628 (r = 3). - Peter Bala, Aug 28 2008
Sum_{k>=0} a(k)/(k+1) = Sum_{k>=0} 1/((a(k)*(k+1))) = log(2)/2 + Pi/4. - Jaume Oliver Lafont, Apr 30 2010
a(n) = (-1)^A180969(1,n), where the first index in A180969(.,.) is the row index. - Adriano Caroli, Nov 18 2010
a(n) = (-1)^((2*n+(-1)^n-1)/4) = i^((n-1)*n), with i=sqrt(-1). - Bruno Berselli, Dec 27 2010 - Aug 26 2011
Non-simple continued fraction expansion of (3+sqrt(5))/2 = A104457. - R. J. Mathar, Mar 08 2012
E.g.f.: cos(x)*(1 + tan(x)). - Arkadiusz Wesolowski, Aug 31 2012
From Ricardo Soares Vieira, Oct 15 2019: (Start)
E.g.f.: sin(x) + cos(x) = sqrt(2)*sin(x + Pi/4).
a(n) = sqrt(2)*(d^n/dx^n) sin(x)|_x=Pi/4, i.e., a(n) equals sqrt(2) times the n-th derivative of sin(x) evaluated at x=Pi/4. (End)
a(n) = 4*floor(n/4) - 2*floor(n/2) + 1. - Ridouane Oudra, Mar 23 2024

A143815 Let A(0)=1, B(0)=0 and C(0)=0. Let B(n+1) = Sum_{k = 0..n} binomial(n,k)*A(k), C(n+1) = Sum_{k = 0..n} binomial(n,k)*B(k) and A(n+1) = Sum_{k = 0..n} binomial(n,k)*C(k). This entry gives the sequence A(n).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 0, 1, 6, 25, 91, 322, 1232, 5672, 32202, 209143, 1432454, 9942517, 69363840, 490303335, 3565609732, 27118060170, 218183781871, 1861370544934, 16729411124821, 156706028787827, 1514442896327792, 14999698898942772, 151838974745743228, 1571513300578303070
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Peter Bala, Sep 03 2008

Keywords

Comments

Compare with A024429 and A024430.
This sequence and its companion sequences B(n) = A143816(n) and C(n) = A143817(n) may be viewed as generalizations of the Bell numbers A000110. Define a sequence R(n) of real numbers by R(n) = Sum_{k >= 0} (3*k)^n/(3*k)! for n = 0, 1, 2, .... It is easy to verify that this sequence satisfies the recurrence relation u(n+3) = 3*u(n+2) - 2*u(n+1) + Sum_{i = 0..n} binomial(n, i)*3^(n-i)*u(i). Hence R(n) is an integral linear combination of R(0), R(1) and R(2). Some examples are given below.
To find the precise form of the linear relation define two other sequences of real numbers by S(n) = Sum_{k >= 0} (3*k+1)^n/(3*k+1)! and T(n) = Sum_{k >= 0} (3*k+2)^n/(3*k+2)! for n = 0, 1, 2, .... Both S(n) and T(n) satisfy the above recurrence. Then by means of the identities S(n+1) = Sum_{i = 0..n} binomial(n, i)*R(i), T(n+1) = Sum_{i = 0..n} binomial(n, i)*S(i) and R(n+1) = Sum_{i = 0..n} binomial(n, i)*T(i) we obtain the result R(n) = A(n)*R(0) + (B(n) - C(n))*R(1) + C(n)*R(2) = A(n)*R(0) + B(n)*R(1) + C(n)*(R(2) - R(1)) (with corresponding expressions for S(n) and T(n)). This generalizes the Dobinski's relation for the Bell numbers Sum_{k >= 0} k^n/k! = A000110(n)*exp(1).
Some examples of R(n) as a linear combination of R(0), R(1) and R(2) - R(1) are given below. The decimal expansions of R(0) = 1 + 1/3! + 1/6! + 1/9! + ..., R(2) - R(1) = 1/1! + 1/4! + 1/7! + ... and R(1) = 1/2! + 1/5! + 1/8! + ... may be found in A143819, A143820 and A143821 respectively. Compare with A143628 through A143631.
For n > 0, the number of partitions of {1,2,...,n} into 3,6,9,... classes. - Geoffrey Critzer, Mar 05 2010

Examples

			R(n) as a linear combination of R(i), i = 0..2.
  ==================================
  R(n)  |     R(0)    R(1)    R(2)
  ==================================
  R(3)  |       1      -2       3
  R(4)  |       6      -5       7
  R(5)  |      25      -5      16
  R(6)  |      91      20      46
  R(7)  |     322     149     203
  R(8)  |    1232     552    1178
  R(9)  |    5672     991    7242
  R(10) |   32202   -3799   43786
  ...
Column 2 of the above table is A143818.
R(n) as a linear combination of R(0),R(1) and R(2) - R(1).
  =====================================
  R(n)  |     R(0)     R(1)   R(2)-R(1)
  =====================================
  R(3)  |       1        1        3
  R(4)  |       6        2        7
  R(5)  |      25       11       16
  R(6)  |      91       66       46
  R(7)  |     322      352      203
  R(8)  |    1232     1730     1178
  R(9)  |    5672     8233     7242
  R(10) |   32202    39987    43786
  ...
		

Crossrefs

Programs

  • Maple
    # (1)
    M:=24: a:=array(0..100): b:=array(0..100): c:=array(0..100):
    a[0]:=1: b[0]:=0: c[0]:=0:
    for n from 1 to M do
    b[n]:=add(binomial(n-1,k)*a[k], k=0..n-1);
    c[n]:=add(binomial(n-1,k)*b[k], k=0..n-1);
    a[n]:=add(binomial(n-1,k)*c[k], k=0..n-1);
    end do:
    A143815:=[seq(a[n], n=0..M)];
    # (2)
    seq(add(Stirling2(n,3*i),i = 0..floor(n/3)), n = 0..24);
    # third Maple program:
    b:= proc(n, t) option remember; `if`(n=0, irem(t, 2),
          add(b(n-j, irem(t+1, 3))*binomial(n-1, j-1), j=1..n))
        end:
    a:= n-> b(n, 1):
    seq(a(n), n=0..25);  # Alois P. Heinz, Feb 20 2018
  • Mathematica
    a = Exp[x] - 1; f[x_] := 1/3 (E^x + 2 E^(-x/2) Cos[(Sqrt[3] x)/2]); CoefficientList[Series[f[a], {x, 0, 25}], x]*Table[n!, {n, 0, 25}] (* Geoffrey Critzer, Mar 05 2010 *)
  • PARI
    Bell_poly(n, x) = exp(-x)*suminf(k=0, k^n*x^k/k!);
    a(n) = my(w=(-1+sqrt(3)*I)/2); round(Bell_poly(n, 1)+Bell_poly(n, w)+Bell_poly(n, w^2))/3; \\ Seiichi Manyama, Oct 13 2022

Formula

a(n) = Sum_{k = 0..floor(n/3)} Stirling2(n, 3*k).
Let w = exp(2*Pi*i/3) and set F(x) = (exp(x) + exp(w*x) + exp(w^2*x))/3 = 1 + x^3/3! + x^6/6! + ... . Then the e.g.f. for the sequence is F(exp(x) - 1).
A143815(n) + A143816(n) + A143817(n) = Bell(n).
E.g.f. is B(A(x)) where A(x) = exp(x) - 1 and B(x) = (1/3)*(exp(x) + 2*exp(-x/2)*cos(sqrt(3)*x/2)). - Geoffrey Critzer, Mar 05 2010
a(n) = ( Bell_n(1) + Bell_n(w) + Bell_n(w^2) )/3, where Bell_n(x) is n-th Bell polynomial and w = exp(2*Pi*i/3). - Seiichi Manyama, Oct 13 2022
a(n) ~ n^n / (3 * (LambertW(n))^n * exp(n+1-n/LambertW(n)) * sqrt(1+LambertW(n))). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Jun 10 2025

A121867 Let A(0) = 1, B(0) = 0; A(n+1) = Sum_{k=0..n} binomial(n,k)*B(k), B(n+1) = Sum_{k=0..n} -binomial(n,k)*A(k); entry gives A sequence (cf. A121868).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, -1, -3, -6, -5, 33, 266, 1309, 4905, 11516, -22935, -556875, -4932512, -32889885, -174282151, -612400262, 907955295, 45283256165, 573855673458, 5397236838345, 41604258561397, 250231901787780, 756793798761989, -8425656230853383, -213091420659985440, -2990113204010882473
Offset: 0

Views

Author

N. J. A. Sloane, Sep 05 2006

Keywords

Comments

Stirling transform of A056594.

Examples

			From _Peter Bala_, Aug 28 2008: (Start)
E_2(k) as linear combination of E_2(i), i = 0..1.
============================
..E_2(k)..|...E_2(0)..E_2(1)
============================
..E_2(2)..|....-1.......1...
..E_2(3)..|....-3.......0...
..E_2(4)..|....-6......-5...
..E_2(5)..|....-5.....-23...
..E_2(6)..|....33.....-74...
..E_2(7)..|...266....-161...
..E_2(8)..|..1309......57...
..E_2(9)..|..4905....3466...
...
(End)
		

Crossrefs

Programs

  • GAP
    List([0..30], n-> Sum([0..Int(n/2)], k-> (-1)^k*Stirling2(n,2*k)) ); # G. C. Greubel, Oct 09 2019
  • Magma
    [(&+[(-1)^k*StirlingSecond(n,2*k): k in [0..Floor(n/2)]]): n in [0..30]]; // G. C. Greubel, Oct 09 2019
    
  • Maple
    # Maple code for A024430, A024429, A121867, A121868.
    M:=30; a:=array(0..100); b:=array(0..100); c:=array(0..100); d:=array(0..100); a[0]:=1; b[0]:=0; c[0]:=1; d[0]:=0;
    for n from 1 to M do a[n]:=add(binomial(n-1,k)*b[k], k=0..n-1); b[n]:=add(binomial(n-1,k)*a[k], k=0..n-1); c[n]:=add(binomial(n-1,k)*d[k], k=0..n-1); d[n]:=-add(binomial(n-1,k)*c[k], k=0..n-1); od: ta:=[seq(a[n],n=0..M)]; tb:=[seq(b[n],n=0..M)]; tc:=[seq(c[n],n=0..M)]; td:=[seq(d[n],n=0..M)];
    # Code based on Stirling transform:
    stirtr:= proc(p) proc(n) option remember;
                add(p(k) *Stirling2(n,k), k=0..n) end
             end:
    a:= stirtr(n-> (I^n + (-I)^n)/2):
    seq(a(n), n=0..30);  # Alois P. Heinz, Jan 29 2011
  • Mathematica
    a[n_] := (BellB[n, -I] + BellB[n, I])/2; Table[a[n], {n, 0, 26}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Mar 06 2013, after Alois P. Heinz *)
  • PARI
    a(n) = sum(k=0,n\2, (-1)^k*stirling(n,2*k,2));
    vector(30, n, a(n-1)) \\ G. C. Greubel, Oct 09 2019
    
  • Sage
    [sum((-1)^k*stirling_number2(n,2*k) for k in (0..floor(n/2))) for n in (0..30)] # G. C. Greubel, Oct 09 2019
    

Formula

From Peter Bala, Aug 28 2008: (Start)
This sequence and its companion A121868 are related to the pair of constants cos(1) + sin(1) and cos(1) - sin(1) and may be viewed as generalizations of the Uppuluri-Carpenter numbers (complementary Bell numbers) A000587. Define E_2(k) = Sum_{n >= 0} (-1)^floor(n/2) * n^k/n! for k = 0,1,2,... . Then E_2(0) = cos(1) + sin(1) and E_2(1) = cos(1) - sin(1). It is easy to see that E_2(k+2) = E_2(k+1) - Sum_{i = 0..k} 2^i*binomial(k,i)*E_2(k-i) for k >= 0. Hence E_2(k) is an integral linear combination of E_2(0) and E_2(1) (a Dobinski-type relation). For example, E_2(2) = - E_2(0) + E_2(1), E_2(3) = -3*E_2(0) and E_2(4) = - 6*E_2(0) - 5*E_2(1). More examples are given below.
To find the precise result, show F(k) := Sum_{n >= 0} (-1)^floor((n+1)/2)*n^k/n! satisfies the above recurrence with F(0) = E_2(1) and F(1) = -E_2(0) and then use the identity Sum_{i = 0..k} binomial(k,i)*E_2(i) = -F(k+1) to obtain E_2(k) = A121867(k) * E_2(0) - A121868(k) * E_2(1). For similar results see A143628. The decimal expansions of E_2(0) and E_2(1) are given in A143623 and A143624 respectively. (End)
E.g.f.: A(x) = cos(exp(x)-1).
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..floor(n/2)} stirling2(n,2*k)*(-1)^(k). - Vladimir Kruchinin, Jan 29 2011

A130151 Period 6: repeat [1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1].

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1, 1, 1, 1, -1, -1, -1
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Paul Curtz, Aug 03 2007

Keywords

Examples

			G.f. = 1 + x + x^2 - x^3 - x^4 - x^5 + x^6 + x^7 + x^8 - x^9 - x^10 - x^11 + ...
G.f. = q + q^3 + q^5 - q^7 - q^9 - q^11 + q^13 + q^15 + q^17 - q^19 - q^21 + ...
		

Crossrefs

Programs

Formula

a(n+6) = a(n), a(0)=a(1)=a(2)=-a(3)=-a(4)=-a(5)=1.
a(n) = ((-1)^n * (4 * (cos((2*n + 1)*Pi/3) + cos(n*Pi)) + 1) - 4) / 3. - Federico Acha Neckar (f0383864(AT)hotmail.com), Sep 01 2007
a(n) = (-1)^n * (4 * cos((2*n + 1) * Pi/3) + 1) / 3. - Federico Acha Neckar (f0383864(AT)hotmail.com), Sep 02 2007
G.f.: (1+x+x^2)/((1+x)*(x^2-x+1)). - R. J. Mathar, Nov 14 2007
a(n) = 3*a(n-1) - a(n-3) + 3*a(n-4) for n>3. - Paul Curtz, Nov 22 2007
a(n) = (-1)^floor(n/3). Compare with A057077, A143621 and A143622. Define E(k) = Sum_{n >= 0} a(n)*n^k/n! for k = 0,1,2,... . Then E(k) is an integral linear combination of E(0), E(1) and E(2) (a Dobinski-type relation). Precisely, E(k) = A143628(k)*E(0) + A143629(k)*E(1) + A143630(k)*E(2). - Peter Bala, Aug 28 2008
Euler transform of length 6 sequence [1, 0, -2, 0, 0, 1]. - Michael Somos, Feb 26 2011
a(n) = b(2*n + 1) where b(n) is multiplicative with b(2^e) = 0^e, b(3^e) = -(-1)^e if e>0, b(p^e) = 1 if p == 1 (mod 4), b(p^e) = (-1)^e if p == 3 (mod 4) and p>3. - Michael Somos, Feb 26 2011
a(n + 3) = a(-1 - n) = -a(n) for all n in Z. - Michael Somos, Feb 26 2011
a(n) = (-1)^n * A257075(n) for all n in Z. - Michael Somos, Apr 15 2015
G.f.: 1 / (1 - x / (1 + 2*x^2 / (1 + x / (1 + x / (1 - x))))). - Michael Somos, Apr 15 2015
From Wesley Ivan Hurt, Jul 05 2016: (Start)
a(n) + a(n-3) = 0 for n>2.
a(n) = (cos(n*Pi) + 2*cos(n*Pi/3) + 2*sqrt(3)*sin(n*Pi/3)) / 3. (End)
a(n)*a(n-4) = a(n-1)*a(n-3) for all n in Z. - Michael Somos, Feb 25 2020

A121868 Let A(0) = 1, B(0) = 0; A(n+1) = Sum_{k=0..n} binomial(n,k)*B(k), B(n+1) = Sum_{k=0..n} -binomial(n,k)*A(k); entry gives B sequence (cf. A121867).

Original entry on oeis.org

0, -1, -1, 0, 5, 23, 74, 161, -57, -3466, -27361, -155397, -687688, -1888525, 4974059, 134695952, 1400820897, 11055147275, 70658948426, 327448854237, 223871274083, -19116044475298, -314203665206509, -3562429698724513, -33024521386113840, -250403183401213513
Offset: 0

Views

Author

N. J. A. Sloane, Sep 05 2006

Keywords

Comments

Stirling transform of (I^(n+1)+(-I)^(n+1))/2 = (0,-1,0,1,..) repeated.

Examples

			From _Peter Bala_, Aug 28 2008: (Start)
E_2(k) as a linear combination of E_2(i), i = 0..1.
============================
..E_2(k)..|...E_2(0)..E_2(1)
============================
..E_2(2)..|....-1.......1...
..E_2(3)..|....-3.......0...
..E_2(4)..|....-6......-5...
..E_2(5)..|....-5.....-23...
..E_2(6)..|....33.....-74...
..E_2(7)..|...266....-161...
..E_2(8)..|..1309......57...
..E_2(9)..|..4905....3466...
(End)
		

Crossrefs

Programs

  • GAP
    List([0..30], n-> Sum([0..Int(n/2)], k-> (-1)^(k+1)* Stirling2(n,2*k+1)) ); # G. C. Greubel, Oct 09 2019
  • Magma
    [(&+[(-1)^(k+1)*StirlingSecond(n,2*k+1): k in [0..Floor(n/2)]]): n in [0..30]]; // G. C. Greubel, Oct 09 2019
    
  • Maple
    # Maple code for A024430, A024429, A121867, A121868.
    M:=30; a:=array(0..100); b:=array(0..100); c:=array(0..100); d:=array(0..100); a[0]:=1; b[0]:=0; c[0]:=1; d[0]:=0;
    for n from 1 to M do a[n]:=add(binomial(n-1,k)*b[k], k=0..n-1); b[n]:=add(binomial(n-1,k)*a[k], k=0..n-1); c[n]:=add(binomial(n-1,k)*d[k], k=0..n-1); d[n]:=-add(binomial(n-1,k)*c[k], k=0..n-1); od: ta:=[seq(a[n],n=0..M)]; tb:=[seq(b[n],n=0..M)]; tc:=[seq(c[n],n=0..M)]; td:=[seq(d[n],n=0..M)];
    # Code based on Stirling transform:
    stirtr:= proc(p) proc(n) option remember;
                add(p(k) *Stirling2(n, k), k=0..n) end
             end:
    a:= stirtr(n-> (I^(n+1) + (-I)^(n+1))/2):
    seq(a(n), n=0..30);  # Alois P. Heinz, Jan 29 2011
  • Mathematica
    stirtr[p_] := Module[{f}, f[n_] := f[n] = Sum[p[k]*StirlingS2[n, k], {k, 0, n}]; f]; a = stirtr[(I^(#+1)+(-I)^(#+1))/2&]; Table[a[n], {n, 0, 30}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Mar 11 2014, after Alois P. Heinz *)
    Table[Im[BellB[n, -I]], {n, 0, 25}] (* Vladimir Reshetnikov, Oct 22 2015 *)
  • PARI
    a(n) = sum(k=0,n\2, (-1)^(k+1)*stirling(n,2*k+1,2));
    vector(30, n, a(n-1)) \\ G. C. Greubel, Oct 09 2019
    
  • Sage
    [sum((-1)^(k+1)*stirling_number2(n,2*k+1) for k in (0..floor(n/2))) for n in (0..30)] # G. C. Greubel, Oct 09 2019
    

Formula

From Peter Bala, Aug 28 2008: (Start)
This sequence and its companion A121867 are related to the pair of constants cos(1) + sin(1) and cos(1) - sin(1) and may be viewed as generalizations of the Uppuluri-Carpenter numbers (complementary Bell numbers) A000587.
Define E_2(k) = Sum_{n >= 0} (-1)^floor(n/2) *n^k/n! for k = 0,1,2,... . Then E_2(0) = cos(1) + sin(1) and E_2(1) = cos(1) - sin(1). Furthermore, E_2(k) is an integral linear combination of E_2(0) and E_2(1) (a Dobinski-type relation). For example, E_2(2) = - E_2(0) + E_2(1), E_2(3) = -3*E_2(0) and E_2(4) = - 6*E_2(0) - 5*E_2(1). More examples are given below. The precise result is E_2(k) = A121867(k) * E_2(0) - A121868(k) * E_2(1).
For similar results see A143628. The decimal expansions of E_2(0) and E_2(1) are given in A143623 and A143624 respectively. (End)
From Vladimir Kruchinin, Jan 26 2011: (Start)
E.g.f.: A(x) = -sin(exp(x)-1).
a(n) = Sum_{k = 0..floor(n/2)} Stirling2(n,2*k+1)*(-1)^(k+1). (End)

A143630 Define E(n) = Sum_{k >= 0} (-1)^floor(k/3)*k^n/k! for n = 0,1,2,.... Then E(n) is an integral linear combination of E(0), E(1) and E(2). This sequence lists the coefficients of E(2).

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 16, -77, -922, -6660, -41264, -233828, -1218392, -5607225, -19220589, 4397930, 1016675382, 14251497833, 151695504253, 1432992328055, 12527186450276, 102042171190168, 760272520469199, 4849866087637364
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Peter Bala, Sep 05 2008

Keywords

Comments

This sequence and its companion sequences A143628 and A143629 may be viewed as generalizations of the Uppuluri-Carpenter numbers (complementary Bell numbers) A000587. Define E(n) = Sum_{k >= 0} (-1)^floor(k/3)*k^n/k! = 0^n/0! + 1^n/1! + 2^n/2! - 3^n/3! - 4^n/4! - 5^n/5! + + + - - - ... for n = 0,1,2,.... It is easy to see that E(n+3) = 3*E(n+2) - 2*E(n+1) - Sum_{i = 0..n} 3^i*binomial(n,i)*E(n-i) for n >= 0. Thus E(n) is an integral linear combination of E(0), E(1) and E(2). Some examples are given below. This sequence lists the coefficients of E(2). The precise result is E(n) = A143628(n)*E(0) + A143629(n)*E(1) + A143630(n)*E(2). Compare with A121867 and A143815.

Examples

			E(n) as linear combination of E(i),
i = 0..2.
====================================
..E(n)..|.....E(0)....E(1).....E(2).
====================================
..E(3)..|......-1......-2........3..
..E(4)..|......-6......-7........7..
..E(5)..|.....-25.....-23.......14..
..E(6)..|.....-89.....-80.......16..
..E(7)..|....-280....-271......-77..
..E(8)..|....-700....-750.....-922..
..E(9)..|....-380....-647....-6660..
..E(10).|...13452...13039...-41264..
...
a(5) = 14 because E(5) = -25*E(0) - 23*E(1) + 14*E(2).
a(6) = 16 because E(6) = -89*E(0) - 80*E(1) + 16*E(2).
		

Crossrefs

Programs

  • Maple
    # Compare with A143817
    #
    M:=24: a:=array(0..100): b:=array(0..100): c:=array(0..100):
    a[0]:=1: b[0]:=0: c[0]:=0:
    for n from 1 to M do
    a[n]:= -add(binomial(n-1,k)*c[k], k=0..n-1);
    b[n]:= add(binomial(n-1,k)*a[k], k=0..n-1);
    c[n]:= add(binomial(n-1,k)*b[k], k=0..n-1);
    end do:
    A143630:=[seq(c[n], n=0..M)];
  • Mathematica
    m = 23; a[0] = 1; b[0] = 0; c[0] = 0; For[n = 1, n <= m, n++, a[n] = -Sum[Binomial[n - 1, k]*c[k], {k, 0, n - 1}]; b[n] = Sum[Binomial[n - 1, k]*a[k], {k, 0, n - 1}]; c[n] = Sum[Binomial[n - 1, k]*b[k], {k, 0, n - 1}]]; A143630 = Table[c[n], {n, 0, m}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Mar 06 2013, after Maple *)
  • PARI
    Bell_poly(n, x) = exp(-x)*suminf(k=0, k^n*x^k/k!);
    a(n) = my(w=(-1+sqrt(3)*I)/2); round(Bell_poly(n, -1)+w*Bell_poly(n, -w)+w^2*Bell_poly(n, -w^2))/3; \\ Seiichi Manyama, Oct 15 2022

Formula

Define three sequences A(n), B(n) and C(n) by the relations: A(n+1) = - Sum_{i = 0..n} binomial(n,i)*C(i), B(n+1) = Sum_{i = 0..n} binomial(n,i)*A(i), C(n+1) = Sum_{i = 0..n} binomial(n,i)*B(i), with initial conditions A(0) = 1, B(0) = C(0) = 0. Then a(n) = C(n). The other sequences are A(n) = A143628 and B(n) = A143631. Compare with A143817.
From Seiichi Manyama, Oct 15 2022: (Start)
a(n) = Sum_{k = 0..floor((n-2)/3)} (-1)^k * Stirling2(n,3*k+2).
a(n) = ( Bell_n(-1) + w * Bell_n(-w) + w^2 * Bell_n(-w^2) )/3, where Bell_n(x) is n-th Bell polynomial and w = exp(2*Pi*i/3). (End)

A143817 Let A(0) = 1, B(0) = 0 and C(0) = 0. Let B(n+1) = Sum_{k = 0..n} binomial(n,k)* A(k), C(n+1) = Sum_{k = 0..n} binomial(n,k)*B(k) and A(n+1) = Sum_{k = 0..n} binomial(n,k)*C(k). This entry gives the sequence C(n).

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 1, 3, 7, 16, 46, 203, 1178, 7242, 43786, 259634, 1540540, 9414639, 61061613, 428890726, 3266930298, 26581123093, 226393705465, 1986997358251, 17827284972818, 163278469610570, 1531115974317975, 14771302315885372, 147267150734530892, 1521022490460243316
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Peter Bala, Sep 03 2008

Keywords

Comments

Compare with A024429 and A024430.
This sequence and its companion sequences A(n) = A143815 and B(n) = A143816 may be viewed as generalizations of the Bell numbers A000110. Define R(n) = Sum_{k >= 0} (3k)^n/(3k)! for n = 0,1,2,.... Then the real number R(n) is an integral linear combination of R(0) = 1 + 1/3! + 1/6! + ...., R(2) - R(1) = 1/1! + 1/4! + 1/7! + ... and R(1) = 1/2! + 1/5! + 1/8! + ... . Some examples are given below. The precise result is R(n) = A(n)*R(0) + B(n)*R(1) + C(n)*(R(2)-R(1)). This generalizes the Dobinski relation for the Bell numbers: Sum_{k >= 0} k^n/k! = A000110(n)*exp(1). See A143815 for more details. Compare with A143628 through A143631. The decimal expansions of R(0), R(2) - R(1) and R(1) may be found in A143819, A143820 and A143821 respectively.

Examples

			R(n) as a linear combination of R(0),R(1)
and R(2) - R(1).
=======================================
..R(n)..|.....R(0).....R(1)...R(2)-R(1)
=======================================
..R(3)..|.......1........1........3....
..R(4)..|.......6........2........7....
..R(5)..|......25.......11.......16....
..R(6)..|......91.......66.......46....
..R(7)..|.....322......352......203....
..R(8)..|....1232.....1730.....1178....
..R(9)..|....5672.....8233.....7242....
..R(10).|...32202....39987....43786....
		

Crossrefs

Programs

  • Maple
    # (1)
    M:=24: a:=array(0..100): b:=array(0..100): c:=array(0..100):
    a[0]:=1: b[0]:=0: c[0]:=0:
    for n from 1 to M do
    b[n]:=add(binomial(n-1,k)*a[k], k=0..n-1);
    c[n]:=add(binomial(n-1,k)*b[k], k=0..n-1);
    a[n]:=add(binomial(n-1,k)*c[k], k=0..n-1);
    end do:
    A143817:=[seq(c[n], n=0..M)];
    # (2)
    seq(add(Stirling2(n,3*i+2),i = 0..floor((n-2)/3)), n = 0..24);
    # third Maple program:
    b:= proc(n, t) option remember; `if`(n=0, irem(t, 2),
          add(b(n-j, irem(t+1, 3))*binomial(n-1, j-1), j=1..n))
        end:
    a:= n-> b(n, 2):
    seq(a(n), n=0..25);  # Alois P. Heinz, Feb 20 2018
  • Mathematica
    a[n_] := Sum[ StirlingS2[n, 3*i+2], {i, 0, (n-2)/3}]; Table[a[n], {n, 0, 23}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Mar 06 2013 *)
  • PARI
    Bell_poly(n, x) = exp(-x)*suminf(k=0, k^n*x^k/k!);
    a(n) = my(w=(-1+sqrt(3)*I)/2); round(Bell_poly(n, 1)+w*Bell_poly(n, w)+w^2*Bell_poly(n, w^2))/3; \\ Seiichi Manyama, Oct 13 2022

Formula

a(n) = Sum_{k = 0..floor((n-2)/3)} Stirling2(n,3k+2).
Let w = exp(2*Pi*i/3) and set F(x) = (exp(x) + w*exp(w*x) + w^2*exp(w^2*x))/3 = x^2/2! + x^5/5! + x^8/8! + ... . Then the e.g.f. for the sequence is F(exp(x)-1).
A143815(n) + A143816(n) + A143817(n) = Bell(n).
a(n) = ( Bell_n(1) + w * Bell_n(w) + w^2 * Bell_n(w^2) )/3, where Bell_n(x) is n-th Bell polynomial and w = exp(2*Pi*i/3). - Seiichi Manyama, Oct 13 2022

Extensions

Spelling/notation corrections by Charles R Greathouse IV, Mar 18 2010

A143629 Define E(n) = Sum_{k>=0} (-1)^floor(k/3)*k^n/k! for n = 0,1,2,... . Then E(n) is an integral linear combination of E(0), E(1) and E(2). This sequence lists the coefficients of E(1).

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 0, -2, -7, -23, -80, -271, -750, -647, 13039, 152011, 1232583, 8750796, 57405464, 349329354, 1899818951, 8008845556, 5981853002, -425732481925, -7285403175563, -89895756043392, -970910901819211, -9663021449412616
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Peter Bala, Sep 05 2008

Keywords

Comments

This sequence and its companion sequences A143628 and A143630 may be viewed as generalizations of the Uppuluri-Carpenter numbers (complementary Bell numbers) A000587. Define E(n) = Sum_{k>=0} (-1)^floor(k/3)*k^n/k! = 0^n/0! + 1^n/1! + 2^n/2! - 3^n/3! - 4^n/4! - 5^n/5! + + + - - - ... for n = 0,1,2,... . It is easy to see that E(n+3) = 3*E(n+2) - 2*E(n+1) - Sum_{i = 0..n} 3^i*binomial(n,i)*E(n-i) for n >= 0. Thus E(n) is an integral linear combination of E(0), E(1) and E(2). This sequence lists the coefficients of E(1). Some examples are given below. The precise result for E(n) as a linear combination of E(0), E(1) and E(2) is E(n) = A143628(n)*E(0) + A143629(n)*E(1) + A143630(n)*E(2). Compare with A121867 and A143815.

Examples

			E(n) as linear combination of E(i),
i = 0..2.
====================================
..E(n)..|.....E(0).....E(1)....E(2).
====================================
..E(3)..|......-1......-2........3..
..E(4)..|......-6......-7........7..
..E(5)..|.....-25.....-23.......14..
..E(6)..|.....-89.....-80.......16..
..E(7)..|....-280....-271......-77..
..E(8)..|....-700....-750.....-922..
..E(9)..|....-380....-647....-6660..
..E(10).|...13452...13039...-41264..
...
a(5) = -23 because E(5) = -25*E(0) - 23*E(1) + 14*E(2).
a(6) = -80 because E(6) = -89*E(0) - 80*E(1) + 16*E(2).
		

Crossrefs

Programs

  • Maple
    # Compare with A143818
    M:=24: a:=array(0..100): b:=array(0..100): c:=array(0..100):
    a[0]:=1: b[0]:=0: c[0]:=0:
    for n from 1 to M do
    a[n]:= -add(binomial(n-1,k)*c[k], k=0..n-1);
    b[n]:= add(binomial(n-1,k)*a[k], k=0..n-1);
    c[n]:= add(binomial(n-1,k)*b[k], k=0..n-1);
    end do:
    A143629:=[seq(b[n]-c[n], n=0..M)];
  • Mathematica
    m = 23; a[0] = 1; b[0] = 0; c[0] = 0; For[n = 1, n <= m, n++, a[n] = -Sum[ Binomial[n - 1, k]*c[k], {k, 0, n - 1}]; b[n] = Sum[ Binomial[n - 1, k]*a[k], {k, 0, n - 1}]; c[n] = Sum[ Binomial[n - 1, k]*b[k], {k, 0, n - 1}] ]; A143629 = Table[b[n] - c[n], {n, 0, m}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Mar 06 2013, after Maple *)

Formula

Define three sequences A(n), B(n) and C(n) by the relations: A(n+1) = - Sum_{i = 0..n} binomial(n,i)*C(i), B(n+1) = Sum_{i = 0..n} binomial(n,i)*A(i), C(n+1) = Sum_{i = 0..n} binomial(n,i)*B(i), with initial conditions A(0) = 1, B(0) = C(0) = 0. Then a(n) = B(n) - C(n). The other sequences are A(n) = A143628(n) and C(n) = A143630(n). The values of B(n) are recorded in A143631. Compare with A143818. Also a(n) = A143628(n) - A000587(n).

A143816 Let A(0) = 1, B(0) = 0 and C(0) = 0. Let B(n+1) = Sum_{k = 0..n} binomial(n,k)* A(k), C(n+1) = Sum_{k = 0..n} binomial(n,k)*B(k) and A(n+1) = Sum_{k = 0..n} binomial(n,k)*C(k). This entry gives the sequence B(n).

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 1, 1, 2, 11, 66, 352, 1730, 8233, 39987, 209793, 1240603, 8287281, 60473869, 463764484, 3647602117, 29165686541, 237499318823, 1984374301872, 17167462137733, 154885317758354, 1461156867801556, 14381004640256202, 146852743814531169, 1546054541191452967
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Peter Bala, Sep 03 2008

Keywords

Comments

Compare with A024429 and A024430.
This sequence and its companion sequences A(n) = A143815 and C(n) = A143817 may be viewed as generalizations of the Bell numbers A000110. Define R(n) = Sum_{k >= 0} (3k)^n/(3k)! for n = 0,1,2,.... Then the real number R(n) is an integral linear combination of R(0) = 1 + 1/3! + 1/6! + ...., R(2) - R(1) = 1/1! + 1/4! + 1/7! + ... and R(1) = 1/2! + 1/5! + 1/8! + .... Some examples are given below. The precise result is R(n) = A(n)*R(0) + B(n)*R(1) + C(n)*(R(2)-R(1)). This generalizes the Dobinski relation for the Bell numbers: Sum_{k >= 0} k^n/k! = A000110(n)*exp(1). See A143815 for more details. Compare with A143628 through A143631. The decimal expansions of R(0), R(2) - R(1) and R(1) may be found in A143819, A143820 and A143821 respectively.

Examples

			R(n) as a linear combination of R(0),R(1)
and R(2) - R(1).
=======================================
..R(n)..|.....R(0).....R(1)...R(2)-R(1)
=======================================
..R(3)..|.......1........1........3....
..R(4)..|.......6........2........7....
..R(5)..|......25.......11.......16....
..R(6)..|......91.......66.......46....
..R(7)..|.....322......352......203....
..R(8)..|....1232.....1730.....1178....
..R(9)..|....5672.....8233.....7242....
..R(10).|...32202....39987....43786....
		

Crossrefs

Programs

  • Maple
    # (1)
    M:=24: a:=array(0..100): b:=array(0..100): c:=array(0..100):
    a[0]:=1: b[0]:=0: c[0]:=0:
    for n from 1 to M do
    b[n]:=add(binomial(n-1,k)*a[k], k=0..n-1);
    c[n]:=add(binomial(n-1,k)*b[k], k=0..n-1);
    a[n]:=add(binomial(n-1,k)*c[k], k=0..n-1);
    end do:
    A143816:=[seq(b[n], n=0..M)];
    # (2)
    seq(add(Stirling2(n,3*i+1),i = 0..floor((n-1)/3)), n = 0..24);
    # third Maple program:
    b:= proc(n, t) option remember; `if`(n=0, irem(t, 2),
          add(b(n-j, irem(t+1, 3))*binomial(n-1, j-1), j=1..n))
        end:
    a:= n-> b(n, 0):
    seq(a(n), n=0..25);  # Alois P. Heinz, Feb 20 2018
  • Mathematica
    m = 23; a[0] = 1; b[0] = 0; c[0] = 0; For[n = 1, n <= m, n++, b[n] = Sum[Binomial[n - 1, k]*a[k], {k, 0, n - 1}]; c[n] = Sum[Binomial[n - 1, k]*b[k], {k, 0, n - 1}]; a[n] = Sum[Binomial[n - 1, k]*c[k], {k, 0, n - 1}]]; A143816 = Table[ b[n], {n, 0, m}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Mar 06 2013, after Maple *)
  • PARI
    Bell_poly(n, x) = exp(-x)*suminf(k=0, k^n*x^k/k!);
    a(n) = my(w=(-1+sqrt(3)*I)/2); round(Bell_poly(n, 1)+w^2*Bell_poly(n, w)+w*Bell_poly(n, w^2))/3; \\ Seiichi Manyama, Oct 13 2022

Formula

a(n) = Sum_{k = 0..floor((n-1)/3)} Stirling2(n,3k+1).
Let w = exp(2*Pi*i/3) and set F(x) = (exp(x) + w^2*exp(w*x) + w*exp(w^2*x))/3 = x + x^4/4! + x^7/7! + ... . Then the e.g.f. for the sequence is F(exp(x)-1). A143815(n) + A143816(n) + A143817(n) = Bell(n).
a(n) = ( Bell_n(1) + w^2 * Bell_n(w) + w * Bell_n(w^2) )/3, where Bell_n(x) is n-th Bell polynomial and w = exp(2*Pi*i/3). - Seiichi Manyama, Oct 13 2022

Extensions

Spelling/notation corrections by Charles R Greathouse IV, Mar 18 2010

A143818 Let R(n) = sum {k = 0..inf} (3k)^n/(3k)! for n = 0,1,2,... . Then the real number R(n) is an integral linear combination of R(0), R(1) and R(2). This sequence gives the coefficients of R(1).

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 0, -2, -5, -5, 20, 149, 552, 991, -3799, -49841, -299937, -1127358, -587744, 34873758, 380671819, 2584563448, 11105613358, -2623056379, -659822835085, -8393151852216, -69959106516419, -390297675629170, -414406919999723
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Peter Bala, Sep 03 2008

Keywords

Comments

The coefficients of R(0) and R(2) are listed in A143815 and A143817 respectively.

Examples

			R(n) as a linear combination of R(i),
i = 0..2.
====================================
..R(n)..|.....R(0)....R(1)....R(2)..
====================================
..R(3)..|.......1......-2.......3...
..R(4)..|.......6......-5.......7...
..R(5)..|......25......-5......16...
..R(6)..|......91......20......46...
..R(7)..|.....322.....149.....203...
..R(8)..|....1232.....552....1178...
..R(9)..|....5672.....991....7242...
..R(10).|...32202...-3799...43786...
...
		

Crossrefs

Programs

  • Maple
    M:=24: a:=array(0..100): b:=array(0..100): c:=array(0..100):
    a[0]:=1: b[0]:=0: c[0]:=0:
    for n from 1 to M do
    a[n]:=add(binomial(n-1,k)*b[k], k=0..n-1);
    b[n]:=add(binomial(n-1,k)*c[k], k=0..n-1);
    c[n]:=add(binomial(n-1,k)*a[k], k=0..n-1);
    end do:
    A143818:=[seq(b[n]-c[n], n=0..M)];
  • Mathematica
    m = 24; a[0] = 1; b[0] = 0; c[0] = 0; For[n = 1, n <= m, n++, a[n] = Sum[Binomial[n - 1, k]*b[k], {k, 0, n - 1}]; b[n] = Sum[Binomial[n - 1, k]*c[k], {k, 0, n - 1}]; c[n] = Sum[Binomial[n - 1, k]*a[k], {k, 0, n - 1}] ]; A143818 = Table[c[n] - b[n], {n, 0, m}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Mar 06 2013, after Maple *)

Formula

a(n) = A143816(n) - A143817(n). a(n) = sum {k = 0..floor((n-1)/3)} (Stirling2(n,3k+1) - Stirling2(n,3k+2)). Let R(n) = sum {k = 0..inf} (3k)^n/(3k)! for n = 0,1,2,... . Then R(n) = A143815(n)*R(0) + A143818(n)*R(1) + A143817(n)*R(2). Some examples are given below. This generalizes the Dobinski relation for the Bell numbers: sum {k = 0..inf} k^n/k! = A000110(n)*exp(1). See A143815 for more details. Compare with A024429, A024430 and A143628--A143631

Extensions

Spelling/notation corrections by Charles R Greathouse IV, Mar 18 2010
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