A210657 -id:A210657 - cp's OEIS frontend

A255882 Expansion of exp( Sum_{n >= 1} A210657(n)*(-x)^n/n ).

1, 2, 13, 224, 8170, 522716, 51749722, 7309866728, 1394040714169, 344865267322010, 107361980072755261, 41067497940750566312, 18931745446455458282248, 10350955324610065848650384, 6622526747212249020075069880, 4901565185965701578921602882976

Offset: 0

Peter Bala, Mar 09 2015

A210657(n) = 3^(2*n)*E(2*n,1/3), where E(n,x) is the n-th Euler polynomial. In general it appears that when is k a nonzero integer, the expansion of exp( Sum_{n >= 1} k^(2*n)*E(2*n,1/k)*(-x)^n/n ) has (positive) integer coefficients. See A255881 (k = 2), A255883(k = 4) and A255884 (k = 6).

G. C. Greubel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..200
E. W. Weisstein, Euler Polynomial

Cf. A188514, A210657, A255881, A255883, A255884.

#A255882
k := 3:
exp(add(k^(2*n)*euler(2*n, 1/k)*(-x)^n/n, n = 1 .. 15)): seq(coeftayl(%, x = 0, n), n = 0 .. 15);

A210657[n_]:= 9^n EulerE[2 n, 1/3]; a:= With[{nmax = 80}, CoefficientList[Series[Exp[Sum[A210657[k]*(-x)^(k)/(k), {k, 1, 75}]], {x, 0, nmax}], x]]; Table[a[[n]], {n, 1, 51}] (* G. C. Greubel, Aug 26 2018 *)

O.g.f.: exp( 2*x + 22*x^2/2 + 602*x^3/3 + 30742*x^4/4 + ... ) = 1 + 2*x + 13*x^2 + 224*x^3 + 8170*x^4 + ....
a(0) = 1 and for n >= 1, n*a(n) = Sum_{k = 1..n} (-1)^k*3^(2*k)*E(2*k,1/3)*a(n-k).
a(n) ~ 2^(2*n + 2) * 3^(2*n + 1/2) * n^(2*n - 1/2) / (exp(2*n) * Pi^(2*n + 1/2)). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Jun 08 2019

A000364 Euler (or secant or "Zig") numbers: e.g.f. (even powers only) sec(x) = 1/cos(x).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 5, 61, 1385, 50521, 2702765, 199360981, 19391512145, 2404879675441, 370371188237525, 69348874393137901, 15514534163557086905, 4087072509293123892361, 1252259641403629865468285, 441543893249023104553682821, 177519391579539289436664789665

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane

Inverse Gudermannian gd^(-1)(x) = log(sec(x) + tan(x)) = log(tan(Pi/4 + x/2)) = arctanh(sin(x)) = 2 * arctanh(tan(x/2)) = 2 * arctanh(csc(x) - cot(x)). - Michael Somos, Mar 19 2011
a(n) is the number of downup permutations of [2n]. Example: a(2)=5 counts 4231, 4132, 3241, 3142, 2143. - David Callan, Nov 21 2011
a(n) is the number of increasing full binary trees on vertices {0,1,2,...,2n} for which the leftmost leaf is labeled 2n. - David Callan, Nov 21 2011
a(n) is the number of unordered increasing trees of size 2n+1 with only even degrees allowed and degree-weight generating function given by cosh(t). - Markus Kuba, Sep 13 2014
a(n) is the number of standard Young tableaux of skew shape (n+1,n,n-1,...,3,2)/(n-1,n-2,...2,1). - Ran Pan, Apr 10 2015
Since cos(z) has a root at z = Pi/2 and no other root in C with a smaller |z|, the radius of convergence of the e.g.f. (intended complex-valued) is Pi/2 = A019669 (see also A028296). - Stanislav Sykora, Oct 07 2016
All terms are odd. - Alois P. Heinz, Jul 22 2018
The sequence starting with a(1) is periodic modulo any odd prime p. The minimal period is (p-1)/2 if p == 1 mod 4 and p-1 if p == 3 mod 4 [Knuth & Buckholtz, 1967, Theorem 2]. - Allen Stenger, Aug 03 2020
Conjecture: taking the sequence [a(n) : n >= 1] modulo an integer k gives a purely periodic sequence with period dividing phi(k). For example, the sequence taken modulo 21 begins [1, 5, 19, 20, 16, 2, 1, 5, 19, 20, 16, 2, 1, 5, 19, 20, 16, 2, 1, 5, 19, ...] with an apparent period of 6 = phi(21)/2. - Peter Bala, May 08 2023

			G.f. = 1 + x + 5*x^2 + 61*x^3 + 1385*x^4 + 50521*x^5 + 2702765*x^6 + 199360981*x^7 + ...
sec(x) = 1 + 1/2*x^2 + 5/24*x^4 + 61/720*x^6 + ...
From _Gary W. Adamson_, Jul 18 2011: (Start)
The first few rows of matrix M are:
   1,  1,  0,  0,  0, ...
   4,  4,  4,  0,  0, ...
   9,  9,  9,  9,  0, ...
  16, 16, 16, 16, 16, ... (End)

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Index entries for "core" sequences.
Index entries for sequences related to boustrophedon transform.

Cf. A000111, A000182, A011248, A019669, A034947, A060075, A013525, A000816, A002436, A000464, A002105, A002439, A079144, A158690.
Essentially same as A028296 and A122045.
First column of triangle A060074.
Two main diagonals of triangle A060058 (as iterated sums of squares).
Absolute values of row sums of A160485. - Johannes W. Meijer, Jul 06 2009
Left edge of triangle A210108, see also A125053, A076552. Cf. A255881.
Bisection (even part) of A317139.
The sequences [(-k^2)^n*Euler(2*n, 1/k), n = 0, 1, ...] are: A000007 (k=1), A000364 (k=2), |A210657| (k=3), A000281 (k=4), A272158 (k=5), A002438 (k=6), A273031 (k=7).

series(sec(x),x,40): SERIESTOSERIESMULT(%): subs(x=sqrt(y),%): seriestolist(%);
# end of program
A000364_list := proc(n) local S,k,j; S[0] := 1;
for k from 1 to n do S[k] := k*S[k-1] od;
for k from  1 to n do
    for j from k to n do
        S[j] := (j-k)*S[j-1]+(j-k+1)*S[j] od od;
seq(S[j], j=1..n)  end:
A000364_list(16);  # Peter Luschny, Apr 02 2012
A000364 := proc(n)
    abs(euler(2*n)) ;
end proc: # R. J. Mathar, Mar 14 2013

Take[ Range[0, 32]! * CoefficientList[ Series[ Sec[x], {x, 0, 32}], x], {1, 32, 2}] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Apr 23 2006 *)
Table[Abs[EulerE[2n]], {n, 0, 30}] (* Ray Chandler, Mar 20 2007 *)
a[ n_] := If[ n < 0, 0, With[{m = 2 n}, m! SeriesCoefficient[ Sec[ x], {x, 0, m}]]]; (* Michael Somos, Nov 22 2013 *)
a[ n_] := If[ n < 0, 0, With[{m = 2 n + 1}, m! SeriesCoefficient[ InverseGudermannian[ x], {x, 0, m}]]]; (* Michael Somos, Nov 22 2013 *)
a[n_] := Sum[Sum[Binomial[k, m] (-1)^(n+k)/(2^(m-1)) Sum[Binomial[m, j]* (2j-m)^(2n), {j, 0, m/2}] (-1)^(k-m), {m, 0, k}], {k, 1, 2n}]; Table[ a[n], {n, 0, 16}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Jun 26 2019, after Vladimir Kruchinin *)
a[0] := 1; a[n_] := a[n] = -Sum[a[n - k]/(2 k)!, {k, 1, n}]; Map[(-1)^# (2 #)! a[#] &, Range[0, 16]] (* Oliver Seipel, May 18 2024 *)

a(n):=sum(sum(binomial(k,m)*(-1)^(n+k)/(2^(m-1))*sum(binomial(m,j)*(2*j-m)^(2*n),j,0,m/2)*(-1)^(k-m),m,0,k),k,1,2*n); /* Vladimir Kruchinin, Aug 05 2010 */

a[n]:=if n=0 then 1 else sum(sum((i-k)^(2*n)*binomial(2*k, i)*(-1)^(i+k+n), i, 0, k-1)/ (2^(k-1)), k, 1, 2*n); makelist(a[n], n, 0, 16); /* Vladimir Kruchinin, Oct 05 2012 */

{a(n)=local(CF=1+x*O(x^n));if(n<0,return(0), for(k=1,n,CF=1/(1-(n-k+1)^2*x*CF));return(Vec(CF)[n+1]))} \\ Paul D. Hanna Oct 07 2005

{a(n) = if( n<0, 0, (2*n)! * polcoeff( 1 / cos(x + O(x^(2*n + 1))), 2*n))}; /* Michael Somos, Jun 18 2002 */

{a(n) = my(A); if( n<0, 0, n = 2*n+1 ; A = x * O(x^n); n! * polcoeff( log(1 / cos(x + A) + tan(x + A)), n))}; /* Michael Somos, Aug 15 2007 */

{a(n)=polcoeff(sum(m=0, n, (2*m)!/2^m * x^m/prod(k=1, m, 1+k^2*x+x*O(x^n))), n)} \\ Paul D. Hanna, Sep 20 2012

list(n)=my(v=Vec(1/cos(x+O(x^(2*n+1)))));vector(n,i,v[2*i-1]*(2*i-2)!) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Oct 16 2012

a(n)=subst(bernpol(2*n+1),'x,1/4)*4^(2*n+1)*(-1)^(n+1)/(2*n+1) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Dec 10 2014

a(n)=abs(eulerfrac(2*n)) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Mar 23 2022

\\ Based on an algorithm of Peter Bala, cf. link in A110501.
upto(n) = my(v1, v2, v3); v1 = vector(n+1, i, 0); v1[1] = 1; v2 = vector(n, i, i^2); v3 = v1; for(i=2, n+1, for(j=2, i-1, v1[j] += v2[i-j+1]*v1[j-1]); v1[i] = v1[i-1]; v3[i] = v1[i]); v3 \\ Mikhail Kurkov, Aug 30 2025

from functools import lru_cache
from math import comb
@lru_cache(maxsize=None)
def A000364(n): return 1 if n == 0 else (1 if n % 2 else -1)*sum((-1 if i % 2 else 1)*A000364(i)*comb(2*n,2*i) for i in range(n)) # Chai Wah Wu, Jan 14 2022

# after Mikhail Kurkov, based on an algorithm of Peter Bala, cf. link in A110501.
def euler_list(len: int) -> list[int]:
    if len == 0: return []
    v1 = [1] + [0] * (len - 1)
    v2 = [i**2 for i in range(1, len + 1)]
    result = [0] * len
    result[0] = 1
    for i in range(1, len):
        for j in range(1, i):
            v1[j] += v2[i - j] * v1[j - 1]
        v1[i] = v1[i - 1]
        result[i] = v1[i]
    return result
print(euler_list(1000))  # Peter Luschny, Aug 30 2025

# Algorithm of L. Seidel (1877)
# n -> [a(0), a(1), ..., a(n-1)] for n > 0.
def A000364_list(len) :
    R = []; A = {-1:0, 0:1}; k = 0; e = 1
    for i in (0..2*len-1) :
        Am = 0; A[k + e] = 0; e = -e
        for j in (0..i) : Am += A[k]; A[k] = Am; k += e
        if e < 0 : R.append(A[-i//2])
    return R
A000364_list(17) # Peter Luschny, Mar 31 2012

E.g.f.: Sum_{n >= 0} a(n) * x^(2*n) / (2*n)! = sec(x). - Michael Somos, Aug 15 2007
E.g.f.: Sum_{n >= 0} a(n) * x^(2*n+1) / (2*n+1)! = gd^(-1)(x). - Michael Somos, Aug 15 2007
E.g.f.: Sum_{n >= 0} a(n)*x^(2*n+1)/(2*n+1)! = 2*arctanh(cosec(x)-cotan(x)). - Ralf Stephan, Dec 16 2004
Pi/4 - [Sum_{k=0..n-1} (-1)^k/(2*k+1)] ~ (1/2)*[Sum_{k>=0} (-1)^k*E(k)/(2*n)^(2k+1)] for positive even n. [Borwein, Borwein, and Dilcher]
Also, for positive odd n, log(2) - Sum_{k = 1..(n-1)/2} (-1)^(k-1)/k ~ (-1)^((n-1)/2) * Sum_{k >= 0} (-1)^k*E(k)/n^(2*k+1), where E(k) is the k-th Euler number, by Borwein, Borwein, and Dilcher, Lemma 2 with f(x) := 1/(x + 1/2), h := 1/2 and then replace x with (n-1)/2. - Peter Bala, Oct 29 2016
Let M_n be the n X n matrix M_n(i, j) = binomial(2*i, 2*(j-1)) = A086645(i, j-1); then for n>0, a(n) = det(M_n); example: det([1, 1, 0, 0; 1, 6, 1, 0; 1, 15, 15, 1; 1, 28, 70, 28 ]) = 1385. - Philippe Deléham, Sep 04 2005
This sequence is also (-1)^n*EulerE(2*n) or abs(EulerE(2*n)). - Paul Abbott (paul(AT)physics.uwa.edu.au), Apr 14 2006
a(n) = 2^n * E_n(1/2), where E_n(x) is an Euler polynomial.
a(k) = a(j) (mod 2^n) if and only if k == j (mod 2^n) (k and j  are even). [Stern; see also Wagstaff and Sun]
E_k(3^(k+1)+1)/4 = (3^k/2)*Sum_{j=0..2^n-1} (-1)^(j-1)*(2j+1)^k*[(3j+1)/2^n] (mod 2^n) where k is even and [x] is the greatest integer function. [Sun]
a(n) ~ 2^(2*n+2)*(2*n)!/Pi^(2*n+1) as n -> infinity. [corrected by Vaclav Kotesovec, Jul 10 2021]
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} A094665(n, k)*2^(n-k). - Philippe Deléham, Jun 10 2004
Recurrence: a(n) = -(-1)^n*Sum_{i=0..n-1} (-1)^i*a(i)*binomial(2*n, 2*i). - Ralf Stephan, Feb 24 2005
O.g.f.: 1/(1-x/(1-4*x/(1-9*x/(1-16*x/(...-n^2*x/(1-...)))))) (continued fraction due to T. J. Stieltjes). - Paul D. Hanna, Oct 07 2005
a(n) = (Integral_{t=0..Pi} log(tan(t/2)^2)^(2n)dt)/Pi^(2n+1). - Logan Kleinwaks (kleinwaks(AT)alumni.princeton.edu), Mar 15 2007
From Peter Bala, Mar 24 2009: (Start)
Basic hypergeometric generating function: 2*exp(-t)*Sum {n >= 0} Product_{k = 1..n} (1-exp(-(4*k-2)*t))*exp(-2*n*t)/Product_{k = 1..n+1} (1+exp(-(4*k-2)*t)) = 1 + t + 5*t^2/2! + 61*t^3/3! + .... For other sequences with generating functions of a similar type see A000464, A002105, A002439, A079144 and A158690.
a(n) = 2*(-1)^n*L(-2*n), where L(s) is the Dirichlet L-function L(s) = 1 - 1/3^s + 1/5^s - + .... (End)
Sum_{n>=0} a(n)*z^(2*n)/(4*n)!! = Beta(1/2-z/(2*Pi),1/2+z/(2*Pi))/Beta(1/2,1/2) with Beta(z,w) the Beta function. - Johannes W. Meijer, Jul 06 2009
a(n) = Sum_(Sum_(binomial(k,m)*(-1)^(n+k)/(2^(m-1))*Sum_(binomial(m,j)*(2*j-m)^(2*n),j,0,m/2)*(-1)^(k-m),m,0,k),k,1,2*n), n>0. - Vladimir Kruchinin, Aug 05 2010
If n is prime, then a(n)==1 (mod 2*n). - Vladimir Shevelev, Sep 04 2010
From Peter Bala, Jan 21 2011: (Start)
(1)... a(n) = (-1/4)^n*B(2*n,-1),
where {B(n,x)}n>=1 = [1, 1+x, 1+6*x+x^2, 1+23*x+23*x^2+x^3, ...] is the sequence of Eulerian polynomials of type B - see A060187. Equivalently,
(2)... a(n) = Sum_{k = 0..2*n} Sum_{j = 0..k} (-1)^(n-j) *binomial(2*n+1,k-j)*(j+1/2)^(2*n).
We also have
(3)... a(n) = 2*A(2*n,i)/(1+i)^(2*n+1),
where i = sqrt(-1) and where {A(n,x)}n>=1 = [x, x + x^2, x + 4*x^2 + x^3, ...] denotes the sequence of Eulerian polynomials - see A008292. Equivalently,
(4)... a(n) = i*Sum_{k = 1..2*n} (-1)^(n+k)*k!*Stirling2(2*n,k) *((1+i)/2)^(k-1)
= i*Sum_{k = 1..2*n} (-1)^(n+k)*((1+i)/2)^(k-1) Sum_{j = 0..k} (-1)^(k-j)*binomial(k,j)*j^(2*n).
Either this explicit formula for a(n) or (2) above may be used to obtain congruence results for a(n). For example, for prime p
(5a)... a(p) = 1 (mod p)
(5b)... a(2*p) = 5 (mod p)
and for odd prime p
(6a)... a((p+1)/2) = (-1)^((p-1)/2) (mod p)
(6b)... a((p-1)/2) = -1 + (-1)^((p-1)/2) (mod p).
(End)
a(n) = (-1)^n*2^(4*n+1)*(zeta(-2*n,1/4) - zeta(-2*n,3/4)). - Gerry Martens, May 27 2011
a(n) may be expressed as a sum of multinomials taken over all compositions of 2*n into even parts (Vella 2008): a(n) = Sum_{compositions 2*i_1 + ... + 2*i_k = 2*n} (-1)^(n+k)* multinomial(2*n, 2*i_1, ..., 2*i_k). For example, there are 4 compositions of the number 6 into even parts, namely 6, 4+2, 2+4 and 2+2+2, and hence a(3) = 6!/6! - 6!/(4!*2!) - 6!/(2!*4!) + 6!/(2!*2!*2!) = 61. A companion formula expressing a(n) as a sum of multinomials taken over the compositions of 2*n-1 into odd parts has been given by Malenfant 2011. - Peter Bala, Jul 07 2011
a(n) = the upper left term in M^n, where M is an infinite square production matrix; M[i,j] = A000290(i) = i^2, i >= 1 and 1 <= j <= i+1, and M[i,j] = 0, i >= 1 and j >= i+2 (see examples). - Gary W. Adamson, Jul 18 2011
E.g.f. A'(x) satisfies the differential equation A'(x)=cos(A(x)). - Vladimir Kruchinin, Nov 03 2011
From Peter Bala, Nov 28 2011: (Start)
a(n) = D^(2*n)(cosh(x)) evaluated at x = 0, where D is the operator cosh(x)*d/dx. a(n) = D^(2*n-1)(f(x)) evaluated at x = 0, where f(x) = 1+x+x^2/2! and D is the operator f(x)*d/dx.
Other generating functions: cosh(Integral_{t = 0..x} 1/cos(t)) dt = 1 + x^2/2! + 5*x^4/4! + 61*x^6/6! + 1385*x^8/8! + .... Cf. A012131.
A(x) := arcsinh(tan(x)) = log( sec(x) + tan(x) ) = x + x^3/3! + 5*x^5/5! + 61*x^7/7! + 1385*x^9/9! + .... A(x) satisfies A'(x) = cosh(A(x)).
B(x) := Series reversion( log(sec(x) + tan(x)) ) = x - x^3/3! + 5*x^5/5! - 61*x^7/7! + 1385*x^9/9! - ... = arctan(sinh(x)). B(x) satisfies B'(x) = cos(B(x)). (End)
HANKEL transform is A097476. PSUM transform is A173226. - Michael Somos, May 12 2012
a(n+1) - a(n) = A006212(2*n). - Michael Somos, May 12 2012
a(0) = 1 and, for n > 0, a(n) = (-1)^n*((4*n+1)/(2*n+1) - Sum_{k = 1..n} (4^(2*k)/2*k)*binomial(2*n,2*k-1)*A000367(k)/A002445(k)); see the Bucur et al. link. - L. Edson Jeffery, Sep 17 2012
O.g.f.: Sum_{n>=0} (2*n)!/2^n * x^n / Product_{k=1..n} (1 + k^2*x). - Paul D. Hanna, Sep 20 2012
From Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Oct 31 2011 to Oct 11 2013: (Start)
Continued fractions:
E.g.f.: (sec(x)) = 1+x^2/T(0), T(k) = 2(k+1)(2k+1) - x^2 + x^2*(2k+1)(2k+2)/T(k+1).
E.g.f.: 2/Q(0) where Q(k) = 1 + 1/(1 - x^2/(x^2 - 2*(k+1)*(2*k+1)/Q(k+1))).
G.f.: 1/Q(0) where Q(k) = 1 + x*k*(3*k-1) - x*(k+1)*(2*k+1)*(x*k^2+1)/Q(k+1).
E.g.f.: (2 + x^2 + 2*U(0))/(2 + (2 - x^2)*U(0)) where U(k)=  4*k + 4 + 1/( 1 + x^2/(2 - x^2 + (2*k+3)*(2*k+4)/U(k+1))).
E.g.f.: 1/cos(x) = 8*(x^2+1)/(4*x^2 + 8 - x^4*U(0)) where U(k) = 1 + 4*(k+1)*(k+2)/(2*k+3 - x^2*(2*k+3)/(x^2 - 8*(k+1)*(k+2)*(k+3)/U(k+1))).
G.f.: 1/U(0) where U(k) = 1 + x - x*(2*k+1)*(2*k+2)/(1 - x*(2*k+1)*(2*k+2)/U(k+1)).
G.f.: 1 + x/G(0) where G(k) = 1 + x - x*(2*k+2)*(2*k+3)/(1 - x*(2*k+2)*(2*k+3)/G(k+1)).
Let F(x) = sec(x^(1/2)) = Sum_{n>=0} a(n)*x^n/(2*n)!, then F(x)=2/(Q(0) + 1) where Q(k)= 1 - x/(2*k+1)/(2*k+2)/(1 - 1/(1 + 1/Q(k+1))).
G.f.: Q(0), where Q(k) = 1 - x*(k+1)^2/( x*(k+1)^2 - 1/Q(k+1)).
E.g.f.: 1/cos(x) = 1 + x^2/(2-x^2)*Q(0), where Q(k) = 1 - 2*x^2*(k+1)*(2*k+1)/( 2*x^2*(k+1)*(2*k+1)+ (12-x^2 + 14*k + 4*k^2)*(2-x^2 + 6*k + 4*k^2)/Q(k+1)). (End)
a(n) = Sum_{k=1..2*n} (Sum_{i=0..k-1} (i-k)^(2*n)*binomial(2*k,i)*(-1)^(i+k+n)) / 2^(k-1) for n>0, a(0)=1. - Vladimir Kruchinin, Oct 05 2012
It appears that a(n) = 3*A076552(n -1) + 2*(-1)^n for n >= 1. Conjectural congruences: a(2*n) == 5 (mod 60) for n >= 1 and a(2*n+1) == 1 (mod 60) for n >= 0. - Peter Bala, Jul 26 2013
From Peter Bala, Mar 09 2015: (Start)
O.g.f.: Sum_{n >= 0} 1/2^n * Sum_{k = 0..n} (-1)^k*binomial(n,k)/(1 - sqrt(-x)*(2*k + 1)) = Sum_{n >= 0} 1/2^n * Sum_{k = 0..n} (-1)^k*binomial(n,k)/(1 + x*(2*k + 1)^2).
O.g.f. is 1 + x*d/dx(log(F(x))), where F(x) = 1 + x + 3*x^2 + 23*x^3 + 371*x^4 + ... is the o.g.f. for A255881. (End)
Sum_(n >= 1, A034947(n)/n^(2d+1)) = a(d)*Pi^(2d+1)/(2^(2d+2)-2)(2d)! for d >= 0; see Allouche and Sondow, 2015. - Jonathan Sondow, Mar 21 2015
Asymptotic expansion: 4*(4*n/(Pi*e))^(2*n+1/2)*exp(1/2+1/(24*n)-1/(2880*n^3) +1/(40320*n^5)-...). (See the Luschny link.) - Peter Luschny, Jul 14 2015
a(n) = 2*(-1)^n*Im(Li_{-2n}(i)), where Li_n(x) is polylogarithm, i=sqrt(-1). - Vladimir Reshetnikov, Oct 22 2015
Limit_{n->infinity} ((2*n)!/a(n))^(1/(2*n)) = Pi/2. - Stanislav Sykora, Oct 07 2016
O.g.f.: 1/(1 + x - 2*x/(1 - 2*x/(1 + x - 12*x/(1 - 12*x/(1 + x - 30*x/(1 - 30*x/(1 + x - ... - (2*n - 1)*(2*n)*x/(1 - (2*n - 1)*(2*n)*x/(1 + x - ... ))))))))). - Peter Bala, Nov 09 2017
For n>0, a(n) = (-PolyGamma(2*n, 1/4) / 2^(2*n - 1) - (2^(2*n + 2) - 2) * Gamma(2*n + 1) * zeta(2*n + 1)) / Pi^(2*n + 1). - Vaclav Kotesovec, May 04 2020
a(n) ~ 2^(4*n + 3) * n^(2*n + 1/2) / (Pi^(2*n + 1/2) * exp(2*n)) * exp(Sum_{k>=1} bernoulli(k+1) / (k*(k+1)*2^k*n^k)). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Mar 05 2021
Peter Bala's conjectured congruences, a(2n) == 5 (mod 60) for n >= 1 and a(2n + 1) == 1 (mod 60), hold due to the results of Stern (mod 4) and Knuth & Buckholtz (mod 3 and 5). - Charles R Greathouse IV, Mar 23 2022

Typo in name corrected by Anders Claesson, Dec 01 2015

A028296 Expansion of e.g.f. Gudermannian(x) = 2*arctan(exp(x)) - Pi/2.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, -1, 5, -61, 1385, -50521, 2702765, -199360981, 19391512145, -2404879675441, 370371188237525, -69348874393137901, 15514534163557086905, -4087072509293123892361, 1252259641403629865468285, -441543893249023104553682821, 177519391579539289436664789665

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane

The Euler numbers A000364 with alternating signs.
The first column of the inverse to the matrix with entries C(2*i,2*j), i,j >=0. The full matrix is lower triangular with the i-th subdiagonal having entries a(i)*C(2*j,2*i) j>=i. - Nolan Wallach (nwallach(AT)ucsd.edu), Dec 26 2005
This sequence is also EulerE(2*n). - Paul Abbott (paul(AT)physics.uwa.edu.au), Apr 14 2006
Consider the sequence defined by a(0)=1; thereafter a(n) = c*Sum_{k=1..n} binomial(2n,2k)*a(n-k). For c = -3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4 this is A210676, A210657, A028296, A094088, A210672, A210674, A249939.
To avoid possible confusion: these are the odd e.g.f. coefficients of Gudermannian(x) with the offset shifted by -1 (even coefficients are zero). They are identical to the even e.g.f. coefficients for 1/cosh(x) = -Gudermannian'(x) (see the Example). Since the complex root of cosh(z) with the smallest absolute value is z0 = i*Pi/2, the radius of convergence for the Taylor series of all these functions is Pi/2 = A019669. - Stanislav Sykora, Oct 07 2016

			Gudermannian(x) = x - (1/6)*x^3 + (1/24)*x^5 - (61/5040)*x^7 + (277/72576)*x^9 + ....
Gudermannian'(x) = 1/cosh(x) = (1/1!)*x^0 - (1/2!)*x^2 + (5/4!)*x^4 - (61/6!)*x^6 + (1385/8!)*x^8 + .... - _Stanislav Sykora_, Oct 07 2016

Gradshteyn and Ryzhik, Tables, 5th ed., Section 1.490, pp. 51-52.
R. K. Guy, Unsolved Problems in Number Theory, Springer, 1st edition, 1981. See section B45.

T. D. Noe, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..100
Beáta Bényi and Toshiki Matsusaka, Extensions of the combinatorics of poly-Bernoulli numbers, arXiv:2106.05585 [math.CO], 2021.
Filippo Callegaro and Giovanni Gaiffi, On models of the braid arrangement and their hidden symmetries, arXiv preprint arXiv:1406.1304 [math.AT], 2014.
Karl Dilcher and Christophe Vignat, Euler and the Strong Law of Small Numbers, Amer. Math. Mnthly, 123 (May 2016), 486-490.
Allan L. Edmonds and Steven Klee, The combinatorics of hyperbolized manifolds, arXiv preprint arXiv:1210.7396 [math.CO], 2012. - From _N. J. A. Sloane_, Jan 02 2013
Guodong Liu, On congruences of Euler numbers modulo powers of two, Journal of Number Theory, Volume 128, Issue 12, December 2008, Pages 3063-3071.
Emanuele Munarini, Two-Parameter Identities for q-Appell Polynomials, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 26 (2023), Article 23.3.1.
Niels Erik Nørlund, Vorlesungen über Differenzenrechnung, Springer 1924, p. 25.
Joe Santmyer, Derivative Polynomials for Trigonometric and Hyperbolic Functions, Arhimede Math. J. (2023) Vol. 10, No. 2, 152-158.
Jan W. H. Swanepoel, A Short Simple Probabilistic Proof of a Well Known Identity and the Derivation of Related New Identities Involving the Bernoulli Numbers and the Euler Numbers, Integers (2025) Vol. 25, Art. No. A50. See p. 4.
Zhi-Hong Sun, On the further properties of {U_n}, arXiv:1203.5977v1 [math.NT], Mar 27 2012.

Absolute values are the Euler numbers A000364.

Cf. A019669.

A028296 := proc(n) a :=0 ; for k from 1 to 2*n+1 by 2 do a := a+(-1)^((k-1)/2)/2^k/k *add( (-1)^i *(k-2*i)^(2*n+1) *binomial(k,i), i=0..k) ; end do: a ; end proc:
seq(A028296(n),n=0..10) ; # R. J. Mathar, Apr 20 2011

Table[EulerE[2*n], {n, 0, 30}] (* Paul Abbott, Apr 14 2006 *)
Table[(CoefficientList[Series[1/Cosh[x],{x,0,40}],x]*Range[0,40]!)[[2*n+1]],{n,0,20}] (* Vaclav Kotesovec, Aug 04 2014*)
With[{nn=40},Take[CoefficientList[Series[Gudermannian[x],{x,0,nn}],x] Range[ 0,nn-1]!,{2,-1,2}]] (* Harvey P. Dale, Feb 24 2018 *)
{1, Table[2*(-I)*PolyLog[-2*n, I], {n, 1, 12}]} // Flatten (* Peter Luschny, Aug 12 2021 *)
a[0] := 1; a[n_] := a[n] = -Sum[Binomial[2 n, 2 k] a[k], {k, 0, n - 1}]; Map[a, Range[0, 16]] (* Oliver Seipel, May 19 2024 *)

a(n):=sum((-1+(-1)^(k))*(-1)^((k+1)/2)/(2^(k+1)*k)*sum((-1)^i*(k-2*i)^n*binomial(k,i),i,0,k),k,1,n); /* with interpolated zeros, Vladimir Kruchinin, Apr 20 2011 */

a(n) = 2*imag(polylog(-2*n, I)); \\ Michel Marcus, May 30 2018

a(n)=eulerfrac(2*n) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Mar 23 2022

from sympy import euler
def A028296(n): return euler(n<<1) # Chai Wah Wu, Apr 16 2023

def A028296_list(len):
    f = lambda k: x*(k+1)^2
    g = 1
    for k in range(len-2,-1,-1):
        g = (1-f(k)/(f(k)+1/g)).simplify_rational()
    return taylor(g, x, 0, len-1).list()
print(A028296_list(17))

def A028296(n):
    shapes = ([x*2 for x in p] for p in Partitions(n))
    return sum((-1)^len(s)*factorial(len(s))*SetPartitions(sum(s), s).cardinality() for s in shapes)
print([A028296(n) for n in (0..16)]) # Peter Luschny, Aug 10 2015

E.g.f.: sech(x) = 1/cosh(x) (even terms), or Gudermannian(x) (odd terms).
Recurrence: a(n) = -Sum_{i=0..n-1} a(i)*binomial(2*n, 2*i). - Ralf Stephan, Feb 24 2005
a(n) = Sum_{k=1,3,5,..,2n+1} ((-1)^((k-1)/2) /(2^k*k)) * Sum_{i=0..k} (-1)^i*(k-2*i)^(2n+1) * binomial(k,i). - Vladimir Kruchinin, Apr 20 2011
a(n) = 2^(4*n+1)*(zeta(-2*n,1/4) - zeta(-2*n,3/4)). - Gerry Martens, May 27 2011
From Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Dec 15 2011 - Oct 09 2013: (Start)
Continued fractions:
G.f.: A(x) = 1 - x/(S(0)+x), S(k) = euler(2*k) + x*euler(2*k+2) - x*euler(2*k)* euler(2*k+4)/S(k+1).
E.g.f.: E(x) = 1 - x/(S(0)+x); S(k) = (k+1)*euler(2*k) + x*euler(2*k+2) - x*(k+1)* euler(2*k)*euler(2*k+4)/S(k+1).
2*arctan(exp(z)) - Pi/2 = z*(1 - z^2/(G(0) + z^2)), G(k) = 2*(k+1)*(2*k+3)*euler(2*k) + z^2*euler(2*k+2) - 2*z^2*(k+1)*(2*k+3)*euler(2*k)*euler(2*k+4)/G(k+1).
G.f.: A(x) = 1/S(0) where S(k) = 1 + x*(k+1)^2/S(k+1).
G.f.: 1/Q(0) where Q(k) = 1 - x*k*(3*k-1) - x*(k+1)*(2*k+1)*(x*k^2-1)/Q(k+1).
E.g.f.:(2 - x^4/( (x^2+2)*Q(0) + 2))/(2+x^2) where Q(k) = 4*k + 4 + 1/( 1 - x^2/( 2 + x^2 + (2*k+3)*(2*k+4)/Q(k+1))).
E.g.f.: 1/cosh(x) = 8*(1-x^2)/(8 - 4*x^2 - x^4*U(0)) where U(k) = 1 + 4*(k+1)*(k+2)/(2*k+3 - x^2*(2*k+3)/(x^2 + 8*(k+1)*(k+2)*(k+3)/U(k+1)));
G.f.: 1/U(0) where U(k) = 1 - x + x*(2*k+1)*(2*k+2)/(1 + x*(2*k+1)*(2*k+2)/U(k+1));
G.f.: 1 - x/G(0) where G(k) = 1 - x + x*(2*k+2)*(2*k+3)/(1 + x*(2*k+2)*(2*k+3)/G(k+1));
G.f.: 1/Q(0), where Q(k) = 1 - sqrt(x) + sqrt(x)*(k+1)/(1-sqrt(x)*(k+1)/Q(k+1));
G.f.: (1/Q(0) + 1)/(1-sqrt(x)), where Q(k) = 1 - 1/sqrt(x) + (k+1)*(k+2)/Q(k+1);
G.f.: Q(0), where Q(k) = 1 - x*(k+1)^2/( x*(k+1)^2 + 1/Q(k+1)). (End)
a(n) ~ (-1)^n * (2*n)! * 2^(2*n+2) / Pi^(2*n+1). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Aug 04 2014
a(n) = 2*Im(Li_{-2n}(i)), where Li_n(x) is polylogarithm, i=sqrt(-1). - Vladimir Reshetnikov, Oct 22 2015

A094088 E.g.f. 1/(2-cosh(x)) (even coefficients).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 7, 121, 3907, 202741, 15430207, 1619195761, 224061282907, 39531606447181, 8661323866026007, 2307185279184885001, 734307168916191403507, 275199311597682485597221, 119956934012963778952439407

Offset: 0

Ralf Stephan, Apr 30 2004

With alternating signs, e.g.f.: 1/(2-cos(x)).
7 divides a(3n+2). Ira Gessel remarks: For any odd prime p, the coefficients of 1/(2-cosh(x)) as e.g.f. are periodic with period dividing p-1.
Consider the sequence defined by a(0) = 1; thereafter a(n) = c*Sum_{k = 1..n} binomial(2n,2k)*a(n-k). For c = -3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4 this is A210676, A210657, A028296, A094088, A210672, A210674, A249939.
a(n) is the number of ordered set partitions of {1,2,...,2n} into even size blocks. - Geoffrey Critzer, Dec 03 2012
Except for a(0), row sums of A241171. - Peter Bala, Aug 20 2014
Exp( Sum_{n >= 1} a(n)*x^n/n) is the o.g.f. for A255928. - Peter Bala, Mar 13 2015
Also the 2-packed words of degree n; cf. A011782, A000670, A094088, A243664, A243665, A243666 for k-packed words for 0<=k<=5. - Peter Luschny, Jul 06 2015

Seiichi Manyama, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..235 (terms 0..40 from Peter Luschny)
J.-C. Novelli and J.-Y. Thibon, Hopf Algebras of m-permutations,(m+1)-ary trees, and m-parking functions, arXiv preprint arXiv:1403.5962 [math.CO], 2014-2020.

Cf. A241171, A210676, A210657, A028296, A210672, A210674, A255928.

f:=proc(n,k) option remember;  local i;
if n=0 then 1
else k*add(binomial(2*n,2*i)*f(n-i,k),i=1..floor(n)); fi; end;
g:=k->[seq(f(n,k),n=0..40)];g(1); # N. J. A. Sloane, Mar 28 2012

nn=30;Select[Range[0,nn]!CoefficientList[Series[1/(2-Cosh[x]),{x,0,nn}],x],#>0&]  (* Geoffrey Critzer, Dec 03 2012 *)
a[0]=1; a[n_] := Sum[1/2*(1+(-1)^(2*n))*Sum[((-1)^(k-j)*Binomial[k, j]*Sum[(j-2*i )^(2*n)*Binomial[j, i], {i, 0, j}])/2^j, {j, 1, k}], {k, 1, n}]; Table[a[n], {n, 0, 14}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Apr 03 2015, after Vladimir Kruchinin *)

a(n):=b(2*n+2);
b(n):=sum(((sum(((sum((j-2*i)^n*binomial(j,i),i,0,j))*(-1)^(k-j)*binomial(k,j))/2^(j),j,1,k))*((-1)^n+1))/2,k,1,n/2); /* Vladimir Kruchinin, Apr 23 2011 */

a(n):=sum(sum((i-k)^(2*n)*binomial(2*k,i)*(-1)^(i),i,0,k-1)/(2^(k-1)),k,1,2*n); /* Vladimir Kruchinin, Oct 05 2012 */

a(n) = if (n == 0, 1, sum(k=1, n, binomial(2*n, 2*n-2*k)*a(n-k)));

def A094088(n) :
    @CachedFunction
    def intern(n) :
        if n == 0 : return 1
        if n % 2 != 0 : return 0
        return add(intern(k)*binomial(n,k) for k in range(n)[::2])
    return intern(2*n)
[A094088(n) for n in (0..14)]  # Peter Luschny, Jul 14 2012

1/(2-cosh(x)) = Sum_{n>=0} a(n)x^(2n)/(2n)! = 1 + x^2/2 + 7x^4/24 + 121x^6/720 + ...
Recurrence: a(0)=1, a(n) = Sum_{k=1..n} C(2n, 2n-2k)*a(n-k).
a(0)=1 and, for n>=1, a(n)=b(2*n) where b(n) = sum(k=1..n/2,((sum(j=1..k, ((sum(i=0..j,(j-2*i)^n*binomial(j,i)))*(-1)^(k-j)*binomial(k,j))/2^(j)))*((-1)^n+1))/2). - Vladimir Kruchinin, Apr 23 2011
E.g.f.: 1/(2-cosh(x))=8*(1-x^2)/(8 - 12*x^2 + x^4*U(0))  where U(k)= 1 + 4*(k+1)*(k+2)/(2*k+3 - x^2*(2*k+3)/(x^2 + 8*(k+1)*(k+2)*(k+3)/U(k+1))) ; (continued fraction, 3rd kind, 3-step). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Sep 30 2012
a(n) = Sum_{k=1..2*n} ( Sum_{i=0..k-1} (i-k)^(2*n) * binomial(2*k,i) * (-1)^i )/2^(k-1), n>0, a(0)=1. - Vladimir Kruchinin, Oct 05 2012
a(n) ~ 2*(2*n)! /(sqrt(3) * (log(2+sqrt(3)))^(2*n+1)). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Oct 19 2013

Corrected definition, Joerg Arndt, Apr 26 2011

A000436 Generalized Euler numbers c(3,n).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 8, 352, 38528, 7869952, 2583554048, 1243925143552, 825787662368768, 722906928498737152, 806875574817679474688, 1118389087843083461066752, 1884680130335630169428983808, 3794717805092151129643367268352

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane

nonn

			G.f. = 1 + 8*x + 352*x^2 + 38528*x^3 + 7869952*x^4 + 2583554048*x^5 + ...

N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

T. D. Noe, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..100
Michael E. Hoffman, Derivative polynomials, Euler Polynomials, and associated integer sequences, El. J. Combinat. 6 (see Th. 3.3).
D. Shanks, Generalized Euler and class numbers. Math. Comp. 21 (1967) 689-694.
D. Shanks, Corrigenda to: "Generalized Euler and class numbers", Math. Comp. 22 (1968), 699.
D. Shanks, Generalized Euler and class numbers, Math. Comp. 21 (1967), 689-694; 22 (1968), 699. [Annotated scanned copy]

Row 3 of A235605.
Bisections: A156177 and A156178.
Cf. A000191, A007289, overview in A349264.
Cf. A210657, A255882.

A000436 := proc(nmax) local a,n,an; a := [1] : n := 1 : while nops(a)< nmax do an := 1-sum(binomial(2*n,2*i)*3^(2*n-2*i)*(-1)^i*op(i+1,a),i=0..n-1) : a := [op(a),an*(-1)^n] ; n := n+1 ; od ; RETURN(a) ; end:
A000436(10) ; # R. J. Mathar, Nov 19 2006
a := n -> 2*(-144)^n*(Zeta(0,-2*n,1/6)-Zeta(0,-2*n,2/3)):
seq(a(n), n=0..12); # Peter Luschny, Mar 11 2015

a[0] = 1; a[n_] := a[n] = (-1)^n*(1 - Sum[(-1)^i*Binomial[2n, 2i]*3^(2n - 2i)*a[i], {i, 0, n-1}]); Table[a[n], {n, 0, 12}] (* Jean-François Alcover, Jan 31 2012, after R. J. Mathar *)
With[{nn=30},Take[CoefficientList[Series[Cos[x]/Cos[3x],{x,0,nn}], x] Range[ 0,nn]!,{1,-1,2}]] (* Harvey P. Dale, May 22 2012 *)

x='x+O('x^66); v=Vec(serlaplace( cos(x) / cos(3*x) ) ); vector(#v\2,n,v[2*n-1]) \\ Joerg Arndt, Apr 27 2013

from mpmath import mp, lerchphi
mp.dps = 32; mp.pretty = True
def A000436(n): return abs(3^(2*n)*2^(2*n+1)*lerchphi(-1,-2*n,1/3))
[A000436(n) for n in (0..12)]  # Peter Luschny, Apr 27 2013

E.g.f.: cos(x) / cos(3*x) (even powers only).
For n>0, a(n) = A002114(n)*2^(2n+1) = (1/3)*A002112(n)*2^(2n+1). - Philippe Deléham, Jan 17 2004
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} (-1)^k*9^(n-k)*A086646(n,k). - Philippe Deléham, Oct 27 2006
(-1)^n a(n) = 1 - Sum_{i=0..n-1} (-1)^i*binomial(2n,2i)*3^(2n-2i)*a(i). - R. J. Mathar, Nov 19 2006
a(n) = P_{2n}(sqrt(3))/sqrt(3) (where the polynomials P_n() are defined in A155100). - N. J. A. Sloane, Nov 05 2009
E.g.f.: E(x) = cos(x)/cos(3*x) = 1 + 4*x^2/(G(0)-2*x^2); G(k) = (2*k+1)*(k+1) - 2*x^2 + 2*x^2*(2*k+1)*(k+1)/G(k+1); (continued fraction, Euler's kind, 1-step). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Jan 02 2012
G.f.: 1 / (1 - 2*4*x / (1 - 6*6*x / (1 - 8*10*x / (1 - 12*12*x / (1 - 14*16*x / (1 - 18*18*x / ...)))))). - Michael Somos, May 12 2012
a(n) = | 3^(2*n)*2^(2*n+1)*lerchphi(-1,-2*n,1/3) |. - Peter Luschny, Apr 27 2013
a(n) = (-1)^n*6^(2*n)*E(2*n,1/3), where E(n,x) denotes the n-th Euler polynomial. Calculation suggests that the expansion exp( Sum_{n >= 1} a(n)*x^n/n ) = exp( 8*x + 352*x^2/2 + 38528*x^3/3 + ... ) = 1 + 8*x + 208*x^2 + 14336*x^3 + ... has integer coefficients. Cf. A255882. - Peter Bala, Mar 10 2015
a(n) = 2*(-144)^n*(zeta(-2*n,1/6)-zeta(-2*n,2/3)), where zeta(a,z) is the generalized Riemann zeta function. - Peter Luschny, Mar 11 2015
From Vaclav Kotesovec, May 05 2020: (Start)
For n>0, a(n) = (2*n)! * (zeta(2*n+1, 1/6) - zeta(2*n+1, 5/6)) / (sqrt(3)*Pi^(2*n+1)).
For n>0, a(n) = (-1)^(n+1) * 2^(2*n-1) * Bernoulli(2*n) * (zeta(2*n+1, 1/6) - zeta(2*n+1, 5/6)) / (Pi*sqrt(3)*zeta(2*n)). (End)
Conjecture: for each positive integer k, the sequence defined by a(n) (mod k) is eventually periodic with period dividing phi(k). For example, modulo 13 the sequence becomes [1, 8, 1, 9, 12, 10, 0, 8, 1, 9, 12, 10, 0, ...]; after the initial term 1 this appears to be a periodic sequence of period 6, a divisor of phi(13) = 12. - Peter Bala, Dec 11 2021

A249939 E.g.f.: 1/(5 - 4*cosh(x)).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 4, 100, 6244, 727780, 136330084, 37455423460, 14188457293924, 7087539575975140, 4514046217675793764, 3570250394992512270820, 3433125893070920512725604, 3944372161432193963534198500, 5336301013125557989981503385444, 8396749419933421378024498580446180

Offset: 0

Paul D. Hanna, Nov 19 2014

nonn

a(n) = 4*A242858(2*n) for n>0.
a(n) = A249940(n)/3.
a(n) == 4 (mod 96) for n>0.

			E.g.f.: E(x) = 1 + 4*x^2/2! + 100*x^4/4! + 6244*x^6/6! + 727780*x^8/8! +...
where E(x) = 1/(5 - 4*cosh(x)) = -exp(x) / (2 - 5*exp(x) + 2*exp(2*x)).
ALTERNATE GENERATING FUNCTION.
E.g.f.: A(x) = 1 + 4*x + 100*x^2/2! + 6244*x^3/3! + 727780*x^4/4! +...
where 3*A(x) = 1 + 2*exp(x)/2 + 2*exp(4*x)/2^2 + 2*exp(9*x)/2^3 + 2*exp(16*x)/2^4 + 2*exp(25*x)/2^5 + 2*exp(36*x)/2^6 + 2*exp(49*x)/2^7 +...

Seiichi Manyama, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..200

Cf. A249938, A249940, A247082, A250914, A250915, A242858.

Cf. A210676, A210657, A028296, A094088, A210672, A210674.

/* E.g.f.: 1/(5 - 4*cosh(x)) */
{a(n) = local(X=x+O(x^(2*n+1))); (2*n)!*polcoeff( 1/(5 - 4*cosh(X)), 2*n)}
for(n=0, 20, print1(a(n), ", "))

/* Formula for a(n): */
{Stirling2(n, k)=n!*polcoeff(((exp(x+x*O(x^n))-1)^k)/k!, n)}
{a(n) = if(n==0, 1, sum(k=1, (2*n+1)\3, 2*(3*k-1)! * Stirling2(2*n+1, 3*k)))}
for(n=0, 20, print1(a(n), ", "))

/* Formula for a(n): */
{Stirling2(n, k)=n!*polcoeff(((exp(x+x*O(x^n))-1)^k)/k!, n)}
{a(n) = if(n==0, 1, (4/3)*sum(k=0, 2*n, k! * Stirling2(2*n, k) ))}
for(n=0, 20, print1(a(n), ", "))

E.g.f.: 1/3 + (2/3)*Sum_{n>=1} exp(n^2*x) / 2^n  =  Sum_{n>=0} a(n)*x^n/n!.
a(n) = (4/3) * Sum_{k=0..2*n} k! * Stirling2(2*n, k) for n>0 with a(0)=1.
a(n) = Sum_{k=1..[(2*n+1)/3]} 2 * (3*k-1)! * Stirling2(2*n+1, 3*k) for n>0 with a(0)=3, after Vladimir Kruchinin in A242858.

A210672 a(0)=1; thereafter a(n) = 2Sum_{k=1..n} binomial(2n,2k)a(n-k).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 26, 842, 50906, 4946282, 704888186, 138502957322, 35887046307866, 11855682722913962, 4863821092813045946, 2425978759725443056202, 1445750991051368583278426, 1014551931766896667943384042, 828063237870027116855857421306, 777768202388460616924079724057482

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane, Mar 28 2012

Consider the sequence defined by a(0) = 1; thereafter a(n) = c*Sum_{k = 1..n} binomial(2n,2k)*a(n-k). For c = -3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4 this is A210676, A210657, A028296, A094088, A210672, A210674, A249939.
Exp( Sum_{n >= 1} a(n)*x^n/n) is the o.g.f. for A255929. - Peter Bala, Mar 13 2015
The Stirling-Bernoulli transform of Fibonacci(n+1) = 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, ... is 1, 0, 2, 0, 26, 0, 842, 0, 50906, 0, ... - Philippe Deléham, May 25 2015

G. C. Greubel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..220
Hacène Belbachir, Yahia Djemmada, On central Fubini-like numbers and polynomials, arXiv:1811.06734 [math.CO], 2018. See p. 4.

Cf. A028296, A094088, A210657, A210674, A210676, A255929, A241171.

f:=proc(n,k) option remember;  local i;
if n=0 then 1
else k*add(binomial(2*n,2*i)*f(n-i,k),i=1..floor(n)); fi; end;
g:=k->[seq(f(n,k),n=0..40)];
g(2);

nmax=20; Table[(CoefficientList[Series[1/(3-2*Cosh[x]), {x, 0, 2*nmax}], x] * Range[0, 2*nmax]!)[[2*n+1]], {n,0,nmax}] (* Vaclav Kotesovec, Mar 14 2015 *)

a(n) ~ 2*sqrt(Pi/5) * n^(2*n+1/2) / (exp(2*n) * (log((1+sqrt(5))/2))^(2*n+1)). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Mar 13 2015
E.g.f.: 1/(3-2*cosh(x)) (even coefficients). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Mar 14 2015
a(n) = Sum_{k = 0..2*n} A163626(2*n,k)*A000045(n+1). - Philippe Deléham, May 25 2015
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} A241171(n, k)*2^k. - Peter Luschny, Sep 03 2022

A210676 a(0)=1; thereafter a(n) = -3Sum_{k=1..n} binomial(2n,2k)a(n-k).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, -3, 51, -2163, 171231, -21785223, 4065116811, -1045879150683, 354837765112791, -153492920593758543, 82453488412268175171, -53850296379425229208803, 42020794900180632536559951, -38611325264740403135096141463, 41264215393801752999038147563131, -50749285521783354479522581233836523

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane, Mar 28 2012

Consider the sequence defined by a(0) = 1; thereafter a(n) = c*Sum_{k=1..n} binomial(2n,2k)*a(n-k). For c = -3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4 this is A210676, A210657, A028296, A094088, A210672, A210674, A249939.
Exp( Sum_{n >= 1} a(n)*x^n/n) is the o.g.f. for A255926. - Peter Bala, Mar 13 2015
In general, for c<>0 is e.g.f. = 1/(c+1-c*cosh(x)) (even coefficients). For c > 0 is a(n) ~ 2 * (2*n)! / (sqrt(2*c+1) * (arccosh((c+1)/c))^(2*n+1)). For c < 0 is a(n) ~ (-1)^n * (2*n)! / (sqrt(-2*c-1) * 2^(2*n) * arccos(sqrt((2*c + 1) / (2*c)))^(2*n+1)). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Mar 14 2015

Seiichi Manyama, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..200

Cf. A028296, A094088, A210657, A210672, A210674, A249939, A255926.

f:=proc(n,k) option remember;  local i;
if n=0 then 1
else k*add(binomial(2*n,2*i)*f(n-i,k),i=1..floor(n)); fi; end;
g:=k->[seq(f(n,k),n=0..40)];
g(-3);

nmax=20; Table[(CoefficientList[Series[1/(3*Cosh[x]-2), {x, 0, 2*nmax}], x] * Range[0, 2*nmax]!)[[2*n+1]], {n,0,nmax}] (* Vaclav Kotesovec, Mar 14 2015 *)

E.g.f.: 1/(3*cosh(x)-2) (even coefficients). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Mar 14 2015

a(n) ~ (-1)^n * (2*n)! / (sqrt(5) * 2^(2*n) * (arccos(sqrt(5/6)))^(2*n+1)). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Mar 14 2015

A210674 a(0)=1; thereafter a(n) = 3Sum_{k=1..n} binomial(2n,2k)a(n-k).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 3, 57, 2703, 239277, 34041603, 7103141697, 2043564786903, 775293596155317, 375019773885750603, 225270492555606688137, 164517775480287009524703, 143555042043378357951428157, 147502150365016885913874781203, 176273363579960990244526939543377, 242422256082395157286909073370272103

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane, Mar 28 2012

Consider the sequence defined by a(0) = 1; thereafter a(n) = c*Sum_{k = 1..n} binomial(2n,2k)*a(n-k). For c = -3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4 this is A210676, A210657, A028296, A094088, A210672, A210674, A249939.
Exp( Sum_{n >= 1} a(n)*x^n/n) is the o.g.f. for A255930. - Peter Bala, Mar 13 2015
In general, for c > 0 is a(n) ~ sqrt(Pi/(2*c+1)) * 2^(2*n+2) * n^(2*n+1/2) / (exp(2*n) * (log((c + 1 + sqrt(2*c+1)) / c))^(2*n+1)) = 2*(2*n)!/(sqrt(2*c+1)*(arccosh((c+1)/c))^(2*n+1)). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Mar 13 2015
For c < 0 is a(n) ~ (-1)^n * (2*n)! / (sqrt(-2*c-1) * 2^(2*n) * arccos(sqrt((2*c + 1)/(2*c)))^(2*n+1)). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Mar 14 2015

G. C. Greubel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..210

Cf. A210676 (c=-3), A210657 (c=-2), A028296 (c=-1), A094088 (c=1), A210672 (c=2), A249939 (c=4).

Cf. A255930.

f:=proc(n,k) option remember;  local i;
if n=0 then 1
else k*add(binomial(2*n,2*i)*f(n-i,k),i=1..floor(n)); fi; end;
g:=k->[seq(f(n,k),n=0..40)];
g(3);

nmax=20; Table[(CoefficientList[Series[1/(4-3*Cosh[x]), {x, 0, 2*nmax}], x] * Range[0, 2*nmax]!)[[2*n+1]], {n,0,nmax}] (* Vaclav Kotesovec, Mar 14 2015 *)

a(n) ~ sqrt(Pi/7) * 2^(2*n+2) * n^(2*n+1/2) / (exp(2*n) * (log((4 + sqrt(7)) / 3))^(2*n+1)). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Mar 13 2015

E.g.f.: 1/(4-3*cosh(x)) (even coefficients). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Mar 14 2015

A156179 Numerator of Euler(n,1/3).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, -1, -2, 13, 22, -121, -602, 18581, 30742, -305071, -2523002, 61203943, 303692662, -4353296221, -50402079002, 6669149100757, 11030684333782, -206772189255571, -3077986048956602, 128970681211645873, 1066578948824962102, -24697503335329725121, -449342758735568563802

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane, Nov 07 2009

			1, -1/6, -2/9, 13/108, 22/81, -121/486, -602/729, 18581/17496, ...

Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..200
Michael E. Hoffman, Derivative Polynomials, Euler Polynomials, and Associated Integer Sequences, The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics, Volume 6.1 (1999): Research paper R21, 13 p. See Eq. (14).

Cf. A156180 and A079144.

Terms of even indices give A210657.

Maple
```
[seq(euler(n,1/3),n=0..50)];
```

Numerator[EulerE[Range[0,30],1/3]] (* Harvey P. Dale, Apr 29 2012 *)

cp's OEIS Frontend

A255882 Expansion of exp( Sum_{n >= 1} A210657(n)*(-x)^n/n ).

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A000364 Euler (or secant or "Zig") numbers: e.g.f. (even powers only) sec(x) = 1/cos(x).

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A028296 Expansion of e.g.f. Gudermannian(x) = 2*arctan(exp(x)) - Pi/2.

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A094088 E.g.f. 1/(2-cosh(x)) (even coefficients).

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A000436 Generalized Euler numbers c(3,n).

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A210672 a(0)=1; thereafter a(n) = 2Sum_{k=1..n} binomial(2n,2k)a(n-k).

A210676 a(0)=1; thereafter a(n) = -3Sum_{k=1..n} binomial(2n,2k)a(n-k).

A210674 a(0)=1; thereafter a(n) = 3Sum_{k=1..n} binomial(2n,2k)a(n-k).