A016116 -id:A016116 - cp's OEIS frontend

A084221 a(n+2) = 4*a(n), with a(0)=1, a(1)=3.

1, 3, 4, 12, 16, 48, 64, 192, 256, 768, 1024, 3072, 4096, 12288, 16384, 49152, 65536, 196608, 262144, 786432, 1048576, 3145728, 4194304, 12582912, 16777216, 50331648, 67108864, 201326592, 268435456, 805306368, 1073741824, 3221225472, 4294967296, 12884901888

Offset: 0

Paul Barry, May 21 2003

Binomial transform is A060925. Binomial transform of A084222.
Sequences with similar recurrence rules: A016116 (multiplier 2), A038754 (multiplier 3), A133632 (multiplier 5). See A133632 for general formulas. - Hieronymus Fischer, Sep 19 2007
Equals A133080 * A000079. A122756 is a companion sequence. - Gary W. Adamson, Sep 19 2007

			Binary...............Decimal
1..........................1
11.........................3
100........................4
1100......................12
10000.....................16
110000....................48
1000000...................64
11000000.................192
100000000................256
1100000000...............768
10000000000.............1024
110000000000............3072, etc. - _Philippe Deléham_, Mar 21 2014

Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1000
Hester Graves, The Minimal Euclidean Function on the Gaussian Integers, arXiv:1802.08281 [math.NT], 2018. See Definition 2.3 p.3.
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (0,4)

For partial sums see A133628. Partial sums for other multipliers p: A027383(p=2), A087503(p=3), A133629(p=5).
Other related sequences: A132666, A132667, A132668, A132669.
Cf. A000302, A133080, A133087, A164346.

[(5*2^n-(-2)^n)/4: n in [0..40]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Aug 13 2011

CoefficientList[Series[(-3*x - 1)/(4*x^2 - 1), {x, 0, 200}], x] (* Vladimir Joseph Stephan Orlovsky, Jun 10 2011 *)

a(n)=([0,1; 4,0]^n*[1;3])[1,1] \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Oct 03 2016

a(n) = (5*2^n-(-2)^n)/4.
G.f.: (1+3*x)/((1-2*x)(1+2*x)).
E.g.f.: (5*exp(2*x) - exp(-2*x))/4.
a(n) = A133628(n) - A133628(n-1) for n>1. - Hieronymus Fischer, Sep 19 2007
Equals A133080 * [1, 2, 4, 8, ...]. Row sums of triangle A133087. - Gary W. Adamson, Sep 08 2007
a(n+1)-2a(n) = A000079 signed. a(n)+a(n+2)=5*a(n). First differences give A135520. - Paul Curtz, Apr 22 2008
a(n) = A074323(n+1)*A016116(n). - R. J. Mathar, Jul 08 2009
a(n+3) = a(n+2)*a(n+1)/a(n). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Mar 04 2011
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n+1} A181650(n+1,k)*2^k. - Philippe Deléham, Nov 19 2011
a(2*n) = A000302(n); a(2*n+1) = A164346(n). - Philippe Deléham, Mar 21 2014

Edited by N. J. A. Sloane, Dec 14 2007

A006138 a(n) = a(n-1) + 3*a(n-2).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 5, 11, 26, 59, 137, 314, 725, 1667, 3842, 8843, 20369, 46898, 108005, 248699, 572714, 1318811, 3036953, 6993386, 16104245, 37084403, 85397138, 196650347, 452841761, 1042792802, 2401318085, 5529696491, 12733650746, 29322740219, 67523692457, 155491913114

Offset: 0

N. J. A. Sloane

The binomial transform of a(n) is b(n) = A006190(n+1), which satisfies b(n) = 3*b(n-1) + b(n-2). - Paul Barry, May 21 2006
Partial sums of A105476. - Paul Barry, Feb 02 2007
An elephant sequence, see A175654. For the corner squares four A[5] vectors, with decimal values 69, 261, 321 and 324, lead to this sequence. For the central square these vectors lead to the companion sequence A105476 (without the first leading 1). - Johannes W. Meijer, Aug 15 2010
Equals the INVERTi transform of A063782: (1, 3, 10, 32, 104, ...). - Gary W. Adamson, Aug 14 2010
Pisano period lengths: 1, 3, 1, 6, 24, 3, 24, 6, 3, 24, 120, 6, 156, 24, 24, 12, 16, 3, 90, 24, ... - R. J. Mathar, Aug 10 2012
The sequence is the INVERT transform of A016116: (1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 4, 8, 8, ...). - Gary W. Adamson, Jul 17 2015

N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).

Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..200
N. T. Gridgeman, A new look at Fibonacci generalization, Fib,. Quart., 11 (1973), 40-55.
Simon Plouffe, Approximations de séries génératrices et quelques conjectures, Dissertation, Université du Québec à Montréal, 1992; arXiv:0911.4975 [math.NT], 2009.
Simon Plouffe, 1031 Generating Functions, Appendix to Thesis, Montreal, 1992
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (1,3).

Cf. A063782. - Gary W. Adamson, Aug 14 2010

Cf. A006130, A006190, A016116, A105476, A122950, A175654, A274977.

a:=[1,2];; for n in [3..40] do a[n]:=a[n-1]+3*a[n-2]; od; a; # G. C. Greubel, Nov 19 2019

[n le 2 select n else Self(n-1)+3*Self(n-2): n in [1..40]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Sep 15 2016

A006138:=-(1+z)/(-1+z+3*z**2); # Simon Plouffe in his 1992 dissertation

CoefficientList[Series[(1+z)/(1-z-3*z^2), {z,0,40}], z] (* Vladimir Joseph Stephan Orlovsky, Jun 11 2011 *)
Table[(I*Sqrt[3])^(n-1)*(I*Sqrt[3]*ChebyshevU[n, 1/(2*I*Sqrt[3])] + ChebyshevU[n-1, 1/(2*I*Sqrt[3])]), {n, 0, 40}]//Simplify (* G. C. Greubel, Nov 19 2019 *)
LinearRecurrence[{1,3},{1,2},40] (* Harvey P. Dale, May 29 2025 *)

main(size)={my(v=vector(size),i);v[1]=1;v[2]=2;for(i=3,size,v[i]=v[i-1]+3*v[i-2]);return(v);} /* Anders Hellström, Jul 17 2015 */

def A006138_list(prec):
    P. = PowerSeriesRing(ZZ, prec)
    return P((1+x)/(1-x-3*x^2)).list()
A006138_list(40) # G. C. Greubel, Nov 19 2019

a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n+1} A122950(n+1,k)*2^(n+1-k). - Philippe Deléham, Jan 04 2008
G.f.: (1+x)/(1-x-3*x^2). - Paul Barry, May 21 2006
a(n) = Sum_{k=0..n} C(floor((2n-k)/2),n-k)*3^floor(k/2). - Paul Barry, Feb 02 2007
a(n) = A006130(n) + A006130(n-1). - R. J. Mathar, Jun 22 2011
a(n) = (i*sqrt(3))^(n-1)*(i*sqrt(3)*ChebyshevU(n, 1/(2*i*sqrt(3))) + ChebyshevU(n-1, 1/(2*i*sqrt(3)))), where i=sqrt(-1). - G. C. Greubel, Nov 19 2019

Typo in formula corrected by Johannes W. Meijer, Aug 15 2010

A032085 Number of reversible strings with n beads of 2 colors. If more than 1 bead, not palindromic.

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 1, 2, 6, 12, 28, 56, 120, 240, 496, 992, 2016, 4032, 8128, 16256, 32640, 65280, 130816, 261632, 523776, 1047552, 2096128, 4192256, 8386560, 16773120, 33550336, 67100672, 134209536, 268419072, 536854528

Offset: 1

Christian G. Bower

a(n) is also the number of induced subgraphs with odd number of edges in the path graph P(n) if n>0. - Alessandro Cosentino (cosenal(AT)gmail.com), Feb 06 2009
A common recurrence of the bisections A020522 and A006516 means a(n+4) = 6*a(n+2) - 8*a(n), n>1. - Yosu Yurramendi, Aug 07 2008
Also, the decimal representation of the diagonal from the origin to the corner of the n-th stage of growth of the two-dimensional cellular automaton defined by "Rule 566", based on the 5-celled von Neumann neighborhood, initialized with a single black (ON) cell at stage zero. - Robert Price, Jul 05 2017

S. Wolfram, A New Kind of Science, Wolfram Media, 2002; p. 170.

Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..1000
M. Archibald, A. Blecher, A. Knopfmacher, M. E. Mays, Inversions and Parity in Compositions of Integers, J. Int. Seq., Vol. 23 (2020), Article 20.4.1.
C. G. Bower, Transforms (2)
INRIA Algorithms Project, Encyclopedia of Combinatorial Structures 1022
S. J. Cyvin et al., Theory of polypentagons, J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci., 33 (1993), 466-474.
N. J. A. Sloane, On the Number of ON Cells in Cellular Automata, arXiv:1503.01168 [math.CO], 2015.
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Elementary Cellular Automaton
S. Wolfram, A New Kind of Science
Wolfram Research, Wolfram Atlas of Simple Programs
Index entries for sequences related to cellular automata
Index to 2D 5-Neighbor Cellular Automata
Index to Elementary Cellular Automata
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (2,2,-4).

Cf. A005418, A016116. Essentially the same as A122746.
Row sums of triangle A034877.
Cf. A289404, A289405, A052551.

[2] cat [2^(n-1)-2^Floor((n-1)/2) : n in [2..40]]; // Wesley Ivan Hurt, Jul 03 2020

Join[{2}, LinearRecurrence[{2, 2, -4}, {1, 2, 6}, 29]] (* Jean-François Alcover, Oct 11 2017 *)

a(n)=([0,1,0; 0,0,1; -4,2,2]^(n-1)*[2;1;2])[1,1] \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Oct 21 2022

"BHK" (reversible, identity, unlabeled) transform of 2, 0, 0, 0, ...
a(n) = 2^(n-1)-2^floor((n-1)/2), n > 1. - Vladeta Jovovic, Nov 11 2001
G.f.: 2*x+x^2/((1-2*x)*(1-2*x^2)). - Mohammed Bouayoun (bouyao(AT)wanadoo.fr), Mar 25 2004
a(n) = A005418(n+1)-A016116(n+2), n>1. - Yosu Yurramendi, Aug 07 2008
a(n+1) = A077957(n) + 2*a(n), n>1. a(n+2) = A000079(n+1) + 2*a(n), n>1. - Yosu Yurramendi, Aug 10 2008
First differences: a(n+1)-a(n) = A007179(n) = A156232(n+2)/4, n>1. - Paul Curtz, Nov 16 2009
a(n) = 2*(a(n-1) bitwiseOR a(n-2)), n>3. - Pierre Charland, Dec 12 2010
a(n) = 2*a(n-1) + 2*a(n-2) - 4*a(n-3). - Wesley Ivan Hurt, Jul 03 2020

A056453 Number of palindromes of length n using exactly two different symbols.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 0, 2, 2, 6, 6, 14, 14, 30, 30, 62, 62, 126, 126, 254, 254, 510, 510, 1022, 1022, 2046, 2046, 4094, 4094, 8190, 8190, 16382, 16382, 32766, 32766, 65534, 65534, 131070, 131070, 262142, 262142, 524286, 524286, 1048574, 1048574, 2097150, 2097150, 4194302

Offset: 1

Marks R. Nester

Also the number of bitstrings of length n+2 where the last two runs have the same length. (A run is a maximal subsequence of (possibly just one) identical bits.) - David Nacin, Mar 03 2012

Also, the decimal representation of the diagonal from the corner to the origin of the n-th stage of growth of the two-dimensional cellular automaton defined by "Rule 62", based on the 5-celled von Neumann neighborhood, initialized with a single black (ON) cell at stage zero. - Robert Price, Apr 22 2017

			The palindromes in two symbols of length three take the forms 000, 111, 010, 101. Of these only two have exactly two symbols.  Thus a(3) = 2. - _David Nacin_, Mar 03 2012

M. R. Nester (1999). Mathematical investigations of some plant interaction designs. PhD Thesis. University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. [See A056391 for pdf file of Chap. 2]
S. Wolfram, A New Kind of Science, Wolfram Media, 2002; p. 170.

Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..2000
Aruna Gabhe, Problem 11623, Am. Math. Monthly 119 (2012) 161.
N. J. A. Sloane, On the Number of ON Cells in Cellular Automata, arXiv:1503.01168 [math.CO], 2015
Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics, Elementary Cellular Automaton
S. Wolfram, A New Kind of Science
Wolfram Research, Wolfram Atlas of Simple Programs
Index entries for sequences related to cellular automata
Index to 2D 5-Neighbor Cellular Automata
Index to Elementary Cellular Automata
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (1,2,-2).

Cf. A000918, A016116, A056391, A208900, A208901, A208902, A208903.

[2^Floor((n+1)/2)-2: n in [1..40]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Aug 16 2011

Table[2^(Floor[n/2] + 1) - 2, {n, 0, 40}] (* David Nacin, Mar 03 2012 *)
LinearRecurrence[{1, 2, -2}, {0, 0, 2}, 40] (* David Nacin, Mar 03 2012 *)
k=2; Table[k! StirlingS2[Ceiling[n/2],k],{n,1,30}] (* Robert A. Russell, Sep 25 2018 *)

a(n) = 2^((n+1)\2)-2; \\ Altug Alkan, Sep 25 2018

def A056453(n): return (1<<(n+1>>1))-2 # Chai Wah Wu, Feb 18 2024

a(n) = 2^floor((n+1)/2) - 2.
a(n) = a(n-1) + 2*a(n-2) - 2*a(n-3). - David Nacin, Mar 03 2012
G.f.: 2*x^3/((1-x)*(1-2*x^2)). - David Nacin, Mar 03 2012
G.f.: k!(x^(2k-1)+x^(2k))/Product_{i=1..k}(1-ix^2), where k=2 is the number of symbols. - Robert A. Russell, Sep 25 2018
a(n) = k! S2(ceiling(n/2),k), where k=2 is the number of symbols and S2 is the Stirling subset number. - Robert A. Russell, Sep 25 2018
E.g.f.: 1 - 2*cosh(x) + cosh(sqrt(2)*x) - 2*sinh(x) + sqrt(2)*sinh(sqrt(2)*x). - Stefano Spezia, Jun 06 2023

More terms from Vincenzo Librandi, Aug 16 2011

Name clarified by Michel Marcus and Felix Fröhlich, Jul 09 2018

A152815 Triangle T(n,k), read by rows given by [1,0,-1,0,0,0,0,0,0,...] DELTA [0,1,-1,0,0,0,0,0,0,...] where DELTA is the operator defined in A084938.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 1, 2, 1, 0, 0, 1, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 3, 3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 3, 3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 4, 6, 4, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 4, 6, 4, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 5, 10, 10, 5, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 5, 10, 10, 5, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 6, 15, 20, 15, 6, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 6, 15, 20, 15, 6, 1, 0, 0, 0

Offset: 0

Philippe Deléham, Dec 13 2008

Triangle read by rows, Pascal's triangle (A007318) rows repeated.

Riordan array (1/(1-x), x^2/(1-x^2)). - Philippe Deléham, Feb 27 2012

			Triangle begins:
  1;
  1, 0;
  1, 1, 0;
  1, 1, 0, 0;
  1, 2, 1, 0, 0;
  1, 2, 1, 0, 0, 0;
  1, 3, 3, 1, 0, 0, 0;
  1, 3, 3, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0;
  1, 4, 6, 4, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0; ...

Reinhard Zumkeller, Rows n = 0..150 of triangle, flattened

Cf. A007318, A064861, A152198 (another version), A000931 (diagonal sums), A016116 (row sums).

a152815 n k = a152815_tabl !! n !! k
a152815_row n = a152815_tabl !! n
a152815_tabl = [1] : [1,0] : t [1,0] where
   t ys = zs : zs' : t zs' where
     zs' = zs ++ [0]; zs = zipWith (+) ([0] ++ ys) (ys ++ [0])
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Feb 28 2012

m = 13;
(* DELTA is defined in A084938 *)
DELTA[Join[{1, 0, -1}, Table[0, {m}]], Join[{0, 1, -1}, Table[0, {m}]], m] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Feb 19 2020 *)
T[n_, k_] := If[n<0, 0, Binomial[Floor[n/2], k]]; (* Michael Somos, Oct 01 2022 *)

{T(n, k) = if(n<0, 0, binomial(n\2, k))}; /* Michael Somos, Oct 01 2022 */

T(n,k) = T(n-1,k) + ((1+(-1)^n)/2)*T(n-1,k-1).
G.f.: (1+x)/(1-(1+y)*x^2).
Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*x^k = A000012(n), A016116(n), A108411(n), A213173(n), A074872(n+1) for x = 0,1,2,3,4 respectively. - Philippe Deléham, Nov 26 2011, Apr 22 2013

Example corrected by Philippe Deléham, Dec 13 2008

A094718 Array T read by antidiagonals: T(n,k) is the number of involutions avoiding 132 and 12...k.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 4, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 6, 8, 8, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 13, 8, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 6, 10, 18, 21, 16, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 6, 10, 19, 27, 34, 16, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 6, 10, 20, 33, 54, 55, 32, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 6, 10, 20, 34, 61, 81, 89, 32, 1

Offset: 1

Ralf Stephan, May 23 2004

Also, number of paths along a corridor with width k, starting from one side (from H. Bottomley's comment in A061551).
Rows converge to binomial(n,floor(n/2)) (A001405).
Note that the rows and columns start at 1, which for example obscures the fact that the first row refers to A000007 and not to A000004. A better choice is the indexing 0 <= k and 0 <= n. The Maple program below uses this indexing and builds only on the roots of -1. - Peter Luschny, Sep 17 2020

			Array begins
  0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0   0 ...
  1   1   1   1   1   1   1   1   1   1 ...
  1   2   2   4   4   8   8  16  16  32 ...
  1   2   3   5   8  13  21  34  55  89 ...
  1   2   3   6   9  18  27  54  81 162 ...
  1   2   3   6  10  19  33  61 108 197 ...
  1   2   3   6  10  20  34  68 116 232 ...
  1   2   3   6  10  20  35  69 124 241 ...
  1   2   3   6  10  20  35  70 125 250 ...
  1   2   3   6  10  20  35  70 126 251 ...
  ...

Shaun V. Ault and Charles Kicey, Counting paths in corridors using circular Pascal arrays, Discrete Mathematics, Volume 332, October 2014, Pages 45-54.
Nachum Dershowitz, Between Broadway and the Hudson, arXiv:2006.06516 [math.CO], 2020.
Robert Dutton Fray and David Paul Roselle, Weighted lattice paths, Pacific Journal of Mathematics, 37(1) (1971), 85-96.
O. Guibert and T. Mansour, Restricted 132-involutions, Séminaire Lotharingien de Combinatoire, B48a (2002), 23 pp.
T. Mansour, Restricted even permutations and Chebyshev polynomials, arXiv:math/0302014 [math.CO], 2003.

Rows 3-8 are A016116, A000045, A038754, A028495, A030436, A061551.
Main diagonal is A014495, antidiagonal sums are in A094719.
Cf. A080934 (permutations).

X := (j, n) -> (-1)^(j/(n+1)) - (-1)^((n-j+1)/(n+1)):
R := n -> select(k -> type(k, odd), [$(1..n)]):
T := (n, k) -> add((2 + X(j,n))*X(j,n)^k, j in R(n))/(n+1):
seq(lprint([n], seq(simplify(T(n, k)), k=0..10)), n=0..9); # Peter Luschny, Sep 17 2020

U = ChebyshevU;
m = maxExponent = 14;
row[1] = Array[0&, m];
row[k_] := 1/(x U[k, 1/(2x)])*Sum[U[j, 1/(2x)], {j, 0, k-1}] + O[x]^m // CoefficientList[#, x]& // Rest;
T = Table[row[n], {n, 1, m}];
Table[T[[n-k+1, k]], {n, 1, m-1}, {k, 1, n}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Nov 17 2018 *)

G.f. for k-th row: 1/(x*U(k, 1/(2*x))) * Sum_{j=0..k-1} U(j, 1/(2*x)), with U(k, x) the Chebyshev polynomials of second kind. [Clarified by Jean-François Alcover, Nov 17 2018]

T(n, k) = (1/(n+1))*Sum_{j=1..n, j odd} (2 + [j, n]) * [j, n]^k where [j, n] := (-1)^(j/(n+1)) - (-1)^((n-j+1)/(n+1)). - Peter Luschny, Sep 17 2020

A351004 Alternately constant partitions. Number of integer partitions y of n such that y_i = y_{i+1} for all odd i.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 5, 4, 7, 7, 10, 9, 15, 13, 21, 19, 28, 26, 40, 35, 54, 49, 72, 64, 97, 87, 128, 115, 167, 151, 220, 195, 284, 256, 366, 328, 469, 421, 598, 537, 757, 682, 959, 859, 1204, 1085, 1507, 1354, 1880, 1694, 2338, 2104, 2892, 2609, 3574, 3218, 4394

Offset: 0

Gus Wiseman, Jan 31 2022

nonn

These are partitions of n with all even multiplicities (or run-lengths), except possibly the last.

			The a(1) = 1 through a(9) = 7 partitions:
  1  2   3    4     5      6       7        8         9
     11  111  22    221    33      331      44        333
              1111  11111  222     22111    332       441
                           2211    1111111  2222      22221
                           111111           3311      33111
                                            221111    2211111
                                            11111111  111111111

The ordered version (compositions) is A016116.
The even-length case is A035363.
A reverse version is A096441, both A349060.
The version for unequal instead of equal is A122129, even-length A351008.
The version for even instead of odd indices is A351003, even-length A351012.
The strict version is A351005, opposite A351006, even-length A035457.
Cf. A000070, A018819, A027383, A088218, A067661, A101417, A122134, A122135, A350842, A351007.

Table[Length[Select[IntegerPartitions[n],And@@Table[#[[i]]==#[[i+1]],{i,1,Length[#]-1,2}]&]],{n,0,30}]

A056449 a(n) = 3^floor((n+1)/2).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 3, 3, 9, 9, 27, 27, 81, 81, 243, 243, 729, 729, 2187, 2187, 6561, 6561, 19683, 19683, 59049, 59049, 177147, 177147, 531441, 531441, 1594323, 1594323, 4782969, 4782969, 14348907, 14348907, 43046721, 43046721, 129140163, 129140163, 387420489, 387420489, 1162261467

Offset: 0

Marks R. Nester

One followed by powers of 3 with positive exponent, repeated. - Omar E. Pol, Jul 27 2009

Number of achiral rows of n colors using up to three colors. E.g., for a(3) = 9, the rows are AAA, ABA, ACA, BAB, BBB, BCB, CAC, CBC, and CCC. - Robert A. Russell, Nov 07 2018

M. R. Nester (1999). Mathematical investigations of some plant interaction designs. PhD Thesis. University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. [See A056391 for pdf file of Chap. 2]

Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..2000
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (0,3).

Column k=3 of A321391.
Cf. A000007, A000244, A016116, A056391, A056453, A056454, A057427.
Essentially the same as A108411 and A162436.
Cf. A000244 (oriented), A032120 (unoriented), A032086(n>1) (chiral).

[3^Floor((n+1)/2): n in [0..40]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Aug 16 2011

Riffle[3^Range[0, 20], 3^Range[20]] (* Harvey P. Dale, Jan 21 2015 *)
Table[3^Ceiling[n/2], {n,0,40}] (* or *)
LinearRecurrence[{0, 3}, {1, 3}, 40] (* Robert A. Russell, Nov 07 2018 *)

a(n)=3^floor((n+1)/2); \\ Joerg Arndt, Apr 23 2013

def A056449(n): return 3**(n+1>>1) # Chai Wah Wu, Oct 28 2024

G.f.: (1 + 3*x) / (1 - 3*x^2). - R. J. Mathar, Jul 06 2011 [Adapted to offset 0 by Robert A. Russell, Nov 07 2018]
a(n) = k^ceiling(n/2), where k = 3 is the number of possible colors. - Robert A. Russell, Nov 07 2018
a(n) = C(3,0)*A000007(n) + C(3,1)*A057427(n) + C(3,2)*A056453(n) + C(3,3)*A056454(n). - Robert A. Russell, Nov 08 2018
E.g.f.: cosh(sqrt(3)*x) + sqrt(3)*sinh(sqrt(3)*x). - Stefano Spezia, Dec 31 2022

Edited by N. J. A. Sloane at the suggestion of Klaus Brockhaus, Jul 03 2009

a(0)=1 prepended by Robert A. Russell, Nov 07 2018

A061551 Number of paths along a corridor width 8, starting from one side.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 2, 3, 6, 10, 20, 35, 69, 124, 241, 440, 846, 1560, 2977, 5525, 10490, 19551, 36994, 69142, 130532, 244419, 460737, 863788, 1626629, 3052100, 5743674, 10782928, 20283121, 38092457, 71632290, 134560491, 252989326, 475313762

Offset: 0

Henry Bottomley, May 16 2001

Counts all paths of length n starting at initial node on the path graph P_8. - Paul Barry, May 11 2004
The a(n) represent the number of possible chess games, ignoring the fifty-move and the triple repetition rules, after n moves by White in the following position: White Ka1, pawns a2, b6, d2, d6 and g2; Black Ka8, Bc8, pawns a3, b7, d3, d7 and g3. - Johannes W. Meijer, May 29 2010
Define the 4 X 4 tridiagonal unit-primitive matrix (see [Jeffery]) M = A_{9,1} = [0,1,0,0; 1,0,1,0; 0,1,0,1; 0,0,1,1]; then a(n)=[M^n](4,4). - _L. Edson Jeffery, Mar 18 2011
a(n) is the length of n-th word derived by certain iterated substitutions on four letters {1,2,3,4} as follows. Define the substitution rules 1 -> {2}, 2 -> {1,3}, 3 -> {2,4}, 4 -> {3,4}, in which "," denotes concatenation, so 1 -> 2, 2 -> 13, 3 -> 24, 4 -> 34. Let w(k) be the k-th word formed by applying the substitution rules to each letter (digit) in word w(k-1), k>0, putting w(0) = 1. Then, for n=0,1,..., {w(n)} = {1, 2, 13, 224, 131334, 2242242434, 13133413133413342434, ...} in which {length(w(n))} = {1,1,2,3,6,10,...} = A061551. The maps 1 -> 2, etc., are given by the above matrix A_{9,1} by taking i -> {j : [A_{9,1}](i,j) <> 0}, i, j in {1,2,3,4}. Moreover, the entry in row 1 and column j of [A{9,1}]^n gives the relative frequency of the letter j in the n-th word w(n). Finally, the sum of the first-row entries of [A_{9,1}]^n again gives a(n), so obviously a(n) = sum of relative frequencies of each j in word w(n). - L. Edson Jeffery, Feb 06 2012
Range of row n of the circular Pascal array of order 9. - Shaun V. Ault, Jun 05 2014
In general, a(n,m) = (2^n/(m+1))*Sum_{r=1..m} (1-(-1)^r)*cos(Pi*r/(m+1))^n*(1+cos(Pi*r/(m+1))) gives the number of paths of length n starting at the initial node on the path graph P_m. Here we have m=8. - Herbert Kociemba, Sep 17 2020

			G.f. = 1 + x + 2*x^2 + 3*x^3 + 6*x^4 + 10*x^5 + 20*x^6 + 35*x^7 + 69*x^8 + ....

Harvey P. Dale, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1000
Shaun V. Ault and Charles Kicey, Counting paths in corridors using circular Pascal arrays, Discrete Mathematics (2014).
Shaun V. Ault and Charles Kicey, Counting paths in corridors using circular Pascal arrays, arXiv:1407.2197 [math.CO], (8-July-2014)
Johann Cigler, Some remarks and conjectures related to lattice paths in strips along the x-axis, arXiv:1501.04750 [math.CO], 2015-2016.
Johann Cigler, Recurrences for certain sequences of binomial sums in terms of (generalized) Fibonacci and Lucas polynomials, arXiv:2212.02118 [math.NT], 2022.
Nachum Dershowitz, Between Broadway and the Hudson, arXiv:2006.06516 [math.CO], 2020.
L. E. Jeffery, Unit-primitive matrices
Marc A. A. Van Leeuwen, Some simple bijections involving lattice walks and ballot sequences, arXiv:1010.4847 [math.CO], (23-October-2010)
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (1,3,-2,-1).

Narrower corridors effectively produce A000007, A000012, A016116, A000045, A038754, A028495, A030436, A061551, A178381, A336675, A336678.
An infinitely wide corridor (i.e., just one wall) would produce A001405.
Equivalently, the above mentioned corridor numbers are exactly the ranges of the circular Pascal array of order d = 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, respectively, and this is true for any natural number d greater than or equal to 2.
a(n) = A094718(8, n).
Cf. A030436 and A178381.

a[0]:=1: a[1]:=1: a[2]:=2: a[3]:=3: a[4]:=6: a[5]:=10: a[6]:=20: a[7]:=35: for n from 8 to 33 do a[n]:=7*a[n-2]-15*a[n-4]+10*a[n-6]-a[n-8] od: seq(a[n],n=0..33); # Emeric Deutsch, Aug 14 2006
with(GraphTheory): P:=8: G:=PathGraph(P): A:= AdjacencyMatrix(G): nmax:=33; for n from 0 to nmax do B(n):=A^n; a(n):=add(B(n)[1,k],k=1..P); od: seq(a(n),n=0..nmax); # Johannes W. Meijer, May 29 2010
X := j -> (-1)^(j/9) - (-1)^(1-j/9):
a := k -> add((2 + X(j))*X(j)^k, j in [1, 3, 5, 7])/9:
seq(simplify(a(n)), n=0..30); # Peter Luschny, Sep 17 2020

LinearRecurrence[{1,3,-2,-1},{1,1,2,3},40] (* Harvey P. Dale, Dec 19 2011 *)
a[n_,m_]:=2^(n+1)/(m+1) Module[{x=(Pi r)/(m+1)},Sum[Cos[x]^n (1+Cos[x]),{r,1,m,2}]]
Table[a[n,8],{n,0,40}]//Round (* Herbert Kociemba, Sep 17 2020 *)

a(n) = sum(b(n,i)) where b(n,0) = b(n,9) = 0, b(0,1)=1, b(0, n)=0 if n!=1 and b(n,i) = b(n-1,i) + b(n+1,i) if 0 < n < 9.
From Emeric Deutsch, Aug 14 2006: (Start)
G.f.: (1-2*x^2)/((1-x)*(1-3*x^2-x^3)).
a(n) = 7*a(n-2) - 15*a(n-4) + 10*a(n-6) - a(n-8). (End)
a(2*n) = A094854(n) and a(2*n+1) = A094855(n). - Johannes W. Meijer, May 29 2010
a(n) = a(n-1) + 3*a(n-2) - 2*a(n-3) - a(n-4), for n > 3, with {a(k)}={1,1,2,3}, k=0,1,2,3. - L. Edson Jeffery, Mar 18 2011
a(n) = A187498(3*n + 2). - L. Edson Jeffery, Mar 18 2011
a(n) = A205573(3,n). - L. Edson Jeffery, Feb 06 2012
G.f.: 1 / (1 - x / (1 - x / (1 + x / (1 + x / (1 - x / (1 - x / (1 + x))))))). - Michael Somos, Feb 08 2015
a(n) = 2^n/9*Sum_{r=1..8} (1-(-1)^r)cos(Pi*r/9)^n*(1+cos(Pi*r/9)). - Herbert Kociemba, Sep 17 2020

A083906 Table read by rows: T(n, k) is the number of length n binary words with exactly k inversions.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 3, 1, 4, 2, 2, 5, 3, 4, 3, 1, 6, 4, 6, 6, 6, 2, 2, 7, 5, 8, 9, 11, 9, 7, 4, 3, 1, 8, 6, 10, 12, 16, 16, 18, 12, 12, 8, 6, 2, 2, 9, 7, 12, 15, 21, 23, 29, 27, 26, 23, 21, 15, 13, 7, 4, 3, 1, 10, 8, 14, 18, 26, 30, 40, 42, 48, 44, 46, 40, 40, 30, 26, 18, 14, 8, 6, 2, 2

Offset: 0

Alford Arnold, Jun 19 2003

There are A033638(n) values in the n-th row, compliant with the order of the polynomial.
In the example for n=6 detailed below, the orders of [6, k]_q are 1, 6, 9, 10, 9, 6, 1 for k = 0..6,
the maximum order 10 defining the row length.
Note that 1 6 9 10 9 6 1 and related distributions are antidiagonals of A077028.
A083480 is a variation illustrating a relationship with numeric partitions, A000041.
The rows are formed by the nonzero entries of the columns of A049597.
The coefficient of q^j in the Gaussian polynomial [n, m]q is the number of binary words on alphabet {0,1} of length n having m 1's and j inversions. Hence T(n, k) is the number of length n binary words with exactly k inversions. - _Geoffrey Critzer, May 14 2017
If n is even the n-th row converges to n+1, n-1, n-4, ..., 19, 13, 7, 4, 3, 1 which is A029552 reversed, and if n is odd the sequence is twice A098613. - Michael Somos, Jun 25 2017

			When viewed as an array with A033638(r) entries per row, the table begins:
. 1 ............... : 1
. 2 ............... : 2
. 3 1 ............. : 3 + q = (1) + (1+q) + (1)
. 4 2 2 ........... : 4 + 2q + 2q^2 = 1 + (1+q+q^2) + (1+q+q^2) + 1
. 5 3 4 3 1 ....... : 5 + 3q + 4q^2 + 3q^3 + q^4
. 6 4 6 6 6 2 2
. 7 5 8 9 11 9 7 4 3 1
. 8 6 10 12 16 16 18 12 12 8 6 2 2
. 9 7 12 15 21 23 29 27 26 23 21 15 13 7 4 3 1
...
The second but last row is from the sum over 7 q-polynomials coefficients:
. 1 ....... : 1 = [6,0]_q
. 1 1 1 1 1 1 ....... : 1+q+q^2+q^3+q^4+q^5 = [6,1]_q
. 1 1 2 2 3 2 2 1 1 ....... : 1+q+2q^2+2q^3+3q^4+2q^5+2q^6+q^7+q^8 = [6,2]_q
. 1 1 2 3 3 3 3 2 1 1 ....... : 1+q+2q^2+3q^3+3q^4+3q^5+3q^6+2q^7+q^8+q^9 = [6,3]_q
. 1 1 2 2 3 2 2 1 1 ....... : 1+q+2q^2+2q^3+3q^4+2q^5+2q^6+q^7+q^8 = [6,4]_q
. 1 1 1 1 1 1 ....... : 1+q+q^2+q^3+q^4+q^5 = [6,5]_q
. 1 ....... : 1 = [6,6]_q

George E. Andrews, 'Theory of Partitions', 1976, page 242.

Seiichi Manyama, Rows n = 0..48, flattened
Geoffrey Critzer, Combinatorics of Vector Spaces over Finite Fields, Master's thesis, Emporia State University, 2018.
Alexander Gruber, "The Egg:" Bizarre behavior of the roots of a family of polynomials Mathematics StackExchange Oct 04 2012
MathOverflow, Partition numbers and Gaussian binomial coefficient
Eric Weisstein, q-Binomial Coefficient, Mathworld.
Wikipedia, q-binomial
Index entries for sequences related to binary linear codes

Cf. A000025, A000034, A000041, A016116, A029552, A033638, A060546, A063746, A077028, A083479, A083480, A098613, A260460.

R:=PowerSeriesRing(Rationals(), 100);
qBinom:= func< n,k,x | n eq 0 or k eq 0 select 1 else (&*[(1-x^(n-j))/(1-x^(j+1)): j in [0..k-1]]) >;
A083906:= func< n,k | Coefficient(R!((&+[qBinom(n,k,x): k in [0..n]]) ), k) >;
[A083906(n,k): k in [0..Floor(n^2/4)], n in [0..12]]; // G. C. Greubel, Feb 13 2024

QBinomial := proc(n,m,q) local i ; factor( mul((1-q^(n-i))/(1-q^(i+1)),i=0..m-1) ) ; expand(%) ; end:
A083906 := proc(n,k) add( QBinomial(n,m,q),m=0..n ) ; coeftayl(%,q=0,k) ; end:
for n from 0 to 10 do for k from 0 to A033638(n)-1 do printf("%d,",A083906(n,k)) ; od: od: # R. J. Mathar, May 28 2009
T := proc(n, k) if n < 0 or k < 0 or k > floor(n^2/4) then return 0 fi;
if n < 2 then return n + 1 fi; 2*T(n-1, k) - T(n-2, k) + T(n-2, k - n + 1) end:
seq(print(seq(T(n, k), k = 0..floor((n/2)^2))), n = 0..8);  # Peter Luschny, Feb 16 2024

Table[CoefficientList[Total[Table[FunctionExpand[QBinomial[n, k, q]], {k, 0, n}]],q], {n, 0, 10}] // Grid (* Geoffrey Critzer, May 14 2017 *)

{T(n, k) = polcoeff(sum(m=0, n, prod(k=0, m-1, (x^n - x^k) / (x^m - x^k))), k)}; /* Michael Somos, Jun 25 2017 */

def T(n,k): # T = A083906
    if k<0 or k> (n^2//4): return 0
    elif n<2 : return n+1
    else: return 2*T(n-1, k) - T(n-2, k) + T(n-2, k-n+1)
flatten([[T(n,k) for k in range(int(n^2//4)+1)] for n in range(13)]) # G. C. Greubel, Feb 13 2024

T(n, k) is the coefficient [q^k] of the Sum_{m=0..n} [n, m]_q over q-Binomial coefficients.
Row sums: Sum_{k=0..floor(n^2/4)} T(n,k) = 2^n.
For n >= k, T(n+1,k) = T(n, k) + A000041(k). - Geoffrey Critzer, Feb 12 2021
Sum_{k=0..floor(n^2/4)} (-1)^k*T(n, k) = A060546(n). - G. C. Greubel, Feb 13 2024
From Mikhail Kurkov, Feb 14 2024: (Start)
T(n, k) = 2*T(n-1, k) - T(n-2, k) + T(n-2, k - n + 1) for n >= 2 and 0 <= k <= floor(n^2/4).
Sum_{i=0..n} T(n-i, i) = A000041(n+1). Note that upper limit of the summation can be reduced to A083479(n) = (n+2) - ceiling(sqrt(4*n)).
Both results were proved (see MathOverflow link for details). (End)
From G. C. Greubel, Feb 17 2024: (Start)
T(n, floor(n^2/4)) = A000034(n).
Sum_{k=0..floor(n^2/4)} (-1)^k*T(n, k) = A016116(n+1).
Sum_{k=0..(n + 2) - ceiling(sqrt(4*n))} (-1)^k*T(n - k, k) = (-1)^n*A000025(n+1) = -A260460(n+1). (End)

Edited by R. J. Mathar, May 28 2009

New name using a comment from Geoffrey Critzer by Peter Luschny, Feb 17 2024

cp's OEIS Frontend

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A006138 a(n) = a(n-1) + 3*a(n-2).

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A032085 Number of reversible strings with n beads of 2 colors. If more than 1 bead, not palindromic.

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A056453 Number of palindromes of length n using exactly two different symbols.

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A094718 Array T read by antidiagonals: T(n,k) is the number of involutions avoiding 132 and 12...k.

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