A049685 -id:A049685 - cp's OEIS frontend

A299045 Rectangular array: A(n,k) = Sum_{j=0..k} (-1)^floor(j/2)binomial(k-floor((j+1)/2), floor(j/2))(-n)^(k-j), n >= 1, k >= 0, read by antidiagonals.

1, 1, 0, 1, -1, -1, 1, -2, 1, 1, 1, -3, 5, -1, 0, 1, -4, 11, -13, 1, -1, 1, -5, 19, -41, 34, -1, 1, 1, -6, 29, -91, 153, -89, 1, 0, 1, -7, 41, -169, 436, -571, 233, -1, -1, 1, -8, 55, -281, 985, -2089, 2131, -610, 1, 1, 1, -9, 71, -433, 1926, -5741, 10009, -7953, 1597, -1, 0

Offset: 1

L. Edson Jeffery, Bob Selcoe and Andrew Hone, Feb 01 2018

This array is used to compute A269252: A269252(n) = least k such that |A(n,k)| is a prime, or -1 if no such k exists.
For detailed theory, see [Hone].
The array can be extended to k<0 with A(n, k) = -A(n, -k-1) for all k in Z. - Michael Somos, Jun 19 2023

			Array begins:
1   0  -1     1     0      -1       1         0        -1           1
1  -1   1    -1     1      -1       1        -1         1          -1
1  -2   5   -13    34     -89     233      -610      1597       -4181
1  -3  11   -41   153    -571    2131     -7953     29681     -110771
1  -4  19   -91   436   -2089   10009    -47956    229771    -1100899
1  -5  29  -169   985   -5741   33461   -195025   1136689    -6625109
1  -6  41  -281  1926  -13201   90481   -620166   4250681   -29134601
1  -7  55  -433  3409  -26839  211303  -1663585  13097377  -103115431
1  -8  71  -631  5608  -49841  442961  -3936808  34988311  -310957991
1  -9  89  -881  8721  -86329  854569  -8459361  83739041  -828931049

Robert Price, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..5050
Andrew N. W. Hone, et al., On a family of sequences related to Chebyshev polynomials, arXiv:1802.01793 [math.NT], 2018.

Cf. A285992, A299107, A299109, A088165, A117522, A299100, A299101, A113501, A269251, A269252, A269253, A269254, A294099, A298675, A298677, A298878, A299045, A299071.
Cf. A094954 (unsigned version of this array, but missing the first row).
Cf. Rows: A057078, A033999, A099496, A079935 (or A001835), A004253, A001653, A049685, A070997, A070998, A138288 (or A072256), ...
Cf. Columns: A000012, A001477 (A000027), A110331 (A165900), A123972, A192398, ...

(* Array: *)
Grid[Table[LinearRecurrence[{-n, -1}, {1, 1 - n}, 10], {n, 10}]]
(*Array antidiagonals flattened (gives this sequence):*)
A299045[n_, k_] := Sum[(-1)^(Floor[j/2]) Binomial[k - Floor[(j + 1)/2], Floor[j/2]] (-n)^(k - j), {j, 0, k}]; Flatten[Table[A299045[n - k, k], {n, 11}, {k, 0, n - 1}]]

{A(n, k) = sum(j=0, k, (-1)^(j\2)*binomial(k-(j+1)\2, j\2)*(-n)^(k-j))}; /* Michael Somos, Jun 19 2023 */

G.f. for row n: (1 + x)/(1 + n*x + x^2), n >= 1.

A(n, k) = B(-n, k) where B = A294099. - Michael Somos, Jun 19 2023

A165253 Triangle T(n,k), read by rows given by [1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,...] DELTA [0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,...] where DELTA is the operator defined in A084938.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 3, 1, 0, 1, 6, 5, 1, 0, 1, 10, 15, 7, 1, 0, 1, 15, 35, 28, 9, 1, 0, 1, 21, 70, 84, 45, 11, 1, 0, 1, 28, 126, 210, 165, 66, 13, 1, 0, 1, 36, 210, 462, 495, 286, 91, 15, 1, 0, 1, 45, 330, 924, 1287, 1001, 455, 120, 17, 1, 0, 1, 55, 495, 1716, 3003, 3003, 1820, 680

Offset: 0

Philippe Deléham, Sep 10 2009

Mirror image of triangle in A121314.

			Triangle begins:
  1;
  1,    0;
  1,    1,    0;
  1,    3,    1,    0;
  1,    6,    5,    1,    0;
  1,   10,   15,    7,    1,    0;
  1,   15,   35,   28,    9,    1,    0;
  1,   21,   70,   84,   45,   11,    1,    0;
  1,   28,  126,  210,  165,   66,   13,    1,    0;
  1,   36,  210,  462,  495,  286,   91,   15,    1,    0,
  1,   45,  330,  924, 1287, 1001,  455,  120,   17,    1,    0;

Indranil Ghosh, Rows 0..125 of triangle, flattened

Cf. A054142, A085478, A121314.

m = 13;
(* DELTA is defined in A084938 *)
DELTA[Join[{1, 0, 1}, Table[0, {m}]], Join[{0, 1}, Table[0, {m}]], m] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Feb 19 2020 *)

T(0,0)=1, T(n,k) = binomial(n-1+k,2k) for n >= 1.
Sum {k=0..n} T(n,k)*x^k = A000012(n), A001519(n), A001835(n), A004253(n), A001653(n), A049685(n-1), A070997(n-1), A070998(n-1), A072256(n), A078922(n), A077417(n-1), A085260(n), A001570(n) for x = 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12 respectively.
Sum_{k=0..n} T(n,k)*x^(n-k) = A000007(n), A001519(n), A047849(n), A165310(n), A165311(n), A165312(n), A165314(n), A165322(n), A165323(n), A165324(n) for x= 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 respectively. - Philippe Deléham, Sep 26 2009
T(n,k) = 2*T(n-1,k) + T(n-1,k-1) - T(n-2,k), T(0,0)=T(1,0)=1, T(1,1)=0. - Philippe Deléham, Feb 18 2012
G.f.: (1-x-y*x)/((1-x)^2-y*x). - Philippe Deléham, Feb 19 2012

A160682 The list of the A values in the common solutions to 13k+1 = A^2 and 17k+1 = B^2.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 14, 209, 3121, 46606, 695969, 10392929, 155197966, 2317576561, 34608450449, 516809180174, 7717529252161, 115246129602241, 1720974414781454, 25699370092119569, 383769576967012081, 5730844284413061646, 85578894689228912609, 1277952576054020627489

Offset: 1

Paul Weisenhorn, May 23 2009

This summarizes the case C=13 of common solutions to C*k+1=A^2, (C+4)*k+1=B^2.
The 2 equations are equivalent to the Pell equation x^2-C*(C+4)*y^2=1,
with x=(C*(C+4)*k+C+2)/2; y=A*B/2 and with smallest values x(1) = (C+2)/2, y(1)=1/2.
Generic recurrences are:
A(j+2)=(C+2)*A(j+1)-A(j) with A(1)=1; A(2)=C+1.
B(j+2)=(C+2)*B(j+1)-B(j) with B(1)=1; B(2)=C+3.
k(j+3)=(C+1)*(C+3)*( k(j+2)-k(j+1) )+k(j) with k(1)=0; k(2)=C+2; k(3)=(C+1)*(C+2)*(C+3).
x(j+2)=(C^2+4*C+2)*x(j+1)-x(j) with x(1)=(C+2)/2; x(2)=(C^2+4*C+1)*(C+2)/2;
Binet-type of solutions of these 2nd order recurrences are:
R=C^2+4*C; S=C*sqrt(R); T=(C+2); U=sqrt(R); V=(C+4)*sqrt(R);
A(j)=((R+S)*(T+U)^(j-1)+(R-S)*(T-U)^(j-1))/(R*2^j);
B(j)=((R+V)*(T+U)^(j-1)+(R-V)*(T-U)^(j-1))/(R*2^j);
x(j)+sqrt(R)*y(j)=((T+U)*(C^2*4*C+2+(C+2)*sqrt(R))^(j-1))/2^j;
k(j)=(((T+U)*(R+2+T*U)^(j-1)+(T-U)*(R+2-T*U)^(j-1))/2^j-T)/R. [Paul Weisenhorn, May 24 2009]
.C -A----- -B----- -k-----
01 A001519 A002878 A058038
02 A001653 A002315 A045899/2
03 A004253 A030221 A160695
04 A001653 A002315 A078522/4
05 A049685 A033890 A161582
06 A070997 A057080 A159683/2
07 A070998 A057081 A161585
08 A072256 A054320 A045502/4
09 A078922 A097783 A161586
10 A077417 A077416 A159681/2
11 A085260 A126816 A161588
12 A001570 A028230 A059989/4
13 A160682 A161591 A161584
14 A157456 A159678 A159679/2
15 A161595 A161599 A161583
16 A007805 A049629 A157459/4
For n>=2, a(n) equals the permanent of the (2n-2)X(2n-2) tridiagonal matrix with sqrt(13)'s along the main diagonal, and 1's along the superdiagonal and the subdiagonal. [John M. Campbell, Jul 08 2011]
Positive values of x (or y) satisfying x^2 - 15xy + y^2 + 13 = 0. - Colin Barker, Feb 11 2014

Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 1..200
J.-C. Novelli, J.-Y. Thibon, Hopf Algebras of m-permutations,(m+1)-ary trees, and m-parking functions, arXiv preprint arXiv:1403.5962 [math.CO], 2014.
Index entries for the Pell equation
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (15,-1).

Cf. similar sequences listed in A238379.

I:=[1,14]; [n le 2 select I[n] else 15*Self(n-1)-Self(n-2): n in [1..30]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Feb 12 2014

LinearRecurrence[{15,-1},{1,14},20] (* Harvey P. Dale, Oct 08 2012 *)
CoefficientList[Series[(1 - x)/(1 - 15 x + x^2), {x, 0, 40}], x] (* Vincenzo Librandi, Feb 12 2014 *)

a(n) = round((2^(-1-n)*((15-sqrt(221))^n*(13+sqrt(221))+(-13+sqrt(221))*(15+sqrt(221))^n))/sqrt(221)) \\ Colin Barker, Jul 25 2016

a(n) = 15*a(n-1)-a(n-2).
G.f.: (1-x)*x/(1-15*x+x^2).
a(n) = (2^(-1-n)*((15-sqrt(221))^n*(13+sqrt(221))+(-13+sqrt(221))*(15+sqrt(221))^n))/sqrt(221). - Colin Barker, Jul 25 2016

Edited, extended by R. J. Mathar, Sep 02 2009

First formula corrected by Harvey P. Dale, Oct 08 2012

A133607 Triangle read by rows: T(n, k) = qStirling2(n, k, q) for q = -1, with 0 <= k <= n.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 0, 1, 0, 1, -1, 0, 1, -1, -1, 0, 1, -1, -2, 1, 0, 1, -1, -3, 2, 1, 0, 1, -1, -4, 3, 3, -1, 0, 1, -1, -5, 4, 6, -3, -1, 0, 1, -1, -6, 5, 10, -6, -4, 1, 0, 1, -1, -7, 6, 15, -10, -10, 4, 1, 0, 1, -1, -8, 7, 21, -15, -20, 10, 5, -1, 0, 1, -1, -9, 8, 28, -21, -35, 20, 15, -5, -1

Offset: 0

Philippe Deléham, Dec 27 2007

Previous name: Triangle T(n,k), 0<=k<=n, read by rows given by [0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, ...] DELTA [1, -2, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, ...] where DELTA is the operator defined in A084938.

			Triangle begins:
  1;
  0, 1;
  0, 1, -1;
  0, 1, -1, -1;
  0, 1, -1, -2, 1;
  0, 1, -1, -3, 2, 1;
  0, 1, -1, -4, 3, 3, -1;
  0, 1, -1, -5, 4, 6, -3, -1;
  0, 1, -1, -6, 5, 10, -6, -4, 1;
  0, 1, -1, -7, 6, 15, -10, -10, 4, 1;
  0, 1, -1, -8, 7, 21, -15, -20, 10, 5, -1;
  0, 1, -1, -9, 8, 28, -21, -35, 20, 15, -5, -1;
  0, 1, -1, -10, 9, 36, -28, -56, 35, 35, -15, -6, 1;
  ...
Triangle A103631 begins:
  1;
  0, 1;
  0, 1, 1;
  0, 1, 1, 1;
  0, 1, 1, 2, 1;
  0, 1, 1, 3, 2, 1;
  0, 1, 1, 4, 3, 3, 1;
  0, 1, 1, 5, 4, 6, 3, 1;
  0, 1, 1, 6, 5, 10, 6, 4, 1;
  0, 1, 1, 7, 6, 15, 10, 10, 4, 1;
  0, 1, 1, 8, 7, 21, 15, 20, 10, 5, 1;
  0, 1, 1, 9, 8, 28, 21, 35, 20, 15, 5, 1;
  0, 1, 1, 10, 9, 36, 28, 56, 35, 35, 15, 6, 1;
  ...
Triangle A108299 begins:
  1;
  1, -1;
  1, -1, -1;
  1, -1, -2, 1;
  1, -1, -3, 2, 1;
  1, -1, -4, 3, 3, -1;
  1, -1, -5, 4, 6, -3, -1;
  1, -1, -6, 5, 10, -6, -4, 1;
  1, -1, -7, 6, 15, -10, -10, 4, 1;
  1, -1, -8, 7, 21, -15, -20, 10, 5, -1;
  1, -1, -9, 8, 28, -21, -35, 20, 15, -5, -1;
  1, -1, -10, 9, 36, -28, -56, 35, 35, -15, -6, 1;
  ...

Another version is A108299.

Unsigned version is A103631 (T(n,k) = A103631(n,k)*A057077(k)).

m = 13
(* DELTA is defined in A084938 *)
DELTA[Join[{0, 1}, Table[0, {m}]], Join[{1, -2, 1}, Table[0, {m}]], m] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Feb 19 2020 *)
qStirling2[n_, k_, q_] /; 1 <= k <= n := q^(k-1) qStirling2[n-1, k-1, q] + Sum[q^j, {j, 0, k-1}] qStirling2[n-1, k, q];
qStirling2[n_, 0, _] := KroneckerDelta[n, 0];
qStirling2[0, k_, _] := KroneckerDelta[0, k];
qStirling2[, , _] = 0;
Table[qStirling2[n, k, -1], {n, 0, 11}, {k, 0, n}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Mar 10 2020 *)

from sage.combinat.q_analogues import q_stirling_number2
for n in (0..9):
    print([q_stirling_number2(n,k).substitute(q=-1) for k in [0..n]])
# Peter Luschny, Mar 09 2020

Sum_{k, 0<=k<=n}T(n,k)*x^(n-k)= A057077(n), A010892(n), A000012(n), A001519(n), A001835(n), A004253(n), A001653(n), A049685(n-1), A070997(n-1), A070998(n-1), A072256(n), A078922(n), A077417(n-1), A085260(n), A001570(n-1) for x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 respectively .
Sum_{k, 0<=k<=n}T(n,k)*x^k = A000007(n), A010892(n), A133631(n), A133665(n), A133666(n), A133667(n), A133668(n), A133669(n), A133671(n), A133672(n) for x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 respectively .
G.f.: (1-x+y*x)/(1-x+y^2*x^2). - Philippe Deléham, Mar 14 2012
T(n,k) = T(n-1,k) - T(n-2,k-2), T(0,0) = T(1,1) = T(2,1) = 1, T(1,0) = T(2,0) = 0, T(2,2) = -1 and T(n,k) = 0 if k<0 or if k>n. - Philippe Deléham, Mar 14 2012

New name from Peter Luschny, Mar 09 2020

A244419 Coefficient triangle of polynomials related to the Dirichlet kernel. Rising powers. Riordan triangle ((1+z)/(1+z^2), 2*z/(1+z^2)).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 2, -1, 2, 4, -1, -4, 4, 8, 1, -4, -12, 8, 16, 1, 6, -12, -32, 16, 32, -1, 6, 24, -32, -80, 32, 64, -1, -8, 24, 80, -80, -192, 64, 128, 1, -8, -40, 80, 240, -192, -448, 128, 256, 1, 10, -40, -160, 240, 672, -448, -1024, 256, 512, -1, 10, 60, -160, -560, 672, 1792, -1024, -2304, 512, 1024

Offset: 0

Wolfdieter Lang, Jul 29 2014

This is the row reversed version of A180870. See also A157751 and A228565.
The Dirichlet kernel is D(n,x) = Sum_{k=-n..n} exp(i*k*x) = 1 + 2*Sum_{k=1..n} T(n,x) = S(n, 2*y) + S(n-1, 2*y) = S(2*n, sqrt(2*(1+y))) with y = cos(x), n >= 0, with the Chebyshev polynomials T (A053120) and S (A049310). This triangle T(n, k) gives in row n the coefficients of the polynomial Dir(n,y) = D(n,x=arccos(y)) = Sum_{m=0..n} T(n,m)*y^m. See A180870, especially the Peter Bala comments and formulas.
This is the Riordan triangle ((1+z)/(1+z^2), 2*z/(1+z^2)) due to the o.g.f. for Dir(n,y) given by (1+z)/(1 - 2*y*z + z^2) = G(z)/(1 - y*F(z)) with G(z) = (1+z)/(1+z^2) and F(z) = 2*z/(1+z^2) (see the Peter Bala formula under A180870). For Riordan triangles and references see the W. Lang link 'Sheffer a- and z- sequences' under A006232.
The A- and Z- sequences of this Riordan triangle are (see the mentioned W. Lang link in the preceding comment also for the references): The A-sequence has o.g.f. 1+sqrt(1-x^2) and is given by A(2*k+1) = 0 and A(2*k) [2, -1/2, -1/8, -1/16, -5/128, -7/256, -21/1024, -33/2048, -429/32768, -715/65536, ...], k >= 0. (See A098597 and A046161.)
  The Z-sequence has o.g.f. sqrt((1-x)/(1+x)) and is given by
  [1, -1, 1/2, -1/2, 3/8, -3/8, 5/16, -5/16, 35/128, -35/128, ...]. (See A001790 and A046161.)
The column sequences are A057077, 2*(A004526 with even numbers signed), 4*A008805 (signed), 8*A058187 (signed), 16*A189976 (signed), 32*A189980 (signed) for m = 0, 1, ..., 5.
The row sums give A005408 (from the o.g.f. due to the Riordan property), and the alternating row sums give A033999.
The row polynomials Dir(n, x), n >= 0, give solutions to the diophantine equation (a + 1)*X^2 - (a - 1)*Y^2 = 2 by virtue of the identity (a + 1)*Dir(n, -a)^2 - (a - 1)*Dir(n, a)^2 = 2, which is easily proved inductively using the recurrence Dir(n, a) = (1 + a)*(-1)^(n-1)*Dir(n-1, -a) + a*Dir(n-1, a) given below by Wolfdieter Lang. - Peter Bala, May 08 2025

			The triangle T(n,m) begins:
  n\m  0   1   2    3    4    5    6     7     8    9    10 ...
  0:   1
  1:   1   2
  2:  -1   2   4
  3:  -1  -4   4    8
  4:   1  -4 -12    8   16
  5:   1   6 -12  -32   16   32
  6:  -1   6  24  -32  -80   32   64
  7:  -1  -8  24   80  -80 -192   64   128
  8:   1  -8 -40   80  240 -192 -448   128   256
  9:   1  10 -40 -160  240  672 -448 -1024   256  512
  10: -1  10  60 -160 -560  672 1792 -1024 -2304  512  1024
  ...
Example for A-sequence recurrence: T(3,1) = Sum_{j=0..2} A(j)*T(2,j) = 2*(-1) + 0*2 + (-1/2)*4 = -4. Example for Z-sequence recurrence: T(4,0) = Sum_{j=0..3} Z(j)*T(3,j) = 1*(-1) + (-1)*(-4) + (1/2)*4 + (-1/2)*8 = +1. (For the A- and Z-sequences see a comment above.)
Example for the alternate recurrence: T(4,2) = 2*T(3,1) - T(3,2) = 2*(-4) - 4 = -12. T(4,3) = 0*T(3,2) + T(3,3) = T(3,3) = 8. - _Wolfdieter Lang_, Jul 30 2014

Wikipedia, Dirichlet kernel.

Dir(n, x) : A005408 (x = 1), A002878 (x = 3/2), A001834 (x = 2), A030221 (x = 5/2), A002315 (x = 3), A033890 (x = 7/2), A057080 (x = 4), A057081 (x = 9/2), A054320 (x = 5), A077416 (x = 6), A028230 (x = 7), A159678 (x = 8), A049629 (x = 9), A083043 (x = 10),
(-1)^n * Dir(n, x): A122367 (x = -3/2); A079935 (x = -2), A004253 (x = -5/2), A001653 (x = -3), A049685 (x = -7/2), A070997 (x = -4), A070998 (x = -9/2), A072256(n+1) (x = -5).
Cf. A180870 (row reversed), A157751, A228565, A049310, A053120, A057077, A004526, A008805, A058187, A189976, A189980, A005408, A033999.

T[n_, k_] := T[n, k] = Which[k == 0, (-1)^Quotient[n, 2], (0 <= n && n < k) || (n == -1 && k == 1), 0, True, 2 T[n-1, k-1] - T[n-2, k]];
Table[T[n, k], {n, 0, 11}, {k, 0, n}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Jun 28 2019, from Sage *)

def T(n, k):
    if k == 0: return (-1)^(n//2)
    if (0 <= n and n < k) or (n == -1 and k == 1): return 0
    return 2*T(n-1, k-1) - T(n-2, k)
for n in range(11): [T(n,k) for k in (0..n)] # Peter Luschny, Jul 29 2014

T(n, m) = [y^m] Dir(n,y) for n >= m >= 0 and 0 otherwise, with the polynomials Dir(y) defined in a comment above.
T(n, m) = 2^m*(S(n,m) + S(n-1,m)) with the entries S(n,m) of A049310 given there explicitly.
O.g.f. for polynomials Dir(y) see a comment above (Riordan triangle ((1+z)/(1+z^2), 2*z/(1+z^2))).
O.g.f. for column m: ((1 + x)/(1 + x^2))*(2*x/(1 + x^2))^m, m >= 0, (Riordan property).
Recurrence for the polynomials: Dir(n, y) = 2*y*Dir(n-1, y) - Dir(n-2, y), n >= 1, with input D(-1, y) = -1 and D(0, y) = 1.
Triangle three-term recurrence: T(n,m) = 2*T(n-1,m-1) - T(n-2,m) for n >= m >= 1 with T(n,m) = 0 if 0 <= n < m, T(0,0) = 1, T(-1,1) = 0 and T(n,0) = A057077(n) = (-1)^(floor(n/2)).
From Wolfdieter Lang, Jul 30 2014: (Start)
In analogy to A157751 one can derive a recurrence for the row polynomials Dir(n, y) = Sum_{m=0..n} T(n,m)*y^m also using a negative argument but only one recursive step: Dir(n,y) = (1+y)*(-1)^(n-1)*Dir(n-1,-y) + y*Dir(n-1,y), n >= 1, Dir(0,y) = 1 (Dir(-1,y) = -1). See also A180870 from where this formula can be derived by row reversion.
This entails another triangle recurrence T(n,m) = (1 + (-1)^(n-m))*T(n-1,m-1) - (-1)^(n-m)*T(n-1,m), for n >= m >= 1 with T(n,m) = 0 if n < m and T(n,0) = (-1)^floor(n/2). (End)
From Peter Bala, Aug 14 2022: (Start)
The row polynomials Dir(n,x), n >= 0, are related to the Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind T(n,x) by the binomial transform as follows:
(2^n)*(x - 1)^(n+1)*Dir(n,x) = (-1) * Sum_{k = 0..2*n+1} binomial(2*n+1,k)*T(k,-x).
Note that Sum_{k = 0..2*n} binomial(2*n,k)*T(k,x) = (2^n)*(1 + x)^n*T(n,x). (End)
From Peter Bala, May 04 2025: (Start)
For n >= 1, the n-th row polynomial Dir(n, x) = (-1)^n * (U(n, -x) - U(n-1, -x)) = U(2*n, sqrt((1+x)/2)), where U(n, x) denotes the n-th Chebyshev polynomial of the second kind.
For n >= 1 and x < 1, Dir(n, x) = (-1)^n * sqrt(2/(1 - x )) * T(2*n+1, sqrt((1 - x)/2)), where T(n, x) denotes the n-th Chebyshev polynomial of the first kind.
Dir(n, x)^2 - 2*x*Dir(n, x)*Dir(n+1, x) + Dir(n+1, x)^2 = 2*(1 + x).
Dir(n, x) = (-1)^n * R(n, -2*(x+1)), where R(n, x) is the n-th row polynomial of the triangle A085478.
Dir(n, x) = Sum_{k = 0..n} (-1)^(n+k) * binomial(n+k, 2*k) * (2*x + 2)^k. (End)

A098532 Sum of sixth powers of first n Fibonacci numbers.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 2, 66, 795, 16420, 278564, 5105373, 90871494, 1635675910, 29316316535, 526297607496, 9442398055752, 169448124595321, 3040546683808010, 54560921044808010, 979052407236876819, 17568407254504944748

Offset: 0

Benoit Cloitre, Sep 12 2004

G. C. Greubel, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..795
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature(13,104,-260,-260,104,13,-1).

Cf. A001654, A005968, A005969, A098531, A098533.

Cf. A119287, A000071, A001654, A005968, A005969, A098531, A098533, A128697.

[(Fibonacci(n)^5*Fibonacci(n+3) + Fibonacci(2*n))/4: n in [0..30]]; // G. C. Greubel, Jan 17 2018

Table[(Fibonacci[n]^5*Fibonacci[n+3] + Fibonacci[2*n])/4, {n,0,30}] (* G. C. Greubel, Jan 17 2018 *)

PARI
```
a(n)=sum(i=0,n,fibonacci(i)^6);
```

for(n=0,30, print1((fibonacci(n)^5*fibonacci(n+3) + fibonacci(2*n))/4, ", ")) \\ G. C. Greubel, Jan 17 2018

a(n) = (1/500)*(F(6*n+1) +3*F(6*n+2) -(-1)^n*(16*F(4*n+1)+8*F(4*n+2))-60*F(2*n+1) +120*F(2*n+2) -(-1)^n*40 ) where F(n)=A000045(n).
G.f.: x*(1-11*x-64*x^2-11*x^3+x^4)/((x+1)*(1-18*x+x^2)*(1-3*x+x^2)*(1+7*x+x^2)). - R. J. Mathar, Feb 26 2012
a(n) = -6*(-1)^n*A049685(n)/125 +3*A002878(n)/25 +A049629(n)/125 -2*(-1)^n/25. - R. J. Mathar, Feb 26 2012
a(n)= (F(n)^5 * F(n+3) + F(2*n))/4. - Gary Detlefs, Jan 05 2013

A002320 a(n) = 5*a(n-1) - a(n-2).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 3, 14, 67, 321, 1538, 7369, 35307, 169166, 810523, 3883449, 18606722, 89150161, 427144083, 2046570254, 9805707187, 46981965681, 225104121218, 1078538640409, 5167589080827, 24759406763726, 118629444737803

Offset: 0

Joe Keane (jgk(AT)jgk.org)

Together with A002310 these are the two sequences satisfying the requirement that (a(n)^2 + a(n-1)^2)/(1 - a(n)*a(n-1)) be an integer; in both cases this integer is -5. - Floor van Lamoen, Oct 26 2001

From a posting to Netnews group sci.math by ksbrown(AT)seanet.com (K. S. Brown) on Aug 15 1996.

Reinhard Zumkeller, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1000
Yurii S. Bystryk, Vitalii L. Denysenko, and Volodymyr I. Ostryk, Lune and Lens Sequences, ResearchGate preprint, 2024. See p. 44.
Tanya Khovanova, Recursive Sequences
MathPages, N = (x^2 + y^2)/(1+xy) is a Square
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (5,-1).

Cf. A054477.

a002320 n = a002320_list !! n
a002320_list = 1 : 3 :
   (zipWith (-) (map (* 5) (tail a002320_list)) a002320_list)
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Oct 16 2011

LinearRecurrence[{5,-1},{1,3},30] (* Harvey P. Dale, Nov 13 2014 *)

Sequences A002310, A002320 and A049685 have this in common: each one satisfies a(n+1) = (a(n)^2+5)/a(n-1) - Graeme McRae, Jan 30 2005
G.f.: (1-2x)/(1-5x+x^2). - Philippe Deléham, Nov 16 2008
a(n) = Sum_{k = 0..n} A238731(n,k)*2^k. - _Philippe Deléham, Mar 05 2014
E.g.f.: exp(5*x/2)*(sqrt(21)*cosh(sqrt(21)*x/2) + sinh(sqrt(21)*x/2))/sqrt(21). - Stefano Spezia, Jul 07 2025
From Peter Bala, Jul 07 2025: (Start)
a(n) = ( (4 + sqrt(21))*(5 - sqrt(21))^(n+1) - (4 - sqrt(21))*(5 + sqrt(21))^(n+1) )/(2^(n+1)*sqrt(21)).
Sum_{n >= 1} (-1)^(n+1)/(a(2*n) + 5/a(2*n)) = 1/15, since 5/(a(2*n) + 5/a(2*n)) = 1/a(2*n-1) + 1/a(2*n+1).
Sum_{n >= 1} (-1)^(n+1)/(a(2*n-1) + 5/a(2*n-1)) = 1/5, since 5/(a(2*n-1) + 5/a(2*n-1)) = 1/a(2*n-2) + 1/a(2*n). (End)

A002310 a(n) = 5*a(n-1) - a(n-2), with a(0) = 1 and a(1) = 2.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 9, 43, 206, 987, 4729, 22658, 108561, 520147, 2492174, 11940723, 57211441, 274116482, 1313370969, 6292738363, 30150320846, 144458865867, 692144008489, 3316261176578, 15889161874401, 76129548195427, 364758579102734, 1747663347318243, 8373558157488481, 40120127440124162

Offset: 0

Joe Keane (jgk(AT)jgk.org)

Together with A002320 these are the two sequences satisfying ( a(n)^2+a(n-1)^2 )/(1 - a(n)a(n-1)) is an integer, in both cases this integer is -5. - Floor van Lamoen, Oct 26 2001

Limit_{n->oo} a(n+1)/a(n) = (5 + sqrt(21))/2 = A107905. - Wolfdieter Lang, Nov 17 2023

From a posting to Netnews group sci.math by ksbrown(AT)seanet.com (K. S. Brown) on Aug 15 1996.

Reinhard Zumkeller, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..1000
Yurii S. Bystryk, Vitalii L. Denysenko, and Volodymyr I. Ostryk, Lune and Lens Sequences, ResearchGate preprint, 2024. See pp. 44, 56.
Margherita Maria Ferrari and Norma Zagaglia Salvi, Aperiodic Compositions and Classical Integer Sequences, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 20 (2017), Article 17.8.8.
Tanya Khovanova, Recursive Sequences
MathPages, N = (x^2 + y^2)/(1+xy) is a Square
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (5,-1).

Cf. A002310, A002320, A004254, A049310, A049685, A054477, A107905.

a002310 n = a002310_list !! n
a002310_list = 1 : 2 :
   (zipWith (-) (map (* 5) (tail a002310_list)) a002310_list)
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Oct 16 2011

LinearRecurrence[{5, -1}, {1, 2}, 25] (* T. D. Noe, Feb 22 2014 *)

Sequences A002310, A002320 and A049685 have this in common: each one satisfies a(n+1) = (a(n)^2+5)/a(n-1). - Graeme McRae, Jan 30 2005
G.f.: (1-3x)/(1-5x+x^2). - Philippe Deléham, Nov 16 2008
a(n) = S(n, 5) - 3*S(n-1, 5), for n >= 0, with the S-Chebyshev polynomial (see A049310) S(n, 5) = A004254(n+1). - Wolfdieter Lang, Nov 17 2023
E.g.f.: exp(5*x/2)*(21*cosh(sqrt(21)*x/2) - sqrt(21)*sinh(sqrt(21)*x/2))/21. - Stefano Spezia, Jul 07 2025

A180033 Eight white queens and one red queen on a 3 X 3 chessboard. G.f.: (1 + x)/(1 - 5x - 5x^2).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 6, 35, 205, 1200, 7025, 41125, 240750, 1409375, 8250625, 48300000, 282753125, 1655265625, 9690093750, 56726796875, 332084453125, 1944056250000, 11380703515625, 66623798828125, 390022511718750, 2283231552734375

Offset: 0

Johannes W. Meijer, Aug 09 2010

The a(n) represent the number of n-move routes of a fairy chess piece starting in the corner and side squares (m = 1, 3, 7, 9; 2, 4, 6, 8) on a 3 X 3 chessboard. This fairy chess piece behaves like a white queen on the eight side and corner squares but on the central square the queen explodes with fury and turns into a red queen, see A180032.
The sequence above corresponds to 56 red queen vectors, i.e., A[5] vector, with decimal values between 47 and 488. The central squares lead for these vectors to A057088.
Inverse binomial transform of A004187 (without the leading 0).
Equals the INVERT transform of A086347 and the INVERTi transform of A180167. - Gary W. Adamson, Aug 14 2010

Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..200
Jean-Paul Allouche, Jeffrey Shallit, and Manon Stipulanti, Combinatorics on words and generating Dirichlet series of automatic sequences, arXiv:2401.13524 [math.CO], 2025. See p. 14.
D. Birmajer, J. B. Gil, and M. D. Weiner, On the Enumeration of Restricted Words over a Finite Alphabet, J. Int. Seq. 19 (2016) # 16.1.3, Example 7.
Milan Janjic, On Linear Recurrence Equations Arising from Compositions of Positive Integers, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 18 (2015), Article 15.4.7.
Index entries for linear recurrences with constant coefficients, signature (5,5).

Cf. A057088, A180032.

Cf. A086347, A180167. - Gary W. Adamson, Aug 14 2010

I:=[1,6]; [n le 2 select I[n] else 5*Self(n-1)+5*Self(n-2): n in [1..30]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Nov 15 2011

with(LinearAlgebra): nmax:=20; m:=1; A[5]:= [0,0,0,1,0,1,1,1,1]: A:=Matrix([[0,1,1,1,1,0,1,0,1], [1,0,1,1,1,1,0,1,0], [1,1,0,0,1,1,1,0,1], [1,1,0,0,1,1,1,1,0], A[5], [0,1,1,1,1,0,0,1,1], [1,0,1,1,1,0,0,1,1], [0,1,0,1,1,1,1,0,1], [1,0,1,0,1,1,1,1,0]]): for n from 0 to nmax do B(n):=A^n: a(n):= add(B(n)[m,k],k=1..9): od: seq(a(n), n=0..nmax);

LinearRecurrence[{5,5},{1,6}, 30] (* Vincenzo Librandi, Nov 15 2011 *)

my(x='x+O('x^30)); Vec((1+x)/(1-5*x-5*x^2)) \\ G. C. Greubel, Apr 07 2019

((1+x)/(1-5*x-5*x^2)).series(x, 30).coefficients(x, sparse=False) # G. C. Greubel, Apr 07 2019

G.f.: (1+x)/(1 - 5*x - 5*x^2).
a(n) = 5*a(n-1) + 5*a(n-2) with a(0) = 1 and a(1) = 6.
a(n) = ((7+5*A)*A^(-n-1) + (7+5*B)*B^(-n-1))/45 with A = (-5+3*sqrt(5))/10 and B = (-5-3*sqrt(5))/10.
Limit_{k->oo} a(n+k)/a(k) = 2*5^(n/2)/(L(2*n) - F(2*n)*sqrt(5)) with L(n) = A000032(n) and F(n) = A000045(n).
Limit_{k->oo} a(2*n+k)/a(k) = 2*A000351(n)/(A056854(n) - 3*A004187(n)*sqrt(5)) for n >= 1.
Limit_{k->oo} a(2*n-1+k)/a(k) = 2*A000351(n)/(3*A049685(n-1)*sqrt(5) - 5*A033890(n-1)) for n >= 1.
a(n) = A057088(n+1)/5. a(2*n) = 5^n*F(4*(n+1))/3, a(2*n+1) = 5^n*L(2*(2*n+3))/3. - Ehren Metcalfe, Apr 04 2019
E.g.f.: exp(5*x/2)*(15*cosh(3*sqrt(5)*x/2) + 7*sqrt(5)*sinh(3*sqrt(5)*x/2))/15. - Stefano Spezia, Mar 17 2025

A074304 Numbers k such that Lucas(2k)/3 is prime.

Original entry on oeis.org

5, 7, 13, 19, 31, 43, 89, 101, 229, 293, 457, 541, 653, 659, 1553, 2003, 2707, 2749, 7159, 10289, 26267, 59581, 63421, 80911

Offset: 1

Shane Findley, Sep 21 2002

Some of the larger entries may only correspond to probable primes.

Ron Knott, The Mathematics of the Fibonacci series.
Ron Knott, Pi and the Fibonacci Numbers.

Cf. A049685, A074281, A355980.

a(n) = 2*A355980(n) + 1. - Jinyuan Wang, Jul 22 2022

More terms found by David Broadhurst, Bouk de Water, and Shane Findley, Oct 31 2002

a(22)-a(24) from Michael S. Branicky, Nov 05 2024

cp's OEIS Frontend

A299045 Rectangular array: A(n,k) = Sum_{j=0..k} (-1)^floor(j/2)*binomial(k-floor((j+1)/2), floor(j/2))*(-n)^(k-j), n >= 1, k >= 0, read by antidiagonals.

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A165253 Triangle T(n,k), read by rows given by [1,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,...] DELTA [0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,...] where DELTA is the operator defined in A084938.

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A160682 The list of the A values in the common solutions to 13*k+1 = A^2 and 17*k+1 = B^2.

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A133607 Triangle read by rows: T(n, k) = qStirling2(n, k, q) for q = -1, with 0 <= k <= n.

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A244419 Coefficient triangle of polynomials related to the Dirichlet kernel. Rising powers. Riordan triangle ((1+z)/(1+z^2), 2*z/(1+z^2)).

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A098532 Sum of sixth powers of first n Fibonacci numbers.

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A002320 a(n) = 5*a(n-1) - a(n-2).

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A299045 Rectangular array: A(n,k) = Sum_{j=0..k} (-1)^floor(j/2)binomial(k-floor((j+1)/2), floor(j/2))(-n)^(k-j), n >= 1, k >= 0, read by antidiagonals.

A160682 The list of the A values in the common solutions to 13k+1 = A^2 and 17k+1 = B^2.

A180033 Eight white queens and one red queen on a 3 X 3 chessboard. G.f.: (1 + x)/(1 - 5x - 5x^2).