A013988 -id:A013988 - cp's OEIS frontend

A144268 Partition number array, called M32(-5), related to A013988(n,m)= |S2(-5;n,m)| ( generalized Stirling triangle).

1, 5, 1, 55, 15, 1, 935, 220, 75, 30, 1, 21505, 4675, 2750, 550, 375, 50, 1, 623645, 129030, 70125, 30250, 14025, 16500, 1875, 1100, 1125, 75, 1, 21827575, 4365515, 2258025, 1799875, 451605, 490875, 211750, 144375, 32725, 57750, 13125, 1925, 2625, 105, 1, 894930575

Offset: 1

Wolfdieter Lang, Oct 09 2008

Each partition of n, ordered as in Abramowitz-Stegun (A-St order; for the reference see A134278), is mapped to a nonnegative integer a(n,k)=:M32(-5;n,k) with the k-th partition of n in A-St order.
The sequence of row lengths is A000041 (partition numbers) [1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 15, 22, 30, 42, ...].
a(n,k) enumerates special unordered forests related to the k-th partition of n in the A-St order. The k-th partition of n is given by the exponents enk =(e(n,k,1),...,e(n,k,n)) of 1,2,...n. The number of parts is m = sum(e(n,k,j),j=1..n). The special (enk)-forest is composed of m rooted increasing (r+4)-ary trees if the outdegree is r >= 0.
If M32(-5;n,k) is summed over those k with fixed number of parts m one obtains triangle A013988(n,m)= |S2(-5;n,m)|, a generalization of Stirling numbers of the second kind. For S2(K;n,m), K from the integers, see the reference under A035342.

			a(4,3)=75. The relevant partition of 4 is (2^2). The 75 unordered (0,2,0,0)-forests are composed of the following 2 rooted increasing trees 1--2,3--4; 1--3,2--4 and 1--4,2--3. The trees are 5-ary because r=1 vertices are 5-ary and for the leaves (r=0) the arity does not matter. Each of the three differently labeled forests comes therefore in 5^2=25 versions due to the two 5-ary root vertices.

W. Lang, First 10 rows of the array and more.
W. Lang, Combinatorial Interpretation of Generalized Stirling Numbers, J. Int. Seqs. Vol. 12 (2009) 09.3.3.

Cf. A144267 (M32(-4) array).

a(n,k)= (n!/product(e(n,k,j)!*j!^(e(n,k,j),j=1..n))*product(|S2(-5,j,1)|^e(n,k,j),j=1..n) = M3(n,k)*product(|S2(-5,j,1)|^e(n,k,j),j=1..n), with |S2(-5,n,1)|= A008543(n-1) = (6*n-7)(!^6) (6-factorials) for n>=2 and 1 if n=1 and the exponent e(n,k,j) of j in the k-th partition of n in the A-St ordering of the partitions of n. Exponents 0 can be omitted due to 0!=1. M3(n,k):= A036040(n,k), k=1..p(n), p(n):= A000041(n).

A144349 Second column (m=2) of triangle S2p(-5) = A013988.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 15, 295, 7425, 229405, 8423415, 358764175, 17398082625, 946762033525, 57141470006775, 3788581132110775, 273749937606770625, 21411992601604730125, 1802522188780330392375, 162501272634914703865375, 15620379109661843174282625, 1594837561754271113467313125

Offset: 0

Wolfdieter Lang, Oct 09 2008

Cf. A013988, A008543(n-1) (m=1 column), A144350 (m=3 column).

a(n) = A013988(n+2,2), n>=0.

A144350 Third column (m=3) of triangle S2p(-5) = A013988.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 30, 925, 32400, 1298605, 59069010, 3016869625, 171258433500, 10708492743025, 731776512817350, 54281160516507925, 4344836976344865000, 373343787685538795125, 34283431717422205568250, 3350860422355179821712625, 347355560922824645523832500

Offset: 0

Wolfdieter Lang, Oct 09 2008

Cf. A013988, A144349 (m=2 column).

a(n) = A013988(n+3,3), n>=0.

A105278 Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) = binomial(n,k)*(n-1)!/(k-1)!.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 1, 6, 6, 1, 24, 36, 12, 1, 120, 240, 120, 20, 1, 720, 1800, 1200, 300, 30, 1, 5040, 15120, 12600, 4200, 630, 42, 1, 40320, 141120, 141120, 58800, 11760, 1176, 56, 1, 362880, 1451520, 1693440, 846720, 211680, 28224, 2016, 72, 1, 3628800, 16329600

Offset: 1

Miklos Kristof, Apr 25 2005

T(n,k) is the number of partially ordered sets (posets) on n elements that consist entirely of k chains. For example, T(4, 3)=12 since there are exactly 12 posets on {a,b,c,d} that consist entirely of 3 chains. Letting ab denote a<=b and using a slash "/" to separate chains, the 12 posets can be given by a/b/cd, a/b/dc, a/c/bd, a/c/db, a/d/bc, a/d/cb, b/c/ad, b/c/da, b/d/ac, b/d/ca, c/d/ab and c/d/ba, where the listing of the chains is arbitrary (e.g., a/b/cd = a/cd/b =...cd/b/a). - Dennis P. Walsh, Feb 22 2007
Also the matrix product |S1|.S2 of Stirling numbers of both kinds.
This Lah triangle is a lower triangular matrix of the Jabotinsky type. See the column e.g.f. and the D. E. Knuth reference given in A008297. - Wolfdieter Lang, Jun 29 2007
The infinitesimal matrix generator of this matrix is given in A132710. See A111596 for an interpretation in terms of circular binary words and generalized factorials. - Tom Copeland, Nov 22 2007
Three combinatorial interpretations: T(n,k) is (1) the number of ways to split [n] = {1,...,n} into a collection of k nonempty lists ("partitions into sets of lists"), (2) the number of ways to split [n] into an ordered collection of n+1-k nonempty sets that are noncrossing ("partitions into lists of noncrossing sets"), (3) the number of Dyck n-paths with n+1-k peaks labeled 1,2,...,n+1-k in some order. - David Callan, Jul 25 2008
Given matrices A and B with A(n,k) = T(n,k)*a(n-k) and B(n,k) = T(n,k)*b(n-k), then A*B = D where D(n,k) = T(n,k)*[a(.)+b(.)]^(n-k), umbrally. - Tom Copeland, Aug 21 2008
An e.g.f. for the row polynomials of A(n,k) = T(n,k)*a(n-k) is exp[a(.)* D_x * x^2] exp(x*t) = exp(x*t) exp[(.)!*Lag(.,-x*t,1)*a(.)*x], umbrally, where [(.)! Lag(.,x,1)]^n = n! Lag(n,x,1) is a normalized Laguerre polynomial of order 1. - Tom Copeland, Aug 29 2008
Triangle of coefficients from the Bell polynomial of the second kind for f = 1/(1-x). B(n,k){x1,x2,x3,...} = B(n,k){1/(1-x)^2,...,(j-1)!/(1-x)^j,...} = T(n,k)/(1-x)^(n+k). - Vladimir Kruchinin, Mar 04 2011
The triangle, with the row and column offset taken as 0, is the generalized Riordan array (exp(x), x) with respect to the sequence n!*(n+1)! as defined by Wang and Wang (the generalized Riordan array (exp(x), x) with respect to the sequence n! is Pascal's triangle A007318, and with respect to the sequence n!^2 is A021009 unsigned). - Peter Bala, Aug 15 2013
For a relation to loop integrals in QCD, see p. 33 of Gopakumar and Gross and Blaizot and Nowak. - Tom Copeland, Jan 18 2016
Also the Bell transform of (n+1)!. For the definition of the Bell transform see A264428. - Peter Luschny, Jan 27 2016
Also the number of k-dimensional flats of the n-dimensional Shi arrangement. - Shuhei Tsujie, Apr 26 2019
The numbers T(n,k) appear as coefficients when expanding the rising factorials (x)^k = x(x+1)...(x+k-1) in the basis of falling factorials (x)k = x(x-1)...(x-k+1). Specifically, (x)^n = Sum{k=1..n} T(n,k) (x)k. - _Jeremy L. Martin, Apr 21 2021

			T(1,1) = C(1,1)*0!/0! = 1,
T(2,1) = C(2,1)*1!/0! = 2,
T(2,2) = C(2,2)*1!/1! = 1,
T(3,1) = C(3,1)*2!/0! = 6,
T(3,2) = C(3,2)*2!/1! = 6,
T(3,3) = C(3,3)*2!/2! = 1,
Sheffer a-sequence recurrence: T(6,2)= 1800 = (6/3)*120 + 6*240.
B(n,k) =
   1/(1-x)^2;
   2/(1-x)^3,  1/(1-x)^4;
   6/(1-x)^4,  6/(1-x)^5,  1/(1-x)^6;
  24/(1-x)^5, 36/(1-x)^6, 12/(1-x)^7, 1/(1-x)^8;
The triangle T(n,k) begins:
  n\k      1       2       3      4      5     6    7  8  9 ...
  1:       1
  2:       2       1
  3:       6       6       1
  4:      24      36      12      1
  5:     120     240     120     20      1
  6:     720    1800    1200    300     30     1
  7:    5040   15120   12600   4200    630    42    1
  8:   40320  141120  141120  58800  11760  1176   56  1
  9:  362880 1451520 1693440 846720 211680 28224 2016 72  1
  ...
Row n=10: [3628800, 16329600, 21772800, 12700800, 3810240, 635040, 60480, 3240, 90, 1]. - _Wolfdieter Lang_, Feb 01 2013
From _Peter Bala_, Feb 24 2025: (Start)
The array factorizes as an infinite product (read from right to left):
  /  1                \        /1             \^m /1           \^m /1           \^m
  |  2    1            |      | 0   1          |  |0  1         |  |1  1         |
  |  6    6   1        | = ...| 0   0   1      |  |0  1  1      |  |0  2  1      |
  | 24   36  12   1    |      | 0   0   1  1   |  |0  0  2  1   |  |0  0  3  1   |
  |120  240 120  20   1|      | 0   0   0  2  1|  |0  0  0  3  1|  |0  0  0  4  1|
  |...                 |      |...             |  |...          |  |...          |
where m = 2. Cf. A008277 (m = 1), A035342 (m = 3), A035469 (m = 4), A049029 (m = 5) A049385 (m = 6), A092082 (m = 7), A132056 (m = 8), A223511 - A223522 (m = 9 through 20), A001497 (m = -1), A004747 (m = -2), A000369 (m = -3), A011801 (m = -4), A013988 (m = -5). (End)

Reinhard Zumkeller, Rows n = 1..100 of triangle, flattened
Peter Bala, Factorising (r,b)-Stirling arrays
J. Fernando Barbero G., Jesús Salas, and Eduardo J. S. Villaseñor, Bivariate Generating Functions for a Class of Linear Recurrences. I. General Structure, arXiv:1307.2010 [math.CO], 2013.
Paul Barry, Eulerian polynomials as moments, via exponential Riordan arrays, arXiv preprint arXiv:1105.3043 [math.CO], 2011, J. Int. Seq. 14 (2011) # 11.9.5
Jean-Paul Blaizot and Maciej A. Nowak, Large N_c confinement and turbulence, arXiv:0801.1859 [hep-th], 2008.
David Callan, Sets, Lists and Noncrossing Partitions, arXiv:0711.4841 [math.CO], 2007-2008.
Pietro Codara, Ottavio M. D'Antona, and Pavol Hell, A simple combinatorial interpretation of certain generalized Bell and Stirling numbers, arXiv preprint arXiv:1308.1700 [cs.DM], 2013.
Tom Copeland, Mathemagical Forests, Addendum to Mathemagical Forests, The Inverse Mellin Transform, Bell Polynomials, a Generalized Dobinski Relation, and the Confluent Hypergeometric Functions, A Class of Differential Operators and the Stirling Numbers
Siad Daboul, Jan Mangaldan, Michael Z. Spivey and Peter Taylor, The Lah Numbers and the n-th Derivative of exp(1/x), Math. Mag., 86 (2013), 39-47.
Bérénice Delcroix-Oger and Clément Dupont, Lie-operads and operadic modules from poset cohomology, arXiv:2505.06094 [math.CO], 2025. See p. 33.
G. H. E. Duchamp et al., Feynman graphs and related Hopf algebras, J. Phys. (Conf Ser) 30 (2006) 107-118.
Rajesh Gopakumar and David J. Gross, Mastering the master field, arXiv:hep-th/9411021, 1994.
Gábor Hetyei, Meixner polynomials of the second kind and quantum algebras representing su(1,1), arXiv preprint arXiv:0909.4352 [math.QA], 2009, p. 4. - From _Tom Copeland_, Oct 01 2015
Milan Janjic, Some classes of numbers and derivatives, JIS 12 (2009) 09.8.3.
Donald E. Knuth, Convolution polynomials, The Mathematica J., 2 (1992), 67-78.
Shi-Mei Ma, Some combinatorial sequences associated with context-free grammars, arXiv:1208.3104v2 [math.CO], 2012. - From _N. J. A. Sloane_, Aug 21 2012
MacTutor History of Mathematics archive: Biography of Ivo Lah.
Robert S. Maier, Boson Operator Ordering Identities from Generalized Stirling and Eulerian Numbers, arXiv:2308.10332 [math.CO], 2023. See p. 19.
Norihiro Nakashima and Shuhei Tsujie, Enumeration of Flats of the Extended Catalan and Shi Arrangements with Species, arXiv:1904.09748 [math.CO], 2019. See p. 18.
Michael Penn, Lah Numbers and an appearance of exponential generating functions, YouTube video, 2025.
Mathias Pétréolle and Alan D. Sokal, Lattice paths and branched continued fractions. II. Multivariate Lah polynomials and Lah symmetric functions, arXiv:1907.02645 [math.CO], 2019. See p. 4.
Tilman Piesk, Illustration of the first four rows
Kornelia Ufniarz and Grzegorz Siudem, Combinatorial origins of the canonical ensemble, arXiv:2008.00244 [math-ph], 2020. See p. 5.
Weiping Wang and Tianming Wang, Generalized Riordan arrays, Discrete Mathematics, Vol. 308, No. 24, 6466-6500.
Wikipedia, Lah number

Cf. A000262, A103194, A105220.
Triangle of Lah numbers (A008297) unsigned.
Cf. A111596 (signed triangle with extra n=0 row and m=0 column).
Cf. A130561 (for a natural refinement).
Cf. A094638 (for differential operator representation).
Cf. A248045 (central terms), A002868 (row maxima).
Cf, A059110.
Cf. A001263, A008277.
Cf. A089231 (triangle with mirrored rows).
Cf. A271703 (triangle with extra n=0 row and m=0 column).

Flat(List([1..10],n->List([1..n],k->Binomial(n,k)*Factorial(n-1)/Factorial(k-1)))); # Muniru A Asiru, Jul 25 2018

a105278 n k = a105278_tabl !! (n-1) !! (k-1)
a105278_row n = a105278_tabl !! (n-1)
a105278_tabl = [1] : f [1] 2 where
   f xs i = ys : f ys (i + 1) where
     ys = zipWith (+) ([0] ++ xs) (zipWith (*) [i, i + 1 ..] (xs ++ [0]))
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Sep 30 2014, Mar 18 2013

/* As triangle */ [[Binomial(n,k)*Factorial(n-1)/Factorial(k-1): k in [1..n]]: n in [1.. 15]]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Oct 31 2014

The triangle: for n from 1 to 13 do seq(binomial(n,k)*(n-1)!/(k-1)!,k=1..n) od;
the sequence: seq(seq(binomial(n,k)*(n-1)!/(k-1)!,k=1..n),n=1..13);
# The function BellMatrix is defined in A264428.
# Adds (1, 0, 0, 0, ...) as column 0.
BellMatrix(n -> (n+1)!, 9); # Peter Luschny, Jan 27 2016

nn = 9; a = x/(1 - x); f[list_] := Select[list, # > 0 &]; Flatten[Map[f, Drop[Range[0, nn]! CoefficientList[Series[Exp[y a], {x, 0, nn}], {x, y}], 1]]] (* Geoffrey Critzer, Dec 11 2011 *)
nn = 9; Flatten[Table[(j - k)! Binomial[j, k] Binomial[j - 1, k - 1], {j, nn}, {k, j}]] (* Jan Mangaldan, Mar 15 2013 *)
rows = 10;
t = Range[rows]!;
T[n_, k_] := BellY[n, k, t];
Table[T[n, k], {n, 1, rows}, {k, 1, n}] // Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Jun 23 2018, after Peter Luschny *)
T[n_, n_] := 1; T[n_, k_] /;0Oliver Seipel, Dec 06 2024 *)

use ntheory ":all"; say join ", ", map { my $n=$; map { stirling($n,$,3) } 1..$n; } 1..9; # Dana Jacobsen, Mar 16 2017

T(n,k) = Sum_{m=n..k} |S1(n,m)|*S2(m,k), k>=n>=1, with Stirling triangles S2(n,m):=A048993 and S1(n,m):=A048994.
T(n,k) = C(n,k)*(n-1)!/(k-1)!.
Sum_{k=1..n} T(n,k) = A000262(n).
n*Sum_{k=1..n} T(n,k) = A103194(n) = Sum_{k=1..n} T(n,k)*k^2.
E.g.f. column k: (x^(k-1)/(1-x)^(k+1))/(k-1)!, k>=1.
Recurrence from Sheffer (here Jabotinsky) a-sequence [1,1,0,...] (see the W. Lang link under A006232): T(n,k)=(n/k)*T(n-1,m-1) + n*T(n-1,m). - Wolfdieter Lang, Jun 29 2007
The e.g.f. is, umbrally, exp[(.)!* L(.,-t,1)*x] = exp[t*x/(1-x)]/(1-x)^2 where L(n,t,1) = Sum_{k=0..n} T(n+1,k+1)*(-t)^k = Sum_{k=0..n} binomial(n+1,k+1)* (-t)^k / k! is the associated Laguerre polynomial of order 1. - Tom Copeland, Nov 17 2007
For this Lah triangle, the n-th row polynomial is given umbrally by
  n! C(B.(x)+1+n,n) = (-1)^n C(-B.(x)-2,n), where C(x,n)=x!/(n!(x-n)!),
  the binomial coefficient, and B_n(x)= exp(-x)(xd/dx)^n exp(x), the n-th Bell / Touchard / exponential polynomial (cf. A008277). E.g.,
  2! C(-B.(-x)-2,2) = (-B.(x)-2)(-B.(x)-3) = B_2(x) + 5*B_1(x) + 6 = 6 + 6x + x^2.
  n! C(B.(x)+1+n,n) = n! e^(-x) Sum_{j>=0} C(j+1+n,n)x^j/j! is a corresponding Dobinski relation. See the Copeland link for the relation to inverse Mellin transform. - Tom Copeland, Nov 21 2011
The row polynomials are given by D^n(exp(x*t)) evaluated at x = 0, where D is the operator (1+x)^2*d/dx. Cf. A008277 (D = (1+x)*d/dx), A035342 (D = (1+x)^3*d/dx), A035469 (D = (1+x)^4*d/dx) and A049029 (D = (1+x)^5*d/dx). - Peter Bala, Nov 25 2011
T(n,k) = Sum_{i=k..n} A130534(n-1,i-1)*A008277(i,k). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Mar 18 2013
Let E(x) = Sum_{n >= 0} x^n/(n!*(n+1)!). Then a generating function is exp(t)*E(x*t) = 1 + (2 + x)*t + (6 + 6*x + x^2)*t^2/(2!*3!) + (24 + 36*x + 12*x^2 + x^3)*t^3/(3!*4!) + ... . - Peter Bala, Aug 15 2013
P_n(x) = L_n(1+x) = n!*Lag_n(-(1+x);1), where P_n(x) are the row polynomials of A059110; L_n(x), the Lah polynomials of A105278; and Lag_n(x;1), the Laguerre polynomials of order 1. These relations follow from the relation between the iterated operator (x^2 D)^n and ((1+x)^2 D)^n with D = d/dx. - Tom Copeland, Jul 23 2018
Dividing each n-th diagonal by n!, where the main diagonal is n=1, generates the Narayana matrix A001263. - Tom Copeland, Sep 23 2020
T(n,k) = A089231(n,n-k). - Ron L.J. van den Burg, Dec 12 2021
T(n,k) = T(n-1,k-1) + (n+k-1)*T(n-1,k). - Bérénice Delcroix-Oger, Jun 25 2025

Stirling comments and e.g.f.s from Wolfdieter Lang, Apr 11 2007

A008543 Sextuple factorial numbers: Product_{k=0..n-1} (6*k + 5).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 5, 55, 935, 21505, 623645, 21827575, 894930575, 42061737025, 2229272062325, 131527051677175, 8549258359016375, 606997343490162625, 46738795448742522125, 3879320022245629336375, 345259481979861010937375, 32799650788086796039050625, 3312764729596766399944113125

Offset: 0

Joe Keane (jgk(AT)jgk.org)

Vincenzo Librandi, Table of n, a(n) for n = 0..300
Wolfdieter Lang, On generalizations of Stirling number triangles, J. Integer Seqs., Vol. 3 (2000), Article 00.2.4.

a(n) = A013988(n+1, 1) (first column of triangle).

Cf. A004994, A034787, A049308, A047058, A048994, A051151.

[Round(6^n*Gamma(n+5/6)/Gamma(5/6)): n in [0..20]]; // G. C. Greubel, Dec 03 2019

Maple
```
f := n->product( (6*k-1),k=0..n);
```

FoldList[Times,1,6Range[0,15]+5]  (* Harvey P. Dale, Feb 20 2011 *)
Table[6^n*Pochhammer[5/6, n], {n, 0, 20}] (* G. C. Greubel, Dec 03 2019 *)
CoefficientList[Series[(1 - 6x)^(-5/6), {x, 0, 20}], x] Range[0, 20]! (* Nikolaos Pantelidis, Jan 31 2023 *)

a(n)=prod(k=1,n,6*k-1) \\ Charles R Greathouse IV, Aug 17 2011

[6^n*rising_factorial(5/6, n) for n in (0..20)] # G. C. Greubel, Dec 03 2019

a(n) = 5*A034787(n) = (6*n-1)(!^6), n >= 1, a(0) := 1.
E.g.f.: (1 - 6*x)^(-5/6).
a(n) ~ 2^(1/2)*Pi^(1/2)*Gamma(5/6)^-1*n^(1/3)*6^n*e^-n*n^n*(1 + (1/72)*n^-1 + ...). - Joe Keane (jgk(AT)jgk.org), Nov 24 2001
G.f.: 1/(1-5x/(1-6x/(1-11x/(1-12x/(1-17x/(1-18x/(1-23x/(1-24x/(1-... (continued fraction). - Philippe Deléham, Jan 08 2012
a(n) = (-1)^n*Sum_{k=0..n} 6^k*s(n+1,n+1-k), where s(n,k) are the Stirling numbers of the first kind, A048994. - Mircea Merca, May 03 2012
G.f.: (1 - 1/Q(0))/x where Q(k) = 1 - x*(6*k-1)/(1 - x*(6*k+6)/Q(k+1)); (continued fraction). - Sergei N. Gladkovskii, Mar 20 2013
a(n) = 6^n * Gamma(n+5/6) / Gamma(5/6). - Vaclav Kotesovec, Jan 28 2015
D-finite with recurrence: a(n) +(-6*n+1)*a(n-1)=0. - R. J. Mathar, Jan 17 2020
From Nikolaos Pantelidis, May 22 2022: (Start)
G.f.: 1/G(0), where G(k) = 1 - (12*k+5)*x - 6*(k+1)*(6*k+5)*x^2/G(k+1) (a continued fraction);
which starts 1/(1-5*x-30*x^2/(1-17*x-132*x^2/(1-29*x-306*x^2/(1-41*x-552*x^2/(1-53*x-870*x^2/(1-65*x-1260*x^2/(1-...))))))) (a Jacobi continued fraction).
(End)
Sum_{n>=0} 1/a(n) = 1 + (e/6)^(1/6)*(Gamma(5/6) - Gamma(5/6, 1/6)). - Amiram Eldar, Dec 18 2022

A004747 Triangle read by rows: the Bell transform of the triple factorial numbers A008544 without column 0.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 1, 10, 6, 1, 80, 52, 12, 1, 880, 600, 160, 20, 1, 12320, 8680, 2520, 380, 30, 1, 209440, 151200, 46480, 7840, 770, 42, 1, 4188800, 3082240, 987840, 179760, 20160, 1400, 56, 1, 96342400, 71998080, 23826880, 4583040, 562800, 45360, 2352, 72, 1

Offset: 1

Wolfdieter Lang

Previous name was: Triangle of numbers related to triangle A048966; generalization of Stirling numbers of second kind A008277, Bessel triangle A001497.
T(n,m) = S2p(-2; n,m), a member of a sequence of triangles including S2p(-1; n,m) = A001497(n-1,m-1) (Bessel triangle) and ((-1)^(n-m))*S2p(1; n,m) = A008277(n, m) (Stirling 2nd kind). T(n,1)= A008544(n-1).
T(n,m), n>=m>=1, enumerates unordered n-vertex m-forests composed of m plane (aka ordered) increasing (rooted) trees where vertices of out-degree r>=0 come in r+1 different types (like an (r+1)-ary vertex). Proof from the e.g.f. of the first column Y(z) = 1 - (1-3*x)^(1/3) and the F. Bergeron et al. eq. (8) Y'(z)= phi(Y(z)), Y(0) = 0, with out-degree o.g.f. phi(w)=1/(1-w)^2. - Wolfdieter Lang, Oct 12 2007
Also the Bell transform of the triple factorial numbers A008544 which adds a first column (1,0,0 ...) on the left side of the triangle. For the definition of the Bell transform see A264428. See A051141 for the triple factorial numbers A032031 and A203412 for the triple factorial numbers A007559 as well as A039683 and A132062 for the case of double factorial numbers. - Peter Luschny, Dec 21 2015

			Triangle begins:
       1;
       2,      1;
      10,      6,     1;
      80,     52,    12,    1;
     880,    600,   160,   20,   1;
   12320,   8680,  2520,  380,  30,  1;
  209440, 151200, 46480, 7840, 770, 42, 1;
Tree combinatorics for T(3,2)=6: Consider first the unordered forest of m=2 plane trees with n=3 vertices, namely one vertex with out-degree r=0 (root) and two different trees with two vertices (one root with out-degree r=1 and a leaf with r=0). The 6 increasing labelings come then from the forest with rooted (x) trees x, o-x (1,(3,2)), (2,(3,1)) and (3,(2,1)) and similarly from the second forest x, x-o (1,(2,3)), (2,(1,3)) and (3,(1,2)).

G. C. Greubel, Rows n = 1..50 of the triangle, flattened
F. Bergeron, Ph. Flajolet and B. Salvy, Varieties of increasing trees, Lecture Notes in Computer Science vol. 581, ed. J.-C. Raoult, Springer 1992, pp. 24-48.
P. Blasiak, K. A. Penson and A. I. Solomon, The general boson normal ordering problem, arXiv:quant-ph/0402027, 2004.
Richell O. Celeste, Roberto B. Corcino, and Ken Joffaniel M. Gonzales. Two Approaches to Normal Order Coefficients, Journal of Integer Sequences, Vol. 20 (2017), Article 17.3.5.
Tom Copeland, A Class of Differential Operators and the Stirling Numbers
Milan Janjic, Some classes of numbers and derivatives, JIS 12 (2009) #09.8.3.
Wolfdieter Lang, On generalizations of Stirling number triangles, J. Integer Seqs., Vol. 3 (2000), #00.2.4.
Wolfdieter Lang, Combinatorial Interpretation of Generalized Stirling Numbers, J. Int. Seqs. Vol. 12 (2009) #09.3.3.
Mathias Pétréolle and Alan D. Sokal, Lattice paths and branched continued fractions. II. Multivariate Lah polynomials and Lah symmetric functions, arXiv:1907.02645 [math.CO], 2019.
Index entries for sequences related to Bessel functions or polynomials

Cf. A015735 (row sums).
Cf. A007559, A008277, A008544, A032031, A039683.
Cf. A048966, A051141, A132062, A203412, A264428.
Triangles with the recurrence T(n,k) = (m*(n-1)-k)*T(n-1,k) + T(n-1,k-1): A010054 (m=1), A001497 (m=2), this sequence (m=3), A000369 (m=4), A011801 (m=5), A013988 (m=6).

function T(n,k) // T = A004747
  if k eq 0 then return 0;
  elif k eq n then return 1;
  else return (3*(n-1)-k)*T(n-1,k) + T(n-1,k-1);
  end if;
end function;
[T(n,k): k in [1..n], n in [1..12]]; // G. C. Greubel, Oct 03 2023

T := (n, m) -> 3^n/m!*(1/3*m*GAMMA(n-1/3)*hypergeom([1-1/3*m, 2/3-1/3*m, 1/3-1/3*m], [2/3, 4/3-n], 1)/GAMMA(2/3)-1/6*m*(m-1)*GAMMA(n-2/3)*hypergeom( [1-1/3*m, 2/3-1/3*m, 4/3-1/3*m], [4/3, 5/3-n], 1)/Pi*3^(1/2)*GAMMA(2/3)):
for n from 1 to 6 do seq(simplify(T(n,k)),k=1..n) od;
# Karol A. Penson, Feb 06 2004
# The function BellMatrix is defined in A264428.
# Adds (1,0,0,0, ..) as column 0.
BellMatrix(n -> mul(3*k+2, k=(0..n-1)), 9); # Peter Luschny, Jan 29 2016

(* First program *)
T[1,1]= 1; T[, 0]= 0; T[0, ]= 0; T[n_, m_]:= (3*(n-1)-m)*T[n-1, m]+T[n-1, m-1];
Flatten[Table[T[n, m], {n,12}, {m,n}] ][[1 ;; 45]] (* Jean-François Alcover, Jun 16 2011, after recurrence *)
(* Second program *)
f[n_, m_]:= m/n Sum[Binomial[k, n-m-k] 3^k (-1)^(n-m-k) Binomial[n+k-1, n-1], {k, 0, n-m}]; Table[n! f[n, m]/(m! 3^(n-m)), {n,12}, {m,n}]//Flatten (* Michael De Vlieger, Dec 23 2015 *)
(* Third program *)
rows = 12;
T[n_, m_]:= BellY[n, m, Table[Product[3k+2, {k, 0, j-1}], {j, 0, rows}]];
Table[T[n, m], {n,rows}, {m,n}]//Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Jun 22 2018 *)

# uses [bell_transform from A264428]
triplefactorial = lambda n: prod(3*k+2 for k in (0..n-1))
def A004747_row(n):
    trifact = [triplefactorial(k) for k in (0..n)]
    return bell_transform(n, trifact)
[A004747_row(n) for n in (0..10)] # Peter Luschny, Dec 21 2015

T(n, m) = n!*A048966(n, m)/(m!*3^(n-m));

T(n+1, m) = (3*n-m)*T(n, m)+ T(n, m-1), for n >= m >= 1, with T(n, m) = 0, for n

E.g.f. of m-th column: ( 1 - (1-3*x)^(1/3) )^m/m!.

Sum_{k=1..n} T(n, k) = A015735(n).

For a formula expressed as special values of hypergeometric functions 3F2 see the Maple program below. - Karol A. Penson, Feb 06 2004

T(n,1) = A008544(n-1). - Peter Luschny, Dec 23 2015

New name from Peter Luschny, Dec 21 2015

A011801 Triangle read by rows, the inverse Bell transform of n!*binomial(4,n) (without column 0).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 4, 1, 36, 12, 1, 504, 192, 24, 1, 9576, 3960, 600, 40, 1, 229824, 100656, 17160, 1440, 60, 1, 6664896, 3048192, 563976, 54600, 2940, 84, 1, 226606464, 107255232, 21095424, 2256576, 142800, 5376, 112, 1, 8837652096, 4302305280, 887785920, 102332160, 7254576, 325584, 9072, 144, 1

Offset: 1

Wolfdieter Lang

Previous name was: Triangle of numbers related to triangle A049223; generalization of Stirling numbers of second kind A008277, Bessel triangle A001497.
T(n, m) = S2p(-4; n,m), a member of a sequence of triangles including S2p(-1; n,m) = A001497(n-1,m-1) (Bessel triangle) and ((-1)^(n-m))*S2p(1; n,m) = A008277(n,m) (Stirling 2nd kind). T(n, 1) = A008546(n-1).
For the definition of the Bell transform see A264428 and the link. - Peter Luschny, Jan 16 2016

			Triangle starts:
          1;
          4,         1;
         36,        12,        1;
        504,       192,       24,       1;
       9576,      3960,      600,      40,      1;
     229824,    100656,    17160,    1440,     60,     1;
    6664896,   3048192,   563976,   54600,   2940,    84,    1;
  226606464, 107255232, 21095424, 2256576, 142800,  5376,  112,   1;

G. C. Greubel, Rows n = 1..50 of the triangle, flattened
P. Blasiak, K. A. Penson and A. I. Solomon, The general boson normal ordering problem, arXiv:quant-ph/0402027, 2004.
Wolfdieter Lang, On generalizations of Stirling number triangles, J. Integer Seqs., Vol. 3 (2000), #00.2.4.
Peter Luschny, The Bell transform
Index entries for sequences related to Bessel functions or polynomials

Cf. A008277, A008546, A049223, A264428.
Cf. A028575 (row sums).
Triangles with the recurrence T(n,k) = (m*(n-1)-k)*T(n-1,k) + T(n-1,k-1): A010054 (m=1), A001497 (m=2), A004747 (m=3), A000369 (m=4), this sequence (m=5), A013988 (m=6).

function T(n,k) // T = A011801
  if k eq 0 then return 0;
  elif k eq n then return 1;
  else return (5*(n-1)-k)*T(n-1,k) + T(n-1,k-1);
  end if;
end function;
[T(n,k): k in [1..n], n in [1..12]]; // G. C. Greubel, Oct 03 2023

(* First program *)
T[n_, m_] /; n>=m>=1:= T[n, m]= (5*(n-1)-m)*T[n-1, m] + T[n-1, m-1]; T[n_, m_] /; nJean-François Alcover, Jun 20 2018 *)
(* Second program *)
rows = 10;
b[n_, m_]:= BellY[n, m, Table[k! Binomial[4, k], {k, 0, rows}]];
T= Table[b[n, m], {n,rows}, {m,rows}]//Inverse//Abs;
A011801= Table[T[[n, m]], {n,rows}, {m,n}]//Flatten (* Jean-François Alcover, Jun 22 2018 *)

# uses[inverse_bell_matrix from A264428]
# Adds 1,0,0,0, ... as column 0 at the left side of the triangle.
inverse_bell_matrix(lambda n: factorial(n)*binomial(4, n), 8) # Peter Luschny, Jan 16 2016

T(n, m) = n!*A049223(n, m)/(m!*5^(n-m)).
T(n+1, m) = (5*n-m)*T(n, m) + T(n, m-1), for n >= m >= 1, with T(n, m) = 0, for n < m, and T(n, 0) = 0, T(1, 1) = 1.
E.g.f. of n-th column: (1/n!)*( 1 - (1-5*x)^(1/5) )^n.
Sum_{k=1..n} T(n, k) = A028575(n).

New name from Peter Luschny, Jan 16 2016

A157405 A partition product of Stirling_2 type [parameter k = 5] with biggest-part statistic (triangle read by rows).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 5, 1, 15, 55, 1, 105, 220, 935, 1, 425, 3300, 4675, 21505, 1, 3075, 47850, 84150, 129030, 623645, 1, 15855, 415800, 2323475, 2709630, 4365515, 415800, 2323475, 2709630, 4365515, 21827575, 1, 123515, 6394080, 51934575

Offset: 0

Peter Luschny, Mar 09 2009, Mar 14 2009

Partition product of prod_{j=0..n-1}((k + 1)*j - 1) and n! at k = 5,
summed over parts with equal biggest part (see the Luschny link).
Underlying partition triangle is A144268.
Same partition product with length statistic is A013988.
Diagonal a(A000217) = A008543.
Row sum is A028844.

Peter Luschny, Counting with Partitions.
Peter Luschny, Generalized Stirling_2 Triangles.

Cf. A157396, A157397, A157398, A157399, A157400, A080510, A157401, A157402, A157403, A157404

T(n,0) = [n = 0] (Iverson notation) and for n > 0 and 1 <= m <= n
T(n,m) = Sum_{a} M(a)|f^a| where a = a_1,..,a_n such that
1*a_1+2*a_2+...+n*a_n = n and max{a_i} = m, M(a) = n!/(a_1!*..*a_n!),
f^a = (f_1/1!)^a_1*..*(f_n/n!)^a_n and f_n = product_{j=0..n-1}(6*j - 1).

A144342 Lower triangular array called S2hat(-5) related to partition number array A144341.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 5, 1, 55, 5, 1, 935, 80, 5, 1, 21505, 1210, 80, 5, 1, 623645, 29205, 1335, 80, 5, 1, 21827575, 782595, 30580, 1335, 80, 5, 1, 894930575, 27002800, 821095, 31205, 1335, 80, 5, 1, 42061737025, 1058476100, 27963925, 827970, 31205, 1335, 80, 5, 1, 2229272062325, 48782479625

Offset: 1

Wolfdieter Lang Oct 09 2008

If in the partition array M32khat(-5)= A144341 entries with the same parts number m are summed one obtains this triangle of numbers S2hat(-5). In the same way the Stirling2 triangle A008277 is obtained from the partition array M_3 = A036040.

The first three columns are A008543, A144344, A144345.

			[1];[5,1];[55,5,1];[935,80,5,1];[21505,1210,80,5,1];...

W. Lang, First 10 rows of the array and more.
W. Lang, Combinatorial Interpretation of Generalized Stirling Numbers, J. Int. Seqs. Vol. 12 (2009) 09.3.3.

Row sums A144343.

A144285 (S2hat(-4)).

a(n,m)=sum(product(|S2(-5;j,1)|^e(n,m,q,j),j=1..n),q=1..p(n,m)) if n>=m>=1, else 0. Here p(n,m)=A008284(n,m), the number of m parts partitions of n and e(n,m,q,j) is the exponent of j in the q-th m part partition of n. |S2(-5,n,1)|= A013988(n,1) = A008543(n-1) = (6*n-7)(!^6) (6-factorials) for n>=2 and 1 if n=1.

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A028844 Row sums of triangle A013988.

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A144268 Partition number array, called M32(-5), related to A013988(n,m)= |S2(-5;n,m)| ( generalized Stirling triangle).

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A144349 Second column (m=2) of triangle S2p(-5) = A013988.

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A144350 Third column (m=3) of triangle S2p(-5) = A013988.

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A105278 Triangle read by rows: T(n,k) = binomial(n,k)*(n-1)!/(k-1)!.

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A008543 Sextuple factorial numbers: Product_{k=0..n-1} (6*k + 5).

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A004747 Triangle read by rows: the Bell transform of the triple factorial numbers A008544 without column 0.

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A011801 Triangle read by rows, the inverse Bell transform of n!*binomial(4,n) (without column 0).

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