cp's OEIS Frontend

This is a front-end for the Online Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, made by Christian Perfect. The idea is to provide OEIS entries in non-ancient HTML, and then to think about how they're presented visually. The source code is on GitHub.

Showing 1-10 of 19 results. Next

A001220 Wieferich primes: primes p such that p^2 divides 2^(p-1) - 1.

Original entry on oeis.org

1093, 3511
Offset: 1

Views

Author

N. J. A. Sloane

Keywords

Comments

Sequence is believed to be infinite.
Joseph Silverman showed that the abc-conjecture implies that there are infinitely many primes which are not in the sequence. - Benoit Cloitre, Jan 09 2003
Graves and Murty (2013) improved Silverman's result by showing that for any fixed k > 1, the abc-conjecture implies that there are infinitely many primes == 1 (mod k) which are not in the sequence. - Jonathan Sondow, Jan 21 2013
The squares of these numbers are Fermat pseudoprimes to base 2 (A001567) and Catalan pseudoprimes (A163209). - T. D. Noe, May 22 2003
Primes p that divide the numerator of the harmonic number H((p-1)/2); that is, p divides A001008((p-1)/2). - T. D. Noe, Mar 31 2004
In a 1977 paper, Wells Johnson, citing a suggestion from Lawrence Washington, pointed out the repetitions in the binary representations of the numbers which are one less than the two known Wieferich primes; i.e., 1092 = 10001000100 (base 2); 3510 = 110110110110 (base 2). It is perhaps worth remarking that 1092 = 444 (base 16) and 3510 = 6666 (base 8), so that these numbers are small multiples of repunits in the respective bases. Whether this is mathematically significant does not appear to be known. - John Blythe Dobson, Sep 29 2007
A002326((a(n)^2 - 1)/2) = A002326((a(n)-1)/2). - Vladimir Shevelev, Jul 09 2008, Aug 24 2008
It is believed that p^2 does not divide 3^(p-1) - 1 if p = a(n). This is true for n = 1 and 2. See A178815, A178844, A178900, and Ostafe-Shparlinski (2010) Section 1.1. - Jonathan Sondow, Jun 29 2010
These primes also divide the numerator of the harmonic number H(floor((p-1)/4)). - H. Eskandari (hamid.r.eskandari(AT)gmail.com), Sep 28 2010
1093 and 3511 are prime numbers p satisfying congruence 429327^(p-1) == 1 (mod p^2). Why? - Arkadiusz Wesolowski, Apr 07 2011. Such bases are listed in A247208. - Max Alekseyev, Nov 25 2014. See A269798 for all such bases, prime and composite, that are not powers of 2. - Felix Fröhlich, Apr 07 2018
A196202(A049084(a(1))) = A196202(A049084(a(2))) = 1. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Sep 29 2011
If q is prime and q^2 divides a prime-exponent Mersenne number, then q must be a Wieferich prime. Neither of the two known Wieferich primes divide Mersenne numbers. See Will Edgington's Mersenne page in the links below. - Daran Gill, Apr 04 2013
There are no other terms below 4.97*10^17 as established by PrimeGrid (see link below). - Max Alekseyev, Nov 20 2015. The search was done via PrimeGrid's PRPNet and the results were not double-checked. Because of the unreliability of the testing, the search was suspended in May 2017 (cf. Goetz, 2017). - Felix Fröhlich, Apr 01 2018. On Nov 28 2020, PrimeGrid has resumed the search (cf. Reggie, 2020). - Felix Fröhlich, Nov 29 2020. As of Dec 29 2022, PrimeGrid has completed the search to 2^64 (about 1.8 * 10^19) and has no plans to continue further. - Charles R Greathouse IV, Sep 24 2024
Are there other primes q >= p such that q^2 divides 2^(p-1)-1, where p is a prime? - Thomas Ordowski, Nov 22 2014. Any such q must be a Wieferich prime. - Max Alekseyev, Nov 25 2014
Primes p such that p^2 divides 2^r - 1 for some r, 0 < r < p. - Thomas Ordowski, Nov 28 2014, corrected by Max Alekseyev, Nov 28 2014
For some reason, both p=a(1) and p=a(2) also have more bases b with 1 < b < p that make b^(p-1) == 1 (mod p^2) than any smaller prime p; in other words, a(1) and a(2) belong to A248865. - Jeppe Stig Nielsen, Jul 28 2015
Let r_1, r_2, r_3, ..., r_i be the set of roots of the polynomial X^((p-1)/2) - (p-3)! * X^((p-3)/2) - (p-5)! * X^((p-5)/2) - ... - 1. Then p is a Wieferich prime iff p divides sum{k=1, p}(r_k^((p-1)/2)) (see Example 2 in Jakubec, 1994). - Felix Fröhlich, May 27 2016
Arthur Wieferich showed that if p is not a term of this sequence, then the First Case of Fermat's Last Theorem has no solution in x, y and z for prime exponent p (cf. Wieferich, 1909). - Felix Fröhlich, May 27 2016
Let U_n(P, Q) be a Lucas sequence of the first kind, let e be the Legendre symbol (D/p) and let p be a prime not dividing 2QD, where D = P^2 - 4*Q. Then a prime p such that U_(p-e) == 0 (mod p^2) is called a "Lucas-Wieferich prime associated to the pair (P, Q)". Wieferich primes are those Lucas-Wieferich primes that are associated to the pair (3, 2) (cf. McIntosh, Roettger, 2007, p. 2088). - Felix Fröhlich, May 27 2016
Any repeated prime factor of a term of A000215 is a term of this sequence. Thus, if there exist infinitely many Fermat numbers that are not squarefree, then this sequence is infinite, since no two Fermat numbers share a common factor. - Felix Fröhlich, May 27 2016
If the Diophantine equation p^x - 2^y = d has more than one solution in positive integers (x, y), with (p, d) not being one of the pairs (3, 1), (3, -5), (3, -13) or (5, -3), then p is a term of this sequence (cf. Scott, Styer, 2004, Corollary to Theorem 2). - Felix Fröhlich, Jun 18 2016
Odd primes p such that Chi_(D_0)(p) != 1 and Lambda_p(Q(sqrt(D_0))) != 1, where D_0 < 0 is the fundamental discriminant of the imaginary quadratic field Q(sqrt(1-p^2)) and Chi and Lambda are Iwasawa invariants (cf. Byeon, 2006, Proposition 1 (i)). - Felix Fröhlich, Jun 25 2016
If q is an odd prime, k, p are primes with p = 2*k+1, k == 3 (mod 4), p == -1 (mod q) and p =/= -1 (mod q^3) (Jakubec, 1998, Corollary 2 gives p == -5 (mod q) and p =/= -5 (mod q^3)) with the multiplicative order of q modulo k = (k-1)/2 and q dividing the class number of the real cyclotomic field Q(Zeta_p + (Zeta_p)^(-1)), then q is a term of this sequence (cf. Jakubec, 1995, Theorem 1). - Felix Fröhlich, Jun 25 2016
From Felix Fröhlich, Aug 06 2016: (Start)
Primes p such that p-1 is in A240719.
Prime terms of A077816 (cf. Agoh, Dilcher, Skula, 1997, Corollary 5.9).
p = prime(n) is in the sequence iff T(2, n) > 1, where T = A258045.
p = prime(n) is in the sequence iff an integer k exists such that T(n, k) = 2, where T = A258787. (End)
Conjecture: an integer n > 1 such that n^2 divides 2^(n-1)-1 must be a Wieferich prime. - Thomas Ordowski, Dec 21 2016
The above conjecture is equivalent to the statement that no "Wieferich pseudoprimes" (WPSPs) exist. While base-b WPSPs are known to exist for several bases b > 1 other than 2 (see for example A244752), no base-2 WPSPs are known. Since two necessary conditions for a composite to be a base-2 WPSP are that, both, it is a base-2 Fermat pseudoprime (A001567) and all its prime factors are Wieferich primes (cf. A270833), as shown in the comments in A240719, it seems that the first base-2 WPSP, if it exists, is probably very large. This appears to be supported by the guess that the properties of a composite to be a term of A001567 and of A270833 are "independent" of each other and by the observation that the scatterplot of A256517 seems to become "less dense" at the x-axis parallel line y = 2 for increasing n. It has been suggested in the literature that there could be asymptotically about log(log(x)) Wieferich primes below some number x, which is a function that grows to infinity, but does so very slowly. Considering the above constraints, the number of WPSPs may grow even more slowly, suggesting any such number, should it exist, probably lies far beyond any bound a brute-force search could reach in the forseeable future. Therefore I guess that the conjecture may be false, but a disproof or the discovery of a counterexample are probably extraordinarily difficult problems. - Felix Fröhlich, Jan 18 2019
Named after the German mathematician Arthur Josef Alwin Wieferich (1884-1954). a(1) = 1093 was found by Waldemar Meissner in 1913. a(2) = 3511 was found by N. G. W. H. Beeger in 1922. - Amiram Eldar, Jun 05 2021
From Jianing Song, Jun 21 2025: (Start)
The ring of integers of Q(2^(1/k)) is Z[2^(1/k)] if and only if k does not have a prime factor in this sequence (k is in A342390). See Theorem 5.3 of the paper of Keith Conrad. For example, we have:
(1 + 2^(364/1093) + 2^(2*364/1093) + ... + 2^(1092*364/1093))/1093 is an algebraic integer, but it is not in Z[2^(1/1093)];
(1 + 2^(1755/3511) + 2^(2*1755/3511) + ... + 2^(3510*1755/3511))/3511 is an algebraic integer, but it is not in Z[2^(1/3511)]. (End)

References

  • Richard Crandall and Carl Pomerance, Prime Numbers: A Computational Perspective, Springer, NY, 2001; see p. 28.
  • Richard K. Guy, Unsolved Problems in Number Theory, A3.
  • G. H. Hardy and E. M. Wright, An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers, 5th ed., Oxford Univ. Press, 1979, th. 91.
  • Yves Hellegouarch, "Invitation aux mathématiques de Fermat Wiles", Dunod, 2eme Edition, pp. 340-341.
  • Pace Nielsen, Wieferich primes, heuristics, computations, Abstracts Amer. Math. Soc., 33 (#1, 20912), #1077-11-48.
  • Paulo Ribenboim, The Book of Prime Number Records. Springer-Verlag, NY, 2nd ed., 1989, p. 263.
  • Paulo Ribenboim, The Little Book of Bigger Primes, Springer-Verlag NY 2004. See pp. 230-234.
  • David Wells, The Penguin Dictionary of Curious and Interesting Numbers, Penguin Books, NY, 1986, p. 163.

Links

Crossrefs

Cf. similar primes related to the first case of Fermat's last theorem: A007540, A088164.
Sequences "primes p such that p^2 divides X^(p-1)-1": A014127 (X=3), A123692 (X=5), A212583 (X=6), A123693 (X=7), A045616 (X=10), A111027 (X=12), A128667 (X=13), A234810 (X=14), A242741 (X=15), A128668 (X=17), A244260 (X=18), A090968 (X=19), A242982 (X=20), A298951 (X=22), A128669 (X=23), A306255 (X=26), A306256 (X=30).
Cf. A001567, A002323, A077816, A001008, A039951, A049094, A126196, A126197, A178815, A178844, A178871, A178900, A246503, A247208, A269798.

Programs

  • GAP
    Filtered([1..50000],p->IsPrime(p) and (2^(p-1)-1) mod p^2 =0); # Muniru A Asiru, Apr 03 2018
  • Haskell
    import Data.List (elemIndices)
a001220 n = a001220_list !! (n-1)
a001220_list = map (a000040 . (+ 1)) $ elemIndices 1 a196202_list
-- Reinhard Zumkeller, Sep 29 2011
  • Magma
    [p : p in PrimesUpTo(310000) | IsZero((2^(p-1) - 1) mod (p^2))]; // Vincenzo Librandi, Jan 19 2019
  • Maple
    wieferich := proc (n) local nsq, remain, bin, char: if (not isprime(n)) then RETURN("not prime") fi: nsq := n^2: remain := 2: bin := convert(convert(n-1, binary),string): remain := (remain * 2) mod nsq: bin := substring(bin,2..length(bin)): while (length(bin) > 1) do: char := substring(bin,1..1): if char = "1" then remain := (remain * 2) mod nsq fi: remain := (remain^2) mod nsq: bin := substring(bin,2..length(bin)): od: if (bin = "1") then remain := (remain * 2) mod nsq fi: if remain = 1 then RETURN ("Wieferich prime") fi: RETURN ("non-Wieferich prime"): end: # Ulrich Schimke (ulrschimke(AT)aol.com), Nov 01 2001
  • Mathematica
    Select[Prime[Range[50000]],Divisible[2^(#-1)-1,#^2]&]  (* Harvey P. Dale, Apr 23 2011 *)
Select[Prime[Range[50000]],PowerMod[2,#-1,#^2]==1&] (* Harvey P. Dale, May 25 2016 *)
  • PARI
    N=10^4; default(primelimit,N);
forprime(n=2,N,if(Mod(2,n^2)^(n-1)==1,print1(n,", ")));
\\ Joerg Arndt, May 01 2013
  • Python
    from sympy import prime
from gmpy2 import powmod
A001220_list = [p for p in (prime(n) for n in range(1,10**7)) if powmod(2,p-1,p*p) == 1]
# Chai Wah Wu, Dec 03 2014

Formula

(A178815(A000720(p))^(p-1) - 1) mod p^2 = A178900(n), where p = a(n). - Jonathan Sondow, Jun 29 2010
Odd primes p such that A002326((p^2-1)/2) = A002326((p-1)/2). See A182297. - Thomas Ordowski, Feb 04 2014

A102567 Numbers k such that the concatenation of k with itself is a biperiod square.

Original entry on oeis.org

13223140496, 20661157025, 29752066116, 40495867769, 52892561984, 66942148761, 82644628100, 183673469387755102041, 326530612244897959184, 510204081632653061225, 734693877551020408164
Offset: 1

Views

Author

C. Ronaldo (aga_new_ac(AT)hotmail.com), Jan 15 2005

Keywords

Comments

Also, numbers N associated with A106497.
Also, numbers k such that k concatenated with k-1 gives the product of two numbers which differ by 2. E.g., 13223140496//13223140495 = 36363636363 * 36363636365, where // denotes concatenation. - Giovanni Resta and Franklin T. Adams-Watters, Nov 13 2006
From Jianing Song, Nov 01 2024: (Start)
Numbers 10^(k-1) <= a <= 10^k - 1 such that a*(10^k + 1) is a square. Note that 10^k + 1 must be nonsquarefree, i.e., k is in A086982, otherwise a must be divisible by 10^k + 1, which is impossible.
Let v(p,m) be the p-adic valuation of m.
- If p is not in A045616, then v(p,10^k+1) = r > 0 if and only if v(p,gcd(n,10^k+1)) = r-1.
- If p is in A045616, let e be the multiplicative order of 10 modulo p, then v(p,10^k+1) > 0 if and only if e is even and k is an odd multiple of e/2, in which case v(p,10^k+1) = v(p,10^e-1) + v(p,k) = v(p,10^e-1) + v(p,gcd(k,10^k+1)).
This helps to find the terms. (End)

Examples

			13223140496 concatenated with 13223140496 is 1322314049613223140496 = 36363636364^2.
40495867769 is in the sequence because writing it twice gives the square number 4049586776940495867769 = 63636363637^2.

References

  • Andrew Bridy, Robert J. Lemke Oliver, Arlo Shallit, and Jeffrey Shallit, The Generalized Nagell-Ljunggren Problem: Powers with Repetitive Representations, Experimental Math, 28 (2019), 428-439.
  • R. Ondrejka, Problem 1130: Biperiod Squares, Journal of Recreational Mathematics, Vol. 14:4 (1981-82), 299. Solution by F. H. Kierstead, Jr., JRM, Vol. 15:4 (1982-83), 311-312.

Links

Crossrefs

Cf. A092118, A054214, A116163, A116136, A116279.

Programs

  • Maple
    with(numtheory): Digits:=50:for d from 1 to 35 do tendp1:=10^d+1: tendp1fact:=ifactors(tendp1)[2]: n:=mul(piecewise(tendp1fact[i][2] mod 2=1,tendp1fact[i][1],1),i=1..nops(tendp1fact)):for i from ceil(sqrt((10^(d-1))/n)) to floor(sqrt((10^d-1)/n)) do printf("%d, ",n*i^2) od: od:
  • Mathematica
    A102567L[n_] := Catenate@Table[Module[{fac = FactorInteger[10^k + 1], min}, If[Max@fac[[All, -1]] == 1, {}, min = Times @@ Cases[fac, {a_, A102567L%5B30%5D%20(*%20_JungHwan%20Min">?OddQ} :> a]; Table[min s^2, {s, Ceiling@Sqrt[10^(k - 1)/min], Floor@Sqrt[(10^k - 1)/min]}]]], {k, n}]; A102567L[30] (* _JungHwan Min, Dec 11 2016 *)
A102567Q = IntegerQ@Sqrt@FromDigits[Join[#, #] &@IntegerDigits[#]] & (* JungHwan Min, Dec 11 2016 *)
  • PARI
    p = [3, 487, 56598313]; \\ A045616
b(n) = my(d = gcd(n, lift(Mod(10,n)^n)+1), s = 1); for(j=1, #p, my(e = znorder(Mod(10, p[j]))); if((e % 2 == 0) && (n % (e/2) == 0) && (n/(e/2) % 2 == 1), my(v = valuation(d, p[j])); d /= p[j]^v; s *= p[j]^((v+valuation(10^e-1, p[j]))\2))); my(f = factor(d)); for(i=1, #f~, s *= f[i,1]^((f[i,2]+1)\2)); s; \\ giving s such that 10^n + 1 = s^2*t where t is squarefree, considering only the three already-known terms of A045616
A102567_length_n(n) = my(t = (10^n+1)/b(n)^2, lowlim = 1+sqrtint(10^(n-1)\t), uplim = sqrtint((10^n-1)\t)); vector(uplim-lowlim+1, i, (lowlim-1+i)^2 * t) \\ terms of the form a^2*t such that 10^(n-1) <= a^2*t <= 10^n - 1
\\ Jianing Song, Nov 01 2024
  • Python
    from itertools import count, islice
from sympy import sqrt_mod
def A102567_gen(): # generator of terms
    for j in count(0):
        b = 10**j
        a = b*10+1
        for k in sorted(sqrt_mod(0,a,all_roots=True)):
            if a*b <= k**2 < a*(a-1):
                yield k**2//a
A102567_list = list(islice(A102567_gen(),10)) # Chai Wah Wu, Feb 19 2024

Extensions

Entry revised by N. J. A. Sloane, Nov 14 2006 and also Nov 27 2006
Definition edited and reference added by William Rex Marshall, Nov 12 2010

A014127 Mirimanoff primes: primes p such that p^2 divides 3^(p-1) - 1.

Original entry on oeis.org

11, 1006003
Offset: 1

Views

Author

N. J. A. Sloane

Keywords

Comments

Dorais and Klyve proved that there are no further terms up to 9.7*10^14.
These primes are so named after the celebrated result of Mirimanoff in 1910 (see below) that for a failure of the first case of Fermat's Last Theorem, the exponent p must satisfy the criterion stated in the definition. Lerch (see below) showed that these primes also divide the numerator of the harmonic number H(floor(p/3)). This is analogous to the fact that Wieferich primes (A001220) divide the numerator of the harmonic number H((p-1)/2). - John Blythe Dobson, Mar 02 2014, Apr 09 2015
The prime 1006003 was apparently discovered by K. E. Kloss (cf. Kloss, 1965) according to various sources. - Felix Fröhlich, Dec 08 2020
If there is no term other than 11 and 1006003, then the only solution (a, w, x, y, z) to the diophantine equation a^w + a^x = 3^y + 3^z is (5, 1, 1, 2, 3) (cf. Scott, Styer, 2006, Lemma 12). - Felix Fröhlich, Dec 10 2020
Named after the Russian mathematician Dmitry Semionovitch Mirimanoff (1861-1945). - Amiram Eldar, Jun 10 2021

References

  • Paulo Ribenboim, 13 Lectures on Fermat's Last Theorem, Springer, 1979, pp. 23, 152-153.
  • Paulo Ribenboim, The Little Book of Bigger Primes, Springer-Verlag NY 2004. See p. 233.
  • Alf van der Poorten, Notes on Fermat's Last Theorem, Wiley, 1996, p. 21.

Links

Crossrefs

Cf. A039951, A096082.
Sequences "primes p such that p^2 divides X^(p-1)-1": A001220 (X=2), A123692 (X=5), A212583 (X=6), A123693 (X=7), A045616 (X=10), A111027 (X=12), A128667 (X=13), A234810 (X=14), A242741 (X=15), A128668 (X=17), A244260 (X=18), A090968 (X=19), A242982 (X=20), A298951 (X=22), A128669 (X=23), A306255 (X=26), A306256 (X=30).

Programs

  • Mathematica
    Select[Prime[Range[1000000]], PowerMod[3, # - 1, #^2] == 1 &] (* Robert Price, May 17 2019 *)
  • PARI
    N=10^9; default(primelimit,N);
forprime(n=2,N,if(Mod(3,n^2)^(n-1)==1,print1(n,", ")));
\\ Joerg Arndt, May 01 2013
  • Python
    from sympy import prime
from gmpy2 import powmod
A014127_list = [p for p in (prime(n) for n in range(1,10**7)) if powmod(3,p-1,p*p) == 1] # Chai Wah Wu, Dec 03 2014

Extensions

Edited by Max Alekseyev, Oct 20 2010
Updated by Max Alekseyev, Jan 29 2012

A039951 a(n) is the smallest prime p such that p^2 divides n^(p-1) - 1.

Original entry on oeis.org

2, 1093, 11, 1093, 2, 66161, 5, 3, 2, 3, 71, 2693, 2, 29, 29131, 1093, 2, 5, 3, 281, 2, 13, 13, 5, 2, 3, 11, 3, 2, 7, 7, 5, 2, 46145917691, 3, 66161, 2, 17, 8039, 11, 2, 23, 5, 3, 2, 3
Offset: 1

Views

Author

David W. Wilson

Keywords

Comments

a(n^k) <= a(n) for any n,k > 1.
a(n) is currently unknown for n in {47, 72, 186, 187, 200, 203, 222, 231, 304, 311, 335, 355, 435, 454, 546, 554, 610, 639, 662, 760, 772, 798, 808, 812, 858, 860, 871, 983, 986, ...}. - Richard Fischer, Jul 15 2021
a(47) > 1.4*10^14, a(72) > 1.4*10^14 (see Fischer's tables).
For all nonnegative integers n and k, a(n^(n^k)) = a(n) (see Puzzle 762 in the links). Also a(n) = 3 if and only if mod(n, 36) is in the set {8, 10, 19, 26, 28, 35}. - Farideh Firoozbakht and Jahangeer Kholdi, Nov 01 2014

Links

Crossrefs

Cf. A001220, A045616, A096082, A014127, A123692, A123693, A174422.

Programs

  • Mathematica
    Table[p = 2; While[! Divisible[n^(p - 1) - 1, p^2], p = NextPrime@ p]; p, {n, 33}] (* Michael De Vlieger, Nov 24 2016 *)
f[n_] := Block[{p = 2}, While[ PowerMod[n, p - 1, p^2] != 1, p = NextPrime@ p]; p]; Array[f, 33] (* Robert G. Wilson v, Jul 18 2018 *)
  • PARI
    a(n)={forprime(p=2, oo, if(Mod(n, p^2)^(p-1)==1, return(p))); oo} \\ Felix Fröhlich, Jul 24 2014

Formula

a(4k+1) = 2.
a(n) = A096082(n) for all n > 1 that are not of the form 4k+1. Note that A096082 begins with n = 2. [Corrected and clarified by Jonathan Sondow, Jun 17-18 2010]

Extensions

a(34)-a(46) from Helmut Richter (richter(AT)lrz.de), May 17 2004
Entry revised by N. J. A. Sloane, Nov 30 2006
Edited by Max Alekseyev, Oct 06, Oct 09 2009
Edited and updated by Max Alekseyev, Jan 29 2012

A111027 Wieferich primes in base 12.

Original entry on oeis.org

2693, 123653
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Walter Kehowski, Oct 05 2005

Keywords

Comments

I have searched up to the 9 millionth prime, 160481183 and gave up trying to find a third term. The sequence is conjectured to be infinite. If the behavior is similar to base 10, A045616, then the next term could be greater than 2*10^11. In base 12 with X for ten and E for eleven the sequence is [1685, 5E685] so it would be interesting to see if the third term ends in 685 as well. These primes are also the Wieferich numbers in base 12: 12^phi(n) = 1 mod n^2.
Richard Fischer has carried this search to 4.8 * 10^13 (as of January 2014). - John Blythe Dobson, Mar 06 2014

Links

Crossrefs

Cf. A001220, A039951, A045616, A077815, A077816, A245529.

Programs

  • Maple
    WP:=[]: for z from 1 to 1 do for k from 1 to 9000000 do p:=ithprime(k); if 12 &^(p-1) mod p^2 = 1 then WP:=[op(WP),p]; printf("p=%d, ",p); fi; if k mod 10^5 = 0 then printf("k=%d, ",k); fi; od; od; WP;
  • Mathematica
    Select[Prime[Range[1000000]], PowerMod[12, # - 1, #^2] == 1 &] (* Robert Price, May 17 2019 *)

Formula

12^(p-1) == 1 mod p^2

A086982 Numbers n such that 10^n+1 is not squarefree.

Original entry on oeis.org

11, 21, 33, 39, 55, 63, 77, 99, 105, 117, 121, 136, 143, 147, 165, 171, 187, 189, 195, 202, 209, 231, 243, 253, 273, 275, 292, 297, 315, 319, 341, 351, 357, 363, 385, 399, 406, 407, 408, 429, 441, 451, 473, 483, 495, 507, 513, 517, 525, 539, 548, 561, 567
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Ray Chandler, Jul 27 2003

Keywords

Comments

This sequence is the union of the collection of sequences formed from the nonzero terms of A086981 * A005408, the odd numbers. First occurrence of consecutive integers in sequence is 406,407,408.
From Robert Israel, Feb 13 2017: (Start)
Numbers n such that gcd(n, 10^n + 1) > 1 or n = k*m where k is odd and 2*m is the order of 10 modulo a member of A045616. [Corrected by Jianing Song, Nov 01 2024]
If n is in the sequence, then so is k*n for any odd k. (End)
Numbers of the form k*ord(10,p^2)/2, where k is an odd number and p is a prime such that ord(10,p) is even. Here ord(a,m) is the multiplicative order of a modulo m. Note that if p is not in A045616, then ord(10,p^2) = p*ord(10,p). - Jianing Song, Nov 01 2024

Links

Crossrefs

Cf. A005408, A013929, A086981, A045616, A049096, A282344, A282345.

Programs

  • Maple
    filter:= n -> (n mod 243 = 0 and (n/243)::odd) or igcd(n,(10 &^n +1 mod n)) > 1: # Note that this works if n < 28299156
select(filter, [$1..1000]); # Robert Israel, Feb 13 2017
  • PARI
    ord = [1, 486, 56598312]; \\ order of 10 modulo A045616
isA086982(n) = if(gcd(n, 10^n+1) > 1, return(1)); for(i=1, 3, if((ord[i] % 2 == 0) && (n % (ord[i]/2) == 0) && (n/(ord[i]/2) % 2 == 1), return(1))); return(0) \\ Jianing Song, Nov 01 2024, after Robert Israel's comment; considering only the three currently-known terms of A045616

A242741 Primes p such that p^2 divides 15^(p-1) - 1.

Original entry on oeis.org

29131, 119327070011
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Felix Fröhlich, May 21 2014

Keywords

Comments

Base 15 Wieferich primes. According to Richard Fischer there is no other term up to approximately 5*10^13.

Links

Crossrefs

Cf. A001220, A014127, A123692, A212583, A123693, A045616, A111027, A128667, A234810

Programs

  • Mathematica
    Select[Prime[Range[1000000]], PowerMod[15, # - 1, #^2] == 1 &] (* Robert Price, May 17 2019 *)
  • PARI
    forprime(n=2, 10^9, if(Mod(15, n^2)^(n-1)==1, print1(n, ", ")));

A242982 Primes p such that p^2 divides 20^(p-1) - 1.

Original entry on oeis.org

281, 46457, 9377747, 122959073
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Felix Fröhlich, May 28 2014

Keywords

Comments

Base 20 Wieferich primes. According to Richard Fischer, there is no other term up to approximately 5*10^13.

Links

Crossrefs

Cf. A001220, A014127, A123692, A212583, A123693, A045616, A111027, A039951, A096082.

Programs

  • Mathematica
    Select[Prime[Range[1000000]], PowerMod[20, # - 1, #^2] == 1 &] (* Robert Price, May 17 2019 *)
  • PARI
    forprime(n=2, 10^9, if(Mod(20, n^2)^(n-1)==1, print1(n, ", ")));

A244260 Primes p such that p^2 divides 18^(p-1) - 1.

Original entry on oeis.org

5, 7, 37, 331, 33923, 1284043
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Felix Fröhlich, Jun 24 2014

Keywords

Comments

Base 18 Wieferich primes. According to Richard Fischer there is no other term up to approximately 5*10^13.

Links

Crossrefs

Cf. A001220, A014127, A123692, A212583, A123693, A045616, A111027, A128667, A234810, A242741, A128668, A090968, A242982, A039951, A096082.

Programs

  • Mathematica
    Select[Prime[Range[1000000]], PowerMod[18, # - 1, #^2] == 1 &] (* Robert Price, May 17 2019 *)
  • PARI
    forprime(n=2, 10^9, if(Mod(18, n^2)^(n-1)==1, print1(n, ", ")));

A241977 Numbers k>1 such that 10^phi(k) == 1 (mod k^2), where phi(n)=A000010(n).

Original entry on oeis.org

3, 487, 1461, 4383, 13149, 39447, 118341, 355023, 56598313, 169794939, 509384817, 1754547703, 5263643109, 7187985751, 15790929327, 21563957253, 27563378431, 33902389487, 47372787981, 50315900257, 64691871759, 82690135293, 101707168461, 150947700771
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Felix Fröhlich, Aug 10 2014

Keywords

Links

Crossrefs

Cf. A000010, A045616, A077816, A171928, A242958, A242959, A242960, A245529.

Programs

  • Mathematica
    Select[Range[400000], PowerMod[10, EulerPhi[#], #^2] == 1 &] (* Amiram Eldar, Oct 16 2023 *)
  • PARI
    for(n=2, 1e9, if(Mod(10, n^2)^(eulerphi(n))==1, print1(n, ", ")))

Extensions

Terms a(12) and beyond from Giovanni Resta, Jan 24 2020
Showing 1-10 of 19 results. Next

Started in 1964 by Neil J. A. Sloane | Maintained by The OEIS Foundation Inc.

Content is available under The OEIS End-User License Agreement.