cp's OEIS Frontend

This is a front-end for the Online Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, made by Christian Perfect. The idea is to provide OEIS entries in non-ancient HTML, and then to think about how they're presented visually. The source code is on GitHub.

Showing 1-10 of 13 results. Next

A346795 Irregular triangle T(n, k), n > 0, k = 1..A091220(n), read by rows; the n-th row gives, in ascending order, the distinct integers k such that A048720(k, m) = n for some m.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2, 4, 1, 3, 5, 1, 2, 3, 6, 1, 7, 1, 2, 4, 8, 1, 3, 7, 9, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10, 1, 11, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12, 1, 13, 1, 2, 7, 14, 1, 3, 5, 15, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 1, 3, 5, 15, 17, 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9, 14, 18, 1, 19, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 20, 1, 7, 21
Offset: 1

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Author

Rémy Sigrist, Sep 29 2021

Keywords

Comments

The n-th row corresponds to the divisors of the n-th GF(2)[X]-polynomial.
The greatest value both in the n-th row and in the k-th row corresponds to A091255(n, k).
The index of the first row containing both n and k corresponds to A091256(n, k).

Examples

			The triangle starts:
      1:   [1]
      2:   [1, 2]
      3:   [1, 3]
      4:   [1, 2, 4]
      5:   [1, 3, 5]
      6:   [1, 2, 3, 6]
      7:   [1, 7]
      8:   [1, 2, 4, 8]
      9:   [1, 3, 7, 9]
     10:   [1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10]
     11:   [1, 11]
     12:   [1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12]
     13:   [1, 13]
     14:   [1, 2, 7, 14]
     15:   [1, 3, 5, 15]
		

Crossrefs

Programs

  • PARI
    See Links section.

Formula

T(n, 1) = 1.
T(n, A091220(n)) = n.
Sum_{k = 1..A091220(n)} T(n, k) = A280493(n).
T(n, 1) XOR ... XOR T(n, A091220(n)) = A178908(n) (where XOR denotes the bitwise XOR operator).

A000005 d(n) (also called tau(n) or sigma_0(n)), the number of divisors of n.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 2, 3, 2, 4, 2, 4, 3, 4, 2, 6, 2, 4, 4, 5, 2, 6, 2, 6, 4, 4, 2, 8, 3, 4, 4, 6, 2, 8, 2, 6, 4, 4, 4, 9, 2, 4, 4, 8, 2, 8, 2, 6, 6, 4, 2, 10, 3, 6, 4, 6, 2, 8, 4, 8, 4, 4, 2, 12, 2, 4, 6, 7, 4, 8, 2, 6, 4, 8, 2, 12, 2, 4, 6, 6, 4, 8, 2, 10, 5, 4, 2, 12, 4, 4, 4, 8, 2, 12, 4, 6, 4, 4, 4, 12, 2, 6, 6, 9, 2, 8, 2, 8
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Keywords

Comments

If the canonical factorization of n into prime powers is Product p^e(p) then d(n) = Product (e(p) + 1). More generally, for k > 0, sigma_k(n) = Product_p ((p^((e(p)+1)*k))-1)/(p^k-1) is the sum of the k-th powers of the divisors of n.
Number of ways to write n as n = x*y, 1 <= x <= n, 1 <= y <= n. For number of unordered solutions to x*y=n, see A038548.
Note that d(n) is not the number of Pythagorean triangles with radius of the inscribed circle equal to n (that is A078644). For number of primitive Pythagorean triangles having inradius n, see A068068(n).
Number of factors in the factorization of the polynomial x^n-1 over the integers. - T. D. Noe, Apr 16 2003
Also equal to the number of partitions p of n such that all the parts have the same cardinality, i.e., max(p)=min(p). - Giovanni Resta, Feb 06 2006
Equals A127093 as an infinite lower triangular matrix * the harmonic series, [1/1, 1/2, 1/3, ...]. - Gary W. Adamson, May 10 2007
For odd n, this is the number of partitions of n into consecutive integers. Proof: For n = 1, clearly true. For n = 2k + 1, k >= 1, map each (necessarily odd) divisor to such a partition as follows: For 1 and n, map k + (k+1) and n, respectively. For any remaining divisor d <= sqrt(n), map (n/d - (d-1)/2) + ... + (n/d - 1) + (n/d) + (n/d + 1) + ... + (n/d + (d-1)/2) {i.e., n/d plus (d-1)/2 pairs each summing to 2n/d}. For any remaining divisor d > sqrt(n), map ((d-1)/2 - (n/d - 1)) + ... + ((d-1)/2 - 1) + (d-1)/2 + (d+1)/2 + ((d+1)/2 + 1) + ... + ((d+1)/2 + (n/d - 1)) {i.e., n/d pairs each summing to d}. As all such partitions must be of one of the above forms, the 1-to-1 correspondence and proof is complete. - Rick L. Shepherd, Apr 20 2008
Number of subgroups of the cyclic group of order n. - Benoit Jubin, Apr 29 2008
Equals row sums of triangle A143319. - Gary W. Adamson, Aug 07 2008
Equals row sums of triangle A159934, equivalent to generating a(n) by convolving A000005 prefaced with a 1; (1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 2, ...) with the INVERTi transform of A000005, (A159933): (1, 1,-1, 0, -1, 2, ...). Example: a(6) = 4 = (1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 2) dot (2, -1, 0, -1, 1, 1) = (2, -1, 0, -2, 3, 2) = 4. - Gary W. Adamson, Apr 26 2009
Number of times n appears in an n X n multiplication table. - Dominick Cancilla, Aug 02 2010
Number of k >= 0 such that (k^2 + k*n + k)/(k + 1) is an integer. - Juri-Stepan Gerasimov, Oct 25 2015
The only numbers k such that tau(k) >= k/2 are 1,2,3,4,6,8,12. - Michael De Vlieger, Dec 14 2016
a(n) is also the number of partitions of 2*n into equal parts, minus the number of partitions of 2*n into consecutive parts. - Omar E. Pol, May 03 2017
From Tomohiro Yamada, Oct 27 2020: (Start)
Let k(n) = log d(n)*log log n/(log 2 * log n), then lim sup k(n) = 1 (Hardy and Wright, Chapter 18, Theorem 317) and k(n) <= k(6983776800) = 1.537939... (the constant A280235) for every n (Nicolas and Robin, 1983).
There exist infinitely many n such that d(n) = d(n+1) (Heath-Brown, 1984). The number of such integers n <= x is at least c*x/(log log x)^3 (Hildebrand, 1987) but at most O(x/sqrt(log log x)) (Erdős, Carl Pomerance and Sárközy, 1987). (End)
Number of 2D grids of n congruent rectangles with two different side lengths, in a rectangle, modulo rotation (cf. A038548 for squares instead of rectangles). Also number of ways to arrange n identical objects in a rectangle (NOT modulo rotation, cf. A038548 for modulo rotation); cf. A007425 and A140773 for the 3D case. - Manfred Boergens, Jun 08 2021
The constant quoted above from Nicolas and Robin, 6983776800 = 2^5 * 3^3 * 5^2 * 7 * 11 * 13 * 17 * 19, appears arbitrary, but interestingly equals 2 * A095849(36). That second factor is highly composite and deeply composite. - Hal M. Switkay, Aug 08 2025

Examples

			G.f. = x + 2*x^2 + 2*x^3 + 3*x^4 + 2*x^5 + 4*x^6 + 2*x^7 + 4*x^8 + 3*x^9 + ...
		

References

  • M. Abramowitz and I. A. Stegun, eds., Handbook of Mathematical Functions, National Bureau of Standards Applied Math. Series 55, 1964 (and various reprintings), p. 840.
  • T. M. Apostol, Introduction to Analytic Number Theory, Springer-Verlag, 1976, page 38.
  • G. Chrystal, Algebra: An elementary text-book for the higher classes of secondary schools and for colleges, 6th ed, Chelsea Publishing Co., New York 1959 Part II, p. 345, Exercise XXI(16). MR0121327 (22 #12066)
  • G. H. Hardy, Ramanujan: twelve lectures on subjects suggested by his life and work, Cambridge, University Press, 1940, p. 55.
  • G. H. Hardy and E. M. Wright, revised by D. R. Heath-Brown and J. H. Silverman, An Introduction to the Theory of Numbers, 6th ed., Oxford Univ. Press, 2008.
  • K. Knopp, Theory and Application of Infinite Series, Blackie, London, 1951, p. 451.
  • D. S. Mitrinovic et al., Handbook of Number Theory, Kluwer, Chap. II. (For inequalities, etc.)
  • S. Ramanujan, Collected Papers, Ed. G. H. Hardy et al., Cambridge 1927; Chelsea, NY, 1962. Has many references to this sequence. - N. J. A. Sloane, Jun 02 2014
  • N. J. A. Sloane, A Handbook of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1973 (includes this sequence).
  • N. J. A. Sloane and Simon Plouffe, The Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences, Academic Press, 1995 (includes this sequence).
  • B. Spearman and K. S. Williams, Handbook of Estimates in the Theory of Numbers, Carleton Math. Lecture Note Series No. 14, 1975; see p. 2.1.
  • James J. Tattersall, Elementary Number Theory in Nine Chapters, Cambridge University Press, 1999, page 285.
  • E. C. Titchmarsh, The Theory of Functions, Oxford, 1938, p. 160.
  • Terence Tao, Poincaré's Legacies, Part I, Amer. Math. Soc., 2009, see pp. 31ff for upper bounds on d(n).

Crossrefs

See A002183, A002182 for records. See A000203 for the sum-of-divisors function sigma(n).
For partial sums see A006218.
Factorizations into given number of factors: writing n = x*y (A038548, unordered, A000005, ordered), n = x*y*z (A034836, unordered, A007425, ordered), n = w*x*y*z (A007426, ordered).
Cf. A098198 (Dgf at s=2), A183030 (Dgf at s=3), A183031 (Dgf at s=3).

Programs

  • GAP
    List([1..150],n->Tau(n)); # Muniru A Asiru, Mar 05 2019
    
  • Haskell
    divisors 1 = [1]
    divisors n = (1:filter ((==0) . rem n)
                   [2..n `div` 2]) ++ [n]
    a = length . divisors
    -- James Spahlinger, Oct 07 2012
    
  • Haskell
    a000005 = product . map (+ 1) . a124010_row  -- Reinhard Zumkeller, Jul 12 2013
    
  • Julia
    function tau(n)
        i = 2; num = 1
        while i * i <= n
            if rem(n, i) == 0
                e = 0
                while rem(n, i) == 0
                    e += 1
                    n = div(n, i)
                end
                num *= e + 1
            end
            i += 1
        end
        return n > 1 ? num + num : num
    end
    println([tau(n) for n in 1:104])  # Peter Luschny, Sep 03 2023
  • Magma
    [ NumberOfDivisors(n) : n in [1..100] ]; // Sergei Haller (sergei(AT)sergei-haller.de), Dec 21 2006
    
  • Maple
    with(numtheory): A000005 := tau; [ seq(tau(n), n=1..100) ];
  • Mathematica
    Table[DivisorSigma[0, n], {n, 100}] (* Enrique Pérez Herrero, Aug 27 2009 *)
    CoefficientList[Series[(Log[1 - q] + QPolyGamma[1, q])/(q Log[q]), {q, 0, 100}], q] (* Vladimir Reshetnikov, Apr 23 2013 *)
    a[ n_] := SeriesCoefficient[ (QPolyGamma[ 1, q] + Log[1 - q]) / Log[q], {q, 0, Abs@n}]; (* Michael Somos, Apr 25 2013 *)
    a[ n_] := SeriesCoefficient[ q/(1 - q)^2 QHypergeometricPFQ[ {q, q}, {q^2, q^2}, q, q^2], {q, 0, Abs@n}]; (* Michael Somos, Mar 05 2014 *)
    a[n_] := SeriesCoefficient[q/(1 - q) QHypergeometricPFQ[{q, q}, {q^2}, q, q], {q, 0, Abs@n}] (* Mats Granvik, Apr 15 2015 *)
    With[{M=500},CoefficientList[Series[(2x)/(1-x)-Sum[x^k (1-2x^k)/(1-x^k),{k,M}],{x,0,M}],x]] (* Mamuka Jibladze, Aug 31 2018 *)
  • MuPAD
    numlib::tau (n)$ n=1..90 // Zerinvary Lajos, May 13 2008
    
  • PARI
    {a(n) = if( n==0, 0, numdiv(n))}; /* Michael Somos, Apr 27 2003 */
    
  • PARI
    {a(n) = n=abs(n); if( n<1, 0, direuler( p=2, n, 1 / (1 - X)^2)[n])}; /* Michael Somos, Apr 27 2003 */
    
  • PARI
    {a(n)=polcoeff(sum(m=1, n+1, sumdiv(m, d, (-log(1-x^(m/d) +x*O(x^n) ))^d/d!)), n)} \\ Paul D. Hanna, Aug 21 2014
    
  • Python
    from sympy import divisor_count
    for n in range(1, 20): print(divisor_count(n), end=', ') # Stefano Spezia, Nov 05 2018
    
  • Sage
    [sigma(n, 0) for n in range(1, 105)]  # Zerinvary Lajos, Jun 04 2009
    

Formula

If n is written as 2^z*3^y*5^x*7^w*11^v*... then a(n)=(z+1)*(y+1)*(x+1)*(w+1)*(v+1)*...
a(n) = 2 iff n is prime.
G.f.: Sum_{n >= 1} a(n) x^n = Sum_{k>0} x^k/(1-x^k). This is usually called THE Lambert series (see Knopp, Titchmarsh).
a(n) = A083888(n) + A083889(n) + A083890(n) + A083891(n) + A083892(n) + A083893(n) + A083894(n) + A083895(n) + A083896(n).
a(n) = A083910(n) + A083911(n) + A083912(n) + A083913(n) + A083914(n) + A083915(n) + A083916(n) + A083917(n) + A083918(n) + A083919(n).
Multiplicative with a(p^e) = e+1. - David W. Wilson, Aug 01 2001
a(n) <= 2 sqrt(n) [see Mitrinovich, p. 39, also A046522].
a(n) is odd iff n is a square. - Reinhard Zumkeller, Dec 29 2001
a(n) = Sum_{k=1..n} f(k, n) where f(k, n) = 1 if k divides n, 0 otherwise (Mobius transform of A000012). Equivalently, f(k, n) = (1/k)*Sum_{l=1..k} z(k, l)^n with z(k, l) the k-th roots of unity. - Ralf Stephan, Dec 25 2002
G.f.: Sum_{k>0} ((-1)^(k+1) * x^(k * (k + 1)/2) / ((1 - x^k) * Product_{i=1..k} (1 - x^i))). - Michael Somos, Apr 27 2003
a(n) = n - Sum_{k=1..n} (ceiling(n/k) - floor(n/k)). - Benoit Cloitre, May 11 2003
a(n) = A032741(n) + 1 = A062011(n)/2 = A054519(n) - A054519(n-1) = A006218(n) - A006218(n-1) = 1 + Sum_{k=1..n-1} A051950(k+1). - Ralf Stephan, Mar 26 2004
G.f.: Sum_{k>0} x^(k^2)*(1+x^k)/(1-x^k). Dirichlet g.f.: zeta(s)^2. - Michael Somos, Apr 05 2003
Sequence = M*V where M = A129372 as an infinite lower triangular matrix and V = ruler sequence A001511 as a vector: [1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1, 4, ...]. - Gary W. Adamson, Apr 15 2007
Sequence = M*V, where M = A115361 is an infinite lower triangular matrix and V = A001227, the number of odd divisors of n, is a vector: [1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, ...]. - Gary W. Adamson, Apr 15 2007
Row sums of triangle A051731. - Gary W. Adamson, Nov 02 2007
Sum_{n>0} a(n)/(n^n) = Sum_{n>0, m>0} 1/(n*m). - Gerald McGarvey, Dec 15 2007
Logarithmic g.f.: Sum_{n>=1} a(n)/n * x^n = -log( Product_{n>=1} (1-x^n)^(1/n) ). - Joerg Arndt, May 03 2008
a(n) = Sum_{k=1..n} (floor(n/k) - floor((n-1)/k)). - Enrique Pérez Herrero, Aug 27 2009
a(s) = 2^omega(s), if s > 1 is a squarefree number (A005117) and omega(s) is: A001221. - Enrique Pérez Herrero, Sep 08 2009
a(n) = A048691(n) - A055205(n). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Dec 08 2009
For n > 1, a(n) = 2 + Sum_{k=2..n-1} floor((cos(Pi*n/k))^2). And floor((cos(Pi*n/k))^2) = floor(1/4 * e^(-(2*i*Pi*n)/k) + 1/4 * e^((2*i*Pi*n)/k) + 1/2). - Eric Desbiaux, Mar 09 2010, corrected Apr 16 2011
a(n) = 1 + Sum_{k=1..n} (floor(2^n/(2^k-1)) mod 2) for every n. - Fabio Civolani (civox(AT)tiscali.it), Mar 12 2010
From Vladimir Shevelev, May 22 2010: (Start)
(Sum_{d|n} a(d))^2 = Sum_{d|n} a(d)^3 (J. Liouville).
Sum_{d|n} A008836(d)*a(d)^2 = A008836(n)*Sum_{d|n} a(d). (End)
a(n) = sigma_0(n) = 1 + Sum_{m>=2} Sum_{r>=1} (1/m^(r+1))*Sum_{j=1..m-1} Sum_{k=0..m^(r+1)-1} e^(2*k*Pi*i*(n+(m-j)*m^r)/m^(r+1)). - A. Neves, Oct 04 2010
a(n) = 2*A038548(n) - A010052(n). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Mar 08 2013
Sum_{n>=1} a(n)*q^n = (log(1-q) + psi_q(1)) / log(q), where psi_q(z) is the q-digamma function. - Vladimir Reshetnikov, Apr 23 2013
a(n) = Product_{k = 1..A001221(n)} (A124010(n,k) + 1). - Reinhard Zumkeller, Jul 12 2013
a(n) = Sum_{k=1..n} A238133(k)*A000041(n-k). - Mircea Merca, Feb 18 2013
G.f.: Sum_{k>=1} Sum_{j>=1} x^(j*k). - Mats Granvik, Jun 15 2013
The formula above is obtained by expanding the Lambert series Sum_{k>=1} x^k/(1-x^k). - Joerg Arndt, Mar 12 2014
G.f.: Sum_{n>=1} Sum_{d|n} ( -log(1 - x^(n/d)) )^d / d!. - Paul D. Hanna, Aug 21 2014
2*Pi*a(n) = Sum_{m=1..n} Integral_{x=0..2*Pi} r^(m-n)( cos((m-n)*x)-r^m cos(n*x) )/( 1+r^(2*m)-2r^m cos(m*x) )dx, 0 < r < 1 a free parameter. This formula is obtained as the sum of the residues of the Lambert series Sum_{k>=1} x^k/(1-x^k). - Seiichi Kirikami, Oct 22 2015
a(n) = A091220(A091202(n)) = A106737(A156552(n)). - Antti Karttunen, circa 2004 & Mar 06 2017
a(n) = A034296(n) - A237665(n+1) [Wang, Fokkink, Fokkink]. - George Beck, May 06 2017
G.f.: 2*x/(1-x) - Sum_{k>0} x^k*(1-2*x^k)/(1-x^k). - Mamuka Jibladze, Aug 29 2018
a(n) = Sum_{k=1..n} 1/phi(n / gcd(n, k)). - Daniel Suteu, Nov 05 2018
a(k*n) = a(n)*(f(k,n)+2)/(f(k,n)+1), where f(k,n) is the exponent of the highest power of k dividing n and k is prime. - Gary Detlefs, Feb 08 2019
a(n) = 2*log(p(n))/log(n), n > 1, where p(n)= the product of the factors of n = A007955(n). - Gary Detlefs, Feb 15 2019
a(n) = (1/n) * Sum_{k=1..n} sigma(gcd(n,k)), where sigma(n) = sum of divisors of n. - Orges Leka, May 09 2019
a(n) = A001227(n)*(A007814(n) + 1) = A001227(n)*A001511(n). - Ivan N. Ianakiev, Nov 14 2019
From Richard L. Ollerton, May 11 2021: (Start)
a(n) = A038040(n) / n = (1/n)*Sum_{d|n} phi(d)*sigma(n/d), where phi = A000010 and sigma = A000203.
a(n) = (1/n)*Sum_{k=1..n} phi(gcd(n,k))*sigma(n/gcd(n,k))/phi(n/gcd(n,k)). (End)
From Ridouane Oudra, Nov 12 2021: (Start)
a(n) = Sum_{j=1..n} Sum_{k=1..j} (1/j)*cos(2*k*n*Pi/j);
a(n) = Sum_{j=1..n} Sum_{k=1..j} (1/j)*e^(2*k*n*Pi*i/j), where i^2=-1. (End)

Extensions

Incorrect formula deleted by Ridouane Oudra, Oct 28 2021

A091202 Factorization-preserving isomorphism from nonnegative integers to binary codes for polynomials over GF(2).

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 6, 11, 8, 5, 14, 13, 12, 19, 22, 9, 16, 25, 10, 31, 28, 29, 26, 37, 24, 21, 38, 15, 44, 41, 18, 47, 32, 23, 50, 49, 20, 55, 62, 53, 56, 59, 58, 61, 52, 27, 74, 67, 48, 69, 42, 43, 76, 73, 30, 35, 88, 33, 82, 87, 36, 91, 94, 39, 64, 121, 46, 97, 100, 111, 98
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Antti Karttunen, Jan 03 2004

Keywords

Comments

E.g. we have the following identities: A000005(n) = A091220(a(n)), A001221(n) = A091221(a(n)), A001222(n) = A091222(a(n)), A008683(n) = A091219(a(n)), A014580(n) = a(A000040(n)), A049084(n) = A091227(a(n)).

Crossrefs

Inverse: A091203.
Several variants exist: A235041, A091204, A106442, A106444, A106446.
Cf. also A302023, A302025, A305417, A305427 for other similar permutations.

Programs

  • PARI
    A064989(n) = {my(f); f = factor(n); if((n>1 && f[1,1]==2), f[1,2] = 0); for (i=1, #f~, f[i,1] = precprime(f[i,1]-1)); factorback(f)};
    A091225(n) = polisirreducible(Pol(binary(n))*Mod(1, 2));
    A305420(n) = { my(k=1+n); while(!A091225(k),k++); (k); };
    A305421(n) = { my(f = subst(lift(factor(Pol(binary(n))*Mod(1, 2))),x,2)); for(i=1,#f~,f[i,1] = Pol(binary(A305420(f[i,1])))); fromdigits(Vec(factorback(f))%2,2); };
    A091202(n) = if(n<=1,n,if(!(n%2),2*A091202(n/2),A305421(A091202(A064989(n))))); \\ Antti Karttunen, Jun 10 2018

Formula

a(0)=0, a(1)=1, a(p_i) = A014580(i) for primes p_i with index i and for composites a(p_i * p_j * ...) = a(p_i) X a(p_j) X ..., where X stands for carryless multiplication of GF(2)[X] polynomials (A048720).
Other identities. For all n >= 1, the following holds:
A091225(a(n)) = A010051(n). [Maps primes to binary representations of irreducible GF(2) polynomials, A014580, and nonprimes to union of {1} and the binary representations of corresponding reducible polynomials, A091242. The permutations A091204, A106442, A106444, A106446, A235041 and A245703 have the same property.]
From Antti Karttunen, Jun 10 2018: (Start)
For n <= 1, a(n) = n, for n > 1, a(n) = 2*a(n/2) if n is even, and if n is odd, then a(n) = A305421(a(A064989(n))).
a(n) = A305417(A156552(n)) = A305427(A243071(n)).
(End)

A091203 Factorization-preserving isomorphism from binary codes of GF(2) polynomials to integers.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 6, 5, 8, 15, 18, 7, 12, 11, 10, 27, 16, 81, 30, 13, 36, 25, 14, 33, 24, 17, 22, 45, 20, 21, 54, 19, 32, 57, 162, 55, 60, 23, 26, 63, 72, 29, 50, 51, 28, 135, 66, 31, 48, 35, 34, 243, 44, 39, 90, 37, 40, 99, 42, 41, 108, 43, 38, 75, 64, 225, 114, 47, 324
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Antti Karttunen, Jan 03 2004

Keywords

Comments

E.g. we have the following identities: A000040(n) = a(A014580(n)), A091219(n) = A008683(a(n)), A091220(n) = A000005(a(n)), A091221(n) = A001221(a(n)), A091222(n) = A001222(a(n)), A091225(n) = A010051(a(n)), A091227(n) = A049084(a(n)), A091247(n) = A066247(a(n)).

Crossrefs

Programs

  • PARI
    A003961(n) = my(f = factor(n)); for (i=1, #f~, f[i, 1] = nextprime(f[i, 1]+1)); factorback(f); \\ From A003961
    A091225(n) = polisirreducible(Pol(binary(n))*Mod(1, 2));
    A305419(n) = if(n<3,1, my(k=n-1); while(k>1 && !A091225(k),k--); (k));
    A305422(n) = { my(f = subst(lift(factor(Pol(binary(n))*Mod(1, 2))),x,2)); for(i=1,#f~,f[i,1] = Pol(binary(A305419(f[i,1])))); fromdigits(Vec(factorback(f))%2,2); };
    A091203(n) = if(n<=1,n,if(!(n%2),2*A091203(n/2),A003961(A091203(A305422(n))))); \\ Antti Karttunen, Jun 10 2018

Formula

a(0)=0, a(1)=1. For n's coding an irreducible polynomial ir_i, that is if n=A014580(i), we have a(n) = A000040(i) and for composite polynomials a(ir_i X ir_j X ...) = p_i * p_j * ..., where p_i = A000040(i) and X stands for carryless multiplication of GF(2)[X] polynomials (A048720) and * for the ordinary multiplication of integers (A004247).
Other identities. For all n >= 1, the following holds:
A010051(a(n)) = A091225(n). [After a(1)=1, maps binary representations of irreducible GF(2) polynomials, A014580, to primes and the binary representations of corresponding reducible polynomials, A091242, to composite numbers. The permutations A091205, A106443, A106445, A106447, A235042 and A245704 have the same property.]
From Antti Karttunen, Jun 10 2018: (Start)
For n <= 1, a(n) = n, for n > 1, a(n) = 2*a(n/2) if n is even, and if n is odd, then a(n) = A003961(a(A305422(n))).
a(n) = A005940(1+A305418(n)) = A163511(A305428(n)).
A046523(a(n)) = A278233(n).
(End)

A278233 Filter-sequence for GF(2)[X]-factorization: sequence that gives the least natural number with the same prime signature that (0, 1)-polynomial encoded in the binary expansion of n has when it is factored over GF(2).

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 2, 4, 4, 6, 2, 8, 6, 12, 2, 12, 2, 6, 8, 16, 16, 30, 2, 36, 4, 6, 6, 24, 2, 6, 12, 12, 6, 24, 2, 32, 6, 48, 6, 60, 2, 6, 12, 72, 2, 12, 6, 12, 24, 30, 2, 48, 6, 6, 32, 12, 6, 60, 2, 24, 12, 30, 2, 72, 2, 6, 12, 64, 36, 30, 2, 144, 4, 30, 6, 120, 2, 6, 24, 12, 6, 60, 6, 144, 4, 6, 30, 36, 64, 30, 2, 24, 6, 120, 2, 60, 6, 6, 12, 96, 2, 30, 12, 12, 30, 96, 2
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Antti Karttunen, Nov 16 2016

Keywords

Comments

a(n) = the least number with the same prime signature as A091203(n).
This sequence works as an A046523-analog in the polynomial ring GF(2)[X] and can be used as a filter which matches with (and thus detects) any sequence in the database where a(n) depends only on the exponents of irreducible factors when the polynomial corresponding to n (via base-2 encoding) is factored over GF(2). These sequences are listed in the Crossrefs section, "Sequences that partition N into ...".
Matching in this context means that the sequence a matches with the sequence b iff for all i, j: a(i) = a(j) => b(i) = b(j). In other words, iff the sequence b partitions the natural numbers to the same or coarser equivalence classes (as/than the sequence a) by the distinct values it obtains.

Examples

			3 is "11" in binary, encodes polynomial x + 1, and 7 is "111" in binary, encodes polynomial x^2 + x + 1, both which are irreducible over GF(2). We can multiply their codes with carryless multiplication A048720 as A048720(3,7) = 9, A048720(9,3) = 27, A048720(9,7) = 63. Now a(27) = a(63) because the exponents occurring in both codes 27 and 63 are one 1 and two 2's, and their order is not significant when computing prime signature. Moreover a(27) = a(63) = 12 because that is the least number with a prime signature (1,2) in the more familiar domain of natural numbers.
a(25) = 2, because 25 is "11001" in binary, encoding polynomial x^4 + x^3 + 1, which is irreducible in the ring GF(2)[X], i.e., 25 is in A014580, whose initial term is 2.
		

Crossrefs

Cf. A014580 (gives the positions of 2's), A048720, A057889, A091203, A091205, A193231, A235042, A278231, A278238, A278239.
Similar filtering sequences: A046523, A278222, A278226, A278236, A278243.
Sequences that partition N into same or coarser equivalence classes: A091220, A091221, A091222, A106493, A106494.
Cf. also A304529, A304751, A305788 (rgs-transform), A305789.

Programs

Formula

a(n) = A046523(A091203(n)) = A046523(A091205(n)) = A046523(A235042(n)). [Because of the "sorting" essentially performed by A046523, any map from GF(2)[X] to Z can be used, as long as it is fully (cross-)multiplicative and preserves also the exponents intact.]
Other identities. For all n >= 1:
a(A014580(n)) = 2.
a(n) = a(A057889(n)) = a(A193231(n)).
a(A000695(n)) = A278238(n).
a(A277699(n)) = A278239(n).

A235042 Factorization-preserving bijection from GF(2)[X]-polynomials to nonnegative integers, version which fixes the elements that are irreducible in both semirings.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 6, 7, 8, 21, 18, 11, 12, 13, 14, 27, 16, 81, 42, 19, 36, 49, 22, 39, 24, 5, 26, 63, 28, 33, 54, 31, 32, 93, 162, 91, 84, 37, 38, 99, 72, 41, 98, 15, 44, 189, 78, 47, 48, 77, 10, 243, 52, 57, 126, 17, 56, 117, 66, 59, 108, 61, 62, 147, 64, 441
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Antti Karttunen, Jan 02 2014

Keywords

Comments

Like A091203 this is a factorization-preserving isomorphism from GF(2)[X]-polynomials to integers. The former are encoded in the binary representation of n like this: n=11, '1011' in binary, stands for polynomial x^3+x+1, n=25, '11001' in binary, stands for polynomial x^4+x^3+1. However, this version does not map the irreducible GF(2)[X] polynomials (A014580) straight to the primes (A000040), but instead fixes the intersection of those two sets (A091206), and maps the elements in their set-wise difference A014580 \ A000040 (= A091214) in numerical order to the set-wise difference A000040 \ A014580 (= A091209).
The composite values are defined by the multiplicativity. E.g., we have a(A048724(n)) = 3*a(n) and a(A001317(n)) = A000244(n) = 3^n for all n.
This map satisfies many of the same identities as A091203, e.g., we have A091219(n) = A008683(a(n)), A091220(n) = A000005(a(n)), A091221(n) = A001221(a(n)), A091222(n) = A001222(a(n)), A091225(n) = A010051(a(n)) and A091247(n) = A066247(a(n)) for all n >= 1.

Examples

			Here (t X u) = A048720(t,u):
a(2)=2, a(3)=3 and a(7)=7, as 2, 3 and 7 are all in A091206.
a(4) = a(2 X 2) = a(2)*a(2) = 2*2 = 4.
a(5) = a(3 X 3) = a(3)*a(3) = 3*3 = 9.
a(9) = a(3 X 7) = a(3)*a(7) = 3*7 = 21.
a(10) = a(2 X 3 X 3) = a(2)*a(3)*a(3) = 2*3*3 = 18.
a(15) = a(3 X 3 X 3) = a(3)^3 = 3^3 = 27.
a(17) = a(3 X 3 X 3 X 3) = a(3)^4 = 3^4 = 81.
a(21) = a(7 X 7) = a(7)*a(7) = 7*7 = 49.
a(25) = 5, as 25 is the first term of A091214 and 5 is the first term of A091209.
a(50) = a(2 X 25) = a(2)*a(25) = 2*5 = 10.
		

Crossrefs

Inverse: A235041. Fixed points: A235045.
Similar cross-multiplicative permutations: A091203, A091205, A106443, A106445, A106447.

Formula

a(0)=0, a(1)=1, a(p) = p for those irreducible GF(2)[X]-polynomials whose binary encoding is a prime (i.e., p is in A091206), and for the rest of irreducible GF(2)[X]-polynomials (those which are encoded by a composite natural number, i.e., q is in A091214), a(q) = A091209(A235044(q)), and for reducible polynomials, a(i X j X k X ...) = a(i) * a(j) * a(k) * ..., where each i, j, k, ... is in A014580, X stands for carryless multiplication of GF(2)[X] polynomials (A048720) and * for the ordinary multiplication of integers (A004247).

A235041 Factorization-preserving bijection from nonnegative integers to GF(2)[X]-polynomials, version which fixes the elements that are irreducible in both semirings.

Original entry on oeis.org

0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 25, 6, 7, 8, 5, 50, 11, 12, 13, 14, 43, 16, 55, 10, 19, 100, 9, 22, 87, 24, 321, 26, 15, 28, 91, 86, 31, 32, 29, 110, 79, 20, 37, 38, 23, 200, 41, 18, 115, 44, 125, 174, 47, 48, 21, 642, 89, 52, 117, 30, 227, 56, 53, 182, 59, 172, 61, 62, 27, 64
Offset: 0

Views

Author

Antti Karttunen, Jan 02 2014

Keywords

Comments

Like A091202 this is a factorization-preserving isomorphism from integers to GF(2)[X]-polynomials. The latter are encoded in the binary representation of n like this: n=11, '1011' in binary, stands for polynomial x^3+x+1, n=25, '11001' in binary, stands for polynomial x^4+x^3+1. However, this version does not map the primes (A000040) straight to the irreducible GF(2)[X] polynomials (A014580), but instead fixes the intersection of those two sets (A091206), and maps the elements in their set-wise difference A000040 \ A014580 (= A091209) in numerical order to the set-wise difference A014580 \ A000040 (= A091214).
The composite values are defined by the multiplicativity. E.g., we have a(3n) = A048724(a(n)) and a(3^n) = A001317(n) for all n.
This map satisfies many of the same identities as A091202, e.g., we have A000005(n) = A091220(a(n)), A001221(n) = A091221(a(n)), A001222(n) = A091222(a(n)) and A008683(n) = A091219(a(n)) for all n >= 1.

Examples

			Here (t X u) = A048720(t,u):
a(2)=2, a(3)=3 and a(7)=7, as 2, 3 and 7 are all in A091206.
a(4) = a(2*2) = a(2) X a(2) = 2 X 2 = 4.
a(9) = a(3*3) = a(3) X a(3) = 3 X 3 = 5.
a(5) = 25, as 5 is the first term of A091209 and 25 is the first term of A091214.
a(10) = a(2*5) = a(2) X a(5) = 2 X 25 = 50.
Similarly, a(17) = 55, as 17 is the second term of A091209 and 55 is the second term of A091214.
a(21) = a(3*7) = a(3) X a(7) = 3 X 7 = 9.
		

Crossrefs

Inverse: A235042. Fixed points: A235045.
Similar cross-multiplicative permutations: A091202, A091204, A106442, A106444, A106446.

Formula

a(0)=0, a(1)=1, a(p) = p for those primes p whose binary representations encode also irreducible GF(2)[X]-polynomials (i.e., p is in A091206), and for the rest of the primes q (those whose binary representation encode composite GF(2)[X]-polynomials, i.e., q is in A091209), a(q) = A091214(A235043(q)), and for composite natural numbers, a(p * q * r * ...) = a(p) X a(q) X a(r) X ..., where p, q, r, ... are primes and X stands for the carryless multiplication (A048720) of GF(2)[X] polynomials encoded as explained in the Comments section.

A325565 a(n) is the number of such divisors d of n that A048720(A065621(d),n/d) is equal to n.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1, 4, 2, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1, 5, 1, 4, 1, 3, 2, 2, 1, 4, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1, 6, 2, 2, 2, 6, 1, 2, 1, 4, 1, 4, 1, 3, 2, 2, 1, 5, 2, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1, 4, 1, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1, 7, 2, 4, 1, 3, 1, 4, 1, 8, 1, 2, 2, 3, 1, 2, 1, 5, 1, 2, 1, 6, 1, 2, 1, 4, 1, 4, 1, 3, 2, 2, 1, 6, 1, 4, 1, 3, 1, 2, 1, 4, 2
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Antti Karttunen, May 09 2019

Keywords

Comments

Equally, a(n) is number of such pairs of natural numbers t, u that A048720(t,u) = n and A065620(t)*u = n.

Crossrefs

Programs

  • PARI
    A048720(b,c) = fromdigits(Vec(Pol(binary(b))*Pol(binary(c)))%2, 2);
    A065621(n) = bitxor(n-1,n+n-1);
    A325565(n) = sumdiv(n,d,A048720(A065621(d),n/d)==n);
    
  • PARI
    A065620(n, c=1) = sum(i=0, logint(n+!n, 2), if(bittest(n, i), (-1)^c++<A065620
    A325565(n) = { my(p = Pol(binary(n))*Mod(1, 2)); sum(d=1,n,my(q = Pol(binary(d))*Mod(1, 2)); (0==(p%q) && (n==(A065620(d)*fromdigits(Vec(lift(p/q)),2))))); };

Formula

a(n) = Sum_{d|n} [A048720(A065621(d),n/d) == n], where [ ] is the Iverson bracket.
a(n) / a(A000265(n)) = A001511(n).
a(n) <= A000005(n) for all n.
a(n) <= A091220(n) for all n.

A091257 Multiplication table A x B computed for polynomials over GF(2), where (A,B) runs as (1,1),(1,2),(2,1),(1,3),(2,2),(3,1),...

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 2, 2, 3, 4, 3, 4, 6, 6, 4, 5, 8, 5, 8, 5, 6, 10, 12, 12, 10, 6, 7, 12, 15, 16, 15, 12, 7, 8, 14, 10, 20, 20, 10, 14, 8, 9, 16, 9, 24, 17, 24, 9, 16, 9, 10, 18, 24, 28, 30, 30, 28, 24, 18, 10, 11, 20, 27, 32, 27, 20, 27, 32, 27, 20, 11, 12, 22, 30, 36, 40, 18, 18, 40, 36, 30, 22, 12
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Antti Karttunen, Jan 03 2004

Keywords

Comments

Essentially same as A048720 but computed starting from offset one instead of zero. Analogous to A003991. Each n occurs A091220(n) times.

Crossrefs

a(n) = A048720bi(A091255(n), A091256(n)) because the identity A x B = gcd(A, B) x lcm(A, B) holds also in the polynomial ring GF(2)[X].

A178908 GF(2) sum of divisors of n.

Original entry on oeis.org

1, 3, 2, 7, 7, 6, 6, 15, 12, 9, 10, 14, 12, 10, 8, 31, 25, 20, 18, 21, 19, 30, 24, 30, 24, 20, 18, 18, 20, 24, 30, 63, 60, 43, 40, 36, 36, 54, 54, 45, 40, 53, 48, 54, 48, 40, 46, 62, 60, 40, 42, 36, 36, 54, 54, 34, 36, 60, 58, 56, 60, 34, 38, 127, 121, 68, 66, 79, 79, 120, 120
Offset: 1

Views

Author

Keywords

Comments

Take the n-th GF(2) polynomial, compute its sum of divisors, and find the index of that polynomial in the list of GF(2) polynomials.
If 2^k <= n < 2^(k+1), then also 2^k <= a(n) < 2^(k+1), since any proper divisor of a GF(2) polynomial has lower degree.
Numbers whose binary representations correspond to the divisors occur as the nonzero terms on row n of A280499, and they are XORed together to obtain a(n). A280493 gives another GF(2)[X]-analog of A000203. - Antti Karttunen, Jan 11 2017

Examples

			5 => x^2 + 1 = (x+1)^2. sigma((x+1)^2) = (x+1)^2 + x+1 + 1 = x^2 + x + 1 => 7, so a(5) = 7. (All polynomials here are over GF(2).)
		

Crossrefs

Programs

  • PARI
    a(n)={local(p,fm,r,k);
    while(n>0,p+=Mod(n,2)*x^k;n\=2;k++);
    r=Mod(1,2);fm=factor(p);for(k=1,matsize(fm)[1],r*=(fm[k,1]^(fm[k,2]+1)-1)/(fm[k,1]-1));
    subst(lift(r),x,2)}
    
  • PARI
    a(n) = {my(s = vecsum(divisors(Mod(1,2)*Pol(binary(n))))); subst(lift(s), x, 2);} \\ Michel Marcus, Jan 13 2019
    
  • Scheme
    ;; A003987bi implements the 2-argument bitwise-XOR function (A003987).
    ;; A091255bi implements the 2-argument GF(2)[X] GCD-function (A091255) which is used for checking that k is a divisor of n.
    (define (A178908 n) (let loop ((k n) (s 0)) (if (zero? k) s (loop (- k 1) (A003987bi s (if (= k (A091255bi n k)) k 0))))))
    ;; Antti Karttunen, Jan 11 2017

Formula

For all n >= 0, a(2^n) = A000203(2^n) = A280493(2^n) = A000225(1+n). - Antti Karttunen, Jan 11 2017
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